10 名词性从句
种类 关联词 例 句 说 明
That he will come and help you is certain. that在引导主语从句时不可省去
that
他来帮助你是确实无疑的。
连
Whether there is life on the moon is an 主语从句中只能用 whether 不可用
词
whether interesting question. if。
主
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
who What he wants to tell us is not clear.
语
what 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨
连接
重，因此一般
代词
which Who will win the match is still unknown.
从
whatever 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词
when
句
“it”来作形式主语。
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
where
连接
副词 Where the English evening will be held has not
why
yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举
how
行，还没有宣布。
I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚 that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语
的。 或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如
从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的
陈述 We must never think(that) we are good in
that that不可省。
意义 everything while others are good in nothing.
我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么
都不好。
宾
I wonder whether he will come or not. whether 常与 or not 连用，不能用 if
语 代替。
我想知道他来还是不来。
从 作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。
Everything depends on whether we have
句 enough money. 从句是否定句时一般用if引导。
if
疑问
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
意义
whether
I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting.
我不知道它是否有意思。
He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.他不在乎
天气是否好。who, whom, Please tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要
什么？
which,whos
e, She always thinks of how she can work well.
what, when, 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
特殊
宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介
疑问 where, why, She will give whoever needs help a warm
词的宾语。
意义 support.
how,whoeve
r, 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支
持。
whatever,
whichever
We must make it clear that anyone
who breaks the law will be punished.
注1
如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作
形式宾语，将从句后置。 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都
要受到惩罚。
think,believe,imagine,suppose 等动词引出的We don’t think you are right. 我们认
宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移到 为你不对。
注2
主句中。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信
他不会这样做的。
The problem is(that) they can’t get here early
that enough.
连词 whether 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。
as if It looks as if it’s going to rain.看起来天要下 在非正式的文体中that可以省去
雨。
表
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
who
语
连接 The question is who(which of you) will be the
what
从 代词 next speaker.
which
句 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。
when This is where our problem lies.
表语从句位于主句系动词之后
where 这就是我们的问题所在。
连接
副词
why That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
how 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
The news that he had landed on the moon 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具
同 spread all over the world.他曾在月球上登陆体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news,
由连词that引
这个消息传遍世界。 idea, hope, thought,question, order,
位
导，不担任成
fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story
语 分，也可有 I have no idea when he will come back home.
等。
when, how, where
从 我不知道他什么时候回来。
等引导。
句 The thought came to him that Mary had
probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。
He must answer the question whether he
agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问
题。
特别注意what的双重功能：
①What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．
( what 为“所……的事”，相当于“ the thing that… ； all that… ； everything that… ”)
②After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed．（M ET'93）
A.what B.when C.that D.which
( what 相当于“ the time that” ，表示“……时间 ”)
③He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？
( what 表示“……的人”，相当于“ the person that… ”)
④What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world．
( what 表示“……的地方”，相当于“ the place that… ”)
⑤Our income is now double what it was ten years ago
( what 表示“……的数目”，相当于“ the amount ／ number that… ”)易混知识：
易混1 that与what引导名词性从句的区别
what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而that在从句中不作任何成分且无实际意义。
What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.使得这本书如此出色的是作者
创造性的想象力。（What 引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语）
It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室了。（that
引导主语从句，在句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义）
易混2 whether与if引导名词性从句的区别
（1）whether／if（意为“是否”）引导动词后的宾语从句时，常常可以互换；引导主语从句时，若主
语从句位于句首，常用whether，不用if；引导表语从句和同位语从句常用 whether，不用 if。
I don't know whether/if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。（宾语从句）
Whether it is true remains a question.那是不是真的，还是个疑问。（主语从句）
The question is whether the newly formed committee＇s policy can be adopted.问题是这个新组建的委员会
的政策能否被采纳。（表语从句）
特别注意：
当it作形式主语，主语从句在句尾时，用whether 和if均可。
It hasn't been decided whether/if we shall hold a meeting.我们是否开会还没定下来。
（2）在下列情况下，只能用 whether：
①引导词后面直接加or not时
It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
［《牛津高阶》］
②引导介词后的宾语从句时
Everything depends on whether we made enough efforts.一切都取决于我们是否付出了足够的努力。
③引导词后接动词不定式时
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能告诉我是去还是留吗？
易混3 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
（1）从内容上讲，定语从句对先行词进行修饰限定，说明先行词的性质、特征等；而同位语从句是对
前面的抽象名词进行解释，进一步说明抽象名词的内容。
（2）从引导词上讲，that引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不在从句中充当任何成分，即 that 引导
的从句在结构和意义上均完整，且that 不能省略；但that引导定语从句时，主要起三个作用：一是连接作用；二是代替先行词；三是在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
（3）从被修饰的名词类型上讲，定语从句修饰的先行词可以是抽象名词，也可以是具体的名词或者
人；而同位语从句修饰的通常是idea，suggestion,possibility,demand, advice, proposal,news等抽象名词。
The news that he will go abroad is surprising.
他将出国的消息令人惊讶。（that引导的是同位语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）
The news that is going around on campus surprises me.正在校园里传播的那个消息让我很吃惊。（that引导
定语从句，不仅起连接作用，而且代替先行词The news在从句中充当主语）
巩固练习：
单句填空
1. In those lectures live streamed worldwide by China Media Group, the astronauts showed
viewers_________ they lived and worked inside the space station.
2．Haak，curator（负责人）of the exhibition，told Xinhua News Agency that she wanted to convey the
positive idea ___________art could connect people with different cultural backgrounds.
3.Explore and understand society in practice,and influence the people around us. That's _________the
meaning of the project lies.
4.In addition, __________impresses us most is that the quality of the clothes is reliable.
5. In the story, the king hides his identity and joins the Merry Men because he wants to see__________
Robin Hood is corrupt.
6.It gives us great delight _________Chinese science fiction novels are becoming increasingly popular.
7.__________ Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mom can insure him warm meals.
8.What made the school proud was __________more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key
universities.
9. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and __________it is rough or not.
10.You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of_______ you think
your real interests lie.
语法填空
Today, Qomolangma is not a lonely place any more. Many people have 1______(successful)climbed the
mountain over the past years.Meanwhile,climbers have complained about 2_________(wait) for hours at the
bottlenecks.
In fact,the large 3________ (crowd) aren't the only problem.All climbers need 4_________(bring) a lot ofgear （ 装 备 ） and much of them ends up being left on the mountain, which becomes the world’s
5________(tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is 6________ some mountaineers are taking it upon themselves to clean up
Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are members of an eco-organization which has been cleaning
up rubbish since 2008. So far they 7________(collect) over 13 tons of garbage.
Some of that garbage is even being used for 8________ higher purpose. A group of 15 artists in Nepal has collected 1.5
tons of garbage. They've changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have been exhibited 9________ Nepal's
capital. Part of the profit from sales 10______ (be) now available to the Qomolangma Summiteers Association, which has
helped collect tons of rubbish off the mountain.
