12 特殊句式
I.强调句
强调的类别 说 明 例 句
为了强调句
子的某一成 原始句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
分（通常是
强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth
主语、宾语
Palace last night.
或状语），
常用强调结 强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last
构： night.
It is (was) +被 强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film
强 调 部 分 last night.
+that(who)…
强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the
表示强调的it Youth Palace.
在这种结构
一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，
的
用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时
句子中作主 态，则用It was… that(who)…。
句的主语。
** 错误的表达式 **在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词
要与被强调者保持人称和数的
It is (was) +被强调 It is I who am a teacher.
部分+that(who)…
** 错误的表达式 **即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中
的谓语动词也用单数
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
** 错误的表达式 **在强调时间、地点、原因、或方式
状语时，不要用when,where,why
或 how ，而用that
注意点
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.
** 错误的表达式 **在强调not … until 结构中由 until
短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，
要用固定的强调句型
It is(was) not until ...that...。that 从句中的谓语动词用肯
定式。
My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came
home.** 错误的表达式 **在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分
时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序：
把is/ was提到it前面。
Did this happen in Beijing?
Was it in Beijing that this happened?
** 错误的表达式 **特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强
调，其强调结构是“被强调部分（通
常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/was + it + that/ who + 其
它部分?"
Where were you born?
Where was it that you were born?
** 错误的表达式 **not …until…句型的强调句[来源:学|
科|网Z|X|X|K]
句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它
部分
原始句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to
bed.
此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till,
until可通
用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that
后面的从句
要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
It is/ was … Do sit down. 务必请坐。
that …结构不
He did write to you last week.上周他确实给你写了信。
能强调谓
语，如果需 Do be careful when you cross the street.
谓语动词的强调
要强调谓语
过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
时，用助动
词do/ does或 此种强调只用do/does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时
did。 用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
II.省略句
类别 具体内容 例句These are John's books and those are Mary's
名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情
词
(books).
况可以省略
这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。
①如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前
文已出现，则可以省略。 at the doctor's 在诊所 at Mr. Green's 在
格林先生家
②名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是
指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词
to my uncle's 到我叔叔家 at the barber's 在
也常常省略。
理发店
①The lightning flashed and thunder crashed.电闪
雷鸣。
法 冠词的省略
（thunder前省略了定冠词the）
①为了避免重复
②She sings best in the class.她在班上唱歌唱得
②在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常
最好。
可以省略。
③Our teacher came in, book in hand.
③在某些独立主格结构中。
(=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.)
④在as引导的让步状语从句中，当
作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠 我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
词要省略。
④Child as he is, he knows a lot.
上
虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多
** 错误的表达式 **Both (of) the films were
interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
介词的省略
She invited both of us to her birthday party.
** 错误的表达式 **both 后常跟
她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
of 短语，其后可以接名词复数形
式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。 ②These shoes are worn out. They have lasted
接复数名词时，介词of可以省略， (for) a long time.
的
但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。
这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。
②在现在完成时表持续和重复的句
③Trees can prevent the earth (from) being
型中，一段时间前的介词 for 可以
washed away.
省略。
树能阻止泥土被冲走。
③和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的
介 词 ， consider... (as)..., prevent / Can you stop him (from) going swimming in
stop... (from)doing..., the river?
省 have trouble / difficulty... (in) 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？
doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等
I have some difficulty (in) answering the
中的介词可以省略。
question.
回答这个问题我有点困难。
①I consider him (to be) lazy.我认为他懒。
①有些动词，believe, find, think,
feel, consider, imagine, prove 等后作 His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.
宾补的结构。
他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
to be + n. / adj.中的 to be 可以省
②They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这略。 个男孩早睡。
②感官动词 see, hear, feel, watch, The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男
notice 等以及使役动词 let, make, 孩被迫早睡。
have后作宾补的动词不定式，
注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以
省略也可保留。
其中的不定式符号to要省略，但变
为被动结构时，to必须保留。
③在 can not but, can not choose but, ③We have nothing to do now but wait.
can not help but 之后的动词不定式
我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
一般不带to；but之前有实
I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦
义动词do的某个形式do, does, did,
佩他的勇敢。
done 时，也不带to, 否则要带to。
He has no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
④在并列结构中为了避免重复。
④I'm really puzzled what to think or say.
我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。
但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后
一个to不能省。
I came not to scold but to praise you.
⑤在why, why not 引导的特殊问句
我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。
中后跟省略to的动词不定式。
略 ⑤Why talk so much about it?为什么大谈这个事
⑥动词不定式中动词原形部分是否
呢？
省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现
过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现 Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？
过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句
⑥They may go if they wish to(go).
子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，
而保留不定式符号to。 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你
才可以去。
在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean,
pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish,
would like (love), try 等后跟动词不定式作宾
语，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。
—Will you go to the cinema with me?
你愿和我一起去看电影吗？
—Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to
(do it for you).
我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容词，afraid, glad, willing, happy,
eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。
—Will you join us in the game?
你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？
—Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 当
然，我愿意。
有些动词，tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite,
permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would
like,forbid 等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、
主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形，
保留动词不定式符号to。
He didn't come, though we had invited him to
(come).
尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。
注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词
have或be，则要保留be或have。
—Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？
—No, but I used to be (a teacher).不，我以前
是。
①What a hot day (it is)!多热的天啊！
句
简单句中的省略 How wonderful!多妙啊！
①感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。 ②—（Will you）Have a smoke?你抽烟吗？
②在一些口语中可以省略某些句子 —No.Thanks.不，谢谢了。
成分。
（Is there）Anything else to say?还有别的要
说吗？
并列句中的省略
①John must have been playing football and Mary
(must have been) doing her homework.
①如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的
法
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相
同的那部分。
②His suggestions made John happy, but (his
suggestions made) Mary angry.
②主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则
二者都可以省略。
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
③主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以
③Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,
省略主语。
but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
④在并列复合句中，如果
老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
that从句从属于第二个并列句且它
的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分
④Jack will sing at the party, but I know John
上
与第一个并列句相同时，这个that won't （sing at the party）.
从句通常可以省略这些相同的部
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚
分。
会上唱歌。复合句中的省略 复合句中的省略
▲名词性从句中的省略 ▲名词性从句中的省略
①作宾语的 what 从句中的谓语动 ①Someone has used my bike, but I don't know
词与主句的相同，则 what 从句可 who (has used it).
以省略谓语，甚至主语
有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。
He has gone, but no one knows where (he has
gone).
②有时候也可以根据说话的情景来 他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。
省略主句中的一些成分。
②（I'm）Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.
③在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、
对不起，让你久等了。
宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
中，从句谓语动词中的助动词 ③It's important that we (should) speak to the old
should可以省略。 politely.
▲定语从句中的省略 我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。
①在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的
关系代词that, which, who (whom)常
▲定语从句中的省略
可以省略。
①The man(who/whom)I saw is called Smith.
我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?
②关系副词 when, where, why 以及
that 在 the time(day, morning, 今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？
afternoon, evening, night, week,
②I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
month, year等) when, the place(desk, 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
table, room, spot, house, town,
The reason (why) he came so early is his own
country, school 等)where, the reason
affair.
的 why, the way that结构中引导限制性
定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可 他来这么早是他自己的事。
以省略关系副词 when, where, why,
The way (that) you answered the questions was
that。
admirable.
▲状语从句中的省略
你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语
一致，或状语从句中的主语是 it，
并且又含有 be 动词时，常可以省 ▲状语从句中的省略
略从句中的主语和be动词。
省
① 在 as, before, till, once, when,
while等引导的时间状语从句中。
②在though, although,等引导的让步
①While（I was）waiting, I was reading some
状语从句中。
magazines.
③在if, unless(=if... not)等引导的条
我一边看杂志，一边等。
件状语从句中。
②Though (they were) tired, they went onworking.
④在as, as if, as though 引导的让步 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。
状语从句中。
③You shouldn't come to his party unless (you
were) invited.
除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴
会。
⑤在 as(so)... as..., than 引导的比较
状语从句中。 ④He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的
那样去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.
他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。
⑤He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的
那样去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.
他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。
I know you can do better than he (can do).
我知道你能比他做得更好。
This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does).
这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。
III.倒装句
类 型 情 况 例 句
部分倒装 Not a word did I say to him.
（部分倒 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句 Never have I found him so happy.
子。
装是把 be
Little does he care about what I said.
动词、情 这类词或短语主要有 never, neither,
态动词、 I can’t swim. Neither can he.
nor,
助动词放
little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell
到主语之
sooner, not only,in no way,at no asleep.
前。如果
time,few, not,no等
句子中没 Hardly/Scarcely had he gone to bed when he
有这些词, fell asleep.Only by this means is it possible to explain it.
(介词短语)
Only then did I realize the importance of math.
(副词)
only+状语放在句首,要部分倒装
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he
able to get happily back to work. (从句)
注意:如果only后面不是状语,则不用倒装。
Only Wang Ling knows this.
I saw the film, so did she.
so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分
So loudly did he speak that even people in the
倒装
next room could hear him.
Not only does John love Chinese, he is also
“Not only+分句,but also+分句”句型 good at speaking it.
中的前一分句要部分倒装“Not only
但not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。
+ 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的
前一分句要部分倒装 Not only the mother but also the children
要在主语 are sick.
之前加助
Not until last week did they find the lost bike.
动 词 do/
(简单句)
does /did Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句
等,而把原 倒装 Not until my son had entered the university did
来的谓语 he realize the importance of time. (复合句)
动词变成
Proud as these nobles are, he’s afraid to see
原形放在
me.
主 语 之
后。） Tired as he was, he kept on running.
as/though引导的让步状语从句 Tired though he was, he kept on running.
=Though he was tired,he kept on running
Child as he is,he knows a lot.(注意：child前
没有冠词a)
在以often, well, many a time, now
and again Many a time has John given me good advice.
等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句 Often have we made that test.
子中,要用部分倒装结构
Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and
在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含
help you.
有were,
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go
had 和should 这三个词是，可省去
abroad.
if，将
Should he come (=If he should come), tell him
这些词移至主语之前。
to ring me up.
用于某些表示祝愿的句子里 May you succeed!There be 结构。另外,在此结构中可
There stood a dog before him.
以用来代替 be 动词的动词有:exist,
seem, happen, appear,live, rise, stand There exist different opinions on this question.
等
Here comes the old lady!
Then came the hour we had been looking
forward to.
“Here,There, Now, Then + come (或
There comes the bus.
be等) + 主语” 结构
Now comes your turn.
说明:本句型中there是副词,应重读,
除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的
强调地点。而前一句型中的 there是
均用一般现在时,表示一种生动的描述。其
引导词,本身没意义
次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。
Here you are.
There she comes.
In came Mr White.
表示方向的副词out, in, up, down 等
Up went the arrow into the air.
置于句首,要用全部倒装。
完全倒装
Away went the boy.
On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.
表示地点的介词短语 (如 on the
wall, under the tree, in front of the In front of the classroom is a playground.
house,in the middle of the room 等)放
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat
在句首时,要全部倒装
an old man.
Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a
headmaster.（形容词短语）
Such was the story he told me.（代词）
East of the city lies a new railway. (副词短语)
First to be completed was the seven-storey
其它形式的完全倒装
teaching building. (不定式短语)
Gone are the days when my heart was young
and gay. (过去分词)
Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. (现在
分词短语)
用于某些表示祝愿的句子里 Long live the People’s Republic of China!
Ⅳ祈使句和感叹句
1. 祈使句
祈使句常用于表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。
祈使句的肯定式、否定式和强调式祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般是在动词原形前加
don＇t，也可用副词never表示否定含义。变为祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
通过把注意力集中在听众上，克服公开演讲的恐惧。（肯定式）
Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds.
不要让狗或其他宠物在筑巢鸟类的区域随处乱跑。（否定式）
Do tell her the thing.务必告诉她此事。（强调式）
“祈使句＋ and／or／otherwise／or else＋陈述句”结构的用法
祈使句是后面陈述句的条件，陈述句多使用一般将来时。如果前后两个分句之间是顺承关
系，用连词and；如果是转折关系，用连词or或or else 或 otherwise。
Start out right away, or you'll miss the first bus.立刻出发，否则你会错过首班车。
2. 感叹句
感叹句常用来表示惊讶、赞美、喜悦等语气。
what引导的感叹句
数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
＋可数名词复数／不可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！
（＋主语＋谓语）！
What a strange plant! I've never seen it before.多么奇怪的植物！我以前从未见过它。
What lovely children they are!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！
What fun!多么有趣啊！
how引导的感叹句
How＋adj.＋a／an＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！How＋adj.／adv.（＋主语＋谓语）！
How＋主语＋谓语！
How useful a book it useful book it is！这是多么有用的一本书啊！
How fluently she speaks English!她英语说得多么流利啊！
How time flies!时间过得真快啊！
Ⅴ反意疑问句
反意疑问句也叫附加疑问句，指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问句，用于对陈述
句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，需要对方证实。反意疑问句由两部分构成：陈述部分＋疑问
部分。陈述部分是肯定句时，疑问部分用否定形式，且否定形式必须缩写；陈述部分是否定句时，疑问部分用肯定形式。即“前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定”。疑问部分的主语必
须用代词。陈述部分和疑问部分的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。
陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有 seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody等含有否定
意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。
There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there？
你心中几乎毫不怀疑他是无辜的，是吗？
特别注意：
如果陈述部分包含带有表示否定意义的前缀或后缀的单词，一般仍看作肯定句，其反意疑问
部分用否定形式。常见的否定前缀和后缀有：un-，dis-，im-，-less等。
Tom dislikes playing basketball,doesn't he?汤姆不喜欢打篮球，是吗？
陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
一般情况下，疑问部分应和主句保持一致。但当主句谓语是 think，believe，suppose，
expect，imagine， guess， be sure等词或短语，且主句主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语
和时态应与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。
I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，didn’t I？我告诉过他们并非每个人都能
跑得像你一样快，是不是？
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you？我们猜你已经完成这个项目了，是吗？
祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的疑问部分不表示反问，而表示一种语气。其结构为：
肯定祈使句，＋will／won＇t you？
否定祈使句，＋will you？
Let us...,+will you/won't you?
Let's...,+shall we/shan't we?
Close the window, will/won't you?
关上窗户，好吗？
Let's go to the bookstore, shall we?
我们去书店，好吗？
陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
（1）当must作“必须，一定”讲时，其反意疑问部分一般用must（n＇t）。You must leave now, mustn't you?
你得现在离开，是吗？
（2）当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的时态根据must后的动词所
表示的动作发生的时间而定，即还原到动词真实的时态后再进行反问。
You must have seen the film last night, didn't you？昨晚你一定看过这部电影了，是吧？
陈述部分的谓语含有used to 时，疑问部分用“used或did的对应形式＋主语”。
He used to take pictures there, didn't/usedn’t he?他过去经常在那儿拍照，是吗？
巩固练习
单句填空
1.Though_________(award) the "lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics",she seems not proud
at all.
2.As many scholars pointed out, however, it wasn't until the mid-20th century ________China
established its organized and concentrated network of medical and healthcare.
3.Absurd __________it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
4.No sooner __________Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous
applause.
5.Now the UK government is clearly saying it was James Goodfellow __________invented the
ATM.
6.It isn't what you have or who you are or where you are or what you are doing________ makes you
happy or unhappy.
7. ________fun it is having a cold drink after an exciting game!
8.While________(study) at the University of Cambridge, he was diagnosed with motor neuron （运
动神经元）disease at the age of 21．
9.So difficult________ he feel it to make such great progress without the help of his deskmate that
he was close to giving up.
10. If you happen to be in China on the day of Winter Solstice, go to the restaurant
early,________there will be no dumplings left.
语法填空
2022 witnesses the 350th anniversary of Rong Bao Zhai．The badge（徽章）for Rong Bao
Zhai uses the Chinese 1__________(character) of “three”,“five” and “zero".The character “three" isshaped like a book, 2________represents the products of Rong Bao Zhai.“Five”represents yin and
yang,and the circle of“zero”means eternity and hope for the future.
Rong Bao Zhai 3__________ (locate) in Beijing.Its woodblock printing skill is recognized as a
state-level intangible 4__________(culture) heritage. The technique is a combination of painting,
engraving and printing as 5___________ whole. It can be employed 6________ (create)artworks and
7_________(realistic) reproduce all kinds of Chinese calligraphy works and paintings. Among the
famous prints 8__________(be) The Night Revels of Han Xizai. The production took 8 years, using
over 1,600 woodblocks and taking over 6,000 times of overprinting, marking the peak of woodblock
printing.
Rong Bao Zhai pays special attention to collecting and protecting artworks. It has collected
thousands of works of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and is honored 9_______ "Tiny Palace
Museum". Over the years,the enterprise has also held various exhibitions and participated in
international art exchanges,10_________ (become) a bridge between Chinese traditional art and the
world.
