第 02 讲 冠词
内容导航
命题透视·考情前瞻
01 对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
思维建模·脉络梳理
02 搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
03
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 不定冠词
知识解构 知识点1 不定冠词a与an的基本用法 知识点2 抽象名词和物质名词具体化中的不
定冠词 知识点3 固定短语中的不定冠词
考向破译 考向 1 考查an和a的区别 考向02 考查短语中的不定冠词 考向03考查具有特殊
意义的不定冠词 考向4 考查抽象名词具体化的不定冠词
考点二 定冠词的用法
知识解构 知识点1 定冠词的基本用法 知识点2 固定短语中的定冠词
考向破译 考向01 考查定冠词表示特指 考向02 考查定冠词的特殊用法 考向03 考查短语
中的定冠词 考向04 考查句型中的定冠词
考点三 零冠词的用法
知识解构 知识点1 零冠词的基本用法 知识点2 常考零冠词短语
04 真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年
不定冠词 (2026年1月浙江卷)63 浙江首考a 全国甲卷a改为an
题the
定冠词 新高考I&II卷the;
新高考I卷the
浙江卷the;
短语中的冠词 (2024·新高考I卷)
61.for the first time
句型中的冠词 (2024年1月浙江卷)
64.one...the other
题型与考向:根据新高考三年的考情分析,冠词主要考查定冠词表示特指的用法和
不定冠词表示泛指的用法,这是冠词最基本的两种用法。考题有时兼顾固定短语中
的冠词。因为汉语中没有冠词的概念,所以冠词也是比较难的考点。关于冠词的用
法,我们要深刻理解抽象和具体,特指和泛指的真正含义,这样就掌握了冠词的精
髓。
主要在语法填空中考查:
语法填空:保持稳定1题或不考。
1.语境化加深:单纯记忆规律不足以应对当前考题,题目往往通过上下文暗示特指
或泛指。
考情分析
2.跨知识点融合:冠词常与名词性质、固定搭配和文化常识结合考查。
3.真实语料应用:试题多取材于真实语境中的常见表达,如”I earn 10 dollars an
hour as a supermarket cashier.”
复习目标 1. 构建 冠 词的 知识网络 。
2. 重点掌握 不定冠词、定冠词的 用法区别 。
3. 掌握包含不定冠词、定冠词的 基本用法和固定搭配 。
4. 注重冠词的分类训练、综合训练、语境化训练及限时训练。思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 不定冠词
知●识●解●构
知识点1 不定冠词a与an的基本用法
1.根据语境判断不定冠词表示泛指:(常考点)
(1)不定冠词与单数名词连用,泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。
(2)用于某人或某物的名字前,指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
(3)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
(4)a用在辅音开头的单词前,an用在以元音开头单词前【不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音】
(5)用于表示价格、速度、比率、时间、重量、长度等的单位名词前,表示“每一”,相当于every,
each或per。
(6)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时,加a或an。
2. 不定冠词a/an分析句子结构,发现空后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑用不定冠词
a/an。
易错提醒
1.深度理解不定冠词表示泛指:泛指就是指抽象的,不具体的信息,也就是对某事物没有详细具体的
信息。
【经典例题】(2003·上海春卷)An accident happened at crossroads a few metres away
from bank.
A.a…a B./ … a
C./ … the D.the…/
【答案】A
【解析】句意:一场事故发生在离一家银行只有几米远的十字路口。两个空都是泛指, 并不是特定的
那个十字路口, 或者那家银行。
【解读】深刻理解此句就解决了不定冠词表泛指的很多问题:An accident happened at a crossroads a
few metres away from a bank.一场事故发生在离一家银行只有几米远的十字路口。(形象解读:按照这句话提供的信息,你能找到那个银行吗?能找到那个十字路口吗?本句只让读者知道发生了一次意外事
故。这就是泛指,很多同学不理解抽象和泛指,本题是理解此点的永远的经典)
2.有定语从句修饰的名词不一定是特指,有时是泛指。
【经典例题】(2004·福建卷)It is______ world of wonders,______ world where anything can
happen.
A.a;the B.a;a
C.the;a D.不填;不填
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定冠词;句意:这是一个充满奇迹的世界,一个任何事情都能发生的世界。a world
of一个……的世界;第二空是同位语, 表示不确定。
【解读】虽然world后有定语从句where anything can happen修饰,但任何事情都能发生的那个世界
还没到来,是将来的一个世界,具有不确定性,是抽象的,是目前看不到的,所以用不定冠词表泛指,用
a。
It is a world of wonders, a world where anything can happen.
知识点2 抽象名词和物质名词具体化中的不定冠词
1.抽象名词具体化,使之具有了“一”的概念。
The house is full of joy.
The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a success. (一个成功的人或物)
He gave me a lot of pleasure.
It is a pleasure to work with you. (一件令人愉快的事情)
She looked up in surprise.
What a great surprise you gave me. (一件令人惊讶的事情)
Knowledge is power.
He has a wide knowledge of animals. (一门…的知识)
He received little education/ a good education. (一种…的教育)
2.某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用,而变成具体化的名词。例如
I like coffee.
Would you like a coffee? (一杯咖啡)
I has just had lunch.I has just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)
3.常用词的归纳
抽象名词 抽象名词具体化
beauty美 a beauty 美丽的人或事物
success成功 a success 成功的人或事
failure失败 a failure 失败的人或事
comfort安慰,舒适 a comfort 令人感到安慰的人或事
danger危险 a danger一个危险分子
surprise吃惊 a surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事
pleasure开心 a pleasure 令人感到高兴的人或事
wonder奇迹 a wonder 令人感到惊奇的人或事/奇迹
shock震惊,休克 a shock 令人感到震惊的人或事
honour荣誉,荣耀 an honour 令人感到荣耀的人或事
worry烦恼 a worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事
典例:(2021新课标I) While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 6 5 must to visit!
【答案】a
【解析】句意为:你在中国的时候,一定要去黄山!泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.
①所有学生都知道must是情态动词,意为:必须。但有些学生不知道其用作名词时,意为:一件必须要做
的事。
②此处考查抽象名词具体化。
知识点3 固定短语中的不定冠词
不定冠词的常考固定搭配
at a loss困惑,不知所措 as a result因此 as a rule通常,照例
as a matter of fact事实上 after a while一会儿后 at a distance离一段距离,从远处
all of a sudden突然 a waste of ... ……的浪费 a matter of ... ……的问题
a collection of一批…… a knowledge of (=know)知道 an understanding of (=understand)懂得
a great many许多 at a time每次 as a whole总的来说
after a while一会儿之后 have a good time玩得高兴 have a holiday度假
have a cold患感冒 have/take a rest休息一下 have a gift for有……的天赋
in a hurry匆忙地 in a word总之 on a diet节食
in a moment立刻 in a sense在某种意义上 have a population of有……人口
for a while暂时,一时 go on a diet节食 have a history of有……的历史get a lift/ride搭便车 make/earn a living谋生 once in a while偶尔
once upon a time从前 make an effort 努力 make an apology道歉
have a good time过得愉快 have a word with...与......交 take an interest in...对......感兴趣
谈
易错提醒
①一些易错固定搭配中的不定冠词:如:a waste of浪费……;a touch of “一点儿;少许”;be at a loss
不知所措 one(two, three....)at a time一次一个(两个,三个......)
②have a good knowledge of通晓a handful of一把,少数、几个、不多 eat at a mouthful 一口吃下;注
意handful,mouthful一类词,易误认为是形容词而出错。
考●向●破●译
考向1 考查an和a的区别
1.(2026·河南开封市高三年级第二次质量检测)Horses are associated with various virtues, including
perseverance, loyalty, and nobility. Linked to the element of fire in Chinese astrology, they become
iconic symbol of Chinese values and aspirations.
2.(2026·江西萍乡市高三二模)District Chief Chayapol said at the festival’s opening ceremony, “We hope to
take this festival as platform to promote cultural exchanges.”
3.(2026·河南南阳市押题卷(一))With time, the moat became muddy, giving off 219 unpleasant
smell.
4.(2026·山东省潍坊市高三上学期开学)I am not Sami, but in Sarek I've adopted some of their habits.
For example, this morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed over a fire, and some sweet berries that I found
growing near my tent.
5.(原创)Without second thought, he donated money to repair the damaged ancient bridge.
易错提醒
①区分用a还是用an看因素而不是看字母。unique中字母u发元音。
②序数词前加a或an表示“又一”,“再一”。
③用于某人或某物的名字前,指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
考向2 考查短语中的不定冠词
1.(2026·江西乐平市模拟)Today, the workshop produces wide variety of hats, numbering in the
thousands, which are exported to more than 30 countries and regions, including the United States, France, andJapan.
2.(2026·湖南部分学校高三一模)She highlights range of traditional arts, such as indigo dyeing (靛
蓝染色), wood carving, silver work, and paper cutting, which are characteristic of the mountainous area.
考向3 考查具有特殊意义的不定冠词
1.(2026·湖南长沙市雅礼中学高三模拟)The dish has also become hit on social media. Liuzhou has
implemented over 40 policies since 2016 to promote this local snack globally.
2.(2026·河南省新未来高三上学期9月联合测评)I often dreamed of dancing atop the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
— the “roof of the world”. This dream became reality when MUC (Minzu University of China) co-
organized a cultural trip with Minzu Huabao, a magazine documenting China’s ethnic minority culture, offering a
valuable opportunity to engage with the culture I had come to admire from afar.
考向3 考查抽象名词具体化的不定冠词
1.(原创)A man can fail many times, but he isn’t failure until he begins to blame somebody else.
2.(原创)It is pleasure to have an opportunity to take part in the competition.
思维建模
✅ 技巧1:首先看设空处后面是否有名词,有单数可数名词,表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词 a/an,此时
应该关注其后所跟词的第一个音素,如果是元音填an,如果是辅音,则填a。
✅ 技巧2:物质名词具体化。如,a surprise一件意外的事; a pleasure一件令人快乐的事
✅ 技巧3:序数词前的冠词活用。表示“再一,又一”。如:Can you give me a second chance,
please?你可以再给我一次机会吗?
考点二 定冠词的用法
知●识●解●构
知识点1 定冠词的基本用法
典型用法 示例
1. 表示双方都知道的人或物 Would you mind turning down the radio a little?请把收音机音量调小点好吗?
2. 表示特指的或上文已提到 Do you know the girl in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩么?
过的人或事物。
The book on the table is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。
3. 表示世界上独一无二的事 As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
物,如日月星辰地球等
The sun can damage your skin. 阳光能损伤皮肤。
4. 用在序数词前 He is the first person who knows the secret. 他是第一个知道这个秘密的人。
5. 用在形容词最高级前 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海市中国最大的城市之一。
6. 用于乐器的名称之前 She can play the piano quite beautifully. 她可以弹一手好钢琴。7. 用在姓氏的复数名词前表 The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours. 史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓
示一家人或夫妻俩
里。
The Greens will move to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。
8. 与形容词连用表示一类人 The injured were taken to the nearest hospital.受伤的人被送到了最近的医院。
9. 用在世纪、年代、时期或 The war broke out in the 1980s.战争爆发于20世纪80年代。
朝代的名词前
He lived in the Ming Dynasty. 他生活在明代。
10. 用在由普通名词构成的专 the United States of America美国 the People’s Republic of China 中国
有名词前
the Communist Party of China中国共产党 the United Nations 联合国
11. 江、河、湖、海、海峡、 the Yellow River 黄河 the Pacific Ocean太平洋
山脉、运河、岛屿等名词前
the Alps阿尔卑斯山 the Grand Canal大运河
12. 用于接触身体部位结构 She patted him on the shoulder. 她碰了他的肩。
13. 用于发明物的单数名词前 Who invented the telephone? 电话是谁发明的?
14. 用在表示方位名词之前 Jilin is in the north of China. 吉林位于中国的北部。
表示中国民族乐器的名词前通常不加冠词,如pipa(琵琶)、flute(长笛)、erhu(二胡)等。
知识点2 固定短语中的定冠词
定冠词the的常用固定搭配
at the same time同时 at the moment此刻 all the year round一年到头
all the time一直 at the age of...在...岁时 at the beginning/end of...在...结束时
by the way顺便问一下 go to the cinema去看电影 go to the doctor's去看医生
for the time being暂时 in the daytime在白天 in the end最后,终于
for the first time第一次 in the habit of习惯于 in the distance在远处
in the way挡路 on the whole总的来说 make the most/best of充分利用
on the right/left在右/左面 the other day前几天 on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话
to tell (you) the truth说实话 in the form of...以......的形 on the spot 在场;到场;立即;马
式 上;
with the help of...在......的帮助 the next day第二天 not in the least (=not at all)一点也不
下
on the way to...在去......的路上 on the eve of...在......的前 in the habit of...有......的习惯
夕
on the other hand...另一方面…… on the whole总的来说 to the point中肯,切题
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查定冠词表示特指
1.(2026·河南省百师联盟模拟预测)When she first came across online images of cashier-less convenience
stores and AI-managed traffic crossroads, she assumed they were purpose-built demonstration zones, because “itfelt very different from China I remembered.”
2.(2026·T8联盟新高考压轴训练(一))This is the set of Dream in Peony Pavilion, which is latest
dance drama directed by Li Xing.
3.(2026·四川省遂宁市二诊)It reminds us that curiosity about unknown is part of human nature, and
ancient stories are still attractive in the modern world.
考向二 考查定冠词的特殊用法
1.(2022年新高考II卷) ______ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
2.(2022年1月浙江高考卷)The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ______ blind because we
don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains.
1.根据语境判断定冠词表示特指(特指具体说就是指具体存在的东西,我们看得见的东西):
(1)用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
(2)用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。
(3)用于姓氏的复数前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
(4)用于形容词前表示一类人。
(5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前面。
2. 分析句子结构,发现空后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑用定冠词the。
考向三 考查短语中的定冠词
1.(2026·安徽合肥一六八中学等校高三最后一卷)In the Sui and Tang dynasties, drinking tea grew popular.
People ground green tea into grains about half size of a rice kernel (米粒), poured hot water over it and
stirred the liquid with a spoon.
2.(2021全国甲) It took us about 3 hours to go all ______ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
考向四 考查句型中的定冠词
1.(2022 年新高考Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National
Park(GPNP). Covering an area about three times ______ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one
of the first national parks in the country.
2.The new road built in this month is more than three times ______ width of the old one that was built
in 2011.冠词在固定句型中的运用
①主语+be+the size/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象
Our building is twice the height of yours. 我们的大楼是你们的大楼的两倍高。
②主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of/between...
He is the taller of the two. 他是两人之中较高的那个。
③ 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级
Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
④ one of+the+形容词或副词最高级
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄 河 是 中 国 最 长 的 河 之 一 。
思维建模
1.注意在句中的位置
在语法填空题中,空后是名词或者“形容词+名词”,且空前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限
定词时,很可能填冠词。
2.注意不定冠词a与an的区别
以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况:
(1)有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,该单词实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用 an, 如an hour、
an honest man。
(2)有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用 a,如a university、a
European country。
考点三 零冠词的用法
知●识●解●构
知识点1 零冠词的基本用法
1.季节、节日(用day表示的节日)、星期、三餐(前面没有修饰词时)等之前
Shall we go to visit our former teacher on Teachers' Day?
教师节那天我们去拜访以前的老师,好吗?
2.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时
As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论被证实是正确的。
3.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前
Learning anxiety is a common problem among senior three students.学习焦虑问题在高三学生中是一个普遍存在的问题。
4.球类、棋类、学科等名称前
I have been learning English for 8 years and I have computer experience.
我学英语8年了,而且有电脑经验。
5.称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前
He was elected monitor of our class.
他被选为我们班的班长。
6.在与by连用的交通工具名称前
At two o'clock in the afternoon, we'll gather at the school gate, after which we'll set out for the
destination by bus.
下午两点,我们将在校门口集合,然后乘公交车去目的地。
7.turn(变成、成为)后面的名词前不加冠词,但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词
My dream was to become a teacher when I grew up, but I turned writer 20 years later.
我当初的梦想是长大后当老师,结果20年后成了作家。
8.在一个以“普通名词+as”所引导的让步状语从句中,该名词前不加冠词
Student as he is (=Although he is a student), he earns a lot of money by selling goods online.
尽管他还是个学生,但他通过网上售货挣了很多钱。
9.泛指复数名词前不用冠词
Dogs are loyal animals.
狗是忠诚的动物。
10.school, prison, hospital前不加冠词,表示抽象的概念
Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike.
学校离家很近,所以我们可以一起骑车去上学。
知识点2 含有零冠词的高频短语
1. 不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”。
at risk 有危险 ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前
by mistake 错误地,无意地 by chance/accident 碰巧地 lose heart 灰心
catch fire 着火 at last最终 for example 例如
in debt 负债 in place 在恰当的位置 after school放学后
give way to 给……让路 in danger 处于危险之中 in order有序
take part in 参加 out of control 失控 set fire to放火
out of work 失业 face to face 面对面地 under repair 处于维修中on time按时 day and night 夜以继日地 heart and soul 全心全意地
take care of照顾 take pride in...以......为自豪 in time及时
with pleasure高兴地 come into power/effect开始执政/生效 take office就职
do harm to...对......有害 from morning till night 从早到晚 on purpose 故意地
in condition状况良好 at dawn/noon/dusk在黎明/正午/黄昏 in advance预先
2 固定搭配中有无冠词区别。
by day在白天 by the day按日计算
go to class/hospital/school上课/住院/上学 go to the class/hospital/school到课堂/医院/学校
in the front of在......的前面(在参照物里) in front of在......的前面(和参照物不相连)
in case of以防,万一 in the case of就某人或某事而言
in bed/church/prison/town睡觉/作礼拜/进监狱 in the bed/church/prison/town在床上/在教堂/在监狱里
in future今后 in the future将来
in sight of看见 in the sight of据......的见解
in place of代替 in the place of在......的地方
in charge of主管,负责 in the charge of在......的看管之下
in possession of拥有 in the possession of...被......所拥有
out of the question不可能 out of question毫无疑问
sit at table吃饭 sit at the table在桌旁
take advice征求意见 take the advice听从建议
take place发生 take the place of代替
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
考点01 考查定冠词的用法
1.(2026年1月浙江卷)My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I rememberbeing pushed in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster.
2.(2026·天津第一次高考改编)You’d better check the airport arrangement first, because ______ flight might
be cancelled due to heavy rain before you leave.
3.(2026·天津第一次高考改编)Grandma always told me those who know contentment are ______ happiest.
4.(2025全国一卷)Go is one of earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games.
5.(2025八省联考卷)Chinese plays an increasingly important role in (improve) communication and
考点02 考查不定冠词的用法
1.(2026·天津第一次高考改编)We’ve reached _______ agreement, when everyone feels exhausted but
motivated.
2.(2026·天津第一次高考改编)—I lost my ring under the sofa, but I found it finally.
— That’s _______ relief. I thought you might not find it.
3.(2025·天津第一次高考改编)The survey indicates that young learners have _______preference for
studying in small groups rather than working alone.
4.(2025年浙江 1月卷)The price of fashion – economically and environmentally – has led to the rise of
new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too.
5.(2023新课标I卷)The meat should be fresh with ____________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear
and delicious.
6.(2024年浙江 1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in
packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ____________
other stays fresh.