清单02 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(二)
专题01 动词的语态
1.用法
被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be 的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be 外,被动
语态的构成形式还有“get/become+过去分词”。 只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态, 但
注意某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态： 如：have 有；cost 花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属
于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成；take part in 参加; 不及物动词或短
语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:happen/take place/occur 发生；remain 剩下；break out 爆发；last
持续；come out 出版；come up 被提出；lose heart 失去信心；run out 用完。情态动词,be going to, be to, be
sure to 等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw 等，常与
well，easily，smoothly 等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
Attention！the sign reads as follows. 注意，告示如下。
The cloth doesn’t wash well.这个布料不好洗。
(2)系动词如smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove 等后接形容词作表语。
Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn’t contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
(3)open，close，lock，move，keep 等动词常与won’t，can’t，wouldn’t 连用。
No matter what he did to the drawer，it wouldn’t open.不论他怎么对付这抽屉，它就是打不开。
(4)在need，want，require，deserve，bear 等动词或worth 等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意
义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The building needs repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修理。
The poet is really worth reading.这部诗歌的确值得一读。
(5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词
有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting 等。be to blame 也属于主动
形式表被动意义。
The problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out 前省略了for me)这道题很难计算。
Who is to blame for the mistake?这个错误应该归咎于谁？
3.主动变为被动时宾语的变化
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
The reporters asked the president some questions.
→The president was asked some questions by the reporters.
→Some questions were asked the president by the reporters.
(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。
WI heard him say good-bye to his friends.
→He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.
【注意】动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。
This dictionary must be taken good care of.
附录:
被动语态的构成(以do 为例)
类别
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
am/is/
are done
was/were
done
will/shall
be done
would/
should
be done
进行
am/is/are
being done
was/were
being done
—
—
完成
have/has
been done
had been
done
will/shall
have been
done
would/should
have been
done
1.(2025 天津高考第一次)The reading materials ________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed
B. had printed
C. have been printed
D. had been printed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这些阅读材料在培训开始前就已经印好了，因此每个人都能拿到一份。
“打印阅读材料”发生在“培训开始”之前，“began”是过去式，过去的过去需用过去完成时(had + 过去
分词)，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
2.(2025 天津高考第二次)Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ________ awarded for their
extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.
A. was
B. were
C. has
D. have
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词语态。句意：邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的
23 位科学家之一。who 引导定语从句，先行词是the 23 scientists(复数名词)，关系词who 代替先行词在从
句中作主语，且与award 为被动关系，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时的被动语
态，be 动词用were。故选B。
3.(2024 天津高考第一次)The fence between the two tennis courts ________. Soon children will have enough
space for football games.
A. are removed
B. is to be removed
C. were to be removed
D. was being removed
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意：两个网球场之间的栅栏将被拆除。很快孩子们就有足够
的空间踢足球了。此处为谓语动词的填入，由第二句中的“will”可知，该句应该用将来时，所以选项中动
词不定式可以表示将来，主语The fence 和动词remove 为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构，
结合主语The fence 为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选B 项。
4.(2024 天津高考第一次)This online course ________, but you can still access and use the original version.
A. has updated
B. had updated
C. has been updated
D. had been updated
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个在线课程已经更新，但你仍然可以访问和使用原始版本。根据“you
can still access and use the original version”可知，此处暗示课程已经更新，但仍可使用原版本。主语This
online course 与谓语update 为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C 项。
分清主动被动, 辨析语态
1.看到动词为及物动词, 后面缺少宾语,要想到用被动语态。
2. 主谓关系判断法 如果主语是动作的执行者，与谓语动词为主动关系，用主动语态，如果主语是动作
的承受者，与谓语动词为动宾关系，用被动语态。
3.谓语动词性质分析法 判断谓语动词是否具有主动表示被动的性质，如果有则用主动语态； 判断谓语动
词是否具有不能用于被动语态的性质若有则用主动语态。
专题02 主谓一致
一.语法一致原则
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词someone，anyone，everyone 等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
Someone tells me that it is not worthwhile to give up my job. (不定代词作主语)
Serving the people is my great happiness.(动名词作主语)
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. (从句作主语)
特别注意：(1)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2) what 引导的从句作主语
时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
What lies at the root of his troubles is a sense of insecurity. (主语表示单数)
What the school needs are qualified teachers. (主语表示复数)
Many a person thinks it not wise to leave the city I am living in. (many a/more than one＋单数名词)
2.主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等加名词或代词构成短语时,谓语动词的
数要与前面的主语保持一致。and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and
连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，
如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(一个人)
Both you and I are teachers. (两个人以上)
The dancer and expert is said to perform in our school on Children’s Day. (一个人)
3.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.(指代the men)
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. (指代the boy)
4. “形复意单”名词如：news；以-ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：the
United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights(《天方夜谭》)；以及the United
Nations(联合国)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
5. 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
6. 单复数同形的名词，如means，deer，sheep 等作主语时，谓语动词单复数要视情况而定。
二.意义一致原则
1. 集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词
用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience 等。
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动
词用单数；“分数/百分数/the majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后名词的数以及其
表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest 等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
4.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
三.就近一致原则
1.由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only... but also...,not... but...等连接的词语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近
的主语保持一致。
注意：就近原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句中，同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。
Is either Tom or you to be sent to work there?
是你还是汤姆要被派去那里工作？
2.由there, here 引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are many girls having a taste for sweet food, but neither my sister nor I am interested in candies.
1.(2025 新高考I 卷)The players’ personalities ________(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are
exposed to the opponent,
【答案】are revealed
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对
手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities 与动词reveal“揭示，显
示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be 动词用are。故填are
revealed。
2.(2025 新高考II 卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________(be) one of them.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事
实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 为第三人称单数，be 动
词用is。故填is。
3.(2025 浙江高考1 月)The concept ________(be) certainly not new--men have been renting good suits for
decades--but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal
movement towards shared economies.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语为单数“concept”，描述一个广泛事实，应用一般现在时，故填
is。
附录：
1.找准主语 看主语是单数还是复数，确定谓语动词的形式。
2.牢记三原则 要记住判断主谓一致的三个原则，注意特殊情况。
3. 综合时态，语态 要与动词的时态和语态综合起来，确定谓语动词的形式。
时间：10 分钟 满分：16 分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026 届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)The reading materials________ before the training began, so
that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed
B. had printed
C. have been printed
D. had been printed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这些阅读材料在培训开始前就已经印好了，因此每个人都能拿到一份。
“打印阅读材料”发生在“培训开始”之前，“began”是过去式，过去的过去需用过去完成时(had + 过去
分词)，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
2.(2026 届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ________
awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs one satellite” project.
A. was
B. were
C. has
D. have
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词语态。句意：邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的
23 位科学家之一。who 引导定语从句，先行词是the 23 scientists(复数名词)，关系词who 代替先行词在从
句中作主语，且与award 为被动关系，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时的被动语
态，be 动词用were。故选B。
3.(2026 届天津市三校联考)Not only many ancient Chinese poems but also the classic novel Dream of the Red
Chamber ________ to be translated into dozens of foreign languages so far, and great cultural significance
________ to them by people all over the world.
A. have been proved; is attached
B. has been proved; are attached
C. have been proved; are attached
D. has been proved; is attached
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：不仅许多中国古代诗歌，就连经典小说《红楼梦》也已被证
实已被翻译成数十种外语，而且它们在全世界范围内都具有极高的文化价值，受到人们的广泛重视。第一
空主语与谓语构成被动关系，且Not only...but also... 谓语动词遵循就近原则，靠近的是 Dream of the Red
Chamber(单数)，所以第一空用 has been proved；第二空attach great significance to sth.表示“认为…… 有重
要意义”，此处为被动关系，主语是 significance(不可数 / 单数)，用 is attached。故选D。
4.(2026 届天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一) The historical wooden bridge across the river
________ for over a year due to severe erosion, but the latest report says the restoration ________ and will
reopen next month.
A. has been closed; is progressing B. has been closed; had progressed
C. had been closed; has been progressing D. had been closed; was progressing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：河上那座历史悠久的木桥因严重侵蚀已经关闭一年多了，但最新报告称
修复工作正在进行，下个月将重新开放。第一空根据时间状语“for over a year”可知，此处用现在完成时，
bridge 与close 是被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用has been closed；第二空表示现阶段
正在进行的动作，结合“and will reopen next month”可知，此处用现在进行时，谓语动词为第三人称单数，
所以第二空为is progressing。故选A 项。
5.(2026 届天津市红桥区高三下学期一模)One day I came home and found that a present ________ on the desk:
a book called The Art of Procrastination.
A. has been left
B. was leaving
C. had been left
D. had left
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：有一天我回到家，发现桌上留了一份礼物：一本名为《拖延的艺术》的
书。分析句子结构可知，found 为谓语动词，其后是由that 引导的宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，a present
与leave 之间是被动关系，即礼物是被留下的，所以要用被动语态；同时leave 这个动作发生在found 之前，
found 是一般过去时，那么leave 就是过去的过去，要用过去完成时，过去完成时的被动语态结构是“had +
been + 过去分词”。故选C。
6.( 2026 届天津市河北区高三年级一模)Over the past two hundred years, each of the Peking Opera masks
________ with unique colours and patterns to help the audience identify the character immediately.
A. is designed
B. had been designed C. was designed
D. has been designed
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去的两百年里，每一张京剧脸谱都被设计成独特的颜色和图案，
以帮助观众立刻识别角色。根据时间状语“Over the past two hundred years”可知，此处使用现在完成时，
each of the Peking Opera masks 和design 为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选D。
7.(2026 届天津市河北区高三年级一模)The list of recommended books for the literature courses ________ twice
according to the new curriculum guidelines since they were officially released last month.
A. were updated
B. has been updated
C. updated
D. have updated
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：自从上个月新课程指南正式发布以来，文学课程的推荐书目清单已经根
据指南更新了两次。根据“since they were officially released last month”可知，此处需用现在完成时，强调
动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续；且主语The list of recommended books 与谓语动词update 之间是被动关
系，需用现在完成时的被动语态，构成式为have/has been done；又因主语为单数，助动词用has。故选B。
8. (2026 届天津市耀华中学高三上学期假前训练)Several pages were found ________ when the book
________ me.
A. missing, returned
B. gone, was returned to
C. lost, was returned
D. disappeared, was returned to
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词辨析与被动语态。句意：当这本书被归还给我时，发现有几页不见了。根据“Several
pages were found _______ ”可知，这里考查find sth. adj，表“发现某东西怎么样”，为固定用法，此处可
用missing/gone/lost 表示“丢失的、不见的”，disappeared 一般不作形容词使用；第二空中，the book 和
return 是被动关系，要用被动语态，且return sth. to sb. 变为被动后是sth. be returned to sb.，且这里时态为
一般过去时，因此was returned to 符合结构，故选B 项。
9.(2026 届江苏省江阴市江阴市第二中学第一学期高三1 月期末)More shopping centers ________ in our city
to promote the local economy in two years.
A. are being built B. will be built
C. have been built
D. had been built
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在两年之后，我市将会建成更多购物中心以促进当地经济。设空处为谓
语，根据时间状语in two years，应用一般将来时；主语shopping centers 与动词build 之间是被动关系，应
用一般将来时的被动语态will be built。 故选B。
10.(2026 届天津市河东区第一学期高三年级期末质量检测)So far many a student ________ that honesty and
diligence ________ the key to success.
A. has realized; is B. have realized; are C. has realized; are
D. have realized; is
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，许多学生都已经认识到诚实和勤奋是取得成功的关键。第一
空many a + 单数名词，谓语动词用单数；第二空honesty and diligence 作主语，谓语用复数。故选C。
二. 单句语法填空
1.(2026 届云南昆明市第一中学高三3 月复习诊断)Now more routes ________(develop), including flower-
viewing tours, summer retreats and autumn journeys, all of which are popular among senior travelers.
【答案】are being developed
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：现在正在开发更多的路线，包括赏花之旅、避暑胜地和秋季之旅，这些
都很受老年旅行者的欢迎。develop(开发)是谓语动词，与主语more routes 之间是被动关系，结合时间状语
Now 可知，描述目前正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形
式。故填are being developed。
2.(2026 届福建恒一教育集团高三下学期联合模拟检测二模)The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her
dream with a great deal of freedom, as opposed to a restaurant where the service is impersonal, the menu is known
in advance, and the meal ________(expect) to be no surprise.
【答案】is expected
【详解】考查短语。句意：这个平台让里贝罗能够以极大的自由度来实现自己的梦想，这与餐厅的模式截
然不同。在餐厅里，服务是缺乏人情味的，菜单事先就已公布，而且用餐体验通常不会有太多惊喜。短语
be expected to do sth.表示“期望做某事”，结合上文the menu is known in advance 可知为一般现在时的被动
语态，主语为meal，谓语用单数。故填is expected。
3.(2026 届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科规范化英语练习)As is ________(advertise), there will be all sorts of paper-
cutting at the exhibition.
【答案】advertised
【详解】考查语态。句意：正如宣传的那样，展览上将会有各种各样的剪纸。as(指代整个主句内容)引导
非限制定语从句，且在从句中作主语，与advertise 是被动关系，空处填过去分词advertised 与is 构成一般
现在时的被动语态。故填advertised。
4.(2026 届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03 月测试)Known as the “king of paper”, Xuan paper
has been recording Chinese culture since it was ________(invent).
【答案】invented
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：被誉为“纸中之王”的宣纸，自被发明以来，一直记录着中国文化。结
合句意，it 指代“Xuan paper”，与invent 之间为被动关系，所以此处使用invent 的过去分词形式与was 构
成一般过去时的被动语态。故填invented。
5.(2026 届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01 月测试)Then, a small amount of water
________(add), and the pan is covered.
【答案】is added
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：然后，加入少量的水，盖上锅盖。根据is covered 可知，句子描述
客观事实，应用一般现在时，a small amount of water 和add 之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，
“a small amount of+不可数名词”作主语，be 动词应用is。故填is added。
6.(2026 届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01 月测试(二)It was he rather than I that
________(be) to blame.
【答案】was
【详解】考查强调句与主谓一致。句意：应该受到责备的其实是他，而不是我。此处为强调句It was…
that…，且rather than 连接主语，谓语与前面主语he 一致。根据上文was 可知为一般过去时。故填was。
时间：10 分钟 满分：20 分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1 Every boy and every girl, as well as teachers who ________ to visit the museum, ________ asked to be at the
school gate before 8:30 in the morning.
A. is, are
B. are, is
C. is, is
D. are, are
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：每个男孩、每个女孩，还有要去参观博物馆的老师们，都被要求早上 8
点半前在校门口集合。第一空who 指代前面的 teachers(复数)，谓语复数are；第二空Every boy and every
girl 作主语时，谓语用单数，所以用 is。故选B。
2. A new library ________ in our community next year.
A. builds
B. built
C. will be built
D. is built
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词时态与语态。句意：明年我们社区将新建一座图书馆。根据next year 可知，这里应用将
来时，且主语a new library 与谓语动词build 是被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动语态“will be + 过去分
词”。故选C 项。
3. The ancient temple ________ by workers for nearly a month and it ________ to the public next month.
A. repairs; opens
B. is repaired; will open
C. has been being repaired; will be opened
D. repaired; was opened
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这座古寺已经被工人们修缮了近一个月，下个月将对公众开放。主语
temple 和repair 是被动关系，结合时间状语for nearly a month 可知，此处表动作持续到现在且仍在进行，
用现在完成进行时的被动语态；next month 表将来，主语it(指代temple)与open 是被动关系，用一般将来时
的被动语态，故选C。
4. The bridge ________ for 50 years, but it is still in good condition.
A. builds
B. is built
C. has built
D. has been built
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这座桥已经建成50 年了，但它仍然状况良好。A. builds 修建(一般
现在时的主动语态)；B. is built 被修建(一般现在时的被动语态)；C. has built 已修建(现在完成时的主动语
态)；D. has been built 已被建成(现在完成时的被动语态)。由句意和时间状语“for 50 years”可知，动作或状
态从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。主语“The bridge”与动词“build”之间是被动关系，需用现在完成
时的被动语态“have/has been done”，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has；build 的过去分词为built，因此
用has been built。故选D 项。
5. The results of the exam ________ to the students next Monday.
A. will announce B. will be announced
C. announce
D. are announced
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：考试结果将于下周一公布给学生。“next Monday”是将来时间，“results”
与“announce”是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态，故选B。
6. Rules ________ to keep order in the school, so everyone must follow them.
A. make
B. are made
C. made
D. will be made
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：学校制定规则是为了维持秩序，所以每个人都必须遵守。动词make 和
主语之间是被动关系，表经常性的被动动作，用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
7. The classroom ________ when the fire alarm went off yesterday afternoon.
A. cleans
B. is cleaned
C. was being cleaned
D. had been cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意：昨天下午火警响起时，教室正在被打扫。根据时间状语
“when the fire alarm went off yesterday afternoon”可知，句子描述的是过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，需用
过去进行时，classroom 与clean 是被动关系，表示教室被打扫，需用被动语态；主语The classroom 是单数
名词，be 动词用was，故选C。
8. The novel ________ by a famous writer in the 1990s and it has been translated into 10 languages.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. was written
D. has been written
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这部小说是一位著名作家在20 世纪90 年代写的，已被翻译成10 种语言。
“in the 1990s”是过去时间，“novel”与“write”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The novel，
be 动词用was，故选C。
9. Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province.
A. have been spent B. were spent
C. has been spent
D. was spent
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，我省投入了大量的资金来改善公共交通。“large
quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论名词是可数还是不可数，谓语动词都用复数形式。根据句中时间状语
Over the past five years 可知，用现在完成时。故选A。
10. Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved
principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us.
A. would observe B. observed
C. were observing
D. was observing
【答案】D
【详解】考查主谓一致及固定句型。 句意：每个男孩和女孩都正在我们的教室里庆祝 2024 年元旦，这
时我们敬爱的校长突然走进教室，向我们传达了最美好的祝愿和期望。空处为主句的谓语动词。此处为固
定句型：be doing...when...“正在做某事，这时突然……”，根据entered 可知，应用过去进行时。当主语由
“every...and every...”结构连接时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。
二. 单句语法填空
1. She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she as well as her brothers ________(follow).
【答案】was being followed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：她匆匆跑回家，一次都没有回头看看她和她的兄弟们是否被跟
踪。空处为从句的谓语动词。根据句子“She hurriedly ran home”的语境可知，这里是说她在跑回家的过程
中担心自己和兄弟们是否正被人跟踪，所以要用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过
去分词”。as well as 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语保持一致，本句中前面
的主语是 she，是第三人称单数，所以be 动词要用was。故填was being followed。
2. What he wants ________(be) a dictionary.
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：他想要的是一本字典。“What he wants”是主语从句作主语，句子描
述的是现在的情况，用一般现在时，be 动词用is。故填is。
3. There ________(be) a book and two pens on the desk.
【答案】is
【详解】考查there be 句型的主谓一致。句意：桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。句子陈述事实，用一般现在
时，根据there be 句型“就近一致”原则，靠近be 动词的a book 为单数名词短语，因此be 动词用单数形式
is。故填is。
4. Not only the people of our nation, ________ all the people of the world have profited from his work.
【答案】but
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：不仅我们国家的人民，而且全世界的人民都从他的工作中受益了。句型
not only...but (also)...表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
5. At present, many a farm ________(destroy) because of the unsustainable land use and worsening droughts.
【答案】is being destroyed
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：目前，由于不可持续的土地利用和日益严重的干旱，许多农场正在遭到破
坏。“many a + 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。农场是“被破坏”，且由At present 可知，此
处表示现在正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。在句中is being destroyed。故填is being
destroyed。
6. Tom, together with his pet dog, ________(take) a walk in the park every evening after dinner.
【答案】takes
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：汤姆每天晚饭后都会和他的宠物狗一起在公园里散步。空处为谓语
动词，本句的主语为Tom，与take 为主动关系，根据时间状语every evening 可知，这里应用一般现在时，
Tom 为第三人称单数。故填takes。
7. The ________(injury) were rushed to the nearby hospital by an ambulance.
【答案】injured
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：伤员被救护车紧急送往附近的医院。此处表示“受伤的人”，需用the
injured，the+形容词表示“一类人”，作主语时谓语动词需用复数形式。故填injured。
8. To do this ________(be) to cut the feet to fit the shoes.
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这样做就是削足适履。当不定式短语To do this 作主语时，谓语动词用单数
形式，且句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填is。
9. Tom, together with his classmates, ________(prefer) to explore nature rather than stay at home during vacations.
【答案】prefers
【详解】考查主谓一致与时态。句意：汤姆和他的同学们假期时更喜欢探索自然而不是待在家里。本句表
经常性、习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，together with 连接并列主语，使用“就前原则”，即根据主语
Tom 而定，谓语动词用prefer 的第三人称单数形式。故填prefers。
10. However, critics warn that emotion and human connection ________(be) the true soul of opera.
【答案】are
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：然而，批评者们警告称，情感和人与人之间的联系才是歌剧真正的精髓所
在。提示词be 作从句谓语，句子描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，主语emotion and human connection 是
复数含义，谓语用复数形式are。故填are。
