文档文本内容
2022
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)
英 语
本试卷满分100分 考试用时90分钟
第一部分 知识运用(共两节, 分)
30
第一节(共 小题;每小题 . 分,共 分)
10 1 5 15
阅读下面短文 掌握其大意 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中 选出最佳选项
, , 、 、 、 , 。
One Monday morning while the children were 1.A.caused B.spotted
,
enjoying free play I stepped to the doorway of C.checked D.imagined
“ ”,
the classroom to take a break.Suddenly I a 2.A.hesitantly B.randomly
, 1
movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the C.dizzily D.carefully
very door I guided the children through to 3.A.angry B.absent
2
ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill C.special D.noisy
寒意 go through my body. 4.A.courageous B.content
( )
My legs carried me to that door and I pushed C.unable D.unwilling
,
it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I 5.A.recover B.play
thought was that day. He had been dropped C.change D.wait
3
off at school late and was to open the door. 6.A.settle B.gather
4
He must have been waiting there for quite a C.arrive D.react
while Without a word I rushed him to the 7.A.sneeze B.weep
! ,
hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. C.complaint D.laughter
Hed need time to and wouldnt come for 8.A.lucky B.happy
5 ,
class the next day I thought. C.curious D.nervous
,
The next morning one of the first to was 9.A.show up B.pull up
, 6
my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with C.hold up D.line up
energy but his could be heard as loud as ever 10.A.gratitude B.forgiveness
, 7 !
I gave him a warm hug and told him how I was C.faith D.kindness
8
to see him. His words have stayed with me all these
years I knew you would open the door.
, “ ”
That cold Monday morning he waited a long
, ,
long while for adults to . To a child every
9 ,
minute feels like forever. He didnt attempt to walk
back home he waited and trusted. This five⁃year⁃
;
old taught me a powerful lesson in .
10
1第二节(共 小题;每小题 . 分,共 分)
10 1 5 15
阅读下列短文 根据短文内容填空 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 个恰当的单词 在给出
, 。 1 ,
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
。
A
Helen was walking down the street late the evening her arms filled with grocery bags.
11 ,
Focused on balancing the bags she didnt notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen
,
walked on she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention
, 12
harm her Helen started to run. Eventually the man catch up with her and he was
( ) , , 13 ( ) ,
only trying to return her wallet
!
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory increasingly support by
? , 14 ( )
experts suggests that smell preferences are learned. Its easy to explain how we determine
, 15
smells are dangerous or not we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks.
:
Gas naturally have no recognisable smell. However a strong smell is added so that we
16 ( ) ,
can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
Since people cant always eat out or cook for they they get takeout or order
17 ( ),
delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste especially plastic waste. That
,
includes cups bottles and bags most of are only good for one use. Thats a big problem
, , , 18
and it is getting even bad . The use of those plastics increase by % since
19 ( ) 20 ( ) 300
. The world wont survive if this situation continues.
2019
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 分)
38
第一节(共 小题;每小题 分,共 分)
14 2 28
阅读下列短文 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中 选出最佳选项
, 、 、 、 , 。
A
Peer 同伴 Assisted Study Sessions PASS is a peer⁃facilitated learning programme available
( ) ( )
to students enrolled 注册 in most core units of study in our business school.
( )
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem
sets based around a unit of study youre enrolled in.
,
PASS doesnt re⁃teach or deliver newcontent. Its an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the
key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group you decide what is covered in each
,
session. That way PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
,
Registration in Term will open at am September .
2 9 , 21 2022
Waiting lists
If a session is full you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes
,
available or if a new session is to be held.
2When you are placed on a waiting list we will email you a number which tells you where you
,
are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list you have a good chance of gaining a place in
,
the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row you will be deregistered and your place will be given
,
to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record
your attendance.
Youll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you
believe you have received the email in error email the PASS office at passoffice umbs.edu.
, @
21.In PASS students . C.Report their needs and feedback.
,
A.attend new lectures D.Email the office their numbers on the list.
B.decide their own schedules 23.Students will be deregistered if .
C.prepare problem sets in groups A.they send emails in error
D.use their skills to solve problems B.they fail to work interactively
22.What can students do if a session is full C.they give their places to others
?
A.Fill in the attendance sheet. D.they miss two sessions in a row
B.Sign up for the waiting list.
B
My name is Alice. Early last year I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled 削弱 my ability
, ( )
to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on constantly
,
staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this I wanted to
:
be perfect at whatever I did which obviously in life is not possible but it consumed me.
, ,
One day I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school.
,
His presentation not only awed and inspired me but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a
,
difference in the world. I joined a pre⁃presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed
me to slowly build up my courage to speak one⁃on⁃one with him an idea that had seemed
—
completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking
,
back I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would
,
have let pass but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I
,
received his invitation applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups
,
were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications and
,
soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these
new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and Ive realised that my biggest
obstacle 障碍 this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that
( )
one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential I cant. They say good
:
3things come to those who wait I say grab every opportunity with everything you have and be
; :
impatient. After all nature does not require our patience but our action.
, ,
24. What was the main cause for Alices D.She built up her courage to speak up.
anxiety 26.The activities Alice joined in helped her to
?
A.Her inability to act her age. become more .
B.Her habit of consumption. A.intelligent B.confident
C.Her desire to be perfect. C.innovative D.critical
D.Her lack of inspiration. 27.What can we learn from this passage
?
25.How did Grant Browns presentation influence A.Practice makes perfect.
Alice B.Patience is a cure of anxiety.
?
A.She decided to do something for nature. C.Action is worrys worst enemy.
B.She tasted the sweetness of friendship. D.Everything comes to those who wait.
C.She learned about the harm of desire.
C
What would the world be if there were no hunger Its a question that Professor Crystal
“ ?”
would ask her students. They found it hard to answer she wrote later because imagining something
, ,
that isnt part of real life and learning how to make it real is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and
— —
engineers but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that and helped to create a
, ,
global movement. The result an approach known as systems thinking is now seen as essential in
— —
meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because
it requires considering the way in which food is produced processed delivered and consumed and
, , ,
looking at how those things intersect 交叉 with human health the environment economics and
( ) , ,
society. According to systems thinking changing the food system or any other network requires
, — —
three things to happen. First researchers need to identify all the players in that system second they
, ; ,
must work out how they relate to each other and third they need to understand and quantify the
; ,
impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security the number of undernourished
,
营养不良 people in the world has been rising despite great advances in nutrition science.
( ) ,
Tracking of biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between
150
calories sugar fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial
, ,
intelligence some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least biochemicals and
, 26,000 —
that the vast majority are not known.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the
system has equal power. But as some researchers find the food system is not an equal one. A good
,
way to redress 修正 such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach
( )
students how to think using a systems approach.
4More researchers policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look
,
beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions
alone dont produce results but concluded that well never produce results that we cant envision.
, “ ”
28.The author uses the question underlined in clarified.
Paragraph to . C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition
1
A.illustrate an argument problem.
B.highlight an opinion D.The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
C.introduce the topic 30.As for systems thinking which would the
,
D.predict the ending author agree with
?
29.What can be inferred about the field of nutrition A.It may be used to justify power imbalance.
?
A.The first objective of systems thinking hasnt B.It can be applied to tackle challenges.
been achieved. C.It helps to prove why hunger exists.
B.The relationships among players have been D.It goes beyond human imagination.
D
Quantum 量子 computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me
( )
articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as
humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quantum⁃computing experts. One is computer scientist
Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip
Taylor.
For decades quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now big tech
, ,
companies have invested in quantum computing as have many smaller ones. According to Business
,
Weekly quantum machines could help us cure cancer and even take steps to turn climate change in
, “ ,
the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype 炒作 that annoys Johnson. He worries that
” ( )
researchers are making promises they cant keep. Whats new Johnson wrote is that millions of
“ ,” , “
dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.
”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding researchers may mislead investors
, ,
journalists the public and worst of all themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant
, , ,
keep their promises excitement might give way to doubt disappointment and anger Johnson warns.
, , ,
Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum
computing makes it especially prone to hype Johnson suggests perhaps because quantum stands
, , “‘ ’
for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor who
” ,
suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my
,
questions about PyQuantum the firm he co⁃founded in . Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about
, 2016
hype but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
,
The company he says is closer than any other firm by a very large margin 幅度 to
, , “ ( )”
building a useful quantum computer one that solves an impactful problem that we would not
“ ” , “
5have been able to solve otherwise. He adds People will naturally discount my opinions but I
” , “ ,
have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.
”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition by a wide margin as Taylor claims
“ ”, ?
I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum
computers. But I trust Taylor just as I trust Johnson.
,
31.Regarding Johnsons concerns the author feels Paragraph most probably mean
, 3 ?
. A.Open. B.Cool.
A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.Useful. D.Resistant.
C.doubtful D.excited 34. Which would be the best title for the
32.What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum passage
?
computing A.Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor
? ?
A.His dominance in physics. B.Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology
?
B.The competition in the field. C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into
C.His confidence in PyQuantum. Being
?
D.The investment of tech companies. D.Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its
33.What does the underlined word prone in Hype
“ ” ?
第二节(共 小题;每小题 分,共 分)
5 2 10
根据短文内容 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多
, 。
余选项
。
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures we
,
tend to ignore our health. It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
35
We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly if we are healthy we shall naturally
36 ,
be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given
time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body which is ready to be targeted by
,
viruses. This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is
37
not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. For instance we
38 ,
must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for
different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of
,
sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune 免疫 system and protects us against diseases.
( )
This in turn gives us new goals of health and fitness.
39 , ,
A.Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B.Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C.It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D.For instance we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
,
E.If we keep our body fit we can enjoy life in a better manner.
,
6F.There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G.This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节, 分)
32
第一节(共 小题;第 、 题各 分,第 题 分,第 题 分,共 分)
4 40 41 2 42 3 43 5 12
阅读下面短文 根据题目要求用英文回答问题
, 。
Tom a ⁃year⁃old inventor and entrepreneur 创业者 witnessed at his own school the widespread
, 15 ( ),
consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and
decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home fruit infused 浸泡 water.
: ( )
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take⁃along option.
From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options he came up with his
,
original model for the Fun Bottle. I wanted to come up with a healthy natural way for people to
“ ,
drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks Tom
,”
explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer 滤网 that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the
( )
various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water without any of the seeds or skins
,
flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores
,
but this ⁃year⁃old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to
15
provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks and also Tom donates part of the profits to the
;
Organisation for a Healthier Generation OHG .
( )
Tom has been awarded several prizes but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked
,
what advice hed give other entrepreneurial youth he says Prepare and have your familys support.
, , “
It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows and there is no such
,
thing as overnight success.
”
40.What did Tom witness at his own school
?
41.Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle
?
42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why.
,
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only
provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
43.Among Toms qualities which one s do you think will be important for us Why In about
, ( ) ? ? (
words
40 )
7第二节( 分)
20
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华 你打算邀请英国好友 Jim 为你们班做一次关于英语写作
。
的线上经验交流 请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件 内容包括
。 , :
.建议交流的具体内容及其原因
1 ;
.交流时间和其他相关事项
2 。
注意 .词数 左右
:1 100 ;
.开头和结尾已给出 不计入总词数
2 , 。
Dear Jim
,
Yours
,
Li Hua
8