专题18 主语从句
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养，研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架，构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式
考点一 主语从句的基本知识
知识解构 知识点1 主语从句的定义 知识点2 引导主语从句的连接词 知识点3 句型 it 作形式主语的常见句型
考向破译 考向 考查主语从句的连接词
考点二 考查主语从句连接词的用法
知识解构 知识点1 连接词that 的用法 知识点2 连接词whether 的用法
考向破译
考向01 考查that 在主语从句中的用法 考向02 考查whether 在主语从句中的用法
考点三 考查主语从句连接代词的用法
知识解构 知识点1 what 在主语从句中的用法 知识点2 who/whom 在主语从句的用法 知识点3 whose 在
主语从句的用法 知识点4 which 在主语从句的用法 知识点5 复合连接代词
考向破译
考向01 考查连接代词what 的用法 考向02 考查复合连接代词的用法 考向03 考查连接代词which
和whose 的用法 考向04 考查连接代词who/whom 的用法
考点四 考查连接副词的用法
知识解构 知识点 连接副词when, where, how, why，whenever, however, wherever 等
考向破译
考向 考查主语从句中连接副词的用法
考点五 考查含有形式主语it 的主语从句的用法
知识解构 知识点1 It+is+形容词+that… 知识点2 It+is+名词+that… 知识点3 It+is+动词过去分词+that… 知识
点4 It+特殊动词+that… 知识点5 It+使令性动词+sb.+that...
考向破译
考向 考查形式主语it 的主语从句
考点六 主语从句中的主谓一致、语序及时态问题
知识解构 知识点1 从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式 知识点2 如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主
语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数 知识点3 主
语从句的语序 知识点4 主语从句的时态需根据具体语境判断
考向破译
考向 考查主语从句中的主谓一致
考点七 主语从句的虚拟语气
知识解构 知识点1 It is +形容词+ that 从句，从句谓语动词用 “should + 动词原形” 知识点2 It is +过去分
词+ that 从句，从句谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”
考向破译
考向 考查主语从句的虚拟语气
考点八 主语从句的易错点
知识解构 知识点1 that vs whether 知识点2 what vs that 知识点3 whether vs if 知识点4 连接代词 vs 连接
副词
考向破译
考向 考查主语从句中的易错连接词
考点九 主语从句的思维建模
命题透视·考情前瞻
核心考点
2026 年
2025 年
2024 年
主语从句
（2024 新课标I 卷）
what
宾语从句
（2024·全国甲卷）what
表语从句
（2024 浙江1 月卷）
what
同位语从句
（2025 北京卷）what
考情分析
题型与考向：从近三年高考试题来看，试题主要以语法填空的形式命题，题目中
等，以考查学生对基本句法知识和技能的掌握情况，强化语言运用能力和语境理
解。名词性从句更以隐性考查广泛存在于阅读理解长难句和应用文写作中。主语从
句是高考中的轮考点。
语法填空：
有些年份的选材涉及主语从句的相关知识，考生要根据主语从句的句法
知识和句子结构分析能力填出正确的连接词。
应用文写作
：
根据文章的提示，在恰当的时候，准确写出主语从句以表达自己的思
想和观点。
读后续写：
准确使用主语从句表达自己的观点和情感。
复习目标
1. 熟悉掌握主语从句的基本用法。
2. 重点掌握
易混易错的连接词：
that
和
whether
，
that
和
what
，
whether
和
if 。
3. 熟悉掌握形式主语
it 的
4 种主语从句常用句型
。
4. 熟悉主语从句的主谓一致、时态和语序规则。
——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式
考点一 主语从句的基本知识
知●识●解●构
知识点1 主语从句的定义：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常放在主句谓语动
词之前，但有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，也可用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句放在句末。
知识点2 引导主语从句的连接词：状语从句给句子提供了更具体的背景或情景信息，使句子表达更
加精确、丰富。
①从属连词：that, whether 。that 无词义，在从句中不充当任何成分，但引导主语从句时一般不能省略；
whether 意为“是否” ，在从句中也不充当成分，但不能用if 替换（if 引导主语从句时，只能用it 作形式
主语） 。
②连接代词：who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever, what, whatever 。这些连接代词在主
语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
③连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 。它们在主语从句中作状语，表示时间、
地点、原因、方式等。
知识点3 句型：it 作形式主语的常见句型
考●向●破●译
考向 考查主语从句的连接词
1． we will hold the sports meeting depends on the weather.
2．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
3．It remains to be seen this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.
4．But in this experiment they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
5． we learn from mistakes is the key to making constant progress.
6．Though we have only 3 flavors of ice cream, flavor she is fond of will be our gift for her.
考点二 考查主语从句连接词的用法（高考高频考点）
知●识●解●构
知识点1 连接词that 的用法
核心功能：无实际含义，只起连接作用，不充当从句任何成分；引导的主语从句语义完整，无需补充信
息。
关键注意点：位于句首时，that 不可省略（易错点）；位于it 作形式主语的句末时，that 可省略（常用形
式）；
主句谓语动词用单数。
1．It turned out years of jogging had a far-reaching influence on his fitness.
2．Just as I was going downstairs, it struck me I had left the door unlocked.
3． she passed the exam with flying colors surprised everyone in the class.
4．Now it occurred to him his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
5．It’s expected the company will hold more workshops to boost employees’ confidence.
6．It is important we should pay attention to details in our work.
that
①
引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可省略。
that
②
从句作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，常见的句型有：
1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，
certain，probable，etc.)＋that 从句。
2)It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that 从句。
3)It＋ be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that 从
句。
知识点2 连接词whether 的用法
核心功能：①有实际含义“是否”，②起连接作用，③不充当从句成分；④引导的主语从句语义不完整，
存在“是/否”的选择。
关键注意点：可位于句首，也可用于it 作形式主语的结构中；不可与if 互换（易错点：if 不能引导位于句
首的主语从句，也不能引导it 作形式主语、后面有or not 的主语从句）；常与or not 连用（whether...or
not），此时or not 可放在whether 之后或从句末尾。
1．My dad read a brochure about holidaying in the countryside, so he decided to call and see we
could book a farmhouse.
2． we can go on the trip depends on the weather this weekend.
3． he will go to attend the meeting himself or he will send his son to hasn’t been decided.
4．What I want to know is or not you have lost faith in me.
1．whether 和if 在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。
①与or 或or not 连用时只能用whether
②从句作介词宾语时只能用whether
2．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether 不用if。
3. 后接不定式时，只用whether。
Whether to take the job offer is up to you.是否接受这份工作由你决定。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查that 在主语从句中的用法
1． she managed to complete the marathon despite her recent injury was a testament to her
extraordinary determination and physical stamina.
2．It never occurred to me you could pass the driving test at the first attempt.
3．It happened I was standing right next to the stage when the performance began.
4．It's obvious some people pretend to understand just to avoid embarrassment.
考向二 考查whether 在主语从句中的用法
1．It remains to be seen recorded video courses can meet the demands of students of different levels or
not.
2． we invest in renewable energy now or continue to rely on fossil fuels will profoundly impact the
environmental and economic landscape for generations to come.
3． we can protect the ancient cultural relics well or not depends on the joint efforts of the whole society.
考点三 考查主语从句连接代词的用法（高考高频考点）
知●识●解●构
知识点1 what 在主语从句中的用法
含义：“……的事情”“……的东西”“……的内容”，在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语，指代事物。
1． made me realize the significance of these buildings was the knowledge I learned about ancient
Chinese architecture in university.
2． he said at the meeting left a deep impression on everyone present.
知识点2 who/whom 在主语从句的用法
含义：who“谁”（指人），在从句中作主语；whom“谁”（指人），在从句中作宾语（口语中可被who
替代）。
1． will take over the company has not been decided yet.
2． the teacher will praise depends on their class performance.
知识点3 whose 在主语从句的用法
含义：“……的”，表所属关系，在从句中作定语，后接名词，可指代人或物。
notebook was left on the desk is a question for the monitor.
whose 表所属关系，可以指物，也可以指人，由于学生的思维定势，往往习惯指人，忽视指物的用法。
知识点4 which 在主语从句的用法
含义：“哪一个”，表选择，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语，指代人或物（有明确的选择范围）。
team will win the game is a matter of public concern.
知识点5 复合连接代词（whoever/whatever/whichever）
含义：“无论谁”“无论什么”“无论哪一个”，表让步，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语，语气比普通连
接代词更强。
1． helps others sincerely will get respect in return.
表示“无论谁”用whoever，首字母大写。
2． we do should be good for the coexistence of humans and nature.
3． book you choose is fine with me.
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查连接代词what 的用法（高频考点）
1． started as a difficult challenge has turned out to be a valuable experience for all the team members.
2．After the fire, would otherwise be a cultural center is now reduced to a pile of ashes.
3． was once a getaway particularly for retirees is even becoming a desirable way for young citizens to
escape the busy urban life.
4． traditional Chinese calligraphy reflects is celebrated not just as an art form but as a philosophical
practice rooted in millennia-old (有千年历史的) spiritual traditions — the artist’s inner harmony with nature.
5．It is still unknown will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up.
6．At that moment, I witnessed was the beautiful way a mother’s love could ripple out into the
world.
考向二 考查复合连接代词的用法。
1． is willing to take responsibility and lead the team through this challenging project will earn
great respect from all of us.
2.___________ is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
考向三 考查连接代词which 和whose 的用法。
1． book is more interesting has been discussed in our reading group.
2． option is more suitable for our project needs further discussion.
3._________speech is the most popular depends on the reaction from the audience.
考向四 考查连接代词who/whom 的用法。
1． will win the English speech contest is still unknown.
2.________ we should ask for help is a problem.
考点四 考查连接副词的用法
知●识●解●构
知识点 连接副词when, where, how, why，whenever, however, wherever 等在从句中充
当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语 起连接作用，提示从句开始。有词汇意义，不
能省略。
含义：when“什么时候”（时间状语）、where“在哪里”（地点状语）、why“为什么”（原因状语）、
how“如何，怎样”，在从句中作方式状语，也可表示“多么”（修饰形容词/副词，表程度）。
1．It is a mystery he suddenly disappeared without any notice.
2． early buses leave the station largely depends on passenger demands.
3． we can find the best local snacks is a secret my grandma told me.
4. he presents his ideas is very persuasive and impressive.
考●向●破●译
考向 考查主语从句中连接副词的用法
1．Sometimes, we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.
2． he rode across the finish line in the cycling race was captured by the photographer.
3． she lives is still a secret.
考点五 考查含有形式主语it 的主语从句的用法
知●识●解●构
知识点1 It+is+形容词+that…：常见的形容词有known, clear, necessary, likely, unlikely, right,
wrong, important, certain, obvious, strange, natural 等。
That the earth turns around the sun is known to us all.
→It is known to us all that the earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。
Whether he will come or not is not clear.
→It is not clear whether /if he will come or not. 他是否要来还不清楚。
知识点2 It+is+名词+that…：常见的名词有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a mystery, a wonder, no
wonder, good news, common knowledge 等。
It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam. 他没有通过考试真遗憾。
It is a wonder that he survived the crash. 他从坠机事件中幸存下来真是个奇迹。
It is no wonder that he has achieved so much success. 难怪他取得如此大的成功。
知识点3 It+is+动词过去分词+that…：常见的过去分词有said, believed, reported, pointed out, hoped,
thought, decided, ordered 等。
It is said that he is a famous writer. 据说他是位著名的作家。
It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon. 据报道今天下午有暴风雨。
知识点4 It+特殊动词+that…：常见的特殊动词有seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make
a difference 等。
It seems that it is going to rain. 天看起来要下雨了。
It happened that I didn’t take any money with me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。
It occurred to me that I didn’t close the window. 我突然想起我没有关窗户。
知识点5 It+使令性动词+sb.+that...：常见的动词有worry, shock, surprise, satisfy, upset 等。
It upset him a lot that he was fired. 他被解雇了使他很难过。
It surprised me that she brought up three children on her own.她独自抚养三个孩子使我感到吃惊。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查形式主语it 的主语从句
1．It is widely recognised calligraphy is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.
2．It is surprising electronics has rapidly developed in these years.
3．It is obvious to the students they make good preparation for the coming examinations.
4．It remains to be seen the new regulations will lead to better compliance among all employees.
考点六 主语从句中的主谓一致、语序及时态问题
知●识●解●构
知识点1 从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
what 引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
知识点2 如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连
接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
注意：what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词的单复数通常由表语的数决定。这是高考高频考点。
What he wants is a new car.（表语 a new car 单数）
What he wants are new cars.（表语 new cars 复数）
知识点3 主语从句的语序：主语从句用陈述句语序。
知识点4 主语从句的时态需根据具体语境判断。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查主语从句中的主谓一致
1.（2026·河北省张家口市第一中学高三期中）What is inspiring _______（be）that some people are
情况
谓语动词
示例
单个从句作主语
一般用单
数
That he is honest is known to all.
what 引导的从句，表语为单数
单数
What he needs is a good rest.
what 引导的从句，表语为复数
复数
What we need are good books.
两个以上由 and 连接的从句
复数
When they will start and where they will go have not been
decided.
由多个连接词 + 主语 + 谓语
的单一从句
单数
When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided.
working on changing this situation now with the help of technology and introducing this instrument to more people.
2.What the Grade Three students in the mountain area need_______（be）books.
考点七 主语从句的虚拟语气
知●识●解●构
知识点1 It is +形容词+ that 从句，从句谓语动词用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略。
常见形容词：necessary, important, essential, urgent, advisable, natural, strange 等。
It is necessary that we (should) protect the environment. 我们有必要保护环境。
It is strange that he (should) refuse the invitation. 他竟然拒绝邀请，真奇怪。
知识点2 It is +过去分词+ that 从句，从句谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should 可省
略。常见过去分词：suggested, recommended, required, demanded, ordered, proposed 等。
It was suggested that the meeting (should) be postponed. 有人建议会议延期。
The leader urged that all members (should) attend the meeting. 领导力劝所有成员参加会议。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查主语从句的虚拟语气
1. It is requested that some measures ___________ (take) to stop “white pollution”.
2. As a parent, it is vital that you ___________ (teach) your child the value of money.
3. It is highly recommended that this book ___________ (revise) before getting published.
考点八 主语从句的易错点
知●识●解●构
知识点1 that vs whether（高频考点）
看从句语义：语义完整（无“是否”含义）→ 用that；语义不完整（有“是否”选择）→ 用whether；
看位置：从句位于句首，表“是否”→ 用whether，不可用if；从句位于it 作形式主语后，表“是否”→
可用whether 或if（但有or not 时只能用whether）；
特殊注意：that 引导的主语从句，主句谓语用单数；whether 引导的主语从句，主句谓语也用单数。
例句对比：
That he succeeded is beyond our expectation.（语义完整，用that）
Whether he succeeded is beyond our expectation.（语义不完整，表“是否成功”，用whether）
知识点2 what vs that（高频考点）
that：无含义，不充当从句成分，只起连接作用，从句语义完整；
what：有含义（“……的事情/东西”），在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，从句语义不完整（缺成分）。
例句对比（易错警示）：
That he said at the meeting is important.（错误：从句缺宾语，that 不能充当宾语）
What he said at the meeting is important.（正确：what 在从句中作宾语，指代“他说的话”）
That he spoke at the meeting is important.（正确：从句“he spoke at the meeting”语义完整，that 只起
连接作用）
知识点3 whether vs if（主语从句中）
主语从句中，whether 和if 的区别：
主语从句位于句首时，只能用whether，不能用if；
主语从句后接or not 时，只能用whether，不能用if；
例句对比：
Whether he will come or not is unknown.（正确：后接or not，用whether）
If he will come or not is unknown.（错误：后接or not，不能用if）
It is unknown whether/if he will come.（正确：it 作形式主语，无or not，可用if）
知识点4 连接代词 vs 连接副词
解题依据：从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 用连接代词；从句缺时间、地点、原因、方式状语 → 用
连接副词。
例句对比：
How we will get there is a problem.（从句“we will get there”缺方式状语 → 用how，连接副词）
What we will take there is a problem.（从句“we will take there”缺宾语 → 用what，连接代词）
When we will get there is a problem.（从句缺时间状语 → 用when，连接副词）
考●向●破●译
考向 考查主语从句中的易错连接词
1． we value traditional culture or ignore it will shape our cultural identity in the long run.
2． makes us truly happy is not wealth, but a meaningful life full of love and hope.
3． your professor expects from this assignment is not perfection, but evidence that you truly
engaged with the material.
4． he quit his high-paying job is not difficult to understand. He wanted to start up his own business.
5． our country was founded is a day we all should keep in mind.
考点九 主语从句的思维建模
思维建模
✅技巧1：判断是否为主语从句：看从句是否充当主句的主语（位于主句开头，或前面有it 作形式主
语）；
✅技巧2：分析主语从句成分：看从句中缺少什么成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语 → 连接代词；状语
→ 连接副词；不缺成分 → 连接词that/whether）；
✅技巧3：结合句意选择引导词：根据从句语义（是否表“是否”、是否表“无论……”、是否有选择范
围），匹配对应的引导词。
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2021 全国I 卷）_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2.（2020·江苏卷改编）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
3.
is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
4．
Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some say it was a
different place.
5．
we release that inner power for success is what we need to learn.
6．
It’s true inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t be completely
overlooked.
7.
the lifestyle is slower and healthier is the reason why some people prefer to live in the
country rather than in the city.
8．
he will go to attend the meeting himself or he will send his son to hasn’t been
decided.
