词汇检测（五）
常考词
汉语
常考词
汉语
coastal
technique
marine
adopt
artificial
summarize
constantly
boxy
draft
poetry
volume
architectural
tusk
hesitant
rust
amused
reserve
lifelike
relieved
composition
steady
monitor
diverse
boost
desperate
investment
literature
expand
accurate
previous
function
initiative
frequency
heal
wander
slip
spot
lack
vivid
divorce
flourish
investigate
surpass
decrease
masterpiece
assume
realistic
chaos
古生物化石修复
Step 1: 阅读理解
Talented Restorers Bring Fossils to Life
In a glass room in the first-floor basement of the Geological Museum of Guizhou in Guiyang, Guizhou
province, the hissing of precision instruments breaks the silence as experts concentrate and carefully “wake up”
fossils that have been sleeping for hundreds of millions of years.
Before they are placed on display, fossils are usually found in slates or rocks, and few people recognize what
they are. Restorers have to remove the accretions around them to bring the ancient animals and plants to life. It's a
process that also helps in the scientific study of the existence and evolution of ancient species.
Restorer Luo Yongming, 51, sits unmoving for almost an hour, staring into the microscope as he uses a
pneumatic pen on a crinoid fossil. Crinoids are a family of marine animals that still exist today as starfish and sea
urchins, and the part Luo is cleaning is only 3 to 4 centimeters long.
The most difficult part is to tell the bone from the rock. The pneumatic pen should not touch fossils directly
when rock is being removed. "Some bones, such as teeth or the bones of some fish, are as thin as a needle. That's
when we need a microscope."
"We should respect every fossil as it is a piece of history. We aim to present the creature in its most original
state, and to encourage the audience to think." he said.
1. What does the underlined word “accretions” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. remains of ancient species B. bones of plants and animals
C. earth covering fossils D. rock accumulated gradually
2. What’s the meaning of studying the fossils?
A. It tells people of restorers’ achievements. B. It shows people how the fossils came into being.
C. It helps people know the existence and evolution of ancient species.
D. It reminds people of what happened in the past.
3.What can be learned about the fossils?
A. Ancient creatures are in its original state. B. All of them are well preserved in the rocks.
C. Restorers’ hands can touch them gently. D. Some of them are easy to break off.
4.Which of the following best describes Luo?
A. Modest and insightful. B. Considerate and courageous.
C. Creative and open-minded. D. Dedicated and responsible.
Step 2: 材料再利用
1.
fossil 化石
On a global scale, 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels.
全球77%的能量产生自化石燃料。
2.
hiss 发嘶嘶声
The cat arched its back and hissed.
猫弓起背发出嘶嘶声。
3.
evolution 进化
Darwin eventually put forward a model of biological evolution
达尔文最终提出了生物进化的模型。
4.
microscope 显微镜
The bacteria were then examined under a/ the microscope.
随后把细菌放到显微镜下进行检查。
5.
audience 观众
The show appeals to an audience of a certain age.
这个节目中年观众感兴趣。
Step 3: 背景词汇拓展
1.
spot n．点，斑点；地点，场所v．发现
2.
tropical adj．热带的
3.
scene n．景色；场景
4.
getaway n．短假
5.
seek v、寻找；寻求
6.
discovery n．发现
7.
migration n．迁移；移居
8.
region n．区域
9.
ancestor n．祖先
10. date back to 追溯到······
11. history n. 历史
12. belief n．信念；信任
13. surround v．包围
14. distance n．距离
15. cultural adj．文化的
16. campaign n．运动
17. appear v．出现
18. represent v．代表
19. traditional adj．传统的
20. local adj．本地的；当地的
Step 4: 话题微写作
根据所的汉语及以上词汇，完成下面的小短文。
剪纸，这个有1000 多年历史的民间艺术有多种多样的式样。我们经常在中国传统节日里看到剪纸，它被
认为象征着文化的意义。人们张贴剪纸的原因是他们认为剪纸能给他们带来好运和幸福。
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3.【2022 年全国乙卷】
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United
Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese
Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main
promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-producing country, China has
a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can
help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people
working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___67___ cultural exchanges. A
four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional
activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six
hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening _____70_____
(it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
4.【2022 年1 月浙江卷】
Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta ,is one of a small but growing
minority of academics ____56 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling
to conferences ,lectures ,workshops,and the like-frequently by plane ___57 (view)as important for
scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others __58___(be)now questioning that
idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and __59___(change) their
personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis . On a website called No Fly
Climate Sci. For example. ____60____(rough) 200 academics- many of them climate scientists
___61 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb ,for her part ,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___62 she could do
so remotely ,about three quarters of ___63 time,they agreed ,When the answer was no, she declined the
___64____ (invite) .That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans
___65 (continue) the practice .“It has been fairly rewarding.” she says .”a really positive change”
D
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year
study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s
languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and
“v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián
Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard
to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an
overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be
so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages
after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These
sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved
around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance
of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay
of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety.
B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity.
D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
2.【2022 年全国甲卷】
B
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful
at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The
clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to
choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year
before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will
need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment,
Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-
and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do
indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual
clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions.
B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around.
D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door.
B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole.
D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see.
B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers
B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers
D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
3.【2022 年全国乙卷】
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance
friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another.
With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___36___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and
what method works best for you both. ___37___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as
leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· ___39___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try
to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
4.【2022 年新高考2 卷】
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to
practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop
for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t worry about
grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of
ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by learning
to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.
Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___19___
As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the
blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes
into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
2.【2022 年新高考2 卷】
Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it
___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to
Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel
___23___ .
They’re part of a new form of the ___24___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost
stays in ___25___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ .
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that
are sometimes difficult to ___28___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___29___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s
like ____30____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high ____31____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the
homeowner’s ____32____ . For Jessica, that means ____33____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house
____34____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel
that they made the right ____35____ ,” she says.
21. A. indoors
B. online
C. single-handed
D. full-time
22. A. game
B. service
C. vacation
D. procedure
23. A. safe
B. busy C. helpful
D. affordable
24. A. local
B. private C. sharing
D. agricultural
25. A. strangers’
B. parents’ C. co-workers’
D. neighbors’
26. A. favor
B. defense C. honor
D. absence
27. A. plan
B. explain C. compare
D. complete
28. A. buy
B. transport C. choose
D. please
29. A. support
B. comfort C. control
D. attention
30. A. cooking
B. staying C. waiting
D. studying
31. A. success
B. survival C. growth
D. unemployment
32. A. budget
B. abilities C. expectations
D. understanding
33. A. admiring
B. donating C. sending
D. borrowing
34 A. clean
B. open C. simple
D. empty
35. A. guess
B. decision C. response
D. impression
1.【2022 年新高考1 卷】
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small
town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small
for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the
other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids
from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him
decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After
making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from
side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his
classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were
doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It
just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long
after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the
challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me.
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I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
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