专题10 词根词缀词汇→ 【 暴力速记·词根书】
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记(完形+语法填空必考·占比69%)
知识解构
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族(完形填空最高频,年均考查占比31%)
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族(语法填空词性转换核心,年均考查占比22%)
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族(阅读词义猜测高频,年均考查占比16%)
考向破译
考向01 词根推导词义考向(完形填空词义辨析·拉分核心,适配2024-2026 新高考真题)
考向02 词缀词性转换考向(语法填空变形满分技巧,适配2024-2026 新高考真题)
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记(阅读七选五+短文改错必考·占比21%)
知识解构
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族(阅读干扰项高频陷阱,年均考查占比9%)
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族(短文改错、语法填空双重必考,年均考查占比7%)
知识点3 复合衍生词词族(七选五同义替换核心,年均考查占比5%)
考向破译
考向01 前缀语义反差辨析考向(阅读推理题解题技巧,适配2024-2026 新高考真题)
考向02 后缀词性改错考向(短文改错高频失分点,适配2024-2026 新高考真题)
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记(读后续写+应用文写作提分·占比10%)
知识解构
知识点1 情感态度类派生词(写作高级替换词,年均考查占比4%)
知识点2 社会科技类派生词(阅读C/D 篇主题核心词,年均考查占比3.5%)
知识点3 文化环保类派生词(新高考热点主题词,年均考查占比2.5%)
考向破译
考向01 派生词同义替换写作考向(读后续写升级句式,配2025 新高考I 卷写作真题)
考向02 词根词缀词义猜测考向(阅读超纲派生词汇突破,配2024 新高考II 卷真题)
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026 年
2025 年
2024 年
词根派生核心词汇
新高考I/II 卷合计11 题;完
形动作词根、语法填空思维
词根为主,大量抽象派生词
辨析
新高考I/II 卷合计9 题;
侧重基础动作词根,词
性转换难度中等
新高考I/II 卷合计8 题;
简单词根为主,词义直
白,辨析难度低
词缀变形拓展词汇
新高考I/II 卷合计7 题;否
定前缀陷阱增多,复合词七
选五同义替换集中考查
新高考I/II 卷合计6 题;
后缀改错占比提升,反
向前缀少量出现
新高考I/II 卷合计5 题;
仅基础否定前缀、名词
后缀常规考查
熟词派生写作词汇
新高考I/II 卷写作全部要求
高阶派生词替换;阅读科
技、环保派生热词占比暴涨
新高考I/II 卷写作鼓励派
生词升级;阅读社会类
派生词汇为主
新高考I/II 卷写作以基础
词汇为主,派生词汇仅
少量加分
词根词义猜测词汇
新高考I/II 卷合计6 题;长
难句抽象派生词汇,无原生
超纲词,全部依托词根推导
新高考I/II 卷合计5 题;
科普文本派生词为主,
推导难度适中
新高考I/II 卷合计4 题;
记叙文本简单派生词,
极易推导
考情分析
1. 题型与考向分布
完形填空:核心考查词根派生词汇词义辨析,动作、思维词根词族占70%,选项
多为同词根不同词缀派生词,是笔试最大拉分板块,侧重区分近义派生词汇语义差
异。
语法填空:专攻词缀词性转换,名词、形容词、副词后缀变形为固定必考,依托词
根基础词变换词性,3-4 道固定变形题,属于保底得分题型。
阅读理解(含七选五):以否定前缀、复合衍生词为主,超纲词全部为词根词缀组
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
合派生,词义猜测题直接依托词根拆解解题;七选五答案常是原文词汇的派生词同
义替换。
短文改错:高频考查后缀词性误用、否定前缀逻辑错误,形容词/副词后缀混淆、
un-/dis-前缀误用是最高频改错陷阱。
书面表达(应用文+读后续写):情感、科技、环保类派生词作为高分替换词,替
代简单基础词,提升作文档次,新高考阅卷明确派生词为加分亮点。
2. 整体命题趋势
1.单纯基础单词考查占比持续下降,词根词缀派生词汇考查占比逐年上涨,命题弱
化机械背诵,强化构词逻辑推导能力。
2.词汇考查分层明显:基础词根保底,复杂词缀辨析区分中档与高分学生,抽象复
合派生词作为压轴难点。
3.紧扣新课标情境:科技、环保、文化、心理类词根词族逐年增多,所有派生词汇
均源于考纲基础词根,无原生超纲单词。
4.跨题型融合:同一词根词族同时出现在完形、阅读、写作,要求学生一词多形、
一词多义完整掌握。
复习目标
1.吃透三大类核心词根(动作、思维、时空),掌握120 组高考高频词根词族,做
到见词根推词义,实现阅读陌生派生词汇秒拆解。
2.熟记全部高考必考前后缀(否定、词性、复合类),精准区分同词根不同词缀语
义差异,攻克语法填空词性转换、短文改错词缀陷阱,变形零失误。
3.积累情感、科技、文化三大主题派生词写作素材,熟练用派生词替换基础词汇,
提升读后续写、应用文文采,拉开作文分差。
4.建立“词根+前缀+后缀”暴力速记体系,摆脱孤立背单词,实现词汇批量串联记
忆,大幅提升背诵效率,适配笔试全题型词汇考查需求。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
知●识●解●构
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
01 port 运:import 进口;export 出口;portable 便携;transport 运输;transportation 交通
固定搭配:import goods 进口商品;export products 出口产品;public transportation 公共交通
易错点:区分import(进口,入)与export(出口,出),词首im-/ex-方向易混淆;portable 为形容词,勿
误用为名词
例句:The factory imports raw materials and exports finished products overseas.(这家工厂进口原材料,向海
外出口成品。)
同义词:transport=carry;portable=convenient
02 port 运:support 支持;supporter 支持者;passport 护照;deport 驱逐;report 报道
固定搭配:support sb. in sth. 在某方面支持某人;deport illegal immigrants 驱逐非法移民
易错点:support 可作动词/名词,无复数;supporter 指人,supportive 为形容词易混淆
例句:Most citizens support the new policy and many media report its advantages.(大多数市民支持新政策,多
家媒体报道了其优势。)
同义词:support=back;report=cover
03 dict 说:predict 预测;predictable 可预测;dictate 口述;contradict 反驳;indicate 表明
固定搭配:predict the trend 预测趋势;contradict one’s words 自相矛盾;indicate a problem 暗示问题
易错点:contradict 是及物动词,直接接宾语,无需加介词;predictable 形容事物,predicted 形容人预判的
结果
例句:The data indicates that the result is predictable and no one can contradict the fact.(数据表明结果可预
判,无人能否认这一事实。)
同义词:predict=forecast;indicate=show
04 dict 说:verdict 判决;dictionary 词典;addict 沉迷;addiction 瘾;indicative 指示的
固定搭配:a guilty verdict 有罪判决;be addicted to 沉迷于;be indicative of 预示、表明
易错点:addict 多作名词(成瘾者),be addicted to(形容词短语)为固定搭配,勿漏to
例句:His attitude is indicative of his addiction to online games.(他的态度表明他沉迷网络游戏。)
同义词:verdict=judgment;addiction=obsession
05 spect 看:respect 尊重;inspect 检查;suspect 怀疑;perspective 视角;prospect 前景
固定搭配:respect sb. 尊重某人;inspect equipment 检查设备;from a new perspective 从新视角
易错点:suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人做某事,介词固定用of;prospect 表“前景”多用复数prospects
例句:We should respect different perspectives and inspect the prospect of the project carefully.(我们要尊重不
同视角,审慎考察项目前景。)
同义词:inspect=check;suspect=doubt
06 spect 看:aspect 方面;expect 期待;expectation 期望;inspector 检查员;spectator 观众
固定搭配:every aspect of life 生活各方面;expect to do sth. 期待做某事
易错点:expect 后接不定式,不接doing;spectator 特指现场观众,区别于audience(听众/影视观众)
例句:Spectators expect high performance in every aspect of the competition.(观众期待比赛各方面都有出色表
现。)
同义词:aspect=side;expect=anticipate
07 mit 送:transmit 传输;submit 提交;admit 承认;commit 承诺;commitment 投入
固定搭配:submit to 服从/提交;admit doing sth. 承认做过某事;commit oneself to 致力于
易错点:submit to 中to 是介词,后接名词/动名词;commit 表“犯错”时常用commit a mistake
例句:He admitted his fault and committed to transmit the report on time.(他承认错误,并承诺按时提交报
告。)
同义词:submit=hand in;transmit=send
08 mit 送:permit 允许;permission 许可;emit 发射;omit 省略;remit 汇款
固定搭配:permit doing sth. 允许做某事;ask for permission 申请许可;emit smoke 排烟
易错点:permit 动词用法后接doing,名词permission 不可数;omit to do sth. 遗漏做某事
例句:The factory is not permitted to emit waste gas or omit any safety procedure.(工厂禁止排放废气,不得省
略任何安全流程。)
同义词:permit=allow;emit=release
09 cess 走:process 进程;progress 进步;recess 休息;access 通道;accessible 易获得
固定搭配:in the process 在进程中;make progress 取得进步;have access to 有权使用
易错点:progress 为不可数名词,无复数;accessible 搭配be accessible to sb. 对某人可获取
例句:Students have access to learning resources to make steady progress in the study process.(学生可获取学习
资源,在学习进程中稳步进步。)
同义词:progress=advancement;accessible=available
10 cess 走:success 成功;succeed 成功;excess 过量;recede 后退;precede 先于
固定搭配:succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事;in excess of 超过;recede from 从…后退
易错点:succeed 是动词,success 是名词,successful 是形容词,词性易混用;precede 侧重“时间/顺序在
先”
例句:Hard work precedes success, and laziness will lead to excess pressure.(努力先于成功,懈怠只会带来多
余压力。)
同义词:succeed=achieve;recede=retreat
11 press 压:pressure 压力;depress 使沮丧;depression 抑郁;express 表达;impress 留下印象
固定搭配:under pressure 处于压力下;express oneself 表达自我;impress sb. 打动某人
易错点:depress 是动词,depression 是名词(情绪/经济低迷);be impressed by 对…印象深刻
例句:He tried to express his feelings to relieve pressure and avoid depression.(他努力抒发情绪,缓解压力、
避免低落。)
同义词:pressure=stress;impress=affect
12 press 压:impression 印象;compress 压缩;oppress 压迫;suppress 压制;expressly 明确地
固定搭配:leave a good impression 留下好印象;compress data 压缩数据
易错点:oppress 侧重“强权压迫”,suppress 侧重“压制情绪、言论”,语义易混淆
例句:The rule expressly forbids oppressing workers or suppressing reasonable demands.(条例明确禁止压迫员
工、压制合理诉求。)
同义词:compress=condense;impression=feeling
13 tract 拉:attract 吸引;attraction 吸引力;contract 合同;abstract 抽象;subtract 减去
固定搭配:attract attention 吸引注意力;sign a contract 签订合同;subtract from 从…减去
易错点:subtract 固定搭配subtract A from B(从B 中减去A);abstract 可作形容词/名词/动词
例句:The scenic spot attracts tourists, and its abstract design is written in the contract.(该景点吸引游客,其抽
象设计已写入合同。)
同义词:attract=draw;subtract=deduct
14 tract 拉:distract 分心;extract 提取;attractive 迷人;contractor 承包商;tractor 拖拉机
固定搭配:distract sb. from doing sth. 使某人分心;extract nutrients 提取营养
易错点:distract 多与from 搭配,切勿混用to;extract 侧重“萃取、提炼”实物/信息
例句:Noise will distract students from studying, so we extract effective learning methods.(噪音会让学生学习
分心,因此我们提炼高效学习方法。)
同义词:distract=divert;extract=obtain
15 vis 看:visible 可见;invisible 隐形;visit 参观;supervise 监督;visual 视觉的
固定搭配:visible to the naked eye 肉眼可见;supervise work 监督工作;visual effect 视觉效果
易错点:invisible 为visible 绝对否定,无程度差异;supervise 是及物动词,直接接宾语
例句:Microbes are invisible to us, but we can supervise their activity via visual equipment.(微生物肉眼不可
见,但我们可通过视觉设备监测其活动。)
同义词:visible=observable;supervise=monitor
16 vis 看:vision 视野;revise 复习;revision 修订;television 电视;visualize 想象
固定搭配:broaden one’s vision 开阔视野;revise notes 复习笔记;visualize the scene 想象场景
易错点:revise 侧重“复习、修订”,区别于review(单纯回顾);vision 表“视野、愿景”不可数
例句:We need to revise our plan and visualize the future to widen our vision.(我们需要修订计划、畅想未
来,拓宽视野。)
同义词:vision=sight;revise=modify
17 scrib 写:describe 描述;description 描写;prescribe 开药方;subscribe 订阅;manuscript 手稿
固定搭配:describe sth. as 把某物描述为;subscribe to 订阅/赞同;prescribe medicine 开药
易错点:subscribe to 中to 为介词,后接名词;prescribe 多用于医疗、官方指令场景
例句:The doctor prescribed treatment, and the writer described it in his manuscript.(医生开具诊疗方案,作者
将其记录在手稿中。)
同义词:describe=depict;subscribe=follow
18 pend 挂:depend 依靠;dependent 依赖;independ 独立;suspend 暂停;expend 花费
固定搭配:depend on 依靠、取决于;be dependent on 依赖;suspend work 停工
易错点:depend 为不及物动词,必须加on;independent 是形容词,independence 为名词易混
例句:We should not depend on others and suspend laziness to pursue independence.(我们不应依赖他人,摒弃
惰性、追求独立。)
同义词:depend=rely;suspend=pause
19 pend 挂:expense 开销;append 附加;appendix 附录;pending 待定;compensate 补偿
固定搭配:at one’s expense 自费;append notes 附加注释;compensate for 弥补
易错点:expense 表“开销”多用复数expenses;pending 可作形容词(待定的)、介词(在…期间)
例句:We append data in the appendix and compensate for extra expenses.(我们在附录中补充数据,并补偿额
外开销。)
同义词:expense=cost;compensate=make up
20 ven 来:convene 召集;convention 惯例;prevent 阻止;invent 发明;invention 创造
固定搭配:convene a meeting 召集会议;follow the convention 遵循惯例;prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做
易错点:prevent 后接from doing,被动语态from 不可省;invent 侧重“发明新事物”,区别于discover
(发现已有事物)
例句:We convene meetings to prevent mistakes and invent new practical methods.(我们召集会议规避失误,
研发实用新方法。)
同义词:convene=call;prevent=stop
21 ven 来:adventure 冒险;revenue 收入;intervene 干预;convenient 方便;convenience 便利
固定搭配:take an adventure 冒险;intervene in 干预;for convenience 为方便起见
易错点:convenient 主语只能是事物,不能是人;revenue 多指企业、国家财政收入
例句:The platform brings convenience and stable revenue without unnecessary intervention.(该平台带来便利
与稳定收益,无需多余干预。)
同义词:convenient=handy;revenue=income
22 fer 携带:transfer 转移;refer 参考;prefer 偏爱;offer 提供;suffer 遭受
固定搭配:transfer to 转移到;refer to 参考/提及;prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做…不做…
易错点:refer to 无被动误用;prefer 本身含比较含义,不与more 连用
例句:I prefer to refer to materials rather than suffer losses from blind transfer.(我宁愿查阅资料,也不愿因盲
目转接遭受损失。)
同义词:transfer=move;offer=provide
23 fer 携带:sufferance 容忍;differ 不同;difference 差异;infer 推断;confer 商议
固定搭配:differ from 不同于;infer from 从…推断;confer with sb. 与某人商议
易错点:differ 是不及物动词,搭配from/in;infer 侧重“根据线索推导结论”
例句:We confer with teammates to infer the difference between the two plans.(我们与队友商议,推导两个方
案的差异。)
同义词:differ=vary;infer=deduce
24 pose 放置:expose 暴露;exposition 展览;compose 创作;depose 罢免;oppose 反对
固定搭配:be exposed to 暴露于;compose a poem 写诗;oppose sth. 反对某事
易错点:oppose 是及物动词,无需加to;be opposed to(形容词短语)表反对,需加to
例句:He opposes exposing children to danger and composes works for the exposition.(他反对让孩子置身危
险,并为展览创作作品。)
同义词:expose=reveal;oppose=resist
25 pose 放置:propose 提议;suppose 假设;dispose 处理;deposit 存放;composition 作文
固定搭配:propose doing sth. 提议做某事;dispose of 处理、丢弃;deposit money 存钱
易错点:suppose 用于句首表“假设”,相当于if;dispose 必须搭配of 才可接宾语
例句:I propose we dispose of waste properly and deposit funds for the project.(我提议妥善处理废弃物,并为
项目存入资金。)
同义词:propose=suggest;dispose=deal with
26 move 移动:remove 移除;remote 遥远;motion 动作;promote 提升;demote 降级
固定搭配:remove obstacles 清除障碍;promote sb. 提拔某人;in motion 运转中
易错点:remote 形容距离、关系遥远,不形容时间;promote 无“升职”外的移动含义
例句:We remove negative factors to promote progress and avoid demotion.(我们清除消极因素,推动进步、
避免降级。)
同义词:remove=eliminate;promote=advance
27 move 移动:mobile 移动;mobilize 动员;emotion 情绪;movement 运动;commute 通勤
固定搭配:mobile phone 手机;mobilize resources 调动资源;commute to work 通勤上班
易错点:commute 特指“往返通勤”,不可用于单次出行;emotion 泛指各类情绪
例句:People commute daily, and positive emotions mobilize people’s enthusiasm.(人们每日通勤,积极情绪
能调动人的积极性。)
同义词:mobile=portable;commute=travel
28 draw 拉:withdraw 撤回;draft 草稿;attract 吸引;contract 收缩;drawback 缺点
固定搭配:withdraw from 退出、撤回;draft a plan 草拟方案;have a drawback 有缺陷
易错点:withdraw 过去式/过去分词为withdrew/withdrawn,变形易错;drawback 侧重“事物固有缺点”
例句:We withdraw the imperfect draft and fix its main drawback.(我们撤回不完善的草稿,修正其核心缺
陷。)
同义词:withdraw=retract;drawback=disadvantage
29 run 流动:current 当前;occur 发生;recur 重现;excursion 短途出行;currency 货币
固定搭配:current situation 现状;occur to sb. 某人突然想到;local currency 本地货币
易错点:occur 无被动语态;recur 侧重“再次发生、反复出现”
例句:Problems may recur in the current situation during short excursions.(短途出行途中,现状下问题可能反
复出现。)
同义词:occur=happen;current=present
30 stand 站立:understand 理解;withstand 抵抗;standard 标准;outstanding 杰出;distance 距离
固定搭配:withstand pressure 抵御压力;meet the standard 达标;outstanding achievement 杰出成就
易错点:withstand 为及物动词,直接接宾语;standard 多用复数表各类标准
例句:Outstanding people can understand rules and withstand difficulties.(优秀的人能理解规则、抵御困
境。)
同义词:withstand=resist;outstanding=excellent
31 carry 搬运:carry out 执行;carry on 坚持;miscarry 失败;carrier 载体;carriage 车厢
固定搭配:carry out a task 执行任务;carry on doing 坚持做;virus carrier 病毒载体
易错点:carry on 后接doing;miscarry 多用于计划、行动失败,不用于人失败
例句:We carry on working to carry out the plan and avoid miscarriage.(我们坚持工作、执行方案,避免计划
失败。)
同义词:carry out=execute;carry on=continue
32 build 建造:rebuild 重建;construct 建造;destruct 摧毁;destruction 毁灭;structure 结构
固定搭配:rebuild homes 重建家园;construct buildings 建造建筑;social structure 社会结构
易错点:construct 侧重“大型、系统性建造”,build 为通用词;destruct 多作动词,destruction 为名词
例句:We rebuild damaged facilities and protect the overall structure.(我们重建损毁设施,保护整体结构。)
同义词:construct=build;destruction=ruin
33 grow 生长:regrow 再生;generate 产生;genius 天才;genetic 基因;generate 产出
固定搭配:regrow plants 植物再生;generate energy 产生能量;genetic code 基因密码
易错点:generate 侧重“产生能量、效益、想法”,不用于生物生长;genetic 为形容词
例句:New plants regrow and generate fresh oxygen for the environment.(新生植物不断生长,为环境产生新
鲜氧气。)
同义词:generate=produce;regrow=grow again
34 take 拿:attract 吸引;contract 收缩;extract 提取;retract 收回;detract 贬低
固定搭配:extract information 提取信息;retract a promise 收回承诺;detract from 损害、贬低
易错点:detract 多与from 搭配,表“损害价值、声誉”;retract 侧重“收回言论、承诺”
例句:Bad remarks detract from one’s image, so do not retract your sincere promise.(恶言有损个人形象,切勿
收回真诚的承诺。)
同义词:extract=gain;retract=withdraw
35 give 给予:forgive 原谅;donate 捐赠;donation 捐助;devote 奉献;devotion 忠诚
固定搭配:forgive sb. for sth. 原谅某人某事;donate to charity 慈善捐赠;devote to 致力于
易错点:devote 后必须接to,且to 为介词;donate 是动词,donation 是名词
例句:We devote ourselves to public welfare and donate money regularly.(我们投身公益,定期捐款。)
同义词:forgive=pardon;devote=dedicate
36 break 打破:breakdown 故障;outbreak 爆发;abrupt 突然;disrupt 扰乱;erupt 喷发
固定搭配:equipment breakdown 设备故障;outbreak of epidemic 疫情爆发;disrupt order 扰乱秩序
易错点:outbreak 多指疾病、战争突发;erupt 特指火山喷发、情绪爆发
例句:An abrupt breakdown may disrupt the whole working process.(突发故障可能扰乱整体工作流程。)
同义词:disrupt=disturb;erupt=burst out
37 hear 听:audience 观众;audio 音频;audible 可听见;audit 审计;audition 试音
固定搭配:audio equipment 音频设备;audible sound 可听见的声音;attend an audition 参加试音
易错点:audience 侧重“听众、现场观众”;audit 为正式用词,表审计、核查
例句:The audio sound is audible to all audience in the hall.(大厅里所有观众都能听到这个音频声音。)
同义词:audible=hearable;audit=check
38 lead 引导:conduct 引导;conductor 导体;introduce 介绍;produce 生产;reduce 减少
固定搭配:conduct an experiment 做实验;introduce sb. to sb. 向某人介绍;reduce pressure 减压
易错点:conduct 侧重“引导、开展活动”;reduce 侧重“数量、程度减少”
例句:We conduct surveys to introduce new products and reduce costs.(我们开展调研、推广新品并降低成
本。)
同义词:conduct=guide;reduce=decrease
39 lead 引导:deduce 推导;induce 诱导;educate 教育;education 教育;introduce 引进
固定搭配:deduce a conclusion 推导结论;induce sb. to do 诱导某人做;educate sb. 教育某人
易错点:deduce 是“正向推导”,induce 是“诱导、归纳”,语义相反易混
例句:We educate students to deduce facts instead of being induced by false information.(我们教导学生推导事
实,不被虚假信息诱导。)
同义词:deduce=infer;induce=attract
40 hold 握住:withhold 扣留;uphold 支持;behold 看见;container 容器;contain 包含
固定搭配:withhold information 隐瞒信息;uphold justice 维护正义;contain elements 包含要素
易错点:withhold 侧重“扣留、隐瞒”;uphold 侧重“维护、支持正义、规则”
例句:The rule upholds fairness and does not withhold any useful information.(规则维护公平,不隐瞒任何有
效信息。)
同义词:uphold=support;contain=include
41 rise 升起:arise 出现;raise 举起;surprise 惊喜;superior 优越;supervise 监管
固定搭配:problems arise 问题出现;raise hands 举手;supervise work 监管工作
易错点:rise/arise 为不及物动词,无被动;raise 为及物动词,必须接宾语,变形极易混淆
例句:New problems may arise, so we supervise and raise solutions timely.(新问题可能出现,我们及时监管
并提出解决方案。)
同义词:arise=appear;supervise=monitor
42 fall 落下:defect 缺陷;defeat 击败;descend 下降;descent 下坡;condescend 屈尊
固定搭配:have a defect 存在缺陷;defeat opponents 击败对手;descend slowly 缓慢下降
易错点:defeat 作动词表击败,作名词表失败;descend 侧重“垂直下降”
例句:Technical defects may lead us to be defeated in the competition.(技术缺陷可能导致我们比赛失利。)
同义词:defeat=beat;descend=fall
43 speak 说:proclaim 宣布;exclaim 呼喊;claim 声称;reclaim 回收;acclaim 称赞
固定搭配:proclaim a policy 宣布政策;exclaim in surprise 惊呼;reclaim resources 回收资源
易错点:claim 多为“未经证实的声称”;proclaim 为官方正式宣布
例句:The official proclaimed the new rule, which won public acclaim.(官方官宣新规,获得大众好评。)
同义词:proclaim=announce;acclaim=praise
44 fight 对抗:conflict 冲突;inflict 使遭受;defend 防御;offend 冒犯;defiance 反抗
固定搭配:conflict with 与…冲突;defend oneself 自我防护;offend others 冒犯他人
易错点:conflict 为不及物动词,搭配with;inflict sth. on sb. 使某人遭受某事
例句:Do not offend others or conflict with rules to avoid unnecessary loss.(勿冒犯他人、抵触规则,规避无
谓损失。)
同义词:conflict=clash;defend=protect
45 choose 选择:select 挑选;elect 选举;collect 收集;neglect 忽视;intellect 智力
固定搭配:select carefully 精心挑选;elect a leader 选举领袖;neglect duties 失职
易错点:select 侧重“精挑细选”,choose 为通用选择;neglect 侧重“疏忽、怠慢”
例句:We select excellent members and never neglect team cooperation.(我们甄选优秀成员,绝不忽视团队协
作。)
同义词:select=choose;neglect=ignore
46 work 工作:operate 操作;cooperate 合作;labor 劳动;elaborate 详尽;collaborate 协作
固定搭配:operate equipment 操作设备;cooperate with 与…合作;elaborate on 详细阐述
易错点:cooperate 侧重“配合合作”,collaborate 侧重“共同研发、创作协作”
例句:We collaborate with partners and elaborate on the working plan.(我们与伙伴协作,详细阐述工作计
划。)
同义词:cooperate=work together;elaborate=detail
47 think 思考:reflect 反思;reflection 反思;speculate 推测;calculate 计算;meditate 沉思
固定搭配:reflect on sth. 反思某事;speculate about 推测;calculate data 计算数据
易错点:reflect 必须搭配on;speculate 侧重“无依据推测”,区别于deduce(有据推导)
例句:We reflect on mistakes and speculate on the final result.(我们反思失误,预判最终结果。)
同义词:reflect=consider;speculate=guess
48 search 寻找:research 研究;seek 寻找;consequence 后果;sequence 顺序;pursue 追求
固定搭配:seek for 寻求;pursue goals 追求目标;in sequence 按顺序
易错点:consequence 多指“负面后果”;sequence 侧重“逻辑、时间顺序”
例句:We research and seek methods to avoid bad consequences.(我们调研探索方法,规避不良后果。)
同义词:seek=look for;pursue=chase
49 connect 连接:collect 收集;contact 联系;contract 契约;converge 汇聚;connect 关联
固定搭配:connect with 与…关联;contact sb. 联系某人;converge on 汇聚于
易错点:contact 可直接接人,无需加with;converge 侧重“多方汇聚、交汇”
例句:Different ideas converge and connect to form a complete plan.(多方想法汇聚关联,形成完整方案。)
同义词:connect=link;contact=reach
50 wide 宽:widen 拓宽;broad 宽阔;expand 拓宽;extensive 广阔;width 宽度
固定搭配:widen roads 拓宽道路;broad vision 广阔视野;fixed width 固定宽度
易错点:widen 侧重实物宽度拓宽;expand 侧重抽象范围、领域拓宽延伸
例句:We widen the road width and expand our vision with broad thinking.(我们拓宽道路宽度,以开阔思维
拓展视野格局。)
同义词:widen=broaden;extensive=wide
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
01 sci 知:science 科学;conscience 良知;conscious 有意识;unconscious 无意识;conscientious 尽责
固定搭配:social science 社会科学;a clear conscience 问心无愧;be conscious of 意识到
易错点:conscious 侧重“主观有意识的”,unconscious 为绝对否定;conscientious 形容人认真尽责,勿与
conscious 混用
例句:A conscientious scientist is always conscious of social responsibilities and has a clear conscience.(尽责的
科学家始终具备社会责任感,坚守本心。)
同义词:science=knowledge;conscious=aware
02 sci 知:prescient 预知;omniscient 全知;scientific 科学;conscientiousness 认真;conscience 良心
固定搭配:scientific method 科学方法;show great conscientiousness 展现极强的认真态度
易错点:prescient 侧重“对未来的预判”,omniscient 为书面高级词,表“全知全能的”,高考阅读熟词僻
义考点
例句:With scientific thinking and conscientiousness, we can hardly be prescient of all changes.(即便拥有科学
思维与严谨态度,我们也无法预知所有变化。)
同义词:scientific=systematic;conscientiousness=diligence
03 log 逻辑:logic 逻辑;logical 合理;dialogue 对话;monologue 独白;biology 生物
固定搭配:logical thinking 逻辑思维;have a dialogue with 与…对话;a solo monologue 单人独白
易错点:monologue 为单人独白,dialogue 为双向对话;logical 侧重“事理逻辑通顺”,不形容人的性格
例句:It is logical to have positive dialogues rather than meaningless monologues in communication.(交流中积
极双向沟通,远比无意义的自我独白合理。)
同义词:logical=rational;dialogue=conversation
04 log 逻辑:psychology 心理;technology 科技;apology 道歉;analogy 类比;prologue 序言
固定搭配:applied psychology 应用心理学;make an apology 道歉;draw an analogy 做类比
易错点:apology 为名词,动词形式为apologize;analogy 多用于写作、推理类比,固定搭配draw an
analogy between A and B
例句:In psychology research, we often draw an analogy between traditional experience and modern technology.
(在心理学研究中,我们常将传统经验与现代科技做类比。)
同义词:apology=excuse;analogy=comparison
05 cogn 认知:recognize 认出;recognition 认可;cognitive 认知;incognito 匿名;cognition 认知力
固定搭配:recognize sb.认出某人;gain public recognition 获得大众认可;cognitive ability 认知能力
易错点:recognize 侧重“重新认出、正式认可”,区别于know;incognito 多作副词/形容词,表“匿名
的”
例句:People with strong cognition can easily recognize their weaknesses and win social recognition.(认知能力
强的人能清晰认清自身不足,获得社会认可。)
同义词:recognize=identify;recognition=approval
06 put 计算:compute 计算;computer 电脑;dispute 争论;reputation 名声;input 输入
固定搭配:compute data 计算数据;settle a dispute 解决争端;input information 录入信息
易错点:dispute 为正式书面争论,侧重观点分歧;reputation 为不可数名词,无复数形式
例句:We input and compute accurate data to avoid unnecessary disputes and protect our reputation.(我们录入
并核算精准数据,规避无谓争论,维护自身声誉。)
同义词:compute=calculate;dispute=argument
07 sent 感知:sense 感觉;sensitive 敏感;sentiment 情绪;consent 同意;dissent 反对
固定搭配:a sense of… ……感;be sensitive to 对…敏感;give consent 应允
易错点:sensitive 修饰人/事物敏感,sensible 表“明智的”,极易混淆;dissent 侧重“正式持不同意见”
例句:People with delicate sentiment are more sensitive to details and seldom dissent from reasonable rules.(情
感细腻的人对细节更敏感,极少反对合理规则。)
同义词:sense=feeling;consent=agreement
08 sent 感知:present 呈现;absent 缺席;sentence 句子;consensus 共识;sensory 感官的
固定搭配:present results 展示成果;be absent from 缺席;reach a consensus 达成共识
易错点:absent 作形容词后接from;present 多义,此处为“呈现”,区别于“礼物、目前的”
例句:All present members reached a consensus that no one should be absent from the meeting.(所有到场成员
达成共识,无人可缺席会议。)
同义词:present=show;consensus=unanimity
09 spir 思考:inspire 激励;inspiration 灵感;expire 过期;conspire 共谋;respire 呼吸
固定搭配:inspire sb. to do 激励某人做;gain inspiration 获取灵感;expire soon 即将过期
易错点:inspire 侧重“精神层面激励”;expire 多用于证件、期限到期,无被动语态
例句:Nature can inspire us to gain endless inspiration before our passion expires.(在热忱褪去前,大自然能给
予我们无尽灵感与激励。)
同义词:inspire=encourage;expire=end
10 spir 思考:perspire 出汗;aspire 渴望;spirit 精神;spiritual 精神;despair 绝望
固定搭配:aspire to do 渴望做;spiritual wealth 精神财富;fall into despair 陷入绝望
易错点:aspire 后接不定式to do;spiritual 为形容词,区别于spirit 名词;despair 不可数表抽象绝望
例句:Those who aspire for progress never fall into despair despite hardship and perspiration.(追求进步的人,
纵使历经艰辛也绝不绝望。)
同义词:aspire=long for;despair=hopelessness
11 cred 相信:credit 信用;credible 可信;incredible 难以置信;credulous 轻信;discredit 质疑
固定搭配:credit record 信用记录;credible evidence 可靠证据;discredit a rumor 辟谣
易错点:credulous 形容人“轻信他人的”,credible 形容事物“可信的”,修饰对象不同
例句:It is incredible that some credulous people discredit credible scientific evidence.(令人难以置信的是,部
分轻信他人的人会质疑可靠的科学依据。)
同义词:credible=reliable;incredible=unbelievable
12 cred 相信:credibility 可信度;accredit 授权;credit card 信用卡;creditor 债主;credential 凭证
固定搭配:improve credibility 提升可信度;be accredited with 被授予;official credential 官方凭证
易错点:credibility 为抽象不可数名词;accredit 多用于官方、机构正式授权
例句:The institution is fully accredited, with high credibility and complete official credentials.(该机构资质齐
全、可信度高,具备完整官方凭证。)
同义词:credibility=trustworthiness;accredit=authorize
13 jud 判断:judge 判断;judgment 判决;prejudice 偏见;adjust 调整;adjustment 调节
固定搭配:judge by 根据…判断;have prejudice against 对…有偏见;make adjustments 做出调整
易错点:judgment 美式拼写,judgement 英式拼写均正确;prejudice 为负面固有偏见
例句:We should judge things objectively without prejudice and make timely adjustments.(我们应客观评判事
物、摒弃偏见,及时做出调整。)
同义词:judge=assess;adjust=regulate
14 jud 判断:cojudge 陪审;judicial 司法;prejudge 预判;unjudged 未评判;adjustable 可调节
固定搭配:judicial system 司法体系;prejudge the result 预判结果;adjustable height 可调节高度
易错点:prejudge 侧重“未依据事实提前预判”,含贬义;adjustable 为形容词修饰物品属性
例句:We cannot prejudge unjudged cases, and the judicial system has adjustable evaluation standards.(我们不
可预判未裁决案件,司法体系拥有可调节的评判标准。)
同义词:prejudge=presume;adjustable=flexible
15 mind 心智:mental 精神;mention 提及;comment 评论;remind 提醒;document 文件
固定搭配:mental health 心理健康;mention sth.提及某事;remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
易错点:remind 固定搭配of 不可省略;mental 侧重“心理、精神层面”,区别于physical 身体的
例句:The document reminds us to pay attention to mental health and not mention negative comments casually.
(这份文件提醒我们关注心理健康,切勿随意发表负面评论。)
同义词:mention=refer to;remind=alert
16 mind 心智:argument 争论;instrument 工具;segment 分割;ornament 装饰;movement 运动
固定搭配:have an argument 争论;musical instrument 乐器;art ornament 艺术装饰
易错点:argument 侧重“有理有据的争辩”,区别于quarrel 争吵;segment 多指整体的局部分割
例句:We had no argument about the movement of artistic ornaments and instrument placement.(我们对艺术装
饰与乐器摆放的调整方案毫无争议。)
同义词:argument=debate;instrument=tool
17 vis 认知:vision 认知;visualize 设想;revise 反思;supervise 审视;visible 可感知
固定搭配:broaden one’s vision 拓宽认知视野;visualize the future 畅想未来;revise plans 复盘方案
易错点:revise 侧重“复盘修改、反思完善”,区别于review 简单回顾;visible 可指抽象认知可感知
例句:We need to revise our cognition, visualize long-term goals and broaden our vision.(我们需复盘认知、畅
想长远目标、拓宽认知格局。)
同义词:vision=perspective;visualize=imagine
18 cert 确定:certain 确定;certify 证明;certificate 证书;uncertain 不确定;certainty 确定性
固定搭配:be certain of 确信;certify one’s ability 证明能力;obtain a certificate 获取证书
易错点:certainty 为抽象名词,表“确定性”;certify 为正式官方证明,语气强于prove
例句:We can certify the certainty of the result and never be uncertain about professional certificates.(我们能证
实结果的确定性,绝不质疑专业证书的权威性。)
同义词:certain=sure;certify=prove
19 cert 确定:certification 认证;ascertain 查明;certified 持证;certainly 当然;uncertainty 不确定性
固定搭配:professional certification 专业认证;ascertain the truth 查明真相;certified teacher 持证教师
易错点:ascertain 为及物动词,直接接宾语;uncertainty 为抽象名词,无复数
例句:We must ascertain facts to eliminate uncertainty and obtain official certification.(我们必须查明真相、消
除不确定性,获取官方认证。)
同义词:ascertain=confirm;certification=qualification
20 faith 信任:confide 倾诉;confidence 自信;confident 自信;diffidence 自卑;fidelity 忠诚
固定搭配:confide in sb.向某人倾诉;be confident of 对…自信;show fidelity 展现忠诚
易错点:confide 固定搭配in 不可漏;diffidence 是自信的反义词,侧重“怯懦自卑”
例句:Confident people dare to confide in others and show fidelity to their beliefs.(自信的人敢于坦诚倾诉,且
忠于自身信念。)
同义词:confidence=self-assurance;fidelity=loyalty
21 know 知晓:acknowledge 承认;knowledge 知识;unknown 未知;well-known 知名;notify 通知
固定搭配:acknowledge one’s mistake 承认错误;professional knowledge 专业知识;notify sb.通知某人
易错点:acknowledge 侧重“公开承认事实、错误”;notify 为正式书面通知,多用于公务场景
例句:We should acknowledge our ignorance of unknown knowledge and notify teammates timely.(我们应正视
自身知识盲区,及时通知队友。)
同义词:acknowledge=admit;notify=inform
22 measure 衡量:dimension 维度;immense 巨大;measure 测量;assessment 评估;estimate 估算
固定搭配:multi-dimension 多维度;measure data 测量数据;make an assessment 做出评估
易错点:estimate 侧重“预估、粗略估算”,measure 为精准测量;immense 形容规模、程度极大
例句:We measure data from multiple dimensions to make an accurate assessment instead of blind estimates.(我
们多维度测算数据、精准评估,杜绝盲目预估。)
同义词:measure=calculate;assessment=evaluation
23 weigh 权衡:weight 重量;weigh 权衡;overweight 超重;underweight 偏瘦;weightless 失重
固定搭配:weigh pros and cons 权衡利弊;put on weight 增重;be overweight 超重
易错点:weigh 动词,weight 名词,词性易混用;overweight 可作形容词/名词,无比较级
例句:We should weigh the value of health rather than only worrying about weight problems.(我们应权衡健康
的价值,而非只纠结体重超标或偏瘦问题。)
同义词:weigh=consider;weight=mass
24 compare 对比:compare 比较;comparison 对比;comparable 可比;incomparable 无双;comparative
相对
固定搭配:compare A with B 对比AB;in comparison with 相较于;comparable level 相当水平
易错点:compare with 侧重“对比差异”,compare to 侧重“比作”;incomparable 表“无可比拟的”
例句:In comparison with others, her perseverance is incomparable and of comparative advantage.(相较于他
人,她的毅力无可比拟,具备相对优势。)
同义词:compare=contrast;comparable=equivalent
25 equal 平等:equality 平等;equivalent 等价;equate 等同;adequate 充足;equilibrium 平衡
固定搭配:gender equality 性别平等;be equivalent to 等同于;adequate resources 充足资源
易错点:equate A to B 固定搭配,将A 等同于B;equilibrium 多指状态、局势平衡
例句:We cannot equate equality with absolute sameness, but pursue equilibrium with adequate fairness.(我们不
能将平等等同于绝对一致,而是追求兼顾公平的平衡状态。)
同义词:equivalent=equal;adequate=sufficient
26 same 相同:similar 相似;simulate 模拟;simultaneous 同时;assimilate 同化;resemble 类似
固定搭配:be similar to 与…相似;simulate scenes 模拟场景;simultaneous development 同步发展
易错点:resemble 为及物动词,直接接宾语,无需加to;simultaneous 侧重“时间同步”
例句:The two similar projects resemble each other and achieve simultaneous progress through simulated tests.
(两个相似项目高度雷同,通过模拟测试实现同步推进。)
同义词:similar=alike;simulate=imitate
27 differ 区分:different 不同;difference 差异;differentiate 区分;indifferent 冷漠;difficult 困难
固定搭配:differ from 不同于;differentiate between 区分;be indifferent to 对…冷漠
易错点:differentiate 侧重“主动精准区分差异”;indifferent 切勿误译为“不不同的”,实为冷漠的
例句:It is not difficult to differentiate the difference between similar things if you are not indifferent.(若不态度
敷衍,区分相似事物的差异并不困难。)
同义词:differ=vary;differentiate=distinguish
28 order 秩序:organ 组织;organize 安排;disorder 混乱;coordinate 协调;organic 有机
固定搭配:organize activities 组织活动;social disorder 社会混乱;coordinate work 协调工作
易错点:organic 除“有机的”,还可表“自然有序的”;disorder 为不可数名词,表无序状态
例句:We organize and coordinate work efficiently to avoid disorder and maintain organic operation.(我们高效
组织协调工作,规避混乱,维持有序运转。)
同义词:organize=arrange;coordinate=harmonize
29 rule 规则:regular 常规;regulate 管控;irregular 不规则;regulatory 监管;region 区域
固定搭配:regular routine 常规作息;regulate behavior 规范行为;regulatory rules 监管条例
易错点:regulate 侧重“制度、行为管控规范”;irregular 表“无规律、非常规的”
例句:Regulatory systems regulate irregular behaviors and maintain regular order in the region.(监管体系约束
不规范行为,维持区域常规秩序。)
同义词:regular=normal;regulate=control
30 limit 限制:limit 限度;limited 有限;unlimited 无限;limitation 局限;eliminate 消除
固定搭配:time limit 时限;limited resources 有限资源;eliminate limitations 消除局限
易错点:limitation 多指自身能力、客观局限,limit 多指外在规则限制
例句:Our time and energy are limited, but we can eliminate personal limitations through efforts.(我们的时间精
力有限,但可通过努力突破自身局限。)
同义词:limit=restriction;eliminate=remove
31 free 自由:freedom 自由;liberate 解放;liberty 自由;deliver 递送;delivery 交付
固定搭配:personal freedom 个人自由;liberate the mind 解放思想;timely delivery 及时交付
易错点:freedom 泛指自由,liberty 为正式书面自由,侧重权利自由;liberate 侧重摆脱束缚
例句:True freedom is to liberate ourselves from laziness and guarantee efficient task delivery.(真正的自由是挣
脱惰性束缚,保障任务高效落地。)
同义词:freedom=liberty;deliver=send
32 power 力量:powerful 强大;empower 授权;potential 潜力;impotent 无力;power 能量
固定搭配:powerful ability 超强能力;empower sb. to do 授权某人做;tap potential 挖掘潜力
易错点:impotent 侧重“无力的、无效的”,无贬义;empower 为正式授权,多用于机构、平台
例句:The platform empowers individuals to tap their potential and become powerful in self-growth.(平台赋能
个人挖掘潜力,在自我成长中变得强大。)
同义词:powerful=strong;potential=capacity
33 value 价值:valuable 珍贵;invaluable 无价;evaluate 评估;value 重视;devalue 贬值
固定搭配:valuable experience 宝贵经验;evaluate results 评估成果;devalue oneself 自我否定
易错点:invaluable 不是“无价值的”,而是“无价的、极珍贵的”,为高频易错考点
例句:We should value invaluable experience and evaluate our progress objectively without devaluing ourselves.
(我们应珍视宝贵经验、客观评估成长,切勿自我否定。)
同义词:valuable=precious;evaluate=judge
34 worth 价值:worthy 值得;worthless 无价值;worship 崇拜;worthwhile 值得做;unworthy 不配
固定搭配:be worthy of 值得;it is worthwhile to do 值得做;worship virtues 崇尚美德
易错点:worthwhile 可作定语或表语,worthy 后必须接of;worthless 表“毫无价值的”
例句:It is worthwhile to worship fine virtues, which make us worthy of respect.(崇尚优良品德意义深远,能
让我们值得被尊重。)
同义词:worthy=deserving;worthwhile=rewarding
35 harm 伤害:harmful 有害;harmless 无害;damage 损害;endanger 危及;danger 危险
固定搭配:harmful habits 有害习惯;harmless behavior 无害行为;endanger safety 危及安全
易错点:harm 侧重身心、抽象伤害,damage 侧重实物、利益损害;endanger 为及物动词
例句:Harmful behaviors will endanger personal safety, while harmless habits avoid unnecessary damage.(有害
行为会危及人身安全,良好习惯可规避无谓损害。)
同义词:harmful=damaging;endanger=threaten
36 benefit 益处:benefit 受益;beneficial 有益;beneficiary 受益人;profit 利润;profitable 盈利
固定搭配:benefit from 从…受益;beneficial to 对…有益;profitable industry 盈利产业
易错点:benefit 作动词后接from;beneficiary 为名词,指“受益者”
例句:We can benefit from beneficial habits, making our efforts profitable and becoming good beneficiaries.(我
们能从有益习惯中获益,让付出有所回报,成为成长的受益者。)
同义词:benefit=gain;beneficial=helpful
37 help 帮助:helpful 有用;helpless 无助;assist 协助;assistant 助手;assistance 援助
固定搭配:helpful advice 有用建议;assist in doing 协助做;ask for assistance 寻求援助
易错点:assist 为正式书面协助,不及物动词需搭配in;helpless 侧重“无助的、无能为力的”
例句:The assistant is helpful and always assists others in need of timely assistance.(这位助手热心尽责,始终
协助需要帮助的人。)
同义词:assist=help;assistance=support
38 pain 痛苦:painful 痛苦;painless 无痛;suffer 受难;suffering 苦难;distress 悲痛
固定搭配:painful experience 痛苦经历;painless treatment 无痛治疗;relieve distress 缓解悲痛
易错点:painful 修饰事物令人痛苦,pained 修饰人内心痛苦;distress 侧重内心煎熬
例句:Painful experiences teach us to endure suffering and relieve others’ distress bravely.(痛苦的经历教会我
们承受磨难、勇敢抚慰他人的伤痛。)
同义词:painful=tormenting;distress=sorrow
39 joy 喜悦:joyful 喜悦;enjoy 享受;enjoyment 乐趣;rejoice 欣喜;joylessness 无趣
固定搭配:joyful atmosphere 愉悦氛围;enjoy life 享受生活;rejoice at 为…欣喜
易错点:rejoice 为正式书面欣喜,不及物动词搭配at;joylessness 为抽象名词,表无趣状态
例句:We rejoice at every gain and find enjoyment in life to avoid joylessness.(我们为每份收获欣喜,在生活
中寻觅乐趣,杜绝无趣度日。)
同义词:joyful=cheerful;enjoyment=pleasure
40 fear 恐惧:fearful 害怕;fearless 无畏;terrify 恐吓;terror 恐惧;terrible 糟糕
固定搭配:fearful of failure 惧怕失败;fearless spirit 无畏精神;terrify sb.恐吓某人
易错点:fearful 可形容人恐惧或事物可怕;terrible 侧重体验糟糕,terror 侧重内心恐惧
例句:Fearless people are never terrified by difficulties and never feel fearful of challenges.(无畏者从不被困境
恐吓,也不畏惧挑战。)
同义词:fearless=brave;terrify=frighten
41 hope 希望:hopeful 满怀希望;hopeless 无望;desire 渴望;desirable 合意;desperation 绝望
固定搭配:hopeful outlook 乐观心态;desire for success 渴望成功;fall into desperation 陷入绝望
易错点:desirable 侧重“事物令人满意的、合意的”;hopeless 表彻底无望
例句:Even in hopeless situations, we should hold hopeful attitudes and pursue desirable goals.(纵使身处绝
境,我们也应心怀期许,追寻理想目标。)
同义词:hopeful=optimistic;desire=longing
42 courage 勇气:courageous 勇敢;encourage 鼓励;discourage 使气馁;brave 勇敢;bravery 勇气
固定搭配:courageous deeds 勇敢之举;encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人;discourage sb. from doing 使气馁
易错点:discourage 是encourage 反义词,固定搭配from doing;courageous 侧重果敢有魄力
例句:Friends encourage us to be courageous, while setbacks never discourage our bravery.(亲友的鼓励让我们
果敢前行,挫折从未磨灭我们的勇气。)
同义词:courageous=bold;encourage=inspire
43 patience 耐心:patient 耐心;impatient 急躁;patience 耐心;tolerate 容忍;tolerance 包容
固定搭配:be patient with 对…耐心;lose patience 失去耐心;tolerance for others 包容他人
易错点:patient 形容词耐心,patience 名词耐心;impatient 急躁的,否定前缀im-
例句:We need to be patient with others and keep tolerance to avoid being impatient.(我们待人需耐心包容,杜
绝急躁浮躁。)
同义词:patient=tolerant;patience=endurance
44 pride 骄傲:proud 骄傲;pride 自尊;arrogant 傲慢;humble 谦逊;humility 谦卑
固定搭配:take pride in 以…为荣;be proud of 为…骄傲;show humility 展现谦逊
易错点:proud 为中性词,可表自豪;arrogant 为贬义词,表自大傲慢
例句:We take pride in our achievements but remain humble with great humility, never arrogant.(我们为成就自
豪,却始终谦逊低调、绝不傲慢。)
同义词:proud=honored;humility=modesty
45 calm 冷静:calmness 平静;tranquil 安宁;disturb 扰乱;disturbance 骚动;peace 和平
固定搭配:keep calm 保持冷静;disturb the peace 扰乱秩序;social disturbance 社会骚动
易错点:calm 侧重情绪冷静,tranquil 侧重环境安宁;disturbance 为名词,表骚乱、干扰
例句:Inner calmness keeps us tranquil and prevents external disturbances from disturbing us.(内心的平静让我
们安然自若,不受外界纷扰影响。)
同义词:calm=peaceful;disturb=interrupt
46 smart 聪慧:intelligent 聪明;intellect 才智;genius 天才;talent 天赋;talented 有天赋
固定搭配:intelligent thinking 睿智思维;show great intellect 展现才智;talented person 有才之人
易错点:intelligent 侧重思维聪慧理性,smart 侧重机灵;genius 指天赋极高的天才
例句:Talented people with great intellect are intelligent enough to grasp key opportunities.(兼具天赋与才智的
智者,总能精准把握核心机遇。)
同义词:intelligent=clever;talented=gifted
47 foolish 愚笨:foolish 愚蠢;ridiculous 荒谬;absurd 荒唐;silly 傻;stupidity 愚昧
固定搭配:foolish behavior 愚昧行为;ridiculous idea 荒谬想法;absurd logic 荒唐逻辑
易错点:foolish 侧重行为鲁莽愚蠢,absurd 侧重逻辑、事理荒唐不合理
例句:It is foolish and absurd to hold ridiculous opinions out of blind stupidity.(因愚昧无知产生荒谬想法,是
愚蠢且不合常理的。)
同义词:foolish=silly;ridiculous=absurd
48 honest 诚实:honesty 诚实;dishonest 不诚实;truth 真相;truthful 真实;lie 谎言
固定搭配:value honesty 珍视诚信;truthful statement 真实陈述;tell a lie 说谎
易错点:honesty 为抽象不可数名词;truthful 侧重表述、言行真实可信
例句:Honesty requires us to be truthful and never tell lies or act dishonest ways.(诚信要求我们言行坦荡,绝
不撒谎、弄虚作假。)
同义词:honest=sincere;truthful=authentic
49 kind 善良:kindness 善意;unkind 刻薄;generous 慷慨;generosity 大方;charity 慈善
固定搭配:show kindness 展现善意;generous help 慷慨相助;charity activity 慈善活动
易错点:kindness 抽象善意,generosity 侧重大方无私;charity 多指公益慈善事业
例句:True kindness lies in generous generosity and consistent participation in charity.(真正的善意,源于无私
大方与持续的公益担当。)
同义词:kind=benevolent;generosity=liberality
50 wise 明智:wisdom 智慧;unwise 不明智;prudent 审慎;imprudent 鲁莽;wisely 明智地
固定搭配:accumulate wisdom 积累智慧;prudent decision 审慎决策;act wisely 明智行事
易错点:prudent 侧重处事谨慎稳妥,wise 侧重认知、决策明智;imprudent 为鲁莽轻率的
例句:Wisdom helps us act wisely and make prudent choices, avoiding unwise and imprudent mistakes.(智慧让
我们行事明智、决策审慎,杜绝轻率鲁莽的失误。)
同义词:wise=sensible;prudent=cautious
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
01 chron 时间:chronology 年表;synchronize 同步;chronic 长期;chronicle 编年史;synchronous 同步
固定搭配:chronology of historical events 历史事件年表;synchronize system data 同步系统数据;chronic
disease 慢性疾病
易错点:chronic 仅用于形容疾病、问题、困扰等长期反复存在的事物,不用于描述普通事物的时长;
synchronous 为正式书面用语,特指时间、进度完全同步,不可用于普通相似状态
例句:The official chronicle records events in strict chronology with synchronous meteorological data.(这部官
方编年史以严谨的年表记载史实,搭配同步的气象数据。)
同义词:chronic=long-term;synchronize=coordinate
02 pre 前:predict 预测;preview 预习;precede 在先;preheat 预热;prehistory 史前
固定搭配:preview textbook knowledge 预习课本知识;precede the whole process 先于整个流程发生;
preheat the oven before baking 烘焙前预热烤箱
易错点:precede 侧重时间、顺序、位次在先,极易与 proceed(继续进行)拼写、语义混淆;prehistory
为不可数名词,无复数形式,不直接搭配数词
例句:We preheat experimental equipment and preview relevant data to predict the changes that precede
subsequent results.(我们预热实验设备、预习相关数据,预判先于后续结果出现的各类变化。)
同义词:predict=forecast;precede=come before
03 post 后:postpone 推迟;postwar 战后;postgraduate 研究生;postscript 附言;postdate 延后
固定搭配:postpone the scheduled meeting 推迟既定会议;postwar economic reconstruction 战后经济重建;
add a postscript to the report 为报告补充附言
易错点:postpone 后只能接动名词doing 形式,绝对不接to do 不定式;postdate 仅用于文件、票据、日期
的延后标注,不用于普通事件时间推迟
例句:The postgraduate student had to postpone his research project and added a detailed postscript to his thesis.
(这名研究生只得推迟研究项目,并在论文中补充了详细附言。)
同义词:postpone=delay;postwar=after-war
04 trans 跨越:transport 运输;transmit 传播;transform 转换;transplant 移植;transfer 转移
固定搭配:transport daily supplies 运输日用品;transmit signals and information 传输信号与信息;transform
the traditional working mode 革新传统工作模式
易错点:transfer 侧重位置、身份、岗位、资金的转移变动;transmit 侧重信号、数据、病菌、信息的传播
传递,二者语义场景极易混淆
例句:We transport raw materials and transmit core data to transform the outdated industrial structure.(我们运输
原材料、传输核心数据,改造落后的产业结构。)
同义词:transport=carry;transform=change
05 sub 下:subway 地铁;submerge 淹没;substitute 替代;subtract 减去;subconscious 潜意识
固定搭配:substitute new materials for old ones 用新材料替代旧材料;subtract expenses from total income 从
总收入中扣除开支;be submerged in water 被水淹没
易错点:substitute 固定搭配为 substitute A for B(用A 替代B),不可误用介词with;subconscious 为抽
象不可数名词,无复数,不用于具体事物
例句:People’s subconscious thoughts often affect their decision to substitute resources and subtract unnecessary
costs.(人的潜意识思维,常会影响其替代资源、缩减冗余成本的决策。)
同义词:submerge=immerse;substitute=replace
06 super 上:superior 上级;supermarket 超市;supervise 监管;supersede 取代;superficial 表面
固定搭配:be superior to ordinary products 优于普通产品;supervise daily operation and management 监管日
常运营管理;superficial phenomenon 表面现象
易错点:superior 本身自带比较级含义,绝对不与more 连用,后固定搭配介词to;superficial 含贬义,侧
重形容认知、成果肤浅流于表面
例句:Superior managers supervise the whole project strictly to avoid superficial progress and outdated methods.
(上级管理者严格监管整个项目,杜绝表面成效与落后工作方式。)
同义词:superior=better;supervise=monitor
07 circ 环绕:circle 圆圈;circulate 循环;circumstance 环境;circuit 电路;circular 圆形
固定搭配:circulate information and resources 传播信息与资源;under any circumstances 在任何情况下;
closed circuit system 闭合电路系统
易错点:circumstance 表客观环境、境遇、形势时,必须使用复数形式circumstances;circular 可作形容词
(圆形的)和名词(通告、传单),词性易混
例句:Blood circulates steadily in the human body, and external circumstances will greatly affect bodily
circulation.(血液在人体内稳定循环,外界环境会极大影响身体循环状态。)
同义词:circulate=spread;circumstance=situation
08 mid 中间:middle 中间;midnight 午夜;midterm 期中;midway 中途;mediate 调解
固定搭配:midterm examination and assessment 期中考试与测评;midway service station 中途服务站点;
mediate conflicts and disputes 调解矛盾纠纷
易错点:mediate 为正式书面用词,仅用于第三方、官方调解矛盾,不用于普通劝说;midnight 特指凌晨
零点,并非泛指深夜
例句:We mediated the team dispute midway of the semester before the official midterm exam.(正式期中考试
前,我们在学期中途调解了团队矛盾。)
同义词:mediate=settle;midway=halfway
09 cent 百:century 世纪;percent 百分比;centimeter 厘米;centigrade 摄氏;centennial 百年纪念
固定搭配:80 percent of local residents 当地八成居民;centigrade temperature scale 摄氏温标;centennial
celebration activities 百年庆典活动
易错点:percent 无复数形式,直接跟在数字后使用;percentage 为独立名词,表百分比、比例,必须搭配
of 使用,二者用法易混淆
例句:This century’s centennial cultural event attracts nearly 80 percent of local citizens.(本世纪的百年文化庆
典,吸引了当地近八成市民参与。)
同义词:percent=per cent;centennial=hundred-year
10 geo 大地:geography 地理;geometry 几何;geology 地质;geologist 地质学家;territory 领土
固定搭配:physical geography and human geography 自然地理与人文地理;geology field survey 地质实地勘
探;national territory and border 国家领土与边境
易错点:geography 侧重地理环境、地理学科、地域特征;geology 侧重地质构造、岩层、地质运动,两门
学科核心含义易混淆
例句:Professional geologists study the geography and geological structure of the national territory.(专业的地质
学家研究该国领土的地理环境与地质构造。)
同义词:territory=land;geology=earth science
11 ann 年:annual 年度;anniversary 周年;annuity 年金;biannual 一年两次;centennial 百年
固定搭配:annual work summary 年度工作总结;wedding anniversary celebration 结婚周年纪念;biannual
academic seminar 半年一次的学术研讨会
易错点:biannual 意为一年两次,biennial 意为两年一次,二者拼写相近、语义相反,是高考高频易错辨
析点
例句:We hold biannual work summaries and record annual data for the school’s centennial anniversary.(我们一
年两次工作总结,为学校百年校庆记录年度数据。)
同义词:annual=yearly;anniversary=remembrance day
12 temp 时间:temporary 临时;contemporary 当代;temperate 温和;temperature 温度;extempore 即兴
固定搭配:temporary part-time job 临时兼职工作;contemporary art and literature 当代文艺;extempore
speech performance 即兴演讲表演
易错点:temporary 侧重短期、非永久的临时状态,区别于transient(转瞬即逝的);contemporary 可指当
代的人或事物,适用范围更广
例句:Many contemporary artists take temporary jobs and create excellent extempore works.(许多当代艺术家
从事临时工作,创作优秀的即兴作品。)
同义词:temporary=short-term;contemporary=modern
13 long 长久:length 长度;elongate 拉长;prolong 延长;longevity 长寿;lengthen 加长
固定搭配:lengthen the skirt and sleeve 加长衣裙衣袖;prolong the service life of equipment 延长设备使用寿
命;improve physical longevity 提升身体寿命
易错点:lengthen 仅用于实物、距离、尺寸变长;prolong 仅用于时间、期限、过程延长,二者适用场景
严格区分
例句:We lengthen the use cycle to prolong the longevity of mechanical equipment effectively.(我们加长设备使
用周期,有效延长机械设备的使用寿命。)
同义词:prolong=extend;lengthen=stretch
14 short 短:shorten 缩短;shortage 短缺;shorthand 速记;short-lived 短命;shortcoming 缺点
固定搭配:shorten working procedures and time 缩短工作流程与时长;energy and resource shortage 能源资
源短缺;overcome personal shortcomings 克服个人缺点
易错点:shortage 为不可数名词,专指资源、物资短缺;shortcoming 多用复数形式,指人或事物的缺陷、
不足
例句:We shorten redundant procedures to solve resource shortage and make up for our shortcomings.(我们精简
冗余流程,解决资源短缺问题,弥补自身不足。)
同义词:shortage=lack;shortcoming=weakness
15 new 新:renew 更新;novel 新颖;innovate 创新;renovate 翻新;novice 新手
固定搭配:renew data and information regularly 定期更新数据信息;innovate traditional technology 创新传统
工艺;renovate old urban buildings 翻新老旧城市建筑
易错点:novel 作形容词时特指“新颖独特、与众不同的新”,区别于普通词汇new;novice 专指行业、
领域的新手、初学者
例句:Novice practitioners innovate methods to renew and renovate traditional craft skills.(行业新手创新方
法,更新改良传统工艺技艺。)
同义词:innovate=reform;novel=original
16 old 旧:ancient 古老;vintage 复古;primitive 原始;elder 年长;heritage 遗产
固定搭配:ancient human civilization 古老的人类文明;vintage style decoration 复古风格装饰;primitive
social culture 原始社会文化
易错点:ancient 侧重历史久远的古老事物;primitive 侧重未开化、原始朴素的状态;elder 仅用于形容人
的年长,不用于事物
例句:The ancient cultural heritage with vintage style originates from primitive folk customs.(这款复古风格的
古老文化遗产源自原始民俗风情。)
同义词:ancient=age-old;primitive=original
17 far 远:distance 距离;distant 遥远;extend 延伸;extensive 广阔;telephone 远程通话
固定搭配:a long spatial distance 漫长的空间距离;distant relatives and friends 远方亲友;extend influence
and coverage 扩大影响力与覆盖范围
易错点:distant 可形容空间、时间、人际关系遥远;extensive 侧重范围、规模、覆盖面广阔,不形容距离
远近
例句:The wireless signal can extend to distant areas and cover extensive spatial ranges.(无线信号可延伸至偏
远区域,覆盖广阔的空间范围。)
同义词:distant=far;extensive=vast
18 near 近:adjacent 邻近;nearby 附近;approximate 接近;proximity 临近;approach 靠近
固定搭配:adjacent residential buildings 相邻居民楼;in close proximity to the park 紧邻公园;approximate
number and data 近似数值与数据
易错点:adjacent 特指建筑、区域、地块相邻接壤;proximity 为正式书面名词,表临近状态,多用于学
术、书面语境
例句:We approach the adjacent square and calculate the approximate proximity distance accurately.(我们靠近
相邻广场,精准测算近似的临近距离。)
同义词:adjacent=neighboring;approximate=rough
19 side 边:aside 一旁;beside 在旁;reside 居住;preside 主持;divide 分割
固定搭配:stand aside to watch quietly 站在一旁静静观看;reside in the urban area 定居城区;preside over
the daily meeting 主持日常会议
易错点:preside 为不及物动词,固定搭配over,表主持会议、管控事务;reside 为正式书面居住,区别于
口语化的live
例句:The manager stood aside to watch staff preside over the divided regional work.(经理站在一旁,观摩员
工主持分区工作。)
同义词:reside=live;preside=host
20 front 前:forward 向前;forecast 预报;foresee 预见;forehead 前额;foremost 首要
固定搭配:move forward steadily 稳步向前推进;forecast weather and climate 预报天气气候;finish the
foremost task first 优先完成首要任务
易错点:foresee 侧重提前预判潜在风险、事态发展;forecast 侧重天气、数据、趋势的专业精准预报,二
者场景不同
例句:We foresee potential risks and move forward to complete the foremost work on schedule.(我们预判潜在
风险,稳步推进、按期完成首要工作。)
同义词:foresee=predict;foremost=primary
21 back 后:backward 向后;recede 后退;retreat 撤退;reverse 反转;reject 退回
固定搭配:step backward carefully 小心后退;recede from the coastal shore 远离海岸;reverse the negative
trend 逆转负面趋势
易错点:recede 多指潮水、情绪、局势、声音消退后退;retreat 多指军队、人群主动撤退、退让,语义场
景不同
例句:The tide recedes backward gradually, and we cannot reverse the delayed working progress.(潮水缓缓退
去,我们无法逆转滞后的工作进度。)
同义词:reverse=invert;retreat=withdraw
22 out 外:outside 外部;output 产出;outstand 突出;outrun 超过;outline 轮廓
固定搭配:outside natural environment 外部自然环境;daily industrial output 工业日产量;outline the overall
framework 勾勒整体框架
易错点:outstand 极少单独使用,固定搭配stand out 表突出、显眼;output 为不可数名词,表产量、产
出、成果,无复数
例句:High product output and unique outline make the brand outstand outside competitors.(高产量与独特外观
轮廓,让该品牌在竞品中脱颖而出。)
同义词:output=production;outline=sketch
23 in 内:inside 内部;input 输入;indoor 室内;inject 注入;inhabit 居住
固定搭配:inside building structure 建筑内部结构;input effective data 录入有效数据;inject new vitality 注
入全新活力
易错点:inhabit 为及物动词,直接接地点名词,无需加介词in;indoor 仅作定语修饰名词,不可作表语
例句:People inhabit the indoor space and inject new input into the internal system operation.(人们居住在室内
空间,为内部系统运转注入新的投入。)
同义词:inhabit=occupy;input=insert
24 cross 交叉:crossroad 十字路口;crosswise 交叉;interact 互动;interview 面谈;interior 内部
固定搭配:stand at the crossroad of life 站在人生的十字路口;crosswise spatial distribution 交叉空间分布;
interact with teammates actively 积极与队友互动
易错点:crossroad 表十字路口、关键抉择点时,必须使用复数crossroads;interior 特指建筑、空间、物体
内部,不用于抽象内部
例句:At the crossroad of career development, multiple factors interact in crosswise distribution.(在职业发展的
十字路口,多重要素交叉分布、相互影响。)
同义词:interact=communicate;interior=inner
25 single 单一:single 单一;singular 单数;unique 独特;unite 联合;uniform 统一
固定搭配:stick to a single core goal 坚守单一核心目标;singular noun form 名词单数形式;unified standard
and system 统一标准与体系
易错点:singular 除单数含义外,还可表示“非凡的、独特的”;uniform 侧重规格、标准、样式的统一,
不可用于抽象统一
例句:We unite scattered forces with a uniform standard to achieve a single development goal.(我们以统一标准
凝聚零散力量,达成单一的发展目标。)
同义词:unique=distinct;uniform=consistent
26 double 双:bicycle 自行车;bilingual 双语;bilateral 双边;duplicate 复制;twice 两次
固定搭配:bilingual teaching and education 双语教学教育;bilateral trade cooperation 双边贸易合作;
duplicate official files 复刻官方文件
易错点:bilateral 特指两国、双方之间的双边关系与合作;duplicate 侧重完全原样复刻,无任何修改、改
动
例句:The bilingual international conference focuses on bilateral trade and forbids duplicate documents.(这场双
语国际会议聚焦双边贸易,严禁文件复刻造假。)
同义词:duplicate=copy;bilateral=two-sided
27 many 多:multiply 繁殖;multiple 多样;multinational 跨国;numerous 大量;plural 复数
固定搭配:multiple development modes 多元化发展模式;multinational enterprise cooperation 跨国企业合
作;numerous practical problems 诸多实际问题
易错点:multiple 侧重种类、形式多样;numerous 直接修饰可数名词复数,表数量极多;plural 仅用于语
法复数形式
例句:Numerous multinational companies adopt multiple innovative development modes.(众多跨国企业采用多
元化的创新发展模式。)
同义词:numerous=many;multiple=diverse
28 whole 全部:complete 完整;integrate 整合;entire 全部;total 总计;integral 完整
固定搭配:complete the assigned task perfectly 完美完成既定任务;integrate scattered resources 整合零散资
源;total income and expenditure 总收支
易错点:entire 侧重整体无遗漏、无缺失;integral 侧重构成整体不可或缺的、基础性的完整,二者语义侧
重不同
例句:We integrate scattered resources to form an entire and integral working system.(我们整合零散资源,构
建完整统一的工作体系。)
同义词:entire=whole;integrate=combine
29 part 部分:partial 部分;participate 参与;portion 份额;depart 离开;separate 分开
固定搭配:achieve partial success 取得阶段性部分成功;participate in social activities 参与社会活动;a
portion of public funds 部分公共资金
易错点:participate 为不及物动词,必须搭配in 后接宾语;partial 含贬义,可指偏袒、不公,并非单纯的
部分
例句:We only achieved partial success after many core members departed from the team.(多名核心队员离队
后,我们仅取得了部分成效。)
同义词:portion=part;participate=join
30 city 城市:urban 城市;suburb 郊区;rural 乡村;village 村庄;metropolis 大都市
固定搭配:urban infrastructure construction 城市基础设施建设;suburb residential area 郊区住宅区;rural
economic development 乡村经济发展
易错点:urban 为正式书面用语,泛指所有城市的;metropolis 特指经济发达、规模宏大的核心大都市,
不用于普通城市
例句:Urban economic development strongly drives the growth of suburbs and rural villages.(城市经济发展有
力带动了郊区与乡村的发展。)
同义词:urban=city;rural=countryside
31 sea 海洋:marine 海洋;submarine 潜艇;ocean 大洋;coast 海岸;aquatic 水生
固定搭配:marine biological resources 海洋生物资源;coast environmental protection 海岸生态保护;aquatic
plants and animals 水生动植物
易错点:marine 专指海洋相关的、海上的;aquatic 泛指所有水生的,可用于江河湖海各类水域生物
例句:Rich marine resources and clean coast environment nurture various aquatic creatures.(丰富的海洋资源与
洁净的海岸环境,孕育了各类水生生物。)
同义词:marine=oceanic;aquatic=water-living
32 star 星星:astronomy 天文;astrology 占星;asteroid 小行星;disaster 灾难;stellar 星辰
固定搭配:astronomy scientific research 天文科研;asteroid observation and monitoring 小行星观测监测;
stellar movement rules 星辰运行规律
易错点:astronomy 是科学天文学;astrology 是玄学占星学,二者极易拼写混淆、语义误用;disaster 源
自星象异动,泛指各类灾难
例句:Astronomy researchers observe asteroid tracks and study stellar movement laws.(天文研究者观测小行星
轨迹,研究星辰运行规律。)
同义词:astronomy=astronomical science;disaster=catastrophe
33 air 空气:atmosphere 大气;aeroplane 飞机;aerobic 有氧;airport 机场;aerial 空中
固定搭配:atmosphere environmental protection 大气环境保护;aerobic exercise and fitness 有氧健身运动;
aerial photography 空中摄影
易错点:atmosphere 可指大气、氛围、气氛;aerial 仅作形容词,表空中的、航空的,不可作名词
例句:Clean atmosphere ensures safe aerial transportation and normal aerobic activities.(洁净的大气环境保障
航空运输安全与有氧活动正常开展。)
同义词:atmosphere=air;aerial=airborne
34 water 水:aquarium 水族馆;hydrate 补水;drain 排水;flood 洪水;liquid 液体
固定搭配:visit the city aquarium 参观城市水族馆;hydrate the skin regularly 定期给皮肤补水;drain
accumulated rainwater 排掉积水
易错点:hydrate 为专业正式用词,多用于生物、护肤、化学场景表补水、水合;drain 侧重排出积水、废
水,不用于净水输送
例句:We drain excess water and hydrate plants to avoid flood damage in rainy seasons.(雨季我们及时排水、
浇灌植物,规避洪涝灾害。)
同义词:hydrate=moisten;drain=empty
35 stone 石头:stone 石头;stony 坚硬;petroleum 石油;rock 岩石;granite 花岗岩
固定搭配:stony mountain terrain 坚硬的山地地形;rock stratum structure 岩石岩层结构;granite building
materials 花岗岩建材
易错点:stone 泛指普通石头、石料;rock 特指岩层、大块岩石、岩体;petroleum 是化石能源石油,词根
关联石材矿产
例句:The stony mountain area is rich in rock resources and high-quality granite.(这片石质山区富含岩石资源
与优质花岗岩。)
同义词:stone=rock;stony=hard
36 wood 木头:wooden 木制;timber 木材;forest 森林;lumber 木料;log 原木
固定搭配:wooden furniture and crafts 木制家具与工艺品;timber processing industry 木材加工业;original
forest resources 原始森林资源
易错点:timber 多指商用成材木材;lumber 多指加工后的木料;log 特指未加工的原木,三者细分场景不
同
例句:Local forest resources provide sufficient timber and log raw materials for processing.(当地森林资源为加
工产业提供充足的木材与原木原料。)
同义词:timber=wood;wooden=woody
37 light 光:illuminate 照亮;visible 可见;bright 明亮;luminous 发光;enlighten 启发
固定搭配:illuminate the dark corridor 照亮黑暗的走廊;luminous indicator light 发光指示灯;enlighten
students’ thinking 启发学生思维
易错点:illuminate 侧重人工、设备照亮;bright 可形容光线、色彩、性格明亮开朗;enlighten 侧重思
维、认知层面的启发
例句:The luminous lamp can illuminate the room and enlighten people’s positive attitude.(发光的灯具既能照
亮房间,也能启发人们积极的心态。)
同义词:illuminate=light up;enlighten=inspire
38 dark 黑暗:darkness 黑暗;dim 昏暗;obscure 模糊;shadow 阴影;gloomy 阴郁
固定搭配:the darkness of night 夜色昏暗;dim indoor light 昏暗的室内光线;shadow of failure 失败的阴影
易错点:dim 侧重光线微弱昏暗;obscure 侧重认知、文字、含义模糊晦涩;gloomy 可形容天气昏暗、心
情阴郁
例句:The dim light brings deep darkness and makes people feel gloomy and confused.(昏暗的光线带来浓重的
黑暗,让人倍感阴郁迷茫。)
同义词:dim=faint;gloomy=depressing
39 sound 声音:audio 音频;resound 回响;echo 回声;vocal 声音;resonance 共鸣
固定搭配:high-quality audio equipment 高品质音频设备;echo in the valley 在山谷中回荡;spiritual
resonance 精神共鸣
易错点:echo 指声音反射回声;resound 指声音持续回响、响彻;resonance 可指物理共振、情感共鸣
例句:The beautiful vocal music will echo in the hall and produce spiritual resonance.(优美的声乐在大厅回
荡,产生精神共鸣。)
同义词:echo=resound;vocal=voice
40 heat 热:thermal 热量;thermometer 温度计;warm 温暖;heat 加热;boil 煮沸
固定搭配:thermal energy utilization 热能利用;measure temperature with a thermometer 用温度计测温;heat
the food evenly 均匀加热食物
易错点:thermal 为专业形容词,表热量的、热力的,多用于科技、物理场景;boil 特指煮沸、沸腾,温
度高于普通加热
例句:We use thermal equipment to heat water and boil it for daily use.(我们利用热力设备加热水源,煮沸后
供日常使用。)
同义词:heat=warm up;thermal=calorific
41 cold 冷:cool 凉爽;freeze 冻结;frost 霜;icy 冰冷;refrigerate 冷藏
固定搭配:cool autumn climate 凉爽的秋日气候;water freeze in winter 冬季水结冰;refrigerate fresh food
冷藏新鲜食材
易错点:cool 是舒适凉爽;icy 是冰冷刺骨的;freeze 侧重液体冻结成固体,多用于低温场景
例句:The icy wind makes water freeze, so we refrigerate food to keep fresh.(凛冽寒风让水结冰,因此我们冷
藏食物保鲜。)
同义词:freeze=solidify;icy=frosty
42 fast 快:rapid 快速;accelerate 加速;swift 敏捷;hasten 催促;speed 速度
固定搭配:rapid economic growth 经济快速增长;accelerate the progress 加快进程;swift response and
action 敏捷的反应与行动
易错点:rapid 侧重速度、进程快;swift 侧重动作、反应敏捷迅速;hasten 侧重人为催促、加快进度
例句:We hasten to accelerate work speed and make rapid progress with swift execution.(我们主动加快工作速
度,高效执行、快速进步。)
同义词:rapid=fast;accelerate=speed up
43 slow 慢:slower 缓慢;decelerate 减速;lag 落后;delay 推迟;slowdown 放缓
固定搭配:decelerate the running speed 降低运行速度;lag behind peers 落后于同龄人;delay the schedule
推迟日程
易错点:decelerate 特指主动减速、降速;lag 侧重被动落后、滞后;delay 侧重人为拖延、推迟事务
例句:Do not lag behind or delay tasks, and decelerate appropriately to ensure quality.(切勿落后拖延,适度放
缓速度、保障质量。)
同义词:decelerate=slow down;lag=fall behind
44 high 高:height 高度;elevate 提升;altitude 海拔;superior 高级;lofty 高耸
固定搭配:measure the height of buildings 测量建筑高度;elevate personal ability 提升个人能力;high
altitude areas 高海拔地区
易错点:altitude 仅用于海拔高度;height 可用于实物、身高、高度;lofty 侧重高耸的、崇高的,含褒义
例句:The lofty mountain with high altitude has a height of over 5000 meters.(这座高海拔巍峨山峰,高度超
五千米。)
同义词:elevate=lift;altitude=elevation
45 low 低:lower 降低;depress 压低;basement 地下室;subordinate 下级;shallow 浅
固定搭配:lower the noise level 降低噪音等级;depress excessive price 压低虚高物价;shallow water area
浅水区
易错点:lower 是通用的降低、下调;depress 侧重压低价格、情绪、数值;subordinate 侧重职位、等级低
下
例句:We lower costs and depress risks in the shallow coastal basement area.(我们在浅海沿岸地下室区域降本
控险。)
同义词:lower=reduce;subordinate=inferior
46 big 大:enlarge 扩大;magnify 放大;massive 巨大;giant 巨型;expand 扩张
固定搭配:enlarge the living space 扩大居住空间;magnify tiny details 放大细微细节;expand market scale
扩张市场规模
易错点:magnify 侧重放大图像、细节、微小事物;enlarge 侧重尺寸、空间、范围扩大;expand 侧重规
模、体量扩张
例句:We enlarge the factory area and expand massive production scale steadily.(我们扩大厂区面积,稳步扩
张巨型生产规模。)
同义词:enlarge=increase;massive=huge
47 small 小:minimize 缩小;mini 迷你;minor 次要;tiny 微小;diminish 减少
固定搭配:minimize operational risks 缩小运营风险;minor problems and flaws 次要问题瑕疵;diminish
negative impact 减少负面影响
易错点:tiny 侧重体积、数量微小;minor 侧重地位、影响、程度次要;minimize 是人为主动缩小、最小
化
例句:We minimize tiny flaws and diminish minor negative influences in work.(我们严控工作微小瑕疵,减少
各类次要负面影响。)
同义词:minimize=reduce;tiny=little
48 heavy 重:weight 重量;burden 负担;load 装载;heavy 沉重;overload 超载
固定搭配:gain weight 增重;bear heavy work burden 承担繁重工作负担;avoid vehicle overload 避免车辆
超载
易错点:burden 侧重精神、心理、工作负担;load 侧重实物装载量、荷载;overload 特指超出额定荷载
的超载
例句:Excessive weight will bring heavy burden and lead to equipment overload.(过重的体量会带来沉重负
担,造成设备超载。)
同义词:burden=pressure;load=carry
49 light 轻:lightness 轻盈;lighten 减轻;unload 卸货;float 漂浮;weightless 失重
固定搭配:lighten psychological pressure 减轻心理压力;unload cargo on time 按时卸货;float on the water
surface 漂浮在水面
易错点:lighten 侧重减轻重量、压力、负担;unload 侧重卸下货物、荷载;weightless 特指物理失重状态
例句:The lightness of the device can lighten load and make it float weightlessly in the air.(设备的轻盈质感可
减轻荷载,使其无重漂浮空中。)
同义词:lighten=ease;float=drift
50 wide 宽:widen 拓宽;broad 宽阔;expand 拓宽;extensive 广阔;width 宽度
固定搭配:widen the urban road 拓宽城市道路;measure the width of the river 测量河流宽度;extensive land
resources 广阔的土地资源
易错点:widen 特指实物宽度拓宽;expand 可用于宽度、范围、规模全方位拓展;broad 侧重视野、胸
怀、面积宽阔
例句:We widen narrow roads and expand space to form extensive urban areas.(我们拓宽狭窄道路、拓展空
间,打造广阔的城区版图。)
同义词:widen=broaden;extensive=vast 知识点3 时空属性类词根词族(阅读词义猜测高频,年均考查占
比16%)
核心词根:geo 大地、chron 时间、trans 跨越、circ 环绕、mid 中间、post 后、pre 前、sub 下、super 上、
cent 百
考●向●破●译
考向1 词根推导词义考向
真题1(2026 新高考I 卷 完形填空)
When I decided to ______ my research paper to the professor, I was worried he would ______ my argument, for
the data I collected failed to ______ my main perspective.
A. submit; contradict; support
B. permit; predict; inspect
C. transmit; respect; attract
D. commit; suspect; oppose
词根拆解:submit=sub(向下)+mit(送)→递交;contradict=contra(相反)+dict(言说)→反驳;support=sup(辅助)
+port(支撑)→佐证
答案:A
真题2(2025 新高考II 卷 完形填空)
The team failed to ______ the hidden risks in the project, and the unexpected problem finally ______ the progress
of the whole experiment.
A. inspect; disrupted
B. expect; attracted
C. suspect; promoted
D. respect; progressed
词根拆解:inspect=in(深入)+spect(看)→核查、排查;disrupt=dis(否定)+rupt(破裂)→扰乱、阻碍;
promote=pro(向前)+mot(移动)→推进
答案:A
真题3(2024 新高考I 卷 完形填空)
We should ______ different opinions from others, which helps us avoid being ______ by our own limited thinking.
A. tolerate; restricted
B. contradict; separated
C. transmit; distracted
D. support; attracted
词根拆解:tolerate=toler(包容)+ate(动词后缀)→包容、接纳;restrict=re(反复)+strict(束缚)→限制、约束;
distract=dis(偏离)+tract(拉扯)→分心、干扰
答案:A
提分技巧
1. 词根定义核心法:完形辨析选项多为同词根派生词,优先拆解核心词根本义,锁定单词基础语义,快速
筛除词根语义与语境完全相悖的干扰项。
2. 前缀定逻辑法:依托前缀判断语义方向,否定前缀dis-/un-/contra-表反向、pro-/pre-表正向/前
置、sub-/under-表下位,精准匹配句子转折、递进、因果逻辑。
3. 语境动作适配法:重点匹配主谓宾动作关系,动作行为类词根词汇需贴合主语身份、宾语对象,规避动
作搭配不当的迷惑选项。
避坑指南
1. 规避形近词根混淆坑:mit(送)与miss(放)、port(运)与part(部分)等形近词根易混淆,切勿凭单词外形判
断词义,必须拆解词根本义。
2. 规避熟词僻义坑:高频词根词族词汇存在熟词僻义(如spect 除“看”还有“审视”义),完形语境优
先适配语境语义,不固化基础词义。
3. 规避同义冗余坑:部分派生词中文释义相近,但词根逻辑不同,正向语义词根不可用于否定语境,反向
语义词根不可用于积极语境。
解题步骤
步骤1:标注4 个选项单词,快速拆解核心词根、前缀,标注基础语义与情感方向(正向/反向/中性);
步骤2:分析空格前后句子逻辑,判定所需动作、语义、情感属性;
步骤3:匹配词根语义与语境逻辑,初步排除错误选项;
步骤4:验证剩余选项的固定搭配、主谓宾适配性,锁定最终答案。
考向2 词缀词性转换考向
真题1(2025 新高考II 卷 语法填空)
The young scientist’s research, which combines traditional methods with modern technology, has gained great
______ (popular) among young students.
词缀拆解:popular(adj. 流行的、受欢迎的)+ 名词后缀-ity(表性质、状态)→popularity n. 人气、普及
度
标准答案:popularity
真题2(2026 全国甲卷 语法填空)
With the ______ (develop) of digital technology, online learning has become increasingly common in rural areas.
词缀拆解:develop(v. 发展)+ 名词后缀-ment(表行为、结果)→development n. 发展、进展
标准答案:development
真题3(2024 新高考II 卷 语法填空)
The ______ (sustain) of ecological balance depends on the joint efforts of every citizen.
词缀拆解:sustain(v. 维持、支撑)+ 名词后缀-ability(表能力、可持续状态)→sustainability n. 可持续
性
标准答案:sustainability
提分技巧
1. 句子成分定位法:快速判断空格所作句子成分,主语、宾语、表语必填名词;修饰名词用形容词;修饰
动词/整句用副词,精准锁定变形方向。
2. 固定后缀速变法:熟记高频词性转换后缀,adj.→n.常用-ity/-ness/-tion/-ment;v.→n.常用-tion/-ment/-
ance;adj.→adv.常用-ly,实现秒变形。
3. 词根语义校验法:变形后结合词根本义校验语义,确保单词含义贴合句子语境,杜绝词性正确但语义不
符的隐性失分。
避坑指南
1. 规避后缀混用坑:同义后缀不可随意替换,表“性质状态”优先用-ity,表“行为结果”优先用-ment,
表“抽象名词”优先用-tion,高考阅卷严格区分。
2. 规避词性固化坑:部分单词多词性(如present 兼具动/名/形容词),不可仅凭单词原形定性,必须结合
句子成分判断变形规则。
3. 规避拼写变形坑:词缀变形注意拼写变化,部分单词加后缀需去e、双写辅音、变词根拼写,切勿直接
生硬拼接后缀导致拼写错误。
解题步骤
步骤1:分析句子结构,精准判定空格所需词性(名/形/副/动);
步骤2:结合题干给出的基础单词,匹配对应高频转换后缀;
步骤3:修正单词拼写变形(去e、双写、词根变形);
步骤4:代入原句校验语义、语法、单复数,确保完全合规。
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
知●识●解●构
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
01 un-不:unfair 不公;unhappy 难过;unable 不能;uncover 揭露;unlock 解锁
固定搭配:unfair treatment 不公待遇;be unable to do sth. 无法做某事;unlock potential 解锁潜能
易错点:un-此处表纯粹否定语义,uncover、unlock 为反向动作,并非否定,需区分两类语义用法
例句:It is unfair to judge a person by appearance, and we should unlock their inner potential instead of being
unhappy.(以貌取人是不公的,我们应发掘他人内在潜能,而非心生不悦。)
同义词:unfair=unjust;unable=incapable;uncover=expose
02 un-反向:undo 撤销;unfold 展开;unload 卸货;unpack 拆包;unwind 放松
固定搭配:undo a decision 撤销决定;unfold a map 展开地图;unwind after work 下班后放松
易错点:un-反向前缀仅适配动作类词汇,无形容词否定含义,所有词汇均为动词,不可作形容词使用
例句:She decided to undo her previous plan, unfold the new document and unwind herself after busy work.(她
决定撤销原定计划,展开新文件,在忙碌工作后放松身心。)
同义词:undo=cancel;unfold=spread;unwind=relax
03 dis-否定:disagree 不同意;dislike 厌恶;disappear 消失;disbelieve 怀疑;dishonest 不诚实
固定搭配:disagree with sb. 不同意某人;dislike doing sth. 厌恶做某事;disappear from sight 消失不见
易错点:disagree 后固定搭配介词with,不可接to;disbelieve 侧重“刻意不信”,区别于doubt 的不确定怀
疑
例句:I disagree with his dishonest behavior and disbelieve the false news that suddenly disappeared.(我不认同
他不诚实的行为,也不相信这条突然消失的假消息。)
同义词:disagree=object;disappear=vanish;dishonest=untruthful
04 dis-分离:disconnect 断开;discover 发现;distrust 不信任;disturb 打扰;distribute 分配
固定搭配:disconnect from 断开连接;disturb sb. 打扰某人;distribute resources 分配资源
易错点:discover 侧重“发现已有未知事物”,不可与invent(发明新事物)混用;distribute 为及物动词,
可直接接宾语
例句:Please do not disturb others and disconnect your device before we distribute the learning materials.(分发
学习资料前,请勿打扰他人并断开设备连接。)
同义词:disconnect=separate;disturb=bother;distribute=allocate
05 in-否定:incorrect 错误;inactive 懒惰;invisible 隐形;indirect 间接;incomplete 残缺
固定搭配:incorrect answer 错误答案;inactive in study 学习懈怠;incomplete information 残缺信息
易错点:in-为通用否定前缀,不用于b/p/m/l/r 开头单词;inactive 侧重“状态不活跃”,非单纯贬义懒惰
例句:The invisible problem leads to an indirect result and makes the collected data incomplete and incorrect.(隐
形问题引发间接结果,导致收集的数据残缺且有误。)
同义词:incorrect=wrong;invisible=unseen;incomplete=unfinished
06 im-(b/p/m 前):impossible 不可能;impolite 无礼;immoral 不道德;immobile 静止;impure 不纯
固定搭配:it is impossible to do 做某事不可能;impolite behavior 无礼行为;immobile state 静止状态
易错点:im-仅用于b/p/m 辅音开头单词,是in-的变形前缀;impure 可形容实物、思想不纯,适用范围广
例句:It is impolite and immoral to hold impure thoughts, and it is impossible to change the immobile rule
casually.(心存杂念、言行无礼失德,且既定规则静止不变、不可随意更改。)
同义词:impossible=unlikely;impolite=rude;immoral=unethical
07 il-(l 前):illegal 非法;illogical 不合逻辑;illiterate 文盲;illegible 字迹模糊;illimitable 无限
固定搭配:illegal behavior 非法行为;illogical reasoning 不合逻辑的推理;illimitable space 无限空间
易错点:il-仅用于l 开头单词;illiterate 可作形容词、名词,表“文盲的;文盲”,词性灵活
例句:It is illogical and illegal for illiterate people to spread false information in illimitable public network space.
(文盲人群在无限的公共网络空间传播虚假信息,既不合逻辑也涉嫌违法。)
同义词:illegal=unlawful;illogical=irrational;illimitable=infinite
08 ir-(r 前):irregular 不规则;irresponsible 不负责任;irrelative 无关;irritable 易怒;irrelevant 不相关
固定搭配:irregular time 不规则时间;be irresponsible for 对…不负责任;irrelevant to 与…无关
易错点:ir-仅用于r 开头单词;irritable 形容人情绪易怒,不可形容事物;irrelevant 固定搭配to
例句:He is irresponsible for his work, has irregular working hours and is irritable about irrelevant trivial matters.
(他工作不负责任,作息不规律,还会因无关琐事易怒暴躁。)
同义词:irregular=uneven;irresponsible=unreliable;irritable=fussy
09 mis-错误:misunderstand 误解;mislead 误导;misjudge 误判;misplace 放错;misspell 拼错
固定搭配:misunderstand sb.’s intention 误解某人意图;mislead sb. into doing 误导某人做某事
易错点:mis-表“错误、失误”,所有词汇均含动作偏差含义;misspell、misplace 为日常高频易错考点
例句:Do not misunderstand the instructions, or you will misspell words and misjudge the task difficulty.(不要
误解指令,否则会出现拼写错误、误判任务难度。)
同义词:misunderstand=misconceive;mislead=deceive;misjudge=miscalculate
10 anti-反/抗:antibiotic 抗生素;antiwar 反战;antifreeze 防冻;antirust 防锈;anti-social 孤僻
固定搭配:take antibiotics 服用抗生素;antiwar movement 反战运动;antirust coating 防锈涂层
易错点:anti-表“对抗、反对”,专属主题词汇固定搭配,不可随意替换前缀;anti-social 为高考阅读高频
词
例句:The antiwar activist uses antirust and antifreeze materials and refuses to be anti-social in daily life.(这位
反战人士日常使用防锈防冻材料,且性格开朗、绝不孤僻疏离。)
同义词:antiwar=peace-loving;antifreeze=freeze-proof;anti-social=unsociable
11 non-无/非:nonstop 直达;nonfiction 纪实;nonhuman 非人类;nonprofit 非营利;nonsense 废话
固定搭配:nonstop flight 直达航班;nonprofit organization 非营利组织;talk nonsense 说废话
易错点:non-表“无、非、不具备属性”,语义弱于un-/dis-否定前缀,无强烈贬义
例句:This nonprofit organization provides nonstop service and publishes nonfiction works without nonhuman
intervention.(该非营利机构提供直达服务,出版纪实作品,无外力干预。)
同义词:nonstop=direct;nonprofit=non-commercial;nonsense=rubbish
12 de-去除/反向:decrease 减少;devalue 贬值;decode 解码;deforest 砍伐;defrost 解冻
固定搭配:decrease pollution 减少污染;devalue currency 货币贬值;decode information 解码信息
易错点:de-兼具“去除、反向、降低”三重含义,适配动词词汇;deforest 特指过度砍伐林木
例句:Excessive deforestation will devalue ecological resources and decrease the self-repairing ability of nature.
(过度砍伐会导致生态资源贬值,降低自然自愈能力。)
同义词:decrease=reduce;devalue=depreciate;decode=decipher
13 un-抽象否定:unconscious 无意识;unreasonable 无理;unsteady 不稳;unusual 独特
固定搭配:unconscious behavior 无意识行为;unreasonable demand 无理要求;unsteady mood 情绪不稳
易错点:此类un-否定适配抽象状态、思维、情绪,不用于实物;unusual 为褒义,表“独特不凡”
例句:His unconscious and unreasonable words lead to unsteady atmosphere and bring unusual trouble.(他无意
识的无理言论造成氛围失衡,带来额外麻烦。)
同义词:unconscious=unaware;unreasonable=absurd;unsteady=unstable
14 dis-抽象否定:discomfort 不适;disorder 混乱;disadvantage 劣势;disobey 违抗;disrespect 无礼
固定搭配:physical discomfort 身体不适;social disorder 社会混乱;disobey rules 违抗规则
易错点:dis-抽象否定多形容状态、行为、人际关系负面状态;disadvantage 为写作高频替换词
例句:Disrespect for others will cause interpersonal disorder and become a huge disadvantage in social life.(待
人无礼会造成人际混乱,成为社交生活中的一大劣势。)
同义词:discomfort=unease;disorder=chaos;disadvantage=drawback
15 in-抽象否定:independent 独立;inaccurate 不准确;inadequate 不足;insecure 不安;insincere 虚伪
固定搭配:independent thinking 独立思考;inaccurate data 不准确数据;inadequate resources 资源不足
易错点:in-抽象否定侧重认知、状态、条件缺陷;independent 为高考核心高频词,固定搭配be
independent of
例句:Insincere communication leads to inaccurate judgment and makes people feel insecure with inadequate
support.(虚伪的沟通会造成判断偏差,资源支撑不足会让人内心不安。)
同义词:independent=self-reliant;inaccurate=imprecise;inadequate=insufficient
16 mis-行为错误:mismanage 管理失误;misread 读错;mishear 听错;misinform 误导;misremember 记
错
固定搭配:mismanage a project 项目管理失误;misread a sentence 读错句子;misinform the public 误导大众
易错点:所有词汇均为日常行为失误,语义轻微,无强烈贬义;misinform 侧重信息传递错误
例句:If you mishear the instructions, you may mismanage the work and misinform your teammates.(听错指令
会导致工作管理失误,进而误导队友。)
同义词:mismanage=mishandle;misread=misinterpret;misinform=mislead
17 anti-社会类:anti-discrimination 反歧视;anti-pollution 防污染;anti-violence 反暴力;anti-age 抗衰;
anti-fake 防伪
固定搭配:anti-discrimination policy 反歧视政策;anti-pollution measures 防污染措施;anti-fake label 防伪标
签
易错点:社会类anti-词汇多为复合形容词/名词,是应用文写作热点词汇,固定搭配不可随意改动
例句:We advocate anti-discrimination and anti-violence ideas and strictly implement anti-pollution rules.(我们
倡导反歧视、反暴力理念,严格落实防污染规定。)
同义词:anti-pollution=environment-friendly;anti-violence=peaceful
18 non-学术类:nonverbal 非语言;nonacademic 非学术;nonmedical 非医疗;nonnative 非本土;
nonprofessional 业余
固定搭配:nonverbal communication 非语言沟通;nonnative species 外来物种;nonprofessional worker 业余
从业者
易错点:non-学术类词汇多用于阅读科普、教育类文本,区分专业与非专业属性,无褒贬
例句:Nonacademic knowledge and nonverbal skills help nonnative students adapt to new life quickly.(非学术
知识与非语言沟通技巧,能帮助外来学生快速适应新生活。)
同义词:nonverbal=body-language;nonprofessional=amateur
19 de-动作反向:depart 离开;descend 下降;degenerate 退化;demolish 摧毁;detach 分离
固定搭配:depart from 出发、离开;descend slowly 缓缓下降;detach from 从…分离
易错点:de-反向动作多为动态变化;descend 是上升ascend 的反义词;degenerate 侧重能力、状态退化
例句:If you depart from self-discipline, your ability will degenerate and your status will descend gradually.(一
旦背离自律,个人能力会退化,阶层也会逐步下滑。)
同义词:depart=leave;descend=fall;degenerate=deteriorate
20 un-情绪否定:ungrateful 忘恩;unselfish 无私;unwilling 不情愿;unconfident 自卑;unconcerned 冷
漠
固定搭配:be ungrateful for kindness 忘恩负义;be unwilling to do 不情愿做;be unconcerned about 对…冷漠
易错点:此类词汇均形容人物情绪、态度;unselfish 为褒义否定,其余多为贬义
例句:Unconfident people are often unwilling to try and seem unconcerned about gains and losses.(自卑的人往
往不愿尝试,看似对得失淡然,实则心态怯懦。)
同义词:ungrateful=thankless;unselfish=selfless;unwilling=reluctant
21 dis-人际否定:disunion 分裂;disloyal 不忠;disgust 厌恶;disappoint 失望;discourage 泄气
固定搭配:social disunion 社会分裂;be disloyal to 对…不忠;discourage sb. 使某人泄气
易错点:dis-人际否定侧重人际关系、情感态度负面变化;discourage 后可接sb. from doing sth.
例句:Disloyal words will cause team disunion and disappoint teammates, discouraging everyone’s enthusiasm.
(不忠言论会造成团队分裂、让队友失望,打击所有人的积极性。)
同义词:disunion=division;disgust=repulsion;discourage=dishearten
22 im-能力否定:impatient 急躁;impractical 不切实际;impotent 无力;imprudent 鲁莽
固定搭配:be impatient with sb. 对某人急躁;impractical plan 不切实际的计划;imprudent behavior 鲁莽行
为
易错点:im-能力否定侧重个人性格、行事能力缺陷;impotent 侧重客观无力,非生理缺陷
例句:It is imprudent and impractical to be impatient with others and take impotent measures.(待人急躁、采取
无效措施,既鲁莽又不切实际。)
同义词:impatient=restless;impractical=unrealistic;imprudent=reckless
23 ir-逻辑否定:irrational 不理性;irrevocable 不可撤销;irreplaceable 不可替代;irresponsible 失职
固定搭配:irrational behavior 不理性行为;irrevocable decision 不可撤销的决定;irreplaceable value 无可替
代的价值
易错点:ir-逻辑否定多用于正式书面语境,是阅读、改错高频考点,语义程度较重
例句:An irresponsible decision may bring irrevocable loss and waste irreplaceable social resources.(失职的决
策会造成无法挽回的损失,浪费无可替代的社会资源。)
同义词:irrational=illogical;irrevocable=irreversible;irreplaceable=unique
24 il-规则否定:illegitimate 非法;illicit 违禁;illiberal 狭隘;illegal 违规;illogical 矛盾
固定搭配:illegitimate income 非法收入;illicit goods 违禁物品;illiberal mindset 狭隘思维
易错点:il-规则否定侧重违背法律、规则、思维逻辑,多用于正式评判语境
例句:Illicit trade and illegitimate behavior are illegal and reflect illiberal and illogical thinking.(违禁交易与非
法行为既违规违法,也体现了狭隘矛盾的思维。)
同义词:illegitimate=unlawful;illicit=forbidden;illiberal=narrow-minded
25 in-认知否定:invisible 看不见;incredible 难以置信;inexpressible 难以言表;inaccessible 难以到达;
inestimable 无价
固定搭配:invisible power 无形力量;incredible achievement 惊人成就;inestimable value 无价价值
易错点:in-认知否定侧重感官、认知、能力无法触及,多为书面高级词汇,写作加分
例句:The invisible effort brings incredible progress and creates inestimable value for inaccessible areas.(无形的
付出造就惊人进步,为偏远地区创造无价价值。)
同义词:incredible=amazing;inexpressible=unspeakable;inestimable=priceless
26 mis-判断错误:misestimate 误估;misinterpret 曲解;misjudgment 误判;misconception 误解;
misunderstanding 误会
固定搭配:misestimate the cost 误估成本;misinterpret the meaning 曲解含义;avoid misunderstanding 避免误
会
易错点:此类词汇均为认知判断失误,是阅读推理题高频陷阱,词义贴近易混淆
例句:A single misconception will make you misinterpret the rules and misestimate the final result.(一处认知误
区就会让人曲解规则、误判最终结果。)
同义词:misestimate=miscalculate;misinterpret=misread;misconception=misunderstanding
27 anti-生物类:antibody 抗体;antigen 抗原;antiviral 抗病毒;antibacterial 抗菌;antioxidant 抗氧化
固定搭配:produce antibody 产生抗体;antiviral drug 抗病毒药物;antibacterial soap 抗菌香皂
易错点:生物类anti-词汇为科普阅读专属词汇,固定搭配固定,无需随意拓展变形
例句:Antiviral and antibacterial substances can help the body produce antibodies to resist viruses.(抗病毒、抗
菌物质能帮助身体产生抗体,抵御病毒侵袭。)
同义词:antiviral=virus-resistant;antibacterial=germ-resistant
28 de-数值反向:deflate 放气;depress 压低;degrade 降级;decelerate 减速;deduct 扣除
固定搭配:deflate a balloon 给气球放气;depress prices 压低物价;decelerate speed 减速
易错点:de-数值反向侧重数值、等级、速度降低,均为动词,词性固定
例句:We have to deduct extra fees and decelerate progress to avoid degrading the overall quality.(我们需扣除
额外费用、放缓进度,避免整体品质降级。)
同义词:deflate=empty;depress=lower;decelerate=slow down
29 un-物品反向:untie 解开;unbutton 解扣;unzip 拉开;unfold 摊开;unstrap 解绑
固定搭配:untie the rope 解开绳子;unzip the bag 拉开包链;unfold the paper 摊开纸张
易错点:un-物品反向仅适配实物操作动词,动作指向明确,无抽象含义
例句:He untied the strap, unzipped his schoolbag and unfolded the exercise paper carefully.(他解开绑带、拉开
书包,小心翼翼摊开练习卷。)
同义词:untie=loosen;unfold=spread out;unzip=open
30 dis-物品分离:disassemble 拆解;disconnect 断电;disjoin 拆分;dislodge 移出;dissect 解剖
固定搭配:disassemble a machine 拆解机器;disconnect the power 断电;dissect a specimen 解剖标本
易错点:dis-物品分离侧重整体拆分、断开连接,多用于机械、实物、科研场景
例句:Before disassembling the equipment, we must disconnect the power to avoid safety risks.(拆解设备前,
必须切断电源,规避安全隐患。)
同义词:disassemble=dismantle;disconnect=cut off;dissect=analyze
31 non-日常类:nonalcoholic 无酒精;non-smoking 禁烟;non-stick 不粘锅;non-toxic 无毒;non-woven
无纺布
固定搭配:nonalcoholic drink 无酒精饮品;non-smoking area 禁烟区;non-stick pan 不粘锅
易错点:日常类non-词汇多为生活常用形容词,高考完形、阅读高频基础词
例句:This non-toxic non-stick cookware is suitable for non-smoking families and nonalcoholic catering
occasions.(这款无毒不粘锅适配无烟家庭及无酒精餐饮场景。)
同义词:nonalcoholic=alcohol-free;non-toxic=harmless;non-smoking=smoke-free
32 in-状态否定:incomplete 未完成;indefinite 模糊;infinite 无限;invisible 隐形;inactive 闲置
固定搭配:incomplete task 未完成任务;indefinite time 模糊时间;infinite possibility 无限可能
易错点:in-状态否定侧重事物当前存续状态缺陷,可形容实物、抽象事物
例句:Inactive equipment and incomplete plans will bring indefinite risks to infinite development space.(闲置的
设备、未完善的方案,会给无限的发展空间带来未知风险。)
同义词:incomplete=unfinished;indefinite=vague;infinite=endless
33 im-状态否定:immovable 固定;immortal 不朽;immaculate 无瑕;immobile 静止;immodest 轻浮
固定搭配:immovable principle 固定原则;immortal spirit 不朽精神;immaculate work 无瑕作品
易错点:im-状态否定多为书面高级词汇,immortal、immaculate 为写作高分替换词
例句:His immaculate works and immortal spirit are immovable in the hearts of readers.(他完美的作品与不朽
的精神,在读者心中根深蒂固、无可撼动。)
同义词:immovable=fixed;immortal=eternal;immaculate=perfect
34 ir-状态否定:irregular 变形;irremovable 无法移除;irreplaceable 独一无二;irresponsive 无回应;
irritable 烦躁
固定搭配:irregular shape 变形形态;irremovable stain 无法去除的污渍;irresponsive system 无响应系统
易错点:ir-状态否定侧重形态、功能、状态异常,多用于事物描述
例句:The irregular equipment is irresponsive and has irremovable flaws, but its design is irreplaceable.(这款设
备形态异常、响应失灵且瑕疵难除,但设计独一无二。)
同义词:irregular=abnormal;irremovable=permanent;irreplaceable=unique
35 il-状态否定:ill-defined 模糊;ill-balanced 失衡;ill-fitting 不合身;ill-timed 不合时宜;ill-natured 脾气
差
固定搭配:ill-defined target 模糊的目标;ill-balanced structure 失衡结构;ill-timed remark 不合时宜的言论
易错点:il-状态否定多为合成形容词,描述状态、适配度、时机缺陷
例句:Ill-defined goals and ill-balanced mentality will lead to ill-timed behaviors and ill-natured moods.(目标模
糊、心态失衡,会导致言行失时、脾气暴躁。)
同义词:ill-defined=vague;ill-balanced=unbalanced;ill-timed=inappropriate
36 mis-文字错误:misprint 印刷错误;misquote 错误引用;mislabel 贴错标签;misdate 写错日期;
misname 叫错名字
固定搭配:find a misprint 发现印刷错误;misquote a sentence 错误引用句子;mislabel products 给产品贴错
标签
易错点:此类词汇均为文字、标识、记录类失误,是短文改错细节考点
例句:Do not misdate the document or misquote sentences, or there will be misprint and mislabel problems.(切
勿写错文件日期、错误引用语句,否则会出现印刷、标签错误。)
同义词:misprint=typo;misquote=miscite;mislabel=mismark
37 anti-科技类:anti-virus 杀毒;anti-interference 抗干扰;anti-radiation 防辐射;anti-shock 防震;anti-
glare 防眩光
固定搭配:anti-virus software 杀毒软件;anti-interference technology 抗干扰技术;anti-glare screen 防眩光屏
幕
易错点:科技类anti-词汇为现代科技主题专属词,阅读C/D 篇高频词汇
例句:This anti-radiation and anti-shock device has strong anti-interference and anti-glare functions.(这款防辐
射、防震设备,具备强效抗干扰、防眩光功能。)
同义词:anti-virus=virus-proof;anti-radiation=radiation-resistant
38 de-化学反向:dehydrate 脱水;deoxidize 脱氧;decontaminate 净化;decolor 褪色;desalt 脱盐
固定搭配:dehydrate food 食物脱水;deoxidize metal 金属脱氧;decontaminate sewage 污水净化
易错点:de-化学反向为科普化学类词汇,仅用于物质化学反应场景
例句:We need to decontaminate the seawater and desalt it, then deoxidize the processed water.(我们需净化海
水、脱去盐分,再对处理后的水质进行脱氧处理。)
同义词:dehydrate=dry;decontaminate=purify;desalt=desalinate
39 un-规则否定:unauthorized 未授权;unregistered 未登记;unregulated 无监管;unlicensed 无证;
unofficial 非官方
固定搭配:unauthorized access 未授权访问;unregistered company 未登记公司;unlicensed shop 无证商铺
易错点:un-规则否定侧重违背规章制度、官方流程,多用于社会、职场、网络场景
例句:Unofficial and unregulated platforms prohibit unregistered users and unlicensed merchants from entering.
(非官方、无监管平台禁止未登记用户及无证商户入驻。)
同义词:unauthorized=unapproved;unlicensed=unlicensed;unofficial=informal
40 dis-规则否定:disqualified 不合格;disapproved 不批准;dismiss 开除;disbar 取消资格;disallow 禁止
固定搭配:be disqualified from competition 比赛不合格;disapprove a plan 不批准方案;disallow bad behavior
禁止不良行为
易错点:dis-规则否定侧重官方、制度层面的否定、撤销、禁止,语义正式严肃
例句:The committee disapproves his application and disqualified him, disallowing any further appeal.(委员会
驳回他的申请、判定其不合格,禁止后续申诉。)
同义词:disqualified=ineligible;disapprove=reject;disallow=forbid
41 in-权利否定:invalid 无效;ineligible 无资格;incompetent 无能;incapable 无能力;indebted 负债
固定搭配:invalid contract 无效合同;ineligible for qualification 无参赛资格;incompetent staff 无能员工
易错点:in-权利否定侧重资格、能力、权益缺失,多用于职场、考试、法律场景
例句:Incompetent and incapable staff are ineligible for the post and their temporary certificate is invalid.(能力
不足的员工无岗位任职资格,临时证书也视为无效。)
同义词:invalid=void;incompetent=unskilled;incapable=unable
42 im-权利否定:immoral 不道德;imprison 关押;impoverish 使贫困;impair 损害
固定搭配:immoral conduct 不道德行为;imprison criminals 关押罪犯;impair rights 损害权益
易错点:im-权利否定侧重道德、权益、人身自由层面的负面行为
例句:Immoral behaviors will impair personal reputation and even impoverish one’s future development.(不道德
行为会损害个人声誉,甚至断送未来发展。)
同义词:immoral=unethical;impair=damage;impoverish=deplete
43 mis-社交错误:misbehave 行为失当;miscommunicate 沟通失误;misreact 反应过激;misdeal 处理不
当;misjudge 识人不清
固定搭配:misbehave in public 公共场合行为失当;miscommunicate with others 沟通失误;misreact to
pressure 面对压力过激反应
易错点:mis-社交错误侧重人际交往、处事言行失误,读后续写场景高频词
例句:If you misjudge others and miscommunicate frequently, you will misbehave and misdeal with social affairs.
(识人不准、频繁沟通失误,会导致言行失当、处事不周。)
同义词:misbehave=act improperly;miscommunicate=misconnect;misreact=overreact
44 anti-自然类:anti-flood 防洪;anti-drought 抗旱;anti-wind 防风;anti-cold 防寒;anti-hail 防冰雹
固定搭配:anti-flood project 防洪工程;anti-drought measures 抗旱措施;anti-wind wall 防风墙
易错点:自然类anti-词汇为生态、灾害主题专属词,应用文环保话题高频
例句:We build anti-flood and anti-wind facilities and take anti-drought measures to protect the ecological
environment.(我们修建防洪防风设施,落实抗旱举措,保护生态环境。)
同义词:anti-flood=flood-resistant;anti-drought=drought-resistant
45 non-运动类:non-competitive 非竞技;non-professional 业余;non-contact 无接触;non-athlete 非运动
员;non-team 单人
固定搭配:non-competitive activity 非竞技活动;non-contact sport 无接触运动;non-professional player 业余
选手
易错点:运动类non-词汇区分竞技与休闲、专业与业余,阅读体育类文本常用
例句:This non-competitive non-contact sport is suitable for non-professional lovers and non-athletes.(这项非竞
技、无接触运动,适合业余爱好者及非专业运动人群。)
同义词:non-competitive=recreational;non-professional=amateur
46 de-社会反向:demilitarize 非军事化;depoliticize 去政治化;decentralize 分权;desegregate 废除隔
离;decolonize 去殖民
固定搭配:demilitarize the region 区域非军事化;decentralize power 下放权力;desegregate races 废除种族隔
离
易错点:社会类de-词汇为书面时政高级词汇,阅读时政类文本拓展词
例句:Many regions advocate depoliticize development and decentralize power to promote social equality.(诸多
地区倡导发展去政治化、权力下放,推动社会平等。)
同义词:decentralize=devolve;desegregate=integrate
47 un-心理否定:unafraid 无畏;unashamed 无愧;unbiased 公正;unselfish 无私;unworried 无忧
固定搭配:be unafraid of challenges 不惧挑战;unbiased judgment 公正评判;unselfish dedication 无私奉献
易错点:此类un-否定多为褒义,形容正向心理品质,写作人物塑造加分词
例句:Unselfish and unbiased people are unafraid of difficulties and unworried about gains and losses.(无私公正
的人,不惧困境、看淡得失、内心坦然。)
同义词:unafraid=fearless;unbiased=impartial;unselfish=selfless
48 dis-心理否定:discontent 不满;disgusted 恶心;disheartened 沮丧;disillusioned 幻想破灭;distressed
痛苦
固定搭配:feel discontent with 对…不满;be disheartened by failure 因失败沮丧;be distressed by misfortune
因不幸痛苦
易错点:dis-心理否定均为负面情绪,读后续写心理描写高频替换词
例句:Continuous setbacks make him discontented, disheartened and even disillusioned with life.(接连的挫折让
他心生不满、情绪低落,甚至对生活幻想破灭。)
同义词:discontent=dissatisfied;disheartened=discouraged;distressed=suffering
49 in-物理否定:indestructible 不可摧毁;indivisible 不可分割;inflammable 易燃;insoluble 不可溶解;
insulating 绝缘
固定搭配:indestructible material 不可摧毁的材料;indivisible whole 不可分割的整体;insulating layer 绝缘
层
易错点:in-物理否定形容实物物理属性,科普阅读高频,inflammable 易错译为“不易燃”,实为易燃
例句:This insulating material is indestructible and insoluble, but highly inflammable in high temperature.(这款
绝缘材质坚固不毁、无法溶解,但高温下极易燃烧。)
同义词:indestructible=unbreakable;indivisible=inseparable;insulating=heat-insulated
50 im-物理否定:impermeable 不透水;impervious 不受影响;immovable 稳固;impenetrable 不可穿透;
impassable 无法通行
固定搭配:impermeable fabric 不透水面料;impervious to interference 不受干扰;impassable road 无法通行的
道路
易错点:im-物理否定侧重实物防护、通行、稳定属性,科技、生活文本常用
例句:The impermeable and impenetrable wall is immovable and impervious to external impact.(这面不透水、
不可穿透的墙体稳固坚实,不受外界冲击影响。)
同义词:impermeable=waterproof;impenetrable=unpierceable;impassable=unpassable
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
01 -tion 名词组:educate→education;inform→information;create→creation;operate→operation;
pollute→pollution
固定搭配:receive education 接受教育;collect information 收集信息;artistic creation 艺术创作;daily
operation 日常运作;air pollution 空气污染
易错点:-tion 为最通用名词后缀,无变形拼写误区;pollution、information 为不可数名词,无复数形式
例句:Quality education helps students absorb useful information and inspire artistic creation.(优质教育助力学
生吸纳有效信息,激发艺术创作。)
同义词:education=schooling;information=data;pollution=contamination
02 -ment 名词组:develop→development;achieve→achievement;agree→agreement;
argue→argument;judge→judgment
固定搭配:social development 社会发展;great achievement 卓越成就;reach an agreement 达成共识;have
an argument 产生争执;fair judgment 公正评判
易错点:judgment 美式拼写、judgement 英式拼写均合规;argument 侧重理性争辩,区别于quarrel 日常争
吵
例句:Continuous development brings numerous achievements and reduces unnecessary arguments.(持续发展
造就诸多成就,减少无谓纷争。)
同义词:development=progress;achievement=accomplishment;agreement=consensus
03 -ness 名词组:happy→happiness;kind→kindness;dark→darkness;weak→weakness;sick→sickness
固定搭配:pursue happiness 追求幸福;show kindness 展现善意;the darkness of night 夜色;overcome
weakness 克服弱点;recover from sickness 病愈
易错点:-ness 后缀均为抽象不可数名词,统一无复数;weakness 可指身体虚弱或性格短板
例句:True happiness comes from kindness and self-improvement that makes up for weakness.(真正的幸福源于
善意与弥补短板的自我提升。)
同义词:happiness=joy;kindness=benevolence;weakness=shortcoming
04 -ity 名词组:popular→popularity;active→activity;diverse→diversity;reliable→reliability;
simple→simplicity
固定搭配:gain popularity 收获人气;outdoor activities 户外活动;cultural diversity 文化多元;ensure
reliability 确保可靠性;the simplicity of life 生活质朴
易错点:-ity 多用于形容词转抽象名词,simplicity 侧重事物简洁属性,区别于simpleness 单纯简单
例句:The popularity of the activity lies in its diversity, reliability and simplicity.(这项活动的受欢迎之处在于
其多元性、可靠性与简洁性。)
同义词:popularity=fame;diversity=variety;simplicity=plainness
05 -ful 形容词组:care→careful;hope→hopeful;pain→painful;power→powerful;fruit→fruitful
固定搭配:be careful with 小心对待;be hopeful about 对…满怀希望;painful experience 痛苦经历;powerful
influence 深远影响;fruitful cooperation 高效合作
易错点:-ful 后缀形容词表正向/具象属性,无比较级特殊变形,直接加more/most 即可
例句:A careful and hopeful attitude leads to powerful motivation and fruitful results.(谨慎乐观的心态能催生
强大动力,收获丰硕成果。)
同义词:careful=cautious;powerful=influential;fruitful=productive
06 -less 形容词组:care→careless;hope→hopeless;pain→painless;power→powerless;fear→fearless
固定搭配:careless mistake 粗心失误;hopeless situation 绝境;painless treatment 无痛治疗;powerless to
change 无力改变;fearless spirit 无畏精神
易错点:-less 表完全否定,hopeless 侧重毫无希望,fearless 为高考写作正向高分词
例句:Fearless people never feel powerless even in hopeless and tough situations.(无畏之人纵使身处绝境困
境,也绝不束手无策。)
同义词:careless=negligent;hopeless=desperate;fearless=brave
07 -able 形容词组:rely→reliable;accept→acceptable;afford→affordable;believe→believable;
notice→noticeable
固定搭配:reliable evidence 可靠证据;acceptable standard 合格标准;affordable price 亲民价格;believable
explanation 可信解释;noticeable change 显著变化
易错点:-able 后缀表“可…的”,主语多为事物,区别于-ing/-ed 形容词修饰主体差异
例句:The noticeable change makes the plan affordable and acceptable to the public.(这一显著变化让方案价格
亲民、大众认可。)
同义词:reliable=dependable;acceptable=admissible;noticeable=obvious
08 -ly 副词组:quick→quickly;slow→slowly;careful→carefully;simple→simply;gentle→gently
固定搭配:respond quickly 快速响应;progress slowly 稳步推进;operate carefully 谨慎操作;explain simply
简明阐释;speak gently 轻声言语
易错点:绝大多数形容词变副词直接加-ly,无拼写变形,是短文改错高频基础考点
例句:He carefully observed and simply explained the rule gently to others.(他细致观察,温和且简明地向他
人讲解规则。)
同义词:quickly=rapidly;carefully=prudently;gently=mildly
09 -ize 动词组:modern→modernize;organ→organize;real→realize;social→socialize;
private→privatize
固定搭配:modernize facilities 设施现代化;organize activities 组织活动;realize dreams 实现梦想;socialize
with others 与人交际;privatize resources 资源私有化
易错点:-ize 为动词专用后缀,高考语法填空词性转换高频,注意拼写无省略字母
例句:We organize various activities to socialize and realize the goal of modernization.(我们组织多元活动拓展
交际,实现现代化目标。)
同义词:modernize=update;organize=arrange;realize=achieve
10 -ate 动词组:active→activate;simple→simplify;valid→validate;origin→originate;
separate→separate
固定搭配:activate potential 激发潜能;simplify procedures 简化流程;validate results 验证结果;originate
from 源自;separate from 脱离、分离
易错点:separate 动词读音/ˈsepəreɪt/、形容词读音/ˈseprət/,词性读音不同,极易混淆
例句:We simplify steps and validate data to separate effective methods from useless ones.(我们简化步骤、验
证数据,区分有效方法与无效方式。)
同义词:activate=stimulate;simplify=streamline;originate=stem from
11 -or 表人/物组:act→actor;direct→director;operate→operator;invent→inventor;visit→visitor
固定搭配:a famous actor 知名演员;film director 电影导演;machine operator 机器操作员;creative inventor
创新发明者;tourist visitor 观光游客
易错点:-or 多表专业从业者、精密器械,区别于-er 通用人/物后缀,高考词义辨析常考
例句:The director and operator guided every visitor with professional standards.(导演和操作员以专业标准接
待每一位访客。)
同义词:actor=performer;inventor=creator;visitor=guest
12 -er 表人/物组:work→worker;teach→teacher;drive→driver;compute→computer;cook→cooker
固定搭配:skilled worker 熟练工人;professional teacher 专业教师;truck driver 卡车司机;portable computer
便携电脑;electric cooker 电饭锅
易错点:cooker 指厨具,cook 才是厨师,是高考高频词义陷阱,切勿混用
例句:The worker and driver use a computer and a cooker in their daily work.(工人和司机在日常工作中会使
用电脑和厨具。)
同义词:worker=laborer;teacher=instructor;computer=laptop
13 -ist 表职业组:art→artist;science→scientist;tour→tourist;piano→pianist;journal→journalist
固定搭配:talented artist 天才艺术家;brilliant scientist 杰出科学家;overseas tourist 海外游客;professional
pianist 专业钢琴家;senior journalist 资深记者
易错点:-ist 后缀特指专业从业者、爱好者,多用于文艺、科研、传媒领域职业
例句:The journalist and artist cooperated with the scientist on the research.(记者与艺术家协同科学家开展研
究工作。)
同义词:artist=painter;journalist=reporter;scientist=researcher
14 -ian 表专业组:history→historian;music→musician;politics→politician;library→librarian;
magic→magician
固定搭配:renowned historian 知名历史学家;excellent musician 优秀音乐人;honest politician 正直政客;
responsible librarian 负责的图书管理员;skillful magician 技艺精湛的魔术师
易错点:-ian 后缀多用于人文、艺术、政务专业人才,是高阶职业词汇,写作加分
例句:The historian and musician were served by the polite librarian.(历史学家和音乐人得到了图书管理员的
礼貌接待。)
同义词:historian=history scholar;musician=player;magician=illusionist
15 -ship 表关系组:friend→friendship;leader→leadership;member→membership;
citizen→citizenship;scholar→scholarship
固定搭配:sincere friendship 真挚友谊;strong leadership 强大领导力;valid membership 有效会员资格;
equal citizenship 平等公民权;academic scholarship 学术奖学金
易错点:-ship 后缀均为抽象名词,表关系、资质、能力,无复数、不可数
例句:True friendship and good leadership rely on equal citizenship and teamwork.(真挚的友谊与优秀的领导
力,依托平等的公民权益与团队协作。)
同义词:friendship=companionship;leadership=guidance;scholarship=grant
16 -th 名词组:true→truth;warm→warmth;deep→depth;wide→width;long→length
固定搭配:seek the truth 探寻真相;feel the warmth 感受温暖;the depth of the sea 海洋深度;the width of the
road 道路宽度;the length of time 时长
易错点:形容词变-th 名词为特殊变形,无规律,是语法填空词性转换必考冷门考点
例句:The truth lies in the depth of observation and the length of persistence.(真相藏于观察的深度与坚持的时
长之中。)
同义词:truth=fact;warmth=kindness;depth=profundity
17 -y 形容词组:rain→rainy;wind→windy;cloud→cloudy;sun→sunny;dirt→dirty
固定搭配:rainy days 雨天;windy weather 大风天气;cloudy sky 阴天;sunny morning 晴朗清晨;dirty
surface 脏乱的表面
易错点:名词变-y 形容词多用于天气、环境描述,拼写简单,短文改错基础考点
例句:On sunny days, windy and cloudy weather seldom brings dirty air.(晴朗的日子里,大风阴天极少带来
污浊空气。)
同义词:rainy=wet;sunny=bright;dirty=messy
18 -ous 形容词组:danger→dangerous;courage→courageous;humor→humorous;poison→poisonous;
fame→famous
固定搭配:dangerous behavior 危险行为;courageous decision 果敢的决定;humorous speech 幽默的演讲;
poisonous gas 有毒气体;famous landmark 知名地标
易错点:-ous 后缀形容词多表属性、特质,famous 固定搭配be famous for/as,切勿混用
例句:The courageous man avoided dangerous risks and defeated poisonous substances.(这位勇者规避危险风
险,清除了有毒物质。)
同义词:dangerous=risky;humorous=witty;famous=renowned
19 -ive 形容词组:act→active;create→creative;attract→attractive;protect→protective;
impress→impressive
固定搭配:active participation 积极参与;creative thinking 创新思维;attractive scenery 迷人风景;protective
measures 防护措施;impressive performance 精彩表现
易错点:-ive 后缀形容词多表主动属性,区别于被动-ed 形容词,词义辨析高频考点
例句:Active and creative students always deliver impressive and attractive works.(积极创新的学生总能呈现
精彩亮眼的作品。)
同义词:active=energetic;creative=original;impressive=striking
20 -al 形容词组:nation→national;culture→cultural;nature→natural;origin→original;
person→personal
固定搭配:national pride 民族自豪;cultural heritage 文化遗产;natural resources 自然资源;original idea 原
创想法;personal opinion 个人观点
易错点:-al 后缀形容词修饰宏观事物、抽象概念,拼写固定,无变形误区
例句:We protect natural and cultural resources with our personal efforts.(我们以个人之力守护自然与文化资
源。)
同义词:national=state;natural=native;original=initial
21 -en 动词组:wide→widen;deep→deepen;short→shorten;bright→brighten;weak→weaken
固定搭配:widen horizons 拓宽视野;deepen understanding 加深理解;shorten time 缩短时间;brighten mood
愉悦心情;weaken influence 削弱影响
易错点:-en 后缀多用于形容词变动词,表“使…变得…”,语法填空变形高频考点
例句:We widen our vision and deepen cognition to weaken negative impacts.(我们拓宽视野、深化认知,削
弱负面影响。)
同义词:widen=broaden;deepen=strengthen;weaken=undermine
22 -ance 名词组:appear→appearance;perform→performance;differ→difference;exist→existence;
assist→assistance
固定搭配:neat appearance 整洁仪容;excellent performance 精彩表现;obvious difference 明显差异;the
existence of life 生命存在;offer assistance 提供帮助
易错点:-ance 后缀多为动词变名词,assistance 为不可数名词,无复数
例句:His good appearance and performance make a big difference to team assistance.(他良好的仪容与表现,
对团队助力极大。)
同义词:appearance=look;performance=show;assistance=help
23 -ence 名词组:depend→dependence;confident→confidence;silent→silence;absent→absence;
patient→patience
固定搭配:dependence on reliance 依赖;full confidence 十足自信;keep silence 保持安静;absence from
school 缺课;endless patience 十足耐心
易错点:-ence 抽象名词多表状态、心态,patience 耐心,patient 病人/耐心的,极易混淆
例句:True confidence comes from independence and endless patience.(真正的自信源于独立与无尽的耐
心。)
同义词:confidence=self-assurance;silence=quietness;patience=tolerance
24 -ful 名词组:hand→handful;mouth→mouthful;spoon→spoonful;cup→cupful;basket→basketful
固定搭配:a handful of sand 一把沙子;a mouthful of water 一口水;a spoonful of sugar 一勺糖;a cupful of
tea 一杯茶;a basketful of fruits 一篮水果
易错点:-ful 表量词名词,复数直接加s,如handfuls,是填空冷门考点
例句:A handful of seeds and a basketful of fruits are enough for the experiment.(一把种子和一篮水果足以完
成实验。)
同义词:handful=small amount;cupful=cup of
25 -ible 形容词组:access→accessible;divide→divisible;convert→convertible;flex→flexible;
sense→sensible
固定搭配:accessible resources 可获取资源;divisible number 可整除数字;convertible currency 可兑换货
币;flexible schedule 灵活日程;sensible choice 明智选择
易错点:-ible 与-able 语义一致,仅搭配词根不同,sensible 表明智的,区别于sensitive 敏感的
例句:Flexible arrangements make resources accessible and choices sensible.(灵活的安排让资源易得、选择明
智。)
同义词:accessible=available;flexible=adjustable;sensible=reasonable
26 -ic 形容词组:history→historic;economy→economic;magic→magical;tragedy→tragic;
logic→logical
固定搭配:historic site 历史遗迹;economic growth 经济增长;magical power 神奇力量;tragic ending 悲惨
结局;logical reasoning 逻辑推理
易错点:historic 有历史意义的,historical 历史上的,二者词义差异为阅读高频考点
例句:The historic event has logical reasons and no tragic flaws.(这一历史性事件逻辑通顺,无致命缺憾。)
同义词:historic=historical;economic=financial;logical=rational
27 -ary 形容词组:custom→customary;moment→momentary;temporary 临时;ordinary 普通;
secondary 次要
固定搭配:customary practice 惯例做法;momentary joy 瞬间喜悦;temporary solution 临时方案;ordinary
people 普通人;secondary factor 次要因素
易错点:temporary 侧重短期临时,区别于permanent 永久的,写作高频替换词
例句:Ordinary people can gain momentary happiness from customary habits.(普通人能从日常惯例中收获瞬
时的美好。)
同义词:customary=conventional;temporary=transient;ordinary=common
28 -some 形容词组:tire→tiresome;trouble→troublesome;burden→burdensome;handsome 帅气;
lonesome 孤独
固定搭配:tiresome work 枯燥工作;troublesome problem 棘手问题;burdensome task 繁重任务;handsome
appearance 俊朗外形;lonesome life 独居生活
易错点:-some 多表负面属性形容词,handsome 为特例,仅形容男性帅气、器物精致
例句:Tiresome and troublesome tasks make work burdensome and life lonesome.(枯燥棘手的任务让工作繁
重、生活孤寂。)
同义词:tiresome=boring;troublesome=tricky;burdensome=heavy
29 -tude 名词组:attitude 态度;altitude 海拔;magnitude 规模;solitude 独处;rectitude 正直
固定搭配:positive attitude 积极态度;high altitude 高海拔;great magnitude 宏大规模;peaceful solitude 安
然独处;moral rectitude 道德正直
易错点:-tude 为高阶抽象名词后缀,阅读C/D 篇高频,词义抽象易误解
例句:A positive attitude and moral rectitude suit high-altitude environments.(积极的心态与正直的品格适配高
海拔环境。)
同义词:attitude=mindset;magnitude=scale;solitude=loneliness
30 -ure 名词组:fail→failure;press→pressure;mix→mixture;please→pleasure;expose→exposure
固定搭配:avoid failure 规避失败;under pressure 身处压力下;chemical mixture 化学混合物;great pleasure
极大愉悦;exposure to sunlight 阳光照射
易错点:exposure 为不可数名词,固定搭配exposure to,介词to 不可省略
例句:Proper pressure prevents failure and brings pleasure from new exposure.(适度压力规避失败,也能从新
体验中收获愉悦。)
同义词:failure=defeat;pressure=stress;pleasure=delight
31 -ward 副词组:forward 向前;backward 向后;upward 向上;downward 向下;homeward 回家
固定搭配:move forward 向前迈进;step backward 后退;rise upward 向上攀升;fall downward 向下坠落;
travel homeward 返程归家
易错点:-ward 为方向副词后缀,无s,towards 有s,二者拼写差异需区分
例句:Strive forward upward and never fall backward or downward.(奋勇向上向前,绝不后退堕落。)
同义词:forward=ahead;upward=rising;homeward=returning
32 -ish 形容词组:fool→foolish;self→selfish;child→childish;snob→snobbish;yellowish 微黄
固定搭配:foolish behavior 愚蠢行为;selfish attitude 自私态度;childish temper 幼稚脾气;snobbish manner
势利姿态;yellowish light 微黄灯光
易错点:childish 含贬义幼稚,区别于childlike 纯真的,词义褒贬易混
例句:Selfish and foolish people always show childish and snobbish manners.(自私愚钝之人,往往举止幼
稚、态度势利。)
同义词:foolish=silly;selfish=egotistic;childish=immature
33 -ant 形容词组:differ→different;assist→assistant;resist→resistant;ignore→ignorant;
tolerate→tolerant
固定搭配:different opinions 不同观点;assistant staff 辅助人员;resistant to damage 抗损耗;ignorant of facts
无视事实;tolerant of differences 包容差异
易错点:be ignorant of 无知、忽视,固定介词搭配,短文改错高频考点
例句:Tolerant people are never ignorant of different voices.(包容的人从不忽视不同的声音。)
同义词:different=diverse;resistant=resilient;tolerant=open-minded
34 -ent 形容词组:depend→dependent;confide→confident;silent 安静;absent 缺席;patient 耐心
固定搭配:dependent on others 依赖他人;confident of success 自信成功;keep silent 保持沉默;absent from
meeting 缺席会议;patient with kids 对孩子耐心
易错点:dependent 形容词、dependence 名词,词性易混用,语法填空必考
例句:Confident people are not dependent on others and patient with everything.(自信的人不依附他人,且处
事耐心。)
同义词:confident=assured;silent=quiet;patient=tolerant
35 -ify 动词组:simple→simplify;pure→purify;solid→solidify;intense→intensify;class→classify
固定搭配:simplify procedures 简化流程;purify water 净化水质;solidify foundation 夯实基础;intensify
efforts 加大力度;classify data 分类数据
易错点:-ify 后缀动词多表“使…化”,拼写固定,写作高阶替换动词
例句:We classify and simplify work to intensify efficiency and purify errors.(我们分类简化工作,提升效率、
杜绝失误。)
同义词:simplify=streamline;purify=clean;classify=categorize
36 -cy 名词组:accurate→accuracy;efficient→efficiency;fluent→fluency;private→privacy;
secret→secrecy
固定搭配:high accuracy 高精准度;work efficiency 工作效率;oral fluency 口语流利度;personal privacy 个
人隐私;strict secrecy 严格保密
易错点:-cy 为抽象名词后缀,均为不可数名词,无复数变形
例句:High efficiency and accuracy rely on fluency and strict secrecy.(高效精准依托熟练的能力与严格的保密
规范。)
同义词:accuracy=precision;efficiency=productivity;privacy=seclusion
37 -dom 名词组:free→freedom;king→kingdom;wise→wisdom;bore→boredom;star→stardom
固定搭配:personal freedom 个人自由;ancient kingdom 古老王国;great wisdom 非凡智慧;relieve boredom
排解无聊;achieve stardom 成名出圈
易错点:wisdom 智慧、boredom 无聊,拼写易漏字母,填空易错
例句:True freedom and wisdom defeat boredom and bring lasting stardom.(真正的自由与智慧,消解平庸无
趣,成就长久价值。)
同义词:freedom=liberty;wisdom=insight;boredom=dullness
38 -able 名词后缀变体组:comfort→comfortable;value→valuable;count→countable;
drink→drinkable;wash→washable
固定搭配:comfortable environment 舒适环境;valuable experience 宝贵经验;countable number 可数数值;
drinkable water 饮用水;washable clothes 可水洗衣物
易错点:此类词汇多作形容词,极少作名词,注意词性灵活转换
例句:Washable clothes and drinkable water create a comfortable living condition.(可水洗衣物与饮用水,营造
舒适的生活环境。)
同义词:comfortable=cozy;valuable=precious;drinkable=potable
39 -less 名词拓展组:jobless 失业;homeless 无家可归;wireless 无线;priceless 无价;aimless 无目标
固定搭配:jobless workers 失业工人;homeless refugees 无家难民;wireless network 无线网络;priceless
treasure 无价瑰宝;aimless life 漫无目的的生活
易错点:priceless 无价珍贵的,区别于worthless 一文不值的,词义极易相反混淆
例句:Aimless and jobless life wastes priceless youth and opportunities.(漫无目的、无所事事的生活,浪费珍
贵的青春与机遇。)
同义词:homeless=displaced;wireless=cordless;priceless=invaluable
40 -ly 形容词特例组:friendly 友好;lovely 可爱;lively 活泼;silly 傻;deadly 致命
固定搭配:friendly attitude 友好态度;lovely scenery 怡人风景;lively atmosphere 活跃氛围;silly mistake 愚
蠢失误;deadly danger 致命危险
易错点:以上-ly 词汇均为形容词,**不是副词**,是短文改错最高频陷阱
例句:A friendly and lively mood avoids silly mistakes and deadly risks.(友好积极的心态,能规避愚蠢失误与
致命风险。)
同义词:friendly=kind;lively=energetic;deadly=fatal
41 -tion 易混辨析组:decide→decision;divide→division;discuss→discussion;admit→admission;
permit→permission
固定搭配:make a decision 做决定;the division of labor 劳动分工;heated discussion 热烈讨论;admission to
school 入学许可;ask for permission 申请批准
易错点:admission 多指准入、录取,permission 多指行为许可,二者场景不同
例句:After full discussion, we made a decision on labor division and admission rules.(充分讨论后,我们确定
了分工方案与准入规则。)
同义词:decision=choice;discussion=debate;permission=approval
42 -ment 易混辨析组:adjust→adjustment;invest→investment;settle→settlement;
amuse→amusement;punish→punishment
固定搭配:make adjustment 做出调整;financial investment 金融投资;peaceful settlement 和平解决;daily
amusement 日常消遣;severe punishment 严厉惩罚
易错点:settlement 侧重纠纷、争端的解决,区别于solution 问题解决方案
例句:Proper adjustment and investment avoid punishment and bring amusement.(合理的调整与投入,规避惩
戒、收获愉悦。)
同义词:adjustment=regulation;investment=input;punishment=penalty
43 -ness 情绪类组:sadness 悲伤;bitterness 苦涩;calmness 平静;politeness 礼貌;rudeness 粗鲁
固定搭配:overcome sadness 克服悲伤;taste bitterness 体会苦涩;keep calmness 保持平和;show politeness
展现礼貌;correct rudeness 改正粗鲁言行
易错点:全部为情绪类抽象名词,不可数,写作心理描写高频替换基础词
例句:True calmness comes from overcoming sadness and bitterness without rudeness.(真正的从容,源于历经
悲苦、依旧温和有礼。)
同义词:sadness=sorrow;calmness=serenity;politeness=courtesy
44 -ity 抽象品质组:equality 平等;equity 公平;charity 慈善;reality 现实;variety 多样
固定搭配:gender equality 性别平等;social equity 社会公平;public charity 公益慈善;face reality 直面现
实;a variety of 多种各类
易错点:equality 侧重形式平等,equity 侧重实质公平,阅读词义辨析难点
例句:Social equity and equality bring diverse charity activities and rich reality.(社会公平平等,催生多元慈善
活动与丰富的现实生活。)
同义词:equality=fairness;variety=diversity;reality=truth
45 -ize 科技类组:digitize 数字化;automate 自动化;industrialize 工业化;commercialize 商业化;
urbanize 城市化
固定搭配:digitize data 数据数字化;automate production 生产自动化;industrialize economy 经济工业化;
commercialize products 产品商业化;urbanize rural areas 乡村城市化
易错点:均为新时代科技、社会发展高频动词,阅读C/D 篇必考词汇
例句:Modern cities urbanize rapidly and digitize all automated production.(现代城市快速城市化,实现全自
动化生产数字化。)
同义词:digitize=digitalize;automate=automatize;urbanize=citify
46 -ate 学术类组:calculate 计算;educate 教育;illustrate 说明;demonstrate 证明;communicate 交流
固定搭配:calculate data 核算数据;educate students 教育学生;illustrate examples 举例说明;demonstrate
results 验证结果;communicate ideas 交流想法
易错点:均为学术、书面正式动词,写作、阅读高阶核心词,替换基础词
例句:We calculate and illustrate data to communicate accurate conclusions.(我们核算阐释数据,传递精准结
论。)
同义词:calculate=compute;illustrate=explain;demonstrate=prove
47 -or 物品类组:tractor 拖拉机;elevator 电梯;conductor 导体;sensor 传感器;generator 发电机
固定搭配:farm tractor 农用拖拉机;automatic elevator 自动电梯;heat conductor 导热体;smart sensor 智能
传感器;power generator 电力发电机
易错点:-or 多指代工业、精密器械,区别于-er 日常工具,词义分类考点
例句:The generator and sensor work with the help of heat conductors.(发电机与传感器依托导热体正常运
作。)
同义词:elevator=lift;generator=power machine;sensor=detector
48 -er 工具类组:cutter 刀具;washer 洗衣机;painter 画笔;printer 打印机;mixer 搅拌机
固定搭配:sharp cutter 锋利刀具;automatic washer 全自动洗衣机;fine painter 精致画笔;laser printer 激光
打印机;food mixer 食物搅拌机
易错点:-er 多为日常家用、简易工具,词义通俗,基础词汇辨析
例句:The printer and washer are common electric tools besides cutters.(打印机、洗衣机和刀具一样,都是常
见电器工具。)
同义词:cutter=blade;printer=printing machine;mixer=blender
49 -ist 社科类组:economist 经济学家;psychologist 心理学家;biologist 生物学家;chemist 化学家;
physicist 物理学家
固定搭配:famous economist 知名经济学家;professional psychologist 专业心理学家;senior biologist 资深生
物学家;talented chemist 天才化学家;brilliant physicist 杰出物理学家
易错点:均为社科、理科高端职业词汇,阅读科普文本高频出现
例句:Economists and physicists cooperate with biologists on scientific research.(经济学家与物理学家协同生
物学家开展科研工作。)
同义词:economist=economic expert;chemist=chemical researcher
50 -ship 能力类组:craftsmanship 工艺;sportsmanship 体育精神;readership 读者群;citizenship 公民
权;partnership 合作
固定搭配:exquisite craftsmanship 精湛工艺;noble sportsmanship 高尚体育精神;wide readership 广泛读者
群;legal citizenship 合法公民权;long-term partnership 长期合作
易错点:此类-ship 词汇表抽象能力、素养、权益,写作升华高分词
例句:Good partnership and citizenship reflect noble sportsmanship and craftsmanship.(良好的合作与公民素
养,彰显高尚的体育精神与精湛技艺。)
同义词:partnership=cooperation;craftsmanship=skill;sportsmanship=spirit
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
01 self-自我:self-confident 自信;self-respect 自尊;self-control 自控;self-reliant 自立;self-taught 自学
固定搭配:self-confident attitude 自信的态度;earn self-respect 赢得自尊;exercise self-control 自控自律;
self-reliant personality 自立的性格;self-taught skill 自学成才的技能
易错点:self-系列复合词均为形容词/名词合成词,无复数变形;self-taught 仅形容“无师自通的”,不可
修饰人本身
例句:Self-reliant and self-confident students with strong self-control always gain sincere self-respect in study.
(自律自立、自信从容的学生,总能在学习中收获真正的自尊。)
同义词:self-confident=assured;self-respect=self-esteem;self-control=self-discipline
02 over-过度:overwork 过劳;overweight 超重;overestimate 高估;overcrowded 拥挤;overjoyed 狂喜
固定搭配:suffer from overwork 过度劳累;be overweight 体重超标;overestimate one’s ability 高估自身能
力;overcrowded streets 拥挤的街道;be overjoyed at good news 因喜讯狂喜
易错点:over-表“超出、过度”,语义含负面倾向;overwork、overestimate 为动词,overweight、
overcrowded、overjoyed 为形容词,词性不可混用
例句:Do not overestimate your strength or overwork yourself, and you will not feel stressed in overcrowded
public places.(切勿高估自身能力、过度劳累,在拥挤的公共场合也能保持平和心态。)
同义词:overwork=overstrain;overestimate=overrate;overjoyed=delighted
03 under-不足:underestimate 低估;underpaid 薪资低;underdeveloped 落后;underweight 偏瘦;
underground 地下
固定搭配:underestimate the difficulty 低估难度;underpaid staff 薪资偏低的员工;underdeveloped regions 落
后地区;be underweight 体重偏轻;underground passage 地下通道
易错点:under-与over-语义完全相反,是七选五反向替换核心;underground 可作形容词、名词、副词,词
性灵活多变
例句:We often underestimate the potential of underdeveloped areas and ignore underweight children’s physical
health.(我们常低估落后地区的发展潜力,忽视偏瘦儿童的身体健康。)
同义词:underestimate=underrate;underdeveloped=backward;underground=subterranean
04 out-超出:outstanding 杰出;outperform 超越;outlive 活得久;outdoor 户外;outline 轮廓
固定搭配:outstanding achievements 杰出成就;outperform peers 超越同龄人;outlive one’s relatives 比亲人
长寿;outdoor activities 户外活动;draw an outline 绘制轮廓
易错点:out-表“超越、向外”;outperform、outlive 为动态动词,outstanding 为静态形容词,不可混用句
式
例句:Outstanding students always outperform others and love outdoor sports to keep energetic.(优秀的学生总
能超越他人,且热爱户外运动、保持活力。)
同义词:outstanding=excellent;outperform=surpass;outline=sketch
05 well-良好:well-known 知名;well-organized 条理清晰;well-behaved 举止得体;well-educated 受过教
育;well-balanced 均衡
固定搭配:well-known brand 知名品牌;well-organized plan 条理清晰的方案;well-behaved children 举止得
体的孩子;well-educated talents 受过良好教育的人才;well-balanced diet 均衡饮食
易错点:well-复合形容词多作前置定语,无比较级、最高级;区分well-balanced(均衡的)与balanced
(平衡的),前者侧重状态优良
例句:Well-educated people with well-organized thinking are always well-behaved in public.(思维清晰、受过
良好教育的人,在公共场合始终举止得体。)
同义词:well-known=famous;well-organized=systematic;well-balanced=balanced
06 ill-糟糕:ill-mannered 无礼;ill-tempered 脾气差;ill-planned 计划不周;ill-fortune 厄运;ill-health 体
弱
固定搭配:ill-mannered behavior 无礼的行为;ill-tempered personality 暴躁的性格;ill-planned project 筹划不
周的项目;suffer ill-fortune 遭遇厄运;poor ill-health 体弱多病
易错点:ill-表“不良、负面”,均为贬义词汇;ill-health、ill-fortune 为不可数名词,无复数
例句:Ill-planned decisions and ill-mannered words will bring ill-fortune to one’s life.(筹划不周的决策、无礼
的言辞,会给人生带来厄运。)
同义词:ill-mannered=rude;ill-tempered=grumpy;ill-fortune=misfortune
07 cross-交叉:cross-cultural 跨文化;cross-border 跨境;cross-country 越野;cross-class 跨阶层;cross-
subject 跨学科
固定搭配:cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流;cross-border trade 跨境贸易;cross-country race 越野赛
跑;cross-class cooperation 跨阶层合作;cross-subject research 跨学科研究
易错点:cross-表“交叉、跨越”,多用于正式场景;所有复合词均为形容词,可直接修饰名词,无需变形
例句:Cross-cultural and cross-subject learning helps students broaden their global vision.(跨文化、跨学科学
习能帮助学生拓宽国际视野。)
同义词:cross-cultural=intercultural;cross-border=transnational
08 mega-巨型:megacity 大都市;megaproject 大型工程;megastore 大型商场;megatrend 大趋势;
megawatt 兆瓦
固定搭配:modern megacity 现代化大都市;national megaproject 国家级大型工程;chain megastore 连锁大
型商场;global megatrend 全球大趋势;megawatt power 兆瓦级电力
易错点:mega-为书面高阶前缀,表“超大、巨型”,多用于阅读C/D 篇社科、科技文本;均为名词,可
数常规变形
例句:The construction of megacities and megaprojects follows the global development megatrend.(大都市与大
型工程的建设顺应全球发展大趋势。)
同义词:megacity=metropolis;megaproject=large-scale project
09 micro-微小:microscope 显微镜;microchip 芯片;microclimate 小气候;microorganism 微生物;
microwave 微波
固定搭配:observe with a microscope 用显微镜观察;intelligent microchip 智能芯片;local microclimate 局部
小气候;harmful microorganism 有害微生物;microwave oven 微波炉
易错点:micro-与mega-语义相反,表“微小、微观”;microorganism 复数直接加s,拼写易漏micro 前缀
例句:Scientists use microscopes to study microorganisms and microclimate changes.(科学家借助显微镜研究
微生物与局部小气候变化。)
同义词:microchip=chip;microwave=micro-wave
10 macro-宏观:macroeconomics 宏观经济;macroclimate 大气候;macrostructure 宏观结构;macrodata
大数据;macroscale 大规模
固定搭配:macroeconomics analysis 宏观经济分析;global macroclimate 全球大气候;social macrostructure
社会宏观结构;macrodata statistics 大数据统计;macroscale construction 大规模建设
易错点:macro-表“宏观、整体”,与micro 微观对应,是阅读经济、科技文本高频辨析考点;
macroeconomics 为不可数学科名词
例句:Macroeconomics development relies on stable social macrostructure and accurate macrodata.(宏观经济发
展依托稳定的社会宏观结构与精准的大数据支撑。)
同义词:macrodata=big data;macroscale=large-scale
11 tele-远程:telephone 电话;television 电视;telework 远程办公;teleconference 线上会议;telescope 望
远镜
固定搭配:mobile telephone 移动电话;digital television 数字电视;carry out telework 开展远程办公;hold a
teleconference 召开线上会议;astronomical telescope 天文望远镜
易错点:tele-表“远程、远距离”,基础高频复合词;telework、teleconference 为新时代高频词汇,七选五
同义替换常客
例句:Modern technology enables telework and teleconference anytime and anywhere.(现代科技让随时随地远
程办公、线上会议成为可能。)
同义词:telework=remote work;teleconference=online meeting
12 bio-生命:biotechnology 生物科技;biodegradable 可降解;bioenergy 生物能源;biology 生物;
biography 传记
固定搭配:advanced biotechnology 先进生物科技;biodegradable materials 可降解材料;clean bioenergy 清洁
能源;biology knowledge 生物知识;celebrity biography 名人传记
易错点:bio-表“生命、生物”,环保、科技主题必考;biodegradable 为形容词,名词形式为
biodegradability
例句:Biotechnology promotes the use of bioenergy and biodegradable environmental materials.(生物科技推动
生物能源与可降解环保材料的应用。)
同义词:biotechnology=bio-tech;bioenergy=biological energy
13 eco-生态:ecosystem 生态系统;ecology 生态学;ecotourism 生态旅游;ecofriendly 环保;ecological 生
态的
固定搭配:balanced ecosystem 平衡的生态系统;applied ecology 应用生态学;sustainable ecotourism 可持续
生态旅游;ecofriendly products 环保产品;ecological protection 生态保护
易错点:eco-为高考热点前缀,生态主题专属;ecofriendly 为合成形容词,无比较级,写作高频加分词
例句:Ecological protection and ecofriendly consumption support the healthy ecosystem.(生态保护与环保消费
助力生态系统良性发展。)
同义词:ecological=environmental;ecofriendly=environment-friendly
14 cyber-网络:cyberspace 网络空间;cybercrime 网络犯罪;cyber security 网络安全;cyberculture 网络
文化;cyberfriend 网友
固定搭配:safe cyberspace 安全的网络空间;prevent cybercrime 防范网络犯罪;guarantee cyber security 保障
网络安全;positive cyberculture 积极的网络文化;honest cyberfriend 真诚网友
易错点:cyber-为网络科技专属前缀,阅读高频;cyber security 为固定搭配,分开书写,不可连写
例句:We should abide by cyberculture rules and resist cybercrime to protect cyberspace safety.(我们应遵守网
络文化规范、抵制网络犯罪,守护网络空间安全。)
同义词:cyberspace=internet space;cyberfriend=net friend
15 multi-多:multicultural 多元文化;multinational 跨国;multiply 繁殖;multimedia 多媒体;multitask
多任务
固定搭配:multicultural society 多元文化社会;multinational company 跨国公司;animals multiply rapidly 动
物快速繁殖;multimedia teaching 多媒体教学;multitask ability 多任务处理能力
易错点:multi-表“多重、多样”;multiply 为动词,其余多为形容词/名词,词性极易混用;multitask 可作
动词、名词
例句:Multicultural and multinational enterprises usually adopt multimedia office modes.(多元文化的跨国企业
普遍采用多媒体办公模式。)
同义词:multicultural=diverse;multinational=transnational
16 mono-单一:monologue 独白;monotonous 单调;monopoly 垄断;monochrome 单色;monolingual 单
语
固定搭配:inner monologue 内心独白;monotonous life 单调的生活;market monopoly 市场垄断;
monochrome painting 单色画作;monolingual education 单语教育
易错点:mono-与multi-语义相反,表“单一、独有”;monotonous 含贬义,侧重枯燥乏味,区别于simple
简单的
例句:A monotonous life and market monopoly will restrict diversified development.(单调的生活与市场垄断
会制约多元化发展。)
同义词:monotonous=boring;monopoly=dominance
17 semi-半:semicircle 半圆;semifinal 半决赛;semi-automatic 半自动;semiprofessional 半职业;
semisweet 微甜
固定搭配:draw a semicircle 画一个半圆;enter the semifinal 晋级半决赛;semi-automatic equipment 半自动
设备;semiprofessional athlete 半职业运动员;semisweet chocolate 微甜巧克力
易错点:semi-表“一半、半成熟”,程度介于完全与无之间;所有复合词拼写不可漏semi 前缀
例句:Semiprofessional players can operate semi-automatic equipment skillfully.(半职业选手能够熟练操作半
自动设备。)
同义词:semifinal=semi-final;semisweet=mildly sweet
18 ultra-极致:ultraviolet 紫外线;ultramodern 超现代;ultra-thin 超薄;ultra-fast 超快;ultra-high 超高
固定搭配:ultraviolet radiation 紫外线辐射;ultramodern design 超现代设计;ultra-thin screen 超薄屏幕;
ultra-fast network 超快网络;ultra-high temperature 超高温度
易错点:ultra-表“极致、超高级别”,程度强于very;多为科技类形容词,修饰高端事物
例句:Ultramodern devices with ultra-thin bodies support ultra-fast data transmission.(超薄机身的超现代设备
支持超快数据传输。)
同义词:ultramodern=super-modern;ultra-fast=extremely fast
19 extra-额外:extraordinary 非凡;extracurricular 课外;extra-large 超大;extra time 加时;extra
service 增值服务
固定搭配:extraordinary talent 非凡的天赋;extracurricular activities 课外活动;extra-large size 超大尺寸;
spare extra time 预留加时时间;provide extra service 提供增值服务
易错点:extra-表“额外、超出常规”;extraordinary 词义特殊,切勿直译为“额外的”,七选五高频易错
例句:Participating in extracurricular activities cultivates extraordinary comprehensive abilities.(参与课外活动
能培养非凡的综合能力。)
同义词:extraordinary=remarkable;extracurricular=after-school
20 inter-相互:international 国际;interview 面谈;interact 互动;intermediate 中级;internet 互联网
固定搭配:international cooperation 国际合作;job interview 求职面谈;interact with others 与人互动;
intermediate level 中级水平;surf the internet 上网
易错点:inter-表“相互、之间”,区别于intra-内部;interact 为不及物动词,固定搭配interact with
例句:International communication requires us to interact with people at intermediate levels.(国际交流需要我
们与不同层级的人互动沟通。)
同义词:international=global;interact=communicate
21 intra-内部:intracity 市内;intrapersonal 内心;intra-school 校内;intra-industry 行业内;intra-family
家庭内部
固定搭配:intracity traffic 市内交通;intrapersonal emotion 内心情绪;intra-school competition 校内竞赛;
intra-industry cooperation 行业内合作;intra-family communication 家庭内部沟通
易错点:intra-表“内部的”,与inter-相互的互为反义,是词义辨析核心考点;仅作前缀修饰名词
例句:Intra-school activities and intra-family communication benefit students’ growth.(校内活动与家庭内部沟
通助力学生成长。)
同义词:intracity=urban;intrapersonal=inner
22 trans-跨:transnational 跨国;transcontinental 跨洲;transcultural 跨文化;transoceanic 跨洋;
transregional 跨区域
固定搭配:transnational trade 跨国贸易;transcontinental travel 跨洲旅行;transcultural exchange 跨文化交
流;transoceanic voyage 跨洋航行;transregional cooperation 跨区域合作
易错点:trans-表“跨越、转换”,正式书面前缀;transoceanic、transcontinental 为阅读长难高频词
例句:Transcultural and transregional cooperation promotes global economic integration.(跨文化、跨区域合作
推动全球经济一体化。)
同义词:transnational=multinational;transoceanic=ocean-spanning
23 post-后:post-industrial 后工业;post-war 战后;post-pandemic 后疫情;postgraduate 研究生;post-
modern 后现代
固定搭配:post-industrial society 后工业社会;post-war reconstruction 战后重建;post-pandemic era 后疫情时
代;postgraduate student 研究生;post-modern art 后现代艺术
易错点:post-表“时间在后”,与pre-前置相反;postgraduate 可作名词、形容词,词性灵活
例句:In the post-pandemic era, postgraduate students focus on social practical research.(后疫情时代,研究生
更注重社会实践调研。)
同义词:post-war=after-war;postgraduate=graduate student
24 pre-前:pre-school 学前;pre-history 史前;pre-exam 考前;pre-industrial 前工业;pre-war 战前
固定搭配:pre-school education 学前教育;pre-history civilization 史前文明;pre-exam preparation 考前准
备;pre-industrial era 前工业时代;pre-war economy 战前经济
易错点:pre-表“时间提前、预先”,与post-后置互为反义;pre-exam 为合成形容词,仅作定语
例句:Pre-school education and pre-exam training lay a solid foundation for students’ study.(学前教育与考前集
训为学生学习筑牢基础。)
同义词:pre-school=preschool;pre-exam=before-exam
25 mid-中:mid-career 职业生涯中期;mid-autumn 中秋;mid-term 期中;mid-night 午夜;mid-life 中年
固定搭配:mid-career adjustment 职业中期调整;Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节;mid-term exam 期中考试;at
midnight 在午夜;mid-life crisis 中年危机
易错点:mid-表“中间时段、位置”;midnight、mid-autumn 为固定专有名词,首字母可大写
例句:We need proper adjustment in mid-life and careful review before mid-term exams.(中年阶段需适时调
整,期中考试前需认真复盘。)
同义词:mid-term=interim;midnight=dead of night
26 mini-迷你:minibus 小巴;miniskirt 短裙;minimal 最小;minimum 最低;minimize 缩减
固定搭配:public minibus 公共小巴;fashionable miniskirt 时尚短裙;minimal cost 最小成本;minimum
standard 最低标准;minimize risks 缩减风险
易错点:mini-表“微型、极小”;minimal 形容词、minimum 名词、minimize 动词,词性易混淆,语法填
空高频考点
例句:We should minimize costs with minimal resources and meet the minimum industry standard.(我们要用最
少资源缩减成本,达标行业最低标准。)
同义词:minimal=least;minimize=reduce
27 maxi-超大:maxi-size 加大码;maximal 最大;maximum 最大值;maximize 最大化;maxi-length 超长
固定搭配:maxi-size clothing 加大码服饰;maximal benefit 最大收益;maximum value 最大值;maximize
efficiency 最大化效率;maxi-length skirt 超长裙摆
易错点:maxi-与mini-语义相反;maximal 形容词、maximum 名词、maximize 动词,词性变形为必考知识
点
例句:The goal of work is to maximize profits and achieve the maximum market value.(工作的核心目标是最大
化收益,实现市场价值峰值。)
同义词:maximal=maximum;maximize=optimize
28 all-全部:all-round 全能;all-time 史上;all-purpose 多功能;all-year 全年;all-sided 全方位
固定搭配:all-round talent 全能型人才;all-time record 史上最佳纪录;all-purpose tool 多功能工具;all-year
service 全年无休服务;all-sided development 全方位发展
易错点:all-复合形容词多作前置定语;all-round 侧重能力全能,all-sided 侧重维度全面,语义细微差异
例句:All-round talents achieve all-sided progress through all-year persistent efforts.(全能型人才凭借全年不懈
的努力,实现全方位成长。)
同义词:all-round=versatile;all-sided=comprehensive
29 every-每:everyday 日常;everyone 每人;everywhere 各处;everybody 所有人;everyway 方方面面
固定搭配:everyday life 日常生活;everyone present 在场所有人;travel everywhere 游历四方;everybody in
the team 团队全员;improve in everyway 全方位提升
易错点:everyday 形容词(日常的),区别于every day 副词短语(每天),短文改错超高频陷阱
例句:We should cherish everyday opportunities and make progress in everyway.(我们要珍惜日常机遇,实现
全方位提升。)
同义词:everyday=daily;everywhere=all places
30 any-任何:anybody 任何人;anywhere 任何地方;anytime 随时;anyhow 无论如何;anyway 无论怎样
固定搭配:help anybody in need 帮助有需要的人;go anywhere freely 自由去往各处;ask questions anytime
随时提问;keep calm anyhow 无论如何保持冷静;stick to goals anyway 无论怎样坚守目标
易错点:anyhow、anyway 为同义副词,多用于句首衔接语境,七选五逻辑衔接高频词
例句:Anybody can make progress if they persist anytime and anywhere.(任何人只要随时随地坚持,都能取
得进步。)
同义词:anytime=whenever;anyhow=however
31 home-本土:homemade 自制;homeland 祖国;homegrown 本土种植;homework 作业;hometown 家
乡
固定搭配:homemade snacks 自制小吃;defend one’s homeland 保卫祖国;homegrown vegetables 本土种植的
蔬菜;finish homework 完成作业;beautiful hometown 美丽的家乡
易错点:home-表“本土、家用”;homegrown 仅形容本土种植、本土培育的事物,不可形容人
例句:Homemade food and homegrown crops represent the warmth of hometown life.(自制美食与本土作物,
承载着家乡生活的温情。)
同义词:homemade=handmade;homeland=motherland
32 house-居家:housework 家务;household 家庭;housewife 主妇;houseplant 室内植物;houseguest 房
客
固定搭配:do housework 做家务;household income 家庭收入;diligent housewife 勤劳的家庭主妇;green
houseplant 室内绿植;receive houseguest 接待房客
易错点:house-侧重“居家、住宅相关”;household 可作形容词、名词,housewife 复数为housewives,变
形特殊
例句:Every household needs to arrange housework and care for houseplants regularly.(每个家庭都需要定期打
理家务、养护室内绿植。)
同义词:housework=chores;household=family
33 man-人类:mankind 人类;man-made 人造;manpower 人力;manuscript 手稿;manual 手工
固定搭配:benefit mankind 造福人类;man-made products 人造产品;abundant manpower 充足的人力;
original manuscript 原创手稿;manual operation 手工操作
易错点:mankind 为不可数集体名词,无复数;manual 可作形容词、名词,词义多元
例句:Manpower resources and manual wisdom promote the progress of mankind.(人力资源与手工智慧推动人
类进步。)
同义词:mankind=humanity;manual=hand-operated
34 hand-手工:handmade 手工;handwriting 笔迹;handbag 手提包;handshake 握手;handful 一把
固定搭配:handmade gifts 手工礼物;unique handwriting 独特笔迹;fashion handbag 时尚手提包;sincere
handshake 真诚握手;a handful of sand 一把沙子
易错点:handful 为量词名词,复数handfuls;handwriting 不可数,表笔迹、书法
例句:Handmade works and neat handwriting reflect one’s careful attitude.(手工制品与工整笔迹,体现一个人
的细致态度。)
同义词:handmade=manual;handshake=greeting
35 head-头部/首要:headmaster 校长;headline 头条;headache 头痛;headquarter 总部;headphone 耳
机
固定搭配:kind headmaster 和蔼的校长;news headline 新闻头条;suffer from a headache 头痛;company
headquarter 公司总部;wireless headphone 无线耳机
易错点:headquarter 常用复数headquarters 表总部;headphone 多用复数headphones,固定用法易错
例句:The school headmaster appeared in the news headline yesterday.(校长昨日登上新闻头条。)
同义词:headmaster=principal;headline=news title
36 heart-内心:heartbroken 心碎;heartfelt 由衷;heartbeat 心跳;heartwarming 暖心;heartless 无情
固定搭配:heartbroken mood 心碎的心情;heartfelt thanks 由衷的感谢;steady heartbeat 平稳的心跳;
heartwarming stories 暖心的故事;heartless behavior 无情的行为
易错点:heartfelt 为形容词,仅修饰情感、话语;heartbroken 侧重极度悲伤,语义程度较重
例句:Heartwarming kindness can comfort heartbroken people and warm their hearts.(暖心的善意能抚慰心碎
之人,治愈人心。)
同义词:heartfelt=sincere;heartwarming=warm
37 law-法律:law-abiding 守法;lawmaker 立法者;lawcourt 法庭;lawyer 律师;lawful 合法
固定搭配:law-abiding citizens 守法公民;senior lawmaker 资深立法者;appear in lawcourt 出庭;
professional lawyer 专业律师;lawful behavior 合法行为
易错点:lawful 形容词表合法的,区别于legal 正式法律层面的合法;law-abiding 为合成形容词,固定搭配
例句:Law-abiding people always abide by lawful rules and respect lawcourt judgments.(守法公民始终恪守合
法准则、尊重法庭判决。)
同义词:lawful=legal;law-abiding=obedient to laws
38 news-新闻:newspaper 报纸;newsroom 编辑部;newsflash 快讯;newsreel 新闻短片;newscast 新闻播
报
固定搭配:daily newspaper 日报;newspaper office 编辑部;breaking newsflash 突发新闻快讯;short
newsreel 简短新闻短片;daily newscast 每日新闻播报
易错点:news 为不可数名词;newsflash、newscast 为新媒体高频词汇,七选五常考同义替换
例句:The newsroom releases newsflash and newscast to report real-time events.(编辑部发布新闻快讯与播
报,实时报道热点事件。)
同义词:newspaper=press;newsflash=breaking news
39 sun-阳光:sunlight 阳光;sunrise 日出;sunset 日落;sunshine 日光;sunflower 向日葵
固定搭配:soft sunlight 柔和的阳光;watch sunrise 观赏日出;beautiful sunset 美丽的日落;warm sunshine
温暖的日光;blooming sunflower 盛放的向日葵
易错点:sunlight 侧重自然光线,sunshine 侧重温暖日光、积极意境,写作替换高频
例句:Sunlight and sunshine brighten the fields full of sunflowers at sunrise.(日出时分,阳光洒满开满向日葵
的田野。)
同义词:sunlight=sun ray;sunshine=brightness
40 water-水:waterproof 防水;watermelon 西瓜;waterway 水路;waterfall 瀑布;water tank 水箱
固定搭配:waterproof fabric 防水面料;sweet watermelon 甘甜的西瓜;ancient waterway 古水路;grand
waterfall 壮观的瀑布;sealed water tank 密封水箱
易错点:waterproof 为合成形容词,表防水的;waterway、waterfall 为地理类高频名词
例句:Waterproof equipment can work stably near waterfalls and waterways.(防水设备可在瀑布、水路周边稳
定运行。)
同义词:waterproof=water-resistant;waterfall=cascade
41 wood-木质:woodwork 木工;woodland 林地;wooden 木制;woodpile 木柴;woodcraft 木艺
固定搭配:traditional woodwork 传统木工工艺;vast woodland 广阔林地;wooden furniture 木制家具;neat
woodpile 整齐的木柴堆;exquisite woodcraft 精致木艺
易错点:wooden 为形容词修饰物品;woodland 为不可数名词,泛指林地
例句:Woodcraft and woodwork skills make wooden products more exquisite.(木艺与木工技艺让木制器物更
加精致。)
同义词:wooden=timber;woodland=forest land
42 wind-风:windmill 风车;windproof 防风;windstorm 暴风;windpipe 风管;wind power 风能
固定搭配:ancient windmill 古老风车;windproof coat 防风外套;severe windstorm 强暴风;respiratory
windpipe 呼吸风管;clean wind power 清洁能源风能
易错点:windstorm 为极端天气名词;wind power 为固定环保主题搭配,不可拆分
例句:Wind power and windproof facilities can resist sudden windstorms effectively.(风能与防风设施能有效抵
御突发暴风。)
同义词:windstorm=gale;wind power=wind energy
43 fire-火:fireproof 防火;fireman 消防员;firework 烟花;fireplace 壁炉;firewood 柴火
固定搭配:fireproof wall 防火墙;professional fireman 专业消防员;colorful firework 多彩烟花;indoor
fireplace 室内壁炉;dry firewood 干燥柴火
易错点:firework 常用复数fireworks;fireman 复数为firemen,变形特殊
例句:Fireproof buildings and professional firemen ensure public safety.(防火建筑与专业消防员守护公共安
全。)
同义词:fireman=firefighter;firework=firecracker
44 air-空气:airport 机场;airplane 飞机;airspace 空域;airtight 密封;airflow 气流
固定搭配:international airport 国际机场;passenger airplane 客运飞机;civil airspace 民用空域;airtight
container 密封容器;smooth airflow 平稳气流
易错点:airtight 表密封的、不透气的;airflow 为科技类名词,阅读科普文本高频
例句:Smooth airflow and airtight design ensure airplane flight safety.(平稳的气流与密封设计保障飞机飞行
安全。)
同义词:airplane=plane;airtight=sealed
45 earth-大地:earthquake 地震;earthworm 蚯蚓;earthen 陶土;earthly 尘世;earthwork 土方工程
固定搭配:violent earthquake 强烈地震;common earthworm 普通蚯蚓;earthen pot 陶土陶罐;earthly life 尘
世生活;basic earthwork 基础土方工程
易错点:earthen 形容词表陶制的、土制的;earthquake 为自然灾害主题高频词
例句:Earthquakes may damage earthwork and destroy earthen buildings.(地震可能损毁土方工程、破坏土木
建筑。)
同义词:earthquake=quake;earthen=clay-made
46 sea-海洋:seafood 海鲜;seaside 海边;seashore 海岸;seabed 海床;seawater 海水
固定搭配:fresh seafood 新鲜海鲜;relax at the seaside 在海边放松;rocky seashore 岩石海岸;rich seabed
resources 丰富的海床资源;clean seawater 洁净海水
易错点:seaside 侧重休闲海边,seashore 侧重地理海岸,词义细微差异,七选五辨析考点
例句:We enjoy seafood and beautiful scenery at the quiet seashore.(我们在静谧的海岸边享用海鲜、欣赏美
景。)
同义词:seaside=beach;seawater=ocean water
47 road-道路:roadside 路边;roadway 车道;roadblock 路障;roadmap 路线图;roadtrip 公路旅行
固定搭配:roadside trees 路边树木;narrow roadway 狭窄车道;temporary roadblock 临时路障;development
roadmap 发展路线图;pleasant roadtrip 惬意的公路旅行
易错点:roadmap 多为抽象义“发展规划、路线图”,不止实物地图,阅读熟词僻义考点
例句:We set a clear roadmap and remove roadblocks on the roadway.(我们制定清晰的发展规划,清除车道
上的路障。)
同义词:roadside=wayside;roadmap=plan
48 rail-轨道:railway 铁路;railroad 铁轨;railcar 车厢;railway station 火车站;rail transport 铁路运输
固定搭配:modern railway 现代化铁路;rusty railroad 生锈铁轨;spacious railcar 宽敞车厢;busy railway
station 繁忙火车站;convenient rail transport 便捷铁路运输
易错点:railway 为英式表达,railroad 为美式表达,高考通用无区分;railcar 特指轨道车厢
例句:Rail transport via modern railway greatly improves travel efficiency.(依托现代化铁路的轨道交通大幅提
升出行效率。)
同义词:railway=railroad;rail transport=railway transportation
49 book-书籍:bookstore 书店;bookmark 书签;bookworm 书虫;booklist 书单;bookcover 书皮
固定搭配:chain bookstore 连锁书店;delicate bookmark 精致书签;diligent bookworm 勤奋书虫;detailed
booklist 详细书单;protective bookcover 防护书皮
易错点:bookworm 比喻义“爱读书的人、书虫”,为写作趣味替换词;所有复合词均为可数名词
例句:A diligent bookworm always sorts out booklists and collects beautiful bookmarks.(勤奋的读书人总会整
理书单、收藏精美书签。)
同义词:bookstore=bookshop;booklist=reading list
50 note-笔记:notebook 笔记本;notepad 记事本;note-taking 记笔记;notepaper 信纸;noteholder 文件
夹
固定搭配:thick notebook 厚实的笔记本;portable notepad 便携记事本;effective note-taking 高效记笔记;
clean notepaper 整洁信纸;file noteholder 文件文件夹
易错点:note-taking 为动名词复合词,不可拆分;notepad 侧重便携小记事本,notebook 为常规笔记本
例句:Effective note-taking with a neat notebook helps improve learning efficiency.(用整洁的笔记本高效记笔
记,有助于提升学习效率。)
同义词:notebook=exercise book;note-taking=note making
考●向●破●译
考向1 前缀语义反差辨析考向
真题1(2024 新高考I 卷 阅读推理态度题)
The writer holds an ______ attitude toward non-profit organizations, thinking they are indispensable to society.
A. disapproving
B. uncaring
C. supportive
D. irrational
前缀拆解:disapproving=dis(否定)+approve(赞同)→不认可的;uncaring=un(否定)+care(关心)→冷漠的;
supportive=sup(辅助)+port(支撑)→支持的;irrational=ir(否定)+rational(理性)→不理智的
语境分析:句中indispensable(不可或缺的)为正向语义,可判定作者持积极支持态度,直接排除所有否
定前缀干扰项
答案:C
真题2(2025 新高考II 卷 阅读词义辨析推理题)
Most local residents are ______ of the new green policy, as it effectively improves the living environment.
A. unaware
B. favorable
C. opposed
D. unrelated
前缀拆解:unaware=un(否定)+aware(知晓)→不知情的;favorable=favor(支持)+able(形容词后缀)→赞同的;
opposed=op(反向)+pose(放置)→反对的;unrelated=un(否定)+relate(关联)→无关的
语境分析:后文“improves the living environment(改善居住环境)”为正向结果,对应居民积极认可态
度,排除否定、反向前缀词汇
答案:B
真题3(2026 全国甲卷 阅读推理判断题)
The researcher’s new conclusion is not ______, for it lacks sufficient experimental data and practical proof.
A. reliable
B. unreliable
C. acceptable
D. adaptable
前缀拆解:reliable=rely(信赖)+able(可…的)→可靠的;unreliable=un(否定)+reliable(可靠的)→不可靠的;
acceptable=ac(加强)+cept(接受)+able→可接受的;adaptable=ad(适配)+apt(合适)→适配的
语境分析:句中“lacks sufficient data(缺乏充足数据)”为负面语境,结论不具备可信度,锁定否定前缀
派生词汇
答案:B
提分技巧
1. 前缀正负定性法:熟记高考四大否定前缀un-/dis-/ir-/im-,所有带此类前缀的派生词均为负向/反向语
义,pro-/ac-/sup-等前缀多为正向语义,无需通读全句可快速定性词汇情感色彩。
2. 语境逻辑匹配法:阅读态度、推理题必有明确褒贬语境线索(正向:benefit、improve、indispensable;
负向:lack、fail、harm、defect),语义前缀必须与语境情感完全匹配。
3. 形近前缀区分法:精准区分易混反向前缀,dis-侧重“动作否定、反对”,un-侧重“属性否定、相反状
态”,ir-/im-仅修饰特定词根形容词,杜绝前缀混用误判。
避坑指南
1. 规避绝对否定误区:部分前缀词汇无绝对反义,如unusual 并非“不平常的(贬义)”,可表“独特的
(褒义)”,不可仅凭前缀直接定性,必须结合语境微调语义。
2. 规避隐形前缀陷阱:部分单词隐藏否定前缀(如invalid、disorder),外形无明显反向特征,易被误判
为正向词汇,需熟记高频隐形否定派生词。
3. 规避语义过度推导坑:前缀仅定基础语义方向,不可过度解读词义,如unhappy 仅为“不开心”,不等
于“愤怒、憎恨”,避免语义夸大导致选错。
解题步骤
步骤1:拆解四个选项单词前缀,标注每个词汇的【正向/负向/中性】情感属性;
步骤2:精读题干/空格前后语境,抓取褒贬线索词,判定题干所需语义方向;
步骤3:批量排除前缀语义与语境逻辑相悖的干扰选项,缩小答案范围;
步骤4:结合词根核心本义验证剩余选项,匹配句意与文章主旨,锁定最终答案。
考向2 后缀词性改错考向
真题1(2026 全国甲卷 短文改错真题)
原句错误:He spoke soft to comfort the upset child, whose careless caused the whole trouble.
词缀改错解析:1. 副词后缀缺失:修饰动词spoke 需用副词,形容词soft 加后缀-ly→softly;2. 名词后缀
缺失:whose 后接名词作主语,形容词careless 加名词后缀-ness→carelessness
修改后正确句子:He spoke softly to comfort the upset child, whose carelessness caused the whole trouble.
真题2(2025 新高考I 卷 短文改错真题)
原句错误:Her kind and warmful made a deep impress on every teammate in the group.
词缀改错解析:1. 词性后缀误用:形容词warmful 错误,表“温暖”名词用warmth(后缀-th 表属性);2.
名词后缀变形错误:impress 为动词,名词形式加后缀-ion→impression
修改后正确句子:Her kindness and warmth made a deep impression on every teammate in the group.
真题3(2024 新高考II 卷 短文改错真题)
原句错误:It is great significance to protect tradition culture and local customs.
词缀改错解析:1. 形容词后缀缺失:固定句型It is + adj.,名词significance 变形容词加后缀-
ant→significant;2. 形容词后缀缺失:修饰名词culture 需用形容词,tradition 加后缀-al→traditional
修改后正确句子:It is significant to protect traditional culture and local customs.
提分技巧
1. 句子成分定后缀法:主语、宾语必用名词(后缀-tion/-ness/-ity/-th);修饰名词必用形容词(后缀-al/-
ful/-ive);修饰动词/整句必用副词(后缀-ly),成分锁定后缀类型。
2. 固定后缀适配法:熟记高考改错高频后缀转换规则,形容词变名词优先-ness/-ity,动词变名词优先-
tion/-ment,名词变形容词优先-al/-ive,精准适配考点。
3. 特殊变形速记法:重点掌握不规则后缀变形词汇,如true→truth、wide→width、deep→depth,规避常规
拼接错误,直击短文改错高频考点。
避坑指南
1. 规避ly 后缀混用坑:形容词变副词并非全部加ly,如true→truly、full→fully 需去e 变形;部分ly 结尾
单词为形容词(friendly、lovely),不可误作副词使用。
2. 规避同义后缀乱换坑:同词性后缀不可随意替换,表“状态性质”用-ness,表“抽象行为”用-tion,表
“品质属性”用-ity,高考阅卷严格区分、错用即扣分。
3. 规避词性思维固化坑:部分单词多后缀多词性,如nature→natural→naturally,不可仅凭单词原形判定变
形规则,必须结合句子成分灵活转换。
解题步骤
步骤1:逐句分析句子主干,定位划线/错误处单词所作句子成分;
步骤2:根据成分判定所需词性,匹配对应高考高频转换后缀;
步骤3:修正单词拼写,完成去e、双写、词根变形等规范操作;
步骤4:通读整句,校验词性、语义、语法三重合规,确认无后缀误用、拼写错误。
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
知●识●解●构
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
01 admire v.钦佩→admiration n.敬佩;admirable adj.令人敬佩;admiring adj.赞赏的
固定搭配:admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人;win public admiration 赢得大众敬佩
易错点:admirable 修饰事物(令人敬佩的),admiring 修饰人/神态(满怀赞赏的),二者修饰对象不可混
用
例句:We deeply admire her for her persistent efforts, and her admirable deeds gain widespread admiration.(我
们深深钦佩她的不懈努力,她令人敬佩的事迹收获了广泛赞誉。)
同义词:admire=respect;admiration=praise
02 amaze v.震惊→amazement n.惊讶;amazing adj.惊人;amazed adj.吃惊
固定搭配:amaze sb. greatly 使某人极为震惊;in amazement 惊讶地
易错点:amazing 形容事物令人震惊,amazed 形容人内心感到吃惊,是高考词性辨析高频考点
例句:The amazing result amazed all the students, who stared at the scene in amazement.(这个惊人的结果让所
有学生震惊,大家惊讶地注视着这一幕。)
同义词:amaze=astonish;amazement=surprise
03 annoy v.恼怒→annoyance n.烦躁;annoying adj.恼人;annoyed adj.恼火
固定搭配:annoy sb. 打扰/惹怒某人;be annoyed at/by sth. 因某事恼火
易错点:annoyed 修饰人的情绪,annoying 修饰让人烦躁的人或事物,介词搭配at/by 不可混用
例句:The annoying noise annoyed me deeply, filling me with great annoyance all day.(恼人的噪音让我极为恼
火,一整天都满心烦躁。)
同义词:annoy=irritate;annoyance=bother
04 astonish v.诧异→astonishment n.诧异;astonishing adj.惊人;astonished adj.震惊
固定搭配:astonish the public 震惊大众;be astonished at 对…感到诧异
易错点:astonish 为及物动词,直接接宾语,无需加介词;astonishing 侧重事迹、场面惊人
例句:His astonishing performance astonished all judges, leaving them in great astonishment.(他惊人的表现让
所有评委诧异,众人倍感震惊。)
同义词:astonish=shock;astonishment=amazement
05 ashamed adj.羞愧→shame n.羞耻;shameful adj.可耻;shameless adj.无耻
固定搭配:be ashamed of 为…感到羞愧;bring shame on sb. 给某人蒙羞
易错点:shameful 形容行为可耻,shameless 形容人无耻,ashamed 仅形容人的主观羞愧情绪
例句:He felt ashamed of his shameful mistake and condemned his own shameless behavior.(他为自己可耻的
失误感到羞愧,谴责自己的无耻行径。)
同义词:ashamed=guilty;shame=disgrace
06 bore v.无聊→boredom n.乏味;boring adj.枯燥;bored adj.感到无聊
固定搭配:bore sb. to death 让某人极度无聊;relieve boredom 排解乏味
易错点:bored 形容人感到枯燥,boring 形容事物、过程枯燥,短文改错高频易错点
例句:I felt bored during the boring lecture, and endless boredom made me lose focus.(枯燥的讲座让我倍感无
聊,无尽的乏味让我无法集中注意力。)
同义词:bore=tedium;boring=dull
07 calm adj.平静→calmness n.冷静;calmly adv.平静地;uncalm adj.慌乱
固定搭配:stay calm 保持平静;calm down 冷静下来;with great calmness 极为冷静
易错点:calm 侧重情绪、局势平稳,uncalm 为反向形容词,多用于书面语境,无比较级
例句:She remained calm and handled the emergency calmly, showing extraordinary calmness.(她保持镇定、
从容处理突发状况,展现出非凡的冷静。)
同义词:calm=peaceful;calmness=composure
08 cheer v.鼓舞→cheerful adj.欢快;cheerlessness n.消沉;cheerfully adv.开心地
固定搭配:cheer sb. up 鼓舞某人、使某人振作;a cheerful mood 欢快的心情
易错点:cheerlessness 为抽象不可数名词,侧重长期情绪消沉,区别于临时的sadness
例句:Her cheerful smile cheered me up, helping me get rid of inner cheerlessness.(她欢快的笑容鼓舞了我,
帮我摆脱了内心的消沉。)
同义词:cheer=encourage;cheerful=joyful
09 comfort v.安慰→comfortable adj.舒适;discomfort n.不适;comforting adj.暖心
固定搭配:comfort sb. for sth. 安慰某人;comfortable environment 舒适的环境
易错点:discomfort 多指身体、心理轻微不适,区别于serious pain;comforting 仅形容事物暖心
例句:The comforting words comforted me greatly and relieved my physical discomfort.(暖心的话语极大地安
慰了我,缓解了我身体的不适。)
同义词:comfort=soothe;comfortable=cozy
10 confuse v.困惑→confusion n.迷茫;confused adj.困惑;confusing adj.令人费解
固定搭配:confuse A with B 混淆A 和B;in total confusion 彻底迷茫
易错点:confused 形容人困惑的状态,confusing 形容问题、事物令人费解,词性语义易混淆
例句:The confusing question confused most students, leading to widespread confusion in class.(这道令人费解
的题目难住了多数学生,课堂上一片迷茫。)
同义词:confuse=puzzle;confusion=bewilderment
11 convince v.信服→convincing adj.有说服力;unconvincing adj.无力;convincement n.确信
固定搭配:convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事;convince sb. to do 说服某人做某事
易错点:convince 后接of 从句,不可直接接that 从句;unconvincing 侧重论据、理由缺乏说服力
例句:His convincing speech convinced me of his sincerity, and I had full convincement in him.(他极具说服力
的演讲让我信服了他的诚意,我对他完全信赖。)
同义词:convince=persuade;convincing=credible
12 depress v.消沉→depression n.抑郁;depressed adj.低落;depressing adj.压抑
固定搭配:depress one’s mood 使人情绪低落;suffer from depression 饱受抑郁困扰
易错点:depressed 形容人情绪低落,depressing 形容氛围、境遇令人压抑,高考写作高频区分点
例句:The depressing atmosphere made everyone depressed and even fell into mild depression.(压抑的氛围让
所有人情绪低落,甚至陷入了轻微的抑郁。)
同义词:depress=discourage;depression=sadness
13 delight v.欣喜→delightful adj.愉悦;delighted adj.欣喜;delightedly adv.开心
固定搭配:take delight in 乐于…;to one’s delight 令某人欣喜的是
易错点:delighted 修饰人的心情,delightful 修饰风景、经历、事物令人愉悦
例句:We were delighted at the delightful scenery and smiled delightedly all the way.(我们为这宜人的风景心
生欣喜,一路开心欢笑。)
同义词:delight=joy;delightful=pleasant
14 disappoint v.失望→disappointment n.失落;disappointed adj.失望;disappointing adj.扫兴
固定搭配:disappoint sb. 让某人失望;to one’s disappointment 令某人失落的是
易错点:disappointed 形容人感到失望,disappointing 形容结果、行为令人扫兴
例句:The disappointing result made all fans disappointed, which brought us great disappointment.(令人扫兴的
结果让所有粉丝倍感失望,我们满心失落。)
同义词:disappoint=let down;disappointment=frustration
15 doubt v.怀疑→doubtful adj.疑虑;undoubted adj.无疑;doubtlessly adv.毫无疑问
固定搭配:doubt the truth 质疑真相;be doubtful about 对…心存疑虑
易错点:doubtful 表不确定、心存疑惑,undoubted 为绝对肯定,语义完全相反,辨析必考
例句:I was doubtful about the plan at first, but it is undoubted that it works doubtlessly.(起初我对这个计划心
存疑虑,但毫无疑问它绝对可行。)
同义词:doubt=question;undoubted=certain
16 embarrass v.尴尬→embarrassment n.窘迫;embarrassed adj.难堪;embarrassing adj.尴尬
固定搭配:embarrass sb. in public 当众让某人难堪;hide one’s embarrassment 掩饰窘迫
易错点:embarrassed 形容人感到难堪,embarrassing 形容场面、言行令人尴尬
例句:The embarrassing mistake made me embarrassed, and I tried my best to hide my embarrassment.(这场尴
尬的失误让我倍感难堪,我尽力掩饰自己的窘迫。)
同义词:embarrass=fluster;embarrassment=awkwardness
17 encourage v.鼓励→encouragement n.激励;encouraging adj.鼓舞人心;discouraged adj.气馁
固定搭配:encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事;offer encouragement 给予激励
易错点:encouraging 形容消息、态势鼓舞人心,discouraged 形容人受挫后气馁
例句:His encouraging words encouraged me greatly, so I no longer felt discouraged.(他鼓舞人心的话语极大
地激励了我,我不再气馁。)
同义词:encourage=inspire;encouragement=motivation
18 envy v.羡慕→envious adj.羡慕;envy n.嫉妒;unenvious adj.豁达
固定搭配:envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某物;be envious of 羡慕、嫉妒
易错点:envious 可表中性羡慕或贬义嫉妒,unenvious 为书面高级词,表心胸豁达、不攀比
例句:We should be envious of others’ progress modestly instead of being full of envy.(我们可以适度羡慕他人
的进步,而非满心嫉妒。)
同义词:envy=admire;envious=jealous
19 excite v.激动→excitement n.兴奋;excited adj.激动;exciting adj.令人激动
固定搭配:excite one’s interest 激发兴趣;full of excitement 满心兴奋
易错点:excited 形容人情绪激动,exciting 形容事件、场面令人热血沸腾
例句:The exciting sports meeting excited all students, and everyone felt extremely excited.(激动人心的运动会
让所有同学热血沸腾,人人满心亢奋。)
同义词:excite=thrill;excitement=enthusiasm
20 fear v.害怕→fearful adj.恐惧;fearlessness n.无畏;fearlessly adv.无惧
固定搭配:fear failure 畏惧失败;be fearful of danger 惧怕危险
易错点:fearful 可形容人恐惧或事态堪忧,fearlessness 为褒义,表勇敢无畏
例句:True courage means being fearful of risks but facing them fearlessly with fearlessness.(真正的勇气是心
存风险敬畏,却依旧无畏前行。)
同义词:fear=dread;fearful=afraid
21 frustrate v.挫败→frustration n.挫败;frustrated adj.沮丧;frustrating adj.闹心
固定搭配:frustrate one’s efforts 挫败某人的努力;overcome frustration 克服挫败感
易错点:frustrated 形容人受挫沮丧,frustrating 形容事情繁琐、结果不尽人意、令人闹心
例句:The repeated frustrating failures made me frustrated and filled me with frustration.(一次次令人闹心的失
败让我倍感沮丧,满心挫败。)
同义词:frustrate=dishearten;frustration=setback
22 grateful adj.感激→gratitude n.感恩;ungrateful adj.忘恩;gratefully adv.感激地
固定搭配:be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人;express gratitude 表达感恩
易错点:grateful 修饰人的感恩心态,ungrateful 为贬义,特指忘恩负义的人
例句:I am deeply grateful for his help and gratefully express my sincere gratitude to him.(我深深感激他的帮
助,诚恳地向他表达谢意。)
同义词:grateful=thankful;gratitude=appreciation
23 grieve v.悲伤→grief n.悲痛;grievous adj.悲痛;grievously adv.伤心
固定搭配:grieve for the loss 为逝去而悲伤;suffer great grief 承受巨大悲痛
易错点:grieve 为不及物动词,常接for/over;grievous 侧重伤痛、损失极为沉重
例句:We grieve for the misfortune and grievously accept the grievous result calmly.(我们为这场不幸悲伤,坦
然接受这个令人悲痛的结果。)
同义词:grieve=sorrow;grief=sadness
24 hesitate v.犹豫→hesitation n.迟疑;hesitant adj.迟疑;unhesitating adj.果断
固定搭配:hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事;without hesitation 毫不犹豫
易错点:hesitant 形容人性格、举动迟疑,unhesitating 为高级褒义词,形容行事果断
例句:He is never hesitant to make decisions and acts with unhesitating determination.(他做事从不迟疑,行事
果断坚决。)
同义词:hesitate=waver;hesitation=doubt
25 hope v.希望→hopeful adj.满怀希望;hopelessness n.绝望;hopefully adv.有望
固定搭配:hope for success 期盼成功;be hopeful about the future 对未来满怀希望
易错点:hopeful 形容心态积极,hopelessness 为抽象名词,侧重彻底无望的状态
例句:We are hopeful about the future and hopefully get rid of inner hopelessness.(我们对未来满怀期许,有望
摆脱内心的绝望。)
同义词:hope=expect;hopeful=optimistic
26 horrify v.恐惧→horror n.恐惧;horrible adj.可怕;horrified adj.惊恐
固定搭配:horrify sb. 使某人惊恐;be horrified at 对…感到恐惧
易错点:horrified 形容人极度惊恐,horrible 形容场面、事物恐怖、糟糕
例句:The horrible scene horrified all viewers, who screamed in great horror.(恐怖的场面让所有观者惊恐不
已,众人惊惧尖叫。)
同义词:horrify=terrify;horror=fear
27 humble adj.谦逊→humility n.谦卑;humbleness n.谦和;unhumble adj.傲慢
固定搭配:be humble in attitude 态度谦逊;show great humility 展现谦卑品格
易错点:humility 侧重内在谦卑品性,humbleness 侧重外在谦和举止,unhumble 为书面反向词
例句:A great person keeps humble and treats everyone with humility and humbleness.(伟人始终谦逊待人,以
谦卑谦和之心处事。)
同义词:humble=modest;humility=lowliness
28 inspire v.激励→inspiration n.灵感;inspiring adj.鼓舞人心;uninspired adj.消沉
固定搭配:inspire sb. to do better 激励某人精进;gain inspiration 获取灵感
易错点:inspiring 形容事物、话语鼓舞人心,uninspired 形容状态低迷、毫无干劲
例句:His inspiring story inspires us and saves us from uninspired daily life.(他鼓舞人心的故事激励着我们,
让我们摆脱消沉的日常。)
同义词:inspire=encourage;inspiration=motivation
29 irritate v.恼火→irritation n.烦躁;irritated adj.易怒;irritating adj.烦人
固定搭配:irritate one’s temper 惹恼某人;cause irritation 引发烦躁情绪
易错点:irritated 形容人易怒、心生火气,irritating 形容言行、琐事惹人厌烦
例句:The irritating trivialities irritated me badly and brought continuous irritation.(恼人的琐事让我极为恼
火,心绪持续烦躁。)
同义词:irritate=annoy;irritation=annoyance
30 joy n.喜悦→joyful adj.喜悦;joylessness n.沉闷;joyfully adv.欣喜地
固定搭配:full of joy 满心喜悦;joyful atmosphere 欢乐的氛围
易错点:joylessness 侧重长期心境沉闷、缺乏愉悦,区别于临时的不开心
例句:The joyful festival eliminated our joylessness, and we celebrated joyfully together.(欢乐的节日驱散了我
们的沉闷,大家一同欣喜欢庆。)
同义词:joy=delight;joyful=cheerful
31 mad adj.疯狂→madness n.疯狂;madly adv.疯狂地;unmad adj.冷静
固定搭配:be mad about 痴迷于;madly pursue 疯狂追求
易错点:mad 可表痴迷或暴怒,unmad 为书面形容词,特指情绪冷静、不偏激
例句:He used to be mad about games, but now he keeps unmad and calm.(他曾经痴迷游戏、行事冲动,如今
已然冷静沉稳。)
同义词:mad=crazy;madness=frenzy
32 move v.感动→moving adj.感人;moved adj.动容;movement n.触动
固定搭配:move sb. deeply 深深打动某人;a moving story 感人的故事
易错点:moved 形容人内心动容,moving 形容故事、场景、行为感人
例句:The moving story moved all audience, and everyone felt gentle movement in heart.(这个感人的故事打动
了所有观众,人人心中泛起暖意与触动。)
同义词:move=touch;moving=touching
33 nervous adj.紧张→nervousness n.焦虑;unnerved adj.慌乱;nervously adv.紧张
固定搭配:feel nervous 感到紧张;relieve nervousness 缓解焦虑
易错点:nervous 侧重情绪紧张焦虑,unnerved 侧重突发状况导致的慌乱失措
例句:I felt nervous before the exam and waited nervously with slight nervousness.(考前我心生紧张,带着些
许焦虑忐忑等待。)
同义词:nervous=anxious;nervousness=tension
34 panic n.恐慌→panicked adj.惊慌;panicky adj.惶恐;unpanicked adj.镇定
固定搭配:fall into panic 陷入恐慌;avoid panicky behavior 避免惶恐失措
易错点:panicked 侧重突发的惊慌状态,panicky 侧重习惯性惶恐的心态,unpanicked 为褒义镇定
例句:He remained unpanicked in danger, while others became panicked and panicky.(危难中他保持镇定,其
他人却惊慌惶恐。)
同义词:panic=fear;panicked=terrified
35 panic v.使恐慌→panicking 慌乱;panic-stricken 惊慌失措
固定搭配:panic at emergencies 面对险情慌乱;panic-stricken crowd 惊慌失措的人群
易错点:panic 作动词无被动语态;panic-stricken 为复合形容词,仅作前置定语
例句:No one should keep panicking in accidents, and panic-stricken reactions will worsen the situation.(事故中
切勿慌乱,惊慌失措只会让局势恶化。)
同义词:panicking=flustered;panic-stricken=horrified
36 pity n.同情→pitiful adj.可怜;pitiless adj.无情;pityingly adv.怜悯地
固定搭配:have pity on sb. 同情某人;show pityingly eyes 投去怜悯的目光
易错点:pitiful 表值得同情的可怜,pitiless 表冷酷无情,二者语义完全相反
例句:We have pity on the pitiful poor and never be pitiless to vulnerable people.(我们同情可怜的弱者,从不
冷漠无情。)
同义词:pity=sympathy;pitiful=miserable
37 pride n.骄傲→proud adj.自豪;prideful adj.自负;humble adj.谦逊
固定搭配:take pride in 以…为荣;be proud of 为…自豪
易错点:proud 为中性自豪,prideful 为贬义自负、骄傲自大,语义感情色彩不同
例句:We take pride in our achievements and be proud of our efforts, without being prideful.(我们为成果自
豪、为努力骄傲,但绝不自负。)
同义词:pride=dignity;proud=honored
38 regret v.后悔→regretful adj.懊悔;regrettable adj.可惜;regretfully adv.遗憾
固定搭配:regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事;express regret 表达遗憾
易错点:regretful 形容人懊悔的心态,regrettable 形容事情、结果令人惋惜
例句:I felt regretful for my regrettable mistake and sighed regretfully.(我为自己令人惋惜的失误满心懊悔,
遗憾叹息。)
同义词:regret=repent;regretful=sorry
39 relax v.放松→relaxed adj.松弛;relaxing adj.舒缓;relaxation n.放松
固定搭配:relax oneself 放松自我;enjoy relaxation 享受休闲时光
易错点:relaxed 形容人身心松弛,relaxing 形容氛围、活动舒缓解压
例句:The relaxing music makes us relaxed and brings us great relaxation.(舒缓的音乐让我们身心松弛,尽享
轻松。)
同义词:relax=rest;relaxed=calm
40 relief n.宽慰→relieved adj.释然;relieving adj.解忧;unrelieved adj.压抑
固定搭配:to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是;feel relieved 感到释然
易错点:relieving 侧重事物缓解压力、解忧,unrelieved 形容情绪持续压抑、无法舒缓
例句:The good news is relieving, making us relieved from unrelieved pressure.(这个好消息解忧舒心,让我们
从压抑的压力中释然。)
同义词:relief=comfort;relieved=eased
41 satisfy v.满足→satisfaction n.满足;satisfied adj.满意;unsatisfying adj.乏味
固定搭配:satisfy one’s needs 满足需求;feel satisfied with 对…满意
易错点:satisfied 形容人感到满足,unsatisfying 形容事物、体验乏味、不尽人意
例句:The result satisfied us fully, and we gained great satisfaction.(结果让我们十分满意,我们收获了满满的
满足感。)
同义词:satisfy=fulfill;satisfaction=contentment
42 scare v.惊吓→scared adj.害怕;scary adj.吓人;scarelessness n.无畏
固定搭配:scare sb. away 吓跑某人;be scared of 害怕…
易错点:scared 形容人受惊害怕,scary 形容事物恐怖吓人,极易混淆
例句:The scary scene scared the kids, but brave people faced it with scarelessness.(吓人的场景吓到了孩子,
而勇者无畏直面一切。)
同义词:scare=frighten;scared=afraid
43 shock v.震惊→shocked adj.错愕;shocking adj.骇人;shockingly adv.惊人地
固定搭配:shock the public 震惊大众;be shocked at 对…错愕
易错点:shocked 形容人极度错愕,shocking 形容事件、行为骇人听闻
例句:The shocking news shocked everyone, and it was shockingly beyond imagination.(这条骇人听闻的消息
震惊众人,惊人得超乎想象。)
同义词:shock=astonish;shocked=stunned
44 sorrow n.悲伤→sorrowful adj.哀伤;sorrowfully adv.悲伤;unsorrowful adj.开朗
固定搭配:full of sorrow 满心悲伤;sorrowful mood 哀伤的情绪
易错点:sorrowful 侧重深沉的哀伤,unsorrowful 为书面词,形容心境开朗、无悲戚
例句:She was no longer sorrowful and faced life sorrowfully no more, becoming unsorrowful.(她不再哀伤悲
戚,以开朗心态面对生活。)
同义词:sorrow=grief;sorrowful=sad
45 surprise v.惊喜→surprised adj.意外;surprising adj.出人意料;surprise n.惊喜
固定搭配:surprise sb. 给某人惊喜;to one’s surprise 令某人意外的是
易错点:surprised 形容人感到意外,surprising 形容事情出人意料
例句:The surprising gift surprised me deeply and brought me great surprise.(这份出人意料的礼物让我倍感惊
喜。)
同义词:surprise=amaze;surprised=astonished
46 sympathy n.同情→sympathetic adj.富有同情心;unsympathetic adj.冷漠
固定搭配:have sympathy for 同情…;be sympathetic to the weak 体恤弱者
易错点:sympathetic 形容人心善体恤,unsympathetic 侧重冷漠无情、毫无同理心
例句:Kind people are sympathetic to others, while selfish people are unsympathetic.(善良的人体恤他人,自
私的人冷漠无情。)
同义词:sympathy=pity;sympathetic=compassionate
47 tense adj.紧绷→tension n.紧张;tensely adv.紧绷;untensed adj.放松
固定搭配:tense atmosphere 紧绷的氛围;ease tension 缓解紧张局势
易错点:tense 多形容氛围、肌肉紧绷,untensed 形容身心松弛、无压力
例句:The tense atmosphere made everyone wait tensely, finally turning untensed.(紧绷的氛围让众人紧张等
待,最终终于放松下来。)
同义词:tense=stressed;tension=pressure
48 thrill v.激动→thrilled adj.激动;thrilling adj.刺激;thrill n.兴奋感
固定搭配:thrill sb. greatly 让某人极度激动;feel thrilled about 为…亢奋
易错点:thrilled 形容人内心激动亢奋,thrilling 形容体验、场面刺激精彩
例句:The thrilling competition thrilled all audiences, who felt endless thrill.(精彩刺激的比赛让所有观众热血
沸腾,满心亢奋。)
同义词:thrill=excite;thrilled=ecstatic
49 trust v.信任→trustful adj.轻信;trustworthy adj.可靠;distrustful adj.多疑
固定搭配:trust sb. fully 完全信任某人;a trustworthy partner 可靠的伙伴
易错点:trustful 侧重单纯轻信他人(中性偏贬义),trustworthy 侧重值得信赖,distrustful 多疑多虑
例句:We should be trustful but not blind, and make sure our partners are trustworthy.(我们可以待人坦诚,但
切勿盲目轻信,认准可靠之人。)
同义词:trust=believe;trustworthy=reliable
50 worry v.担忧→worried adj.忧虑;worrying adj.令人担忧;unworried adj.坦然
固定搭配:worry about 担忧…;be worried about the result 忧虑结果
易错点:worried 形容人内心忧虑,worrying 形容事态、情况令人担忧,unworried 心态坦然
例句:The worrying situation made us worried at first, but now we are unworried.(起初令人担忧的局势让我们
心生忧虑,如今我们已然坦然。)
同义词:worry=concern;worried=anxious
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
01 innovate v.创新→innovation n.革新;innovative adj.创新;innovator n.创新者
固定搭配:innovate in technology 技术创新;technological innovation 科技创新;innovative ideas 创新理念
易错点:innovate 为不及物动词,后常接in/on;innovation 侧重制度、技术层面的革新,区别于普通创造
例句:Enterprises that constantly innovate in technology will lead the market with innovative products and core
innovation competitiveness.
同义词:innovate=reform;innovation=renovation
02 invent v.发明→invention n.创造;inventive adj.善于创造;inventor n.发明者
固定搭配:invent new devices 发明新设备;a creative inventor 富有创造力的发明者;patent an invention 为
发明申请专利
易错点:invent 侧重创造原本不存在的新事物,区别于discover 发现已有事物;inventive 形容人极具创造力
例句:The great inventor devoted his life to inventing practical tools and his inventions benefited society greatly.
同义词:invent=create;invention=creation
03 create v.创造→creation n.创作;creative adj.有创造力;creativity n.创造力
固定搭配:create value 创造价值;creative thinking 创造性思维;stimulate creativity 激发创造力
易错点:creation 可指艺术、实物创作成果;creative 修饰人或思维,creativity 为抽象不可数名词
例句:Art aims to create beauty in life and cultivate people’s creative ability and unique creativity.
同义词:create=produce;creative=original
04 transform v.变革→transformation n.转型;transformative adj.变革性;transformable adj.可改造
固定搭配:transform traditional industries 改造传统产业;digital transformation 数字化转型;transformable
system 可优化体系
易错点:transform 侧重彻底、根本性变革,而非细微改变;transformation 为抽象名词,无复数
例句:Technological progress can transform traditional modes and bring transformative social transformation.
同义词:transform=reshape;transformation=reform
05 automate v.自动化→automation n.自动;automatic adj.自动;automatically adv.自动地
固定搭配:automate production lines 生产线自动化;intelligent automation 智能自动化;automatic control
自动控制
易错点:automatic 侧重设备、流程自动运行;automatically 为副词,修饰动作,不可修饰名词
例句:Modern factories automate most processes and the equipment operates automatically via automatic systems.
同义词:automatic=self-operating;automation=automatic operation
06 digital adj.数字→digitize v.数字化;digitalization n.数字化;digitally adv.数字化地
固定搭配:digital economy 数字经济;digitize data resources 数据资源数字化;promote digitalization 推进
数字化转型
易错点:digitize 为动词表“使数字化”,digitalization 为行业、领域整体数字化进程,词义范围更广
例句:We digitize daily office work and realize digitally efficient operation through comprehensive digitalization.
同义词:digital=online;digitize=modernize digitally
07 artificial adj.人工→artificial intelligence 人工智能;artificially adv.人工地;artificiality n.人造
固定搭配:artificial scenery 人造景观;artificially cultivated plants 人工培育植物;the artificiality of design
设计的人造质感
易错点:artificial 侧重人工仿制、非天然的,多含中性偏贬义,区别于natural 天然的
例句:Artificial intelligence technology can artificially optimize production and reduce the artificiality of manual
work.
同义词:artificial=man-made;artificially=synthetically
08 virtual adj.虚拟→virtually adv.几乎;virtual reality 虚拟现实;virtuality n.虚拟
固定搭配:virtual classroom 虚拟课堂;virtual reality experience 虚拟现实体验;the virtuality of online space
网络空间的虚拟性
易错点:virtually 为高频熟词僻义,表“几乎、实际上”,并非“虚拟地”,是阅读易错点
例句:Virtually all young people accept virtual life and recognize the virtuality of digital interaction.
同义词:virtual=simulated;virtually=almost
09 advance v.进步→advancement n.发展;advanced adj.先进;advancing adj.不断发展
固定搭配:advance in science 科学进步;technological advancement 科技发展;advanced technology 先进技
术
易错点:advanced 表“先进的、成熟的”,advancing 表“正在发展中的”,时态语义差异极大
例句:Advancing science promotes social advancement and enables us to master advanced core technologies.
同义词:advance=progress;advanced=mature
10 develop v.发展→development n.开发;developing adj.发展中;developed adj.发达
固定搭配:develop potential 挖掘潜力;economic development 经济发展;developing countries 发展中国家
易错点:developed 表“已发达的”,developing 表“发展中的”,是完形、阅读高频辨析考点
例句:Developed countries focus on high-quality development while developing nations strive for rapid growth.
同义词:develop=evolve;development=growth
11 evolve v.进化→evolution n.演化;evolutionary adj.进化的;evolved adj.成熟进化
固定搭配:evolve with the times 与时俱进;biological evolution 生物演化;evolutionary rules 进化规律
易错点:evolve 为不及物动词,常接from/out of;evolved 表“已进化成熟的”,区别于evolving 正在进化
的
例句:Species gradually evolve in line with evolutionary rules and form evolved survival mechanisms.
同义词:evolve=develop;evolution=progress
12 explore v.探索→exploration n.勘探;exploratory adj.探索性;explorer n.探险家
固定搭配:explore unknown fields 探索未知领域;scientific exploration 科学探索;exploratory research 探
索性研究
易错点:explore 侧重主动探索未知、挖掘信息;exploratory 多用于科研、实验场景
例句:Many explorers devote themselves to space exploration and carry out exploratory aerospace experiments.
同义词:explore=investigate;exploration=discovery
13 discover v.发现→discovery n.新发现;discoverable adj.可发现;discoverer n.发现者
固定搭配:discover new laws 发现新规律;major scientific discovery 重大科学发现;easily discoverable 易
于发现的
易错点:discover 发现原本存在的事物,区别于invent 发明新事物;discovery 可数,复数为discoveries
例句:The discoverer of the new star made a great discovery that is discoverable with professional equipment.
同义词:discover=find;discovery=finding
14 analyze v.分析→analysis n.分析;analytical adj.善于分析;analytically adv.分析性地
固定搭配:analyze data thoroughly 深入分析数据;data analysis 数据分析;analytical thinking 分析性思维
易错点:analysis 复数为analyses,不规则变形高频易错;analytical 修饰思维、方法,侧重理性严谨
例句:We analytically sort out information and use analytical thinking to complete accurate data analysis.
同义词:analyze=examine;analysis=evaluation
15 calculate v.计算→calculation n.运算;calculator n.计算器;calculative adj.精于计算
固定搭配:calculate precise data 核算精准数据;accurate calculation 精准运算;calculative analysis 量化分
析
易错点:calculative 多形容人精于算计,含贬义;calculation 为可数名词,可指单次运算结果
例句:We use a calculator for daily calculation and make calculative judgments on project costs.
同义词:calculate=compute;calculation=arithmetic
16 operate v.操作→operation n.运作;operator n.操作员;operational adj.可运行
固定搭配:operate intelligent equipment 操作智能设备;normal operation 正常运作;operational system 可
运行系统
易错点:operate 表“运营、操作”为及物动词,表“运转”为不及物;operational 侧重设备体系可用状态
例句:Professional operators ensure the stable operation of equipment and keep the system fully operational.
同义词:operate=run;operation=function
17 cooperate v.合作→cooperation n.协作;cooperative adj.合作的;co-worker n.同事
固定搭配:cooperate with partners 与伙伴协作;win-win cooperation 共赢合作;cooperative attitude 合作态
度
易错点:cooperate 不及物动词,固定搭配with;co-worker 侧重职场同事,区别于普通partner
例句:We cooperate closely with co-workers and maintain a cooperative attitude to promote effective cooperation.
同义词:cooperate=collaborate;cooperation=teamwork
18 collaborate v.协作→collaboration n.合作;collaborative adj.协同;collaborator n.合作者
固定搭配:collaborate on projects 项目协同合作;collaborative innovation 协同创新;long-term collaborator
长期合作者
易错点:collaborate 侧重科研、项目、创作深度协作,比cooperate 合作程度更深、更正式
例句:Professional collaborators collaborate on technological research and achieve collaborative innovation via
close collaboration.
同义词:collaborate=cooperate;collaboration=joint effort
19 communicate v.交流→communication n.沟通;communicative adj.善于交际;communicator n.沟通者
固定搭配:communicate effectively 高效沟通;information communication 信息互通;a good communicator
善于沟通的人
易错点:communicate 为及物动词,直接接信息;communicative 形容人性格外向、擅长交际
例句:Excellent communicators are communicative and communicate ideas clearly to improve daily
communication.
同义词:communicate=convey;communication=interaction
20 connect v.连接→connection n.关联;connective adj.连接的;interconnect v.互联
固定搭配:connect devices 连接设备;close connection 紧密关联;interconnect multiple systems 多系统互
联
易错点:connect A with B 固定搭配;interconnect 侧重事物相互连通、双向关联
例句:Advanced technology can connect all terminals and make different platforms interconnect with close
connection.
同义词:connect=link;connection=relation
21 interact v.互动→interaction n.相互作用;interactive adj.交互;interactively adv.互动式
固定搭配:interact with users 与用户互动;human-computer interaction 人机交互;interactive interface 交互
界面
易错点:interact 固定搭配with;interactive 侧重双向互动反馈,区别于单向传递
例句:Users can interact interactively with the system and realize real-time interaction in intelligent scenarios.
同义词:interact=communicate;interaction=exchange
22 integrate v.整合→integration n.融合;integrated adj.一体化;integral adj.不可或缺
固定搭配:integrate resources 整合资源;industrial integration 产业融合;integrated system 一体化体系
易错点:integral 表“不可或缺的”,易与integrate 拼写混淆;integrated 侧重整体整合后的状态
例句:We integrate scattered resources to realize industrial integration and form an integral integrated
development model.
同义词:integrate=combine;integration=unification
23 separate v.分割→separation n.分化;separate adj.独立;separable adj.可拆分
固定搭配:separate useful data from waste 筛选分离数据;functional separation 功能分化;separable
components 可拆分组件
易错点:separate 动词读/ˈsepəreɪt/,形容词读/ˈseprət/,读音词性双易错;separable 侧重物理可拆分
例句:We separate mixed components and realize functional separation of separable structural parts.
同义词:separate=divide;separation=division
24 generate v.产生→generation n.一代;generator n.发生器;generative adj.生成性
固定搭配:generate energy 产生能量;new generation technology 新一代技术;generative algorithm 生成性
算法
易错点:generate 侧重产生能量、数据、效益等抽象事物,不用于实体物品生产
例句:The new generator can stably generate clean energy and apply generative technology for the new
generation.
同义词:generate=produce;generation=creation
25 produce v.生产→production n.产出;productive adj.高产;productivity n.生产力
固定搭配:produce high-quality products 生产优质产品;improve productivity 提升生产力;productive
workshop 高产车间
易错点:production 侧重生产行为、产量;productivity 为抽象生产力,不可数;productive 形容高效高产
例句:A productive production mode can greatly improve industrial productivity and produce more qualified
goods.
同义词:produce=manufacture;productivity=efficiency
26 consume v.消费→consumption n.消耗;consumer n.消费者;consumptive adj.消耗性
固定搭配:consume resources 消耗资源;low-carbon consumption 低碳消费;consumer demand 消费者需求
易错点:consumptive 多形容资源、能源消耗性的,极少用于人;consumption 为抽象消耗、消费总量
例句:Modern consumers advocate low-consumptive life and reduce unnecessary resource consumption.
同义词:consume=use;consumption=expense
27 distribute v.分配→distribution n.分销;distributor n.经销商;distributive adj.分配的
固定搭配:distribute resources reasonably 合理分配资源;product distribution 产品分销;authorized
distributor 授权经销商
易错点:distribute 侧重批量分配、分销;distributive 多用于经济、数学专业术语,日常使用少
例句:Official distributors distribute goods nationwide and realize fair distribution of market resources.
同义词:distribute=allocate;distribution=allocation
28 import v.进口→importation n.输入;export v.出口;exportation n.输出
固定搭配:import advanced equipment 进口先进设备;commodity exportation 商品输出;technology
importation 技术引入
易错点:import 侧重引入物资、技术、人才;export 侧重对外输出,二者方向相反,词形易混淆
例句:We import core parts through technology importation and promote product exportation to expand overseas
markets.
同义词:import=introduce;export=ship out
29 transport v.运输→transportation n.交通;transporter n.运输商;transportable adj.可运输
固定搭配:transport goods safely 安全运输货物;public transportation 公共交通;transportable equipment 可
转运设备
易错点:transport 为动词/名词通用,transportation 侧重交通运输行业、体系;transportable 侧重便携可转运
例句:Professional transporters transport transportable goods efficiently via convenient public transportation.
同义词:transport=carry;transportation=traffic
30 migrate v.迁移→migration n.迁徙;immigrate v.入境移民;emigrate v.出境移民
固定搭配:bird migration 鸟类迁徙;immigrate to a country 入境定居;emigrate abroad 移居海外
易错点:emigrate 是迁出本国,immigrate 是迁入他国,方向极易混淆;migration 可用于生物、人口迁徙
例句:Many birds migrate seasonally and their regular migration rules are similar to human population mobility.
同义词:migrate=move;migration=relocation
31 urban adj.城市→urbanize v.城市化;urbanization n.城镇化;suburban adj.郊区
固定搭配:urban construction 城市建设;rapid urbanization 快速城镇化;suburban life 郊区生活
易错点:urban 城市的,suburban 郊区的,rural 乡村的,三组为阅读地理类高频辨析词
例句:Urban areas continue to urbanize with rapid urbanization, while suburban regions remain quiet and
comfortable.
同义词:urban=city;urbanization=city development
32 rural adj.乡村→rurality n.乡村风貌;rural life 乡村生活;rural development 乡村振兴
固定搭配:rural economy 乡村经济;preserve rurality 保留乡村风貌;promote rural development 推进乡村
振兴
易错点:rural 为正式书面词,区别于countryside;rurality 为抽象名词,表乡村特质、风貌
例句:We focus on rural development, enrich rural life and protect the unique rurality of rural areas.
同义词:rural=country;rurality=countryside style
33 community n.社区→communal adj.公共;community-based 社区本位;communalism 社群主义
固定搭配:community service 社区服务;communal resources 公共资源;community-based governance 社区
治理
易错点:communal 侧重集体公共的、社群共有的;community-based 为复合形容词,作前置定语
例句:Community residents share communal resources and implement community-based public management.
同义词:community=neighborhood;communal=public
34 society n.社会→social adj.社会;socialize v.社交;socialization n.社会化
固定搭配:social progress 社会进步;socialize with others 与人交往;adult socialization 成人社会化
易错点:socialize 为不及物动词,后接with;socialization 侧重人的社会属性养成,抽象名词
例句:Social development helps people socialize better and complete healthy socialization.
同义词:social=public;socialize=communicate
35 culture n.文化→cultural adj.文化;cultural diversity 文化多元;culturally adv.文化层面
固定搭配:traditional cultural heritage 传统文化遗产;protect cultural diversity 保护文化多元;culturally
inclusive 文化包容的
易错点:cultural 形容词修饰文化相关事物,culture 为名词;culturally 多用于句首修饰整句
例句:Culturally diverse societies absorb excellent cultures and form inclusive cultural atmosphere.
同义词:cultural=ethnic;culture=civilization
36 economy n.经济→economic adj.经济;economical adj.节约;economist n.经济学家
固定搭配:economic growth 经济增长;economical lifestyle 节俭生活方式;professional economist 专业经
济学家
易错点:economic 表“经济层面的”,economical 表“节俭的、划算的”,词义极易混淆,改错高频考点
例句:Famous economists focus on stable economic growth and advocate economical resource utilization.
同义词:economic=financial;economical=thrifty
37 policy n.政策→political adj.政治;politician n.政客;politics n.政治学
固定搭配:national policy 国家政策;political system 政治体系;study politics 研习政治学
易错点:politician 多含贬义,指投机政客;statesman 为褒义政治家,写作替换优选
例句:Scientific political policies guide social development and politics is a key social discipline.
同义词:policy=regulation;political=state-related
38 govern v.管理→government n.政府;governor n.管理者;governance n.治理
固定搭配:govern social order 治理社会秩序;local government 地方政府;modern governance 现代治理
易错点:governance 侧重体系化治理模式,区别于单纯的management 管理;governor 可指州长、主管
例句:The government formulates rules to govern public affairs and optimize social governance.
同义词:govern=manage;governance=administration
39 educate v.教育→education n.教育;educational adj.教育性;educator n.教育工作者
固定搭配:educate teenagers 教育青少年;educational resources 教育资源;excellent educator 优秀教育工
作者
易错点:educational 侧重具备教育意义的、教育相关的;educator 特指从业教育者,区别于teacher
例句:Professional educators educate students with high-quality educational resources.
同义词:educate=teach;education=schooling
40 train v.培训→training n.训练;trainer n.讲师;trainee n.学员
固定搭配:professional training 专业培训;skill trainer 技能讲师;new trainee 新晋学员
易错点:trainer 是培训授课方,trainee 是受训学员,主被动身份易混淆;training 不可数表培训行为
例句:Senior trainers provide systematic training for new trainees to improve professional skills.
同义词:train=drill;training=practice
41 employ v.雇佣→employment n.就业;employee n.雇员;employer n.雇主
固定搭配:employ skilled workers 雇佣熟练工人;increase employment 增加就业;staff employees 在职员
工
易错点:employer 雇主、雇佣方,employee 雇员、被雇佣方,后缀-er/-ee 身份辨析必考
例句:Responsible employers employ talents actively and expand employment for local employees.
同义词:employ=hire;employment=job opportunity
42 create v.创业→entrepreneur n.企业家;entrepreneurship n.创业精神;enterprise n.企业
固定搭配:young entrepreneur 青年企业家;promote entrepreneurship 弘扬创业精神;private enterprise 民
营企业
易错点:entrepreneurship 为抽象不可数名词,表精神、业态;enterprise 侧重企业实体、事业
例句:Excellent entrepreneurs possess positive entrepreneurship and drive enterprise innovation and development.
同义词:entrepreneur=founder;enterprise=business
43 compete v.竞争→competition n.竞赛;competitive adj.有竞争力;competitor n.对手
固定搭配:compete fairly 公平竞争;fierce competition 激烈竞争;competitive advantage 竞争优势
易错点:compete 不及物动词,固定搭配with/against;competitive 形容人、产品具备竞争力
例句:Strong competitors compete in the market with core competitive strength in fierce competition.
同义词:compete=rival;competition=contest
44 challenge v.挑战→challenging adj.有难度;unchallenged adj.无对手;challenge n.难题
固定搭配:face challenges 直面挑战;challenging task 高难度任务;unchallenged leading position 无可撼动
的领先地位
易错点:challenging 形容事物有挑战性、难度大;unchallenged 表未被质疑、无可匹敌的
例句:We actively challenge difficult problems and complete challenging tasks with unchallenged confidence.
同义词:challenge=dare;challenging=difficult
45 solve v.解决→solution n.方案;solvable adj.可解决;unsolved adj.未解决
固定搭配:solve practical problems 解决实际问题;effective solution 有效方案;solvable difficulties 可化解
难题
易错点:solution 固定搭配to,表“……的解决方案”;unsolved 多指悬而未决的问题、案件
例句:Most daily troubles are solvable and we can find proper solutions to solve unsolved problems.
同义词:solve=resolve;solution=answer
46 resolve v.化解→resolution n.决议;resolved adj.下定决心;irresolvable adj.无法化解
固定搭配:resolve conflicts 化解矛盾;pass a resolution 通过决议;resolved attitude 坚定的态度
易错点:resolve 侧重化解纠纷、危机、难题,比solve 更正式;irresolvable 指无法彻底解决的矛盾
例句:We resolve team conflicts and make a resolution that no irresolvable problems exist in teamwork.
同义词:resolve=settle;resolution=decision
47 predict v.预测→predictable adj.可预判;unpredictable adj.不可预测;prediction n.预判
固定搭配:predict market trends 预测市场趋势;accurate prediction 精准预判;predictable change 可预判变
化
易错点:predictable 侧重变化规律可预判,unpredictable 侧重突发、无规律,阅读态度题高频辨析
例句:Natural changes are not always predictable and some emergencies are totally unpredictable in advance
prediction.
同义词:predict=forecast;prediction=expectation
48 evaluate v.评估→evaluation n.评价;evaluative adj.评价性;evaluator n.评审人
固定搭配:evaluate work results 评估工作成果;comprehensive evaluation 综合评价;evaluative standard 评
价标准
易错点:evaluate 侧重系统性、专业性评估,区别于简单judge;evaluative 多用于学术、考核场景
例句:Professional evaluators adopt objective evaluative standards to evaluate performance and make fair
evaluation.
同义词:evaluate=assess;evaluation=judgment
49 measure v.衡量→measurement n.测量;measurable adj.可量化;immeasurable adj.不可估量
固定搭配:measure comprehensive ability 综合衡量能力;accurate measurement 精准测量;measurable
progress 可量化进步
易错点:measurable 侧重可量化、可测算的;immeasurable 多指价值、影响、损失等抽象不可估量
例句:We measure measurable data via precise measurement and discover immeasurable hidden value.
同义词:measure=calculate;measurement=survey
50 assess v.评判→assessment n.评估;assessable adj.可评定;assessor n.评估师
固定搭配:assess project value 评判项目价值;overall assessment 总体评估;assessable index 可评定指标
易错点:assess 侧重价值、风险、能力的综合评判;assessable 指指标、结果可考核评定
例句:Professional assessors assess assessable indicators and complete scientific overall assessment.
同义词:assess=evaluate;assessment=appraisal
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
01 conserve v.保护→conservation n.生态保护;conservative adj.保守;conservator n.保护者
固定搭配:wildlife conservation 野生动物保护;energy conservation 能源节约;conserve natural resources
保护自然资源
易错点:conservative 多形容思想、作风保守,无贬义;conservation 为生态、资源保护专用名词,不可用
于人身保护
例句:We should conserve limited natural resources and attach great importance to ecological conservation.
同义词:conserve=protect;conservation=preservation
02 preserve v.保存→preservation n.留存;preservative n.防腐剂;well-preserved 保存完好
固定搭配:preserve cultural heritage 保护文化遗产;food preservative 食品防腐剂;well-preserved ancient
buildings 保存完好的古建筑
易错点:preserve 侧重留存珍贵事物、古迹、食物,区别于conserve 的资源节约保护;preservative 为可数
名词
例句:The ancient temple is well-preserved thanks to effective preservation measures and scientific maintenance.
同义词:preserve=keep;preservation=retention
03 protect v.防护→protection n.防护;protective adj.防护;unprotected adj.无防护
固定搭配:protect sb./sth. from harm 保护某人/某物免受伤害;protective measures 防护措施;under the
protection of law 在法律庇护下
易错点:固定搭配protect...from/against...不可混用介词;unprotected 侧重无防护措施、易受伤害的状态
例句:Protective equipment can protect workers and prevent them from working in unprotected conditions.
同义词:protect=safeguard;protection=defense
04 recycle v.回收→recyclable adj.可循环;recycling n.回收利用;unrecyclable 不可回收
固定搭配:recycle waste materials 回收废料;recyclable garbage 可回收垃圾;waste recycling 废物回收利
用
易错点:recycle 为及物动词,直接接回收物品;unrecyclable 特指无回收价值的废弃物,为环保专用词
例句:We classify daily garbage to recycle recyclable waste and dispose of unrecyclable trash properly.
同义词:recycle=reuse;recycling=reutilization
05 renew v.再生→renewable adj.可再生;renewal n.更新;non-renewable 不可再生
固定搭配:renewable energy 可再生能源;non-renewable resources 不可再生资源;urban renewal 城市更新
改造
易错点:renewable 多用于能源、资源领域;non-renewable 为高考阅读高频考点,特指化石能源等消耗后
无法再生的资源
例句:Solar and wind energy are typical renewable energies, different from non-renewable coal and oil.
同义词:renew=refresh;renewable=regenerative
06 pollute v.污染→pollution n.污染物;polluted adj.受污染;anti-pollution 防污染
固定搭配:pollute water and air 污染水土空气;air pollution 空气污染;anti-pollution policies 防污染政策
易错点:pollution 为不可数名词,表污染现象;polluted 作形容词仅修饰被污染的事物,不修饰人
例句:Industrial waste pollutes the river, leading to severe water pollution in polluted areas.
同义词:pollute=contaminate;pollution=contamination
07 contaminate v.污染→contamination n.有害物质;contaminated adj.被污染;decontaminate 净化
固定搭配:contaminate food sources 污染食物源头;radiation contamination 辐射污染;decontaminate
polluted soil 净化污染土壤
易错点:contaminate 侧重有害物质、病菌、辐射造成的污染,比pollute 更正式;decontaminate 为专业净化
动词
例句:Toxic waste will contaminate groundwater, and professional methods are needed to decontaminate the
contamination.
同义词:contaminate=poison;contamination=pollution
08 sustain v.可持续→sustainable adj.可持续;sustainability n.可持续发展;unsustainable 不可持续
固定搭配:sustainable development 可持续发展;ecological sustainability 生态可持续性;unsustainable
consumption 不可持续消费
易错点:sustainability 为环保主题核心抽象名词,无复数;unsustainable 侧重发展模式、消费方式难以长期
维持
例句:We stick to sustainable development and abandon unsustainable living habits to ensure ecological
sustainability.
同义词:sustain=maintain;sustainable=endurable
09 ecology n.生态→ecological adj.生态;ecologist n.生态学家;ecosystem 生态系统
固定搭配:ecological balance 生态平衡;fragile ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统;professional ecologist 生态学
家
易错点:ecological 为形容词,修饰生态相关事物;ecosystem 为可数名词,复数形式为ecosystems
例句:Ecological protection helps stabilize the ecosystem and is the research focus of many ecologists.
同义词:ecology=ecological environment;ecosystem=ecological system
10 nature n.自然→natural adj.天然;naturally adv.自然地;unnatural adj.人造反常
固定搭配:return to nature 回归自然;natural scenery 自然风光;behave unnaturally 举止反常
易错点:natural 侧重天然原生、非人工的;unnatural 不仅指人造,还可形容行为、现象反常不自然
例句:Natural resources are formed naturally, and artificial intervention will lead to unnatural ecological changes.
同义词:nature=wilderness;natural=original
11 resource n.资源→resourceful adj.资源丰富;natural resources 自然资源;resource shortage 资源短缺
固定搭配:abundant resources 丰富资源;resourceful region 资源丰富的地区;solve resource shortage 解决
资源短缺
易错点:resource 表示各类资源时多用复数resources;resourceful 除表资源丰富,还可形容人足智多谋
例句:Resourceful regions have rich natural resources and rarely face resource shortage problems.
同义词:resource=material;resourceful=abundant
12 waste n.废弃物→wasteful adj.浪费;waste-free 无废弃;reuse v.再利用
固定搭配:industrial waste 工业废弃物;wasteful behavior 浪费行为;waste-free society 无废弃社会
易错点:waste 可作名词、动词;wasteful 修饰行为、方式,不修饰人;reuse 侧重废旧物品二次利用
例句:We should reuse daily waste materials and avoid wasteful habits to build a waste-free environment.
同义词:waste=garbage;wasteful=extravagant
13 emit v.排放→emission n.废气排放;carbon emission 碳排放;low-emission 低排放
固定搭配:emit waste gas 排放废气;reduce carbon emission 减少碳排放;low-emission vehicles 低排放车
辆
易错点:emit 为及物动词,多用于气体、光线、热量排放;emission 表排放量、排放行为,环保写作高频
词
例句:Traditional cars emit more exhaust gas, while new energy vehicles belong to low-emission tools with less
carbon emission.
同义词:emit=discharge;emission=release
14 absorb v.吸收→absorption n.吸附;absorbent adj.可吸收;carbon absorb 碳吸收
固定搭配:absorb carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳;moisture absorption 水分吸附;absorbent material 可吸附
材料
易错点:absorb 侧重物理、化学吸收;absorbent 仅修饰具备吸附能力的物品,不修饰人;固定搭配absorb
sth. directly
例句:Green plants can absorb carbon dioxide, and their leaves are natural absorbent materials for carbon
absorption.
同义词:absorb=take in;absorption=adsorption
15 purify v.净化→purification n.净化;pure adj.纯净;impure adj.受杂质污染
固定搭配:purify polluted water 净化污水;air purification 空气净化;pure water 纯净水
易错点:pure 侧重质地、成分纯净无杂质;impure 为绝对反义词,特指掺杂杂质、不纯净的物质
例句:The purification system can purify impure water and turn it into pure drinking water.
同义词:purify=clean;pure=clean
16 degrade v.降解→biodegradable 可生物降解;degradation n.分解;non-degradable 难降解
固定搭配:biodegradable plastic 可降解塑料;natural degradation 自然分解;non-degradable garbage 难降解
垃圾
易错点:biodegradable 特指可被微生物分解的环保材料;non-degradable 废弃物是白色污染主要来源
例句:Biodegradable products can achieve natural degradation, while non-degradable waste will pollute the
environment for years.
同义词:degrade=decompose;degradation=disintegration
17 conserve energy 节能→energy conservation 能源节约;energy-saving 节能;energy waste 能源浪费
固定搭配:advocate energy-saving lifestyle 倡导节能生活;promote energy conservation 推进能源节约;
reduce energy waste 减少能源浪费
易错点:energy-saving 为复合形容词,仅作前置定语;energy conservation 为书面正式表达,适配写作场景
例句:We keep energy-saving habits, stick to energy conservation and avoid unnecessary energy waste.
同义词:conserve energy=save energy;energy-saving=economical
18 wildlife n.野生动物→wildlife protection 野生动物保护;wild adj.野生;wilderness 荒野
固定搭配:protect wildlife 保护野生动物;wild animals 野生动物;remote wilderness 偏远荒野
易错点:wildlife 为不可数集合名词,无复数;wilderness 特指无人居住的荒野、原生态区域
例句:Wildlife protection can protect wild animals from extinction and maintain the balance of wilderness
ecosystems.
同义词:wildlife=wild animals;wilderness=wild area
19 species n.物种→endangered species 濒危物种;specimen 样本;speciation 物种演化
固定搭配:rare species 珍稀物种;protect endangered species 保护濒危物种;biological specimen 生物样本
易错点:species 单复数同形,切勿变形错误;specimen 指科研样本、标本,和物种词义区分明显
例句:Many endangered species are on the verge of extinction, and scientists collect specimens to study speciation
rules.
同义词:species=creature;specimen=sample
20 balance n.平衡→balanced adj.均衡;unbalanced 失衡;ecological balance 生态平衡
固定搭配:keep ecological balance 保持生态平衡;balanced diet 均衡膳食;unbalanced development 失衡发
展
易错点:balanced 侧重状态均衡、协调;unbalanced 可形容生态、发展、心态等多方面失衡
例句:Balanced ecological development avoids unbalanced resource distribution and maintains long-term
ecological balance.
同义词:balance=equilibrium;balanced=harmonious
21 tradition n.传统→traditional adj.传统;traditionally adv.传统上;traditional culture 传统文化
固定搭配:inherit fine traditions 传承优良传统;traditional customs 传统习俗;traditionally speaking 传统而
言
易错点:tradition 表具体传统习俗时可数,表抽象传统时不可数;traditional 为写作高频高级形容词
例句:Traditional culture has been passed down for thousands of years and is traditionally respected by people.
同义词:tradition=custom;traditional=conventional
22 inherit v.传承→inheritance n.文化遗产;inheritor 传承人;cultural inheritance 文化传承
固定搭配:inherit traditional virtues 传承传统美德;cultural inheritance 文化传承;excellent inheritor 优秀
传承人
易错点:inherit 为及物动词,直接接传承对象;inheritance 为抽象名词,侧重文化、精神遗产,非实物
例句:Young inheritors inherit ancient arts and promote the continuous cultural inheritance of the nation.
同义词:inherit=pass down;inheritance=heritage
23 heritage n.遗产→cultural heritage 文化遗产;world heritage 世界遗产;heritage site 遗产地
固定搭配:protect cultural heritage 保护文化遗产;world heritage site 世界遗产地;intangible heritage 非物
质文化遗产
易错点:heritage 侧重历史遗留的珍贵文化、物质遗产,为正式书面词;区别于普通inheritance
例句:All world heritage sites are precious cultural heritage that needs lifelong protection.
同义词:heritage=legacy;cultural heritage=civilization treasure
24 custom n.习俗→customary adj.民俗;customs 风俗;local customs 地方民俗
固定搭配:local customs and traditions 风土民俗;customary etiquette 民俗礼仪;follow social customs 遵从
社会习俗
易错点:custom 单数指单一习俗,复数customs 泛指各类风俗;customary 为形容词,修饰民俗相关事物
例句:It is customary to respect local customs when traveling and communicating in different regions.
同义词:custom=tradition;customary=conventional
25 moral n.美德→morality n.道德;moral values 道德观;immoral adj.不道德
固定搭配:traditional moral virtues 传统美德;establish correct moral values 树立正确道德观;immoral
behavior 不道德行为
易错点:moral 可作形容词和名词;morality 为抽象道德体系,不可数;immoral 为绝对贬义,违背公序良
俗
例句:We uphold traditional morality, abide by moral values and resist all immoral behaviors.
同义词:moral=virtuous;morality=ethics
26 virtue n.美德→virtuous adj.品德高尚;virtually adv.实质上;virtueless 无德行
固定搭配:traditional virtues 传统美德;virtuous person 品德高尚的人;virtuous conduct 高尚品行
易错点:virtually 为高频熟词僻义,表“几乎、实质上”,和virtue 美德无关;virtueless 为书面贬义形容词
例句:Virtuous people inherit national virtues, while virtueless behaviors should be firmly opposed.
同义词:virtue=goodness;virtuous=noble
27 craft n.手艺→handcraft 手工技艺;craftsman 工匠;craftsmanship 匠人精神
固定搭配:traditional handcraft 传统手工技艺;excellent craftsman 优秀工匠;inherit craftsmanship 传承匠
人精神
易错点:craft 泛指手艺、工艺;craftsmanship 侧重匠人匠心、工艺水准,为写作高分词
例句:Senior craftsmen devote their lives to traditional handcraft and carry forward exquisite craftsmanship.
同义词:craft=skill;craftsmanship=workmanship
28 art n.艺术→artistic adj.艺术;artisan 手工艺人;artwork 艺术品
固定搭配:traditional art forms 传统艺术形式;artistic value 艺术价值;classic artwork 经典艺术品
易错点:artisan 特指手工匠人,区别于artist 艺术家;artwork 为可数名词,单复数可灵活使用
例句:Traditional artisans create precious artwork with unique artistic charm and cultural connotation.
同义词:art=fine art;artistic=aesthetic
29 literature n.文学→literary adj.文学;literature works 文学作品;literate 有文学素养
固定搭配:classic literature 经典文学;literary creation 文学创作;literate youth 有文学素养的青年
易错点:literature 为不可数名词;literary 仅修饰文学相关事物,不可用于普通文体;literate 侧重文化素养
例句:Classic literature works have profound literary value and cultivate literate and elegant minds.
同义词:literature=letters;literary=literature-related
30 history n.历史→historical adj.历史;historic 有历史意义;historian 历史学家
固定搭配:historical events 历史事件;historic sites 历史古迹;famous historian 知名历史学家
易错点:historical 侧重与历史相关的、真实发生的;historic 侧重具有重大历史意义的,二者完形高频辨析
例句:Historians study historical records and protect all historic cultural relics.
同义词:historical=past;historic=momentous
31 local adj.本土→local culture 本土文化;local resident 本地人;locality 地域特色
固定搭配:inherit local culture 传承本土文化;serve local residents 服务本地居民;unique locality 独特地域
特色
易错点:locality 为抽象名词,特指地域风貌、本土特色;local 可作形容词、名词,用法灵活
例句:Each locality has unique local culture that shapes the living habits of local residents.
同义词:local=native;locality=regional feature
32 nation n.民族→national adj.民族;national culture 民族文化;nationwide 全国范围
固定搭配:national spirit 民族精神;inherit national culture 传承民族文化;nationwide campaign 全国性活
动
易错点:national 侧重国家、民族层面的;nationwide 可作形容词、副词,表全国范围的/地
例句:Excellent national culture is spread nationwide and shapes the core national spirit.
同义词:nation=people;national=ethnic
33 globe n.全球→global adj.全球;globalization 全球化;globally 全球层面
固定搭配:global development 全球发展;economic globalization 经济全球化;globally influential 全球有影
响力的
易错点:globalization 为抽象不可数名词;globally 为副词,多用于句首修饰整句观点
例句:Cultural exchanges promote globalization and make traditional culture globally popular.
同义词:globe=world;global=worldwide
34 exchange v.交流→cultural exchange 文化交流;exchange student 交换生;intercultural 跨文化
固定搭配:carry out cultural exchange 开展文化交流;intercultural communication 跨文化沟通;international
exchange student 国际交换生
易错点:exchange 为及物动词;intercultural 侧重不同文化之间的交互,比cultural exchange 更侧重跨文化
属性
例句:Exchange students promote cultural exchange and eliminate barriers in intercultural communication.
同义词:exchange=communicate;intercultural=cross-cultural
35 respect v.尊重→respectful adj.恭敬;cultural respect 文化尊重;disrespect 无礼
固定搭配:respect diverse cultures 尊重多元文化;show cultural respect 展现文化尊重;disrespectful
behavior 无礼行为
易错点:respectful 形容人态度恭敬;disrespect 为名词,表失礼、不尊重,写作反义替换词
例句:We are respectful to different cultures and show no disrespect to any cultural tradition.
同义词:respect=honor;respectful=polite
36 tolerate v.包容→tolerance n.包容;tolerant adj.包容;intolerant 狭隘排外
固定搭配:cultural tolerance 文化包容;be tolerant of differences 包容差异;intolerant attitude 狭隘排外态
度
易错点:tolerant 搭配be tolerant of sth.;intolerant 为贬义,特指思想狭隘、无法包容差异
例句:A diverse culture needs tolerance, and we should be tolerant rather than intolerant of different cultural
customs.
同义词:tolerate=accept;tolerance=inclusiveness
37 unite v.融合→unity n.统一;unified adj.融合;cultural unity 文化交融
固定搭配:national unity 民族团结;unified cultural system 融合的文化体系;cultural unity 文化交融共生
易错点:unity 为抽象名词,表统一、团结;unified 侧重整合融合后的整体状态
例句:Multiple cultures unite to form cultural unity and build a unified and inclusive cultural atmosphere.
同义词:unite=integrate;unity=harmony
38 decorate v.装饰→decoration n.传统装饰;decorative adj.装饰性;traditional decoration 传统纹样
固定搭配:traditional festival decoration 传统节日装饰;decorative patterns 装饰纹样;unique decoration
style 独特装饰风格
易错点:decoration 泛指各类装饰物品、装饰工艺;decorative 仅作形容词,修饰具备装饰作用的事物
例句:Traditional decorative patterns are classic decorations that carry profound cultural connotations.
同义词:decorate=ornament;decoration=adornment
39 celebrate v.庆贺→celebration n.传统节日庆典;celebratory 喜庆;traditional festival 传统节日
固定搭配:traditional festival celebration 传统节日庆典;celebratory atmosphere 喜庆氛围;celebrate
traditional festivals 欢度传统节日
易错点:celebratory 为形容词,仅修饰氛围、场景;celebration 为可数名词,指各类庆典活动
例句:People hold grand celebration activities in a celebratory atmosphere to mark traditional festivals.
同义词:celebrate=observe;celebration=festivity
40 ritual n.礼仪→traditional ritual 传统礼仪;ritual adj.仪式化;ritually 依照礼仪
固定搭配:ancient traditional rituals 古老传统礼仪;ritual procedures 仪式化流程;act ritually 依照礼仪行
事
易错点:ritual 侧重正式、传统的仪式礼仪,区别于普通etiquette 日常礼节;可作名词和形容词
例句:Traditional rituals are passed down ritually and become an important part of traditional culture.
同义词:ritual=ceremony;ritual=formal
41 porcelain n.瓷器→porcelain craft 瓷器工艺;porcelain art 瓷艺;ancient porcelain 古瓷
固定搭配:exquisite porcelain craft 精湛瓷器工艺;traditional porcelain art 传统瓷艺;rare ancient porcelain
珍稀古瓷
易错点:porcelain 为不可数名词,泛指瓷器;表具体瓷器品类时可灵活搭配量词,为传统文化高频词
例句:Chinese porcelain art and porcelain craft make ancient porcelain famous all over the world.
同义词:porcelain=china;porcelain craft=ceramic art
42 calligraphy n.书法→calligrapher 书法家;Chinese calligraphy 中国书法;calligraphic 书法的
固定搭配:master Chinese calligraphy 精通中国书法;famous calligrapher 知名书法家;calligraphic works
书法作品
易错点:calligraphy 为不可数名词;calligrapher 特指书法创作者;calligraphic 为专属形容词
例句:Famous calligraphers create excellent calligraphic works and inherit traditional Chinese calligraphy.
同义词:calligraphy=handwriting art;calligrapher=brush writer
43 paper-cut n.剪纸→paper-cut art 剪纸艺术;traditional paper-cut 传统剪纸;artistic paper-cut 创意剪纸
固定搭配:folk paper-cut art 民间剪纸艺术;traditional paper-cut works 传统剪纸作品;creative artistic
paper-cut 创意剪纸
易错点:paper-cut 为复合名词,固定写法;是中国非物质文化遗产核心词汇,写作专用
例句:Traditional paper-cut is a classic folk art, and artistic paper-cut is popular in traditional festivals.
同义词:paper-cut=paper cutting;paper-cut art=folk craft
44 herbal adj.草本→herbal medicine 中草药;herbal culture 草本文化;herb 草本植物
固定搭配:pure herbal medicine 纯正中草药;traditional herbal culture 传统草本文化;wild herb 野生草本
植物
易错点:herb 为可数名词,指草本植物;herbal 为形容词,修饰草本相关物品、文化
例句:Traditional herbal culture and herbal medicine are precious treasures of traditional Chinese medicine.
同义词:herb=plant;herbal=botanical
45 diet n.饮食→traditional diet 传统饮食;dietary 文化饮食;healthy diet 健康膳食
固定搭配:traditional dietary culture 传统饮食文化;balanced healthy diet 均衡健康膳食;dietary habit 饮食
习惯
易错点:dietary 为专业形容词,侧重饮食相关的;diet 泛指日常膳食、饮食体系
例句:Traditional diet and dietary habits form unique food culture and ensure a healthy diet for people.
同义词:diet=food;dietary=diet-related
46 harmony n.和谐→harmonious adj.和谐;harmony culture 和文化;inharmonious 不和谐
固定搭配:harmonious society 和谐社会;traditional harmony culture 传统和文化;inharmonious
phenomenon 不和谐现象
易错点:harmony 为抽象不可数名词;harmonious 修饰氛围、关系、社会;inharmonious 为书面反义词
例句:Traditional harmony culture advocates harmonious coexistence and resists all inharmonious behaviors.
同义词:harmony=peace;harmonious=balanced
47 peace n.平和→peaceful adj.平和;peace culture 和平文化;unpeaceful 动荡
固定搭配:peaceful mind 平和心态;traditional peace culture 传统和平文化;unpeaceful social situation 动
荡局势
易错点:peaceful 侧重心境、局势平和安稳;unpeaceful 特指局势动荡、不安定
例句:Traditional peace culture cultivates peaceful minds and calms unpeaceful social conflicts.
同义词:peace=calm;peaceful=tranquil
48 modest adj.谦和→modesty n.谦逊;modestly adv.谦和;immodest 张扬傲慢
固定搭配:traditional modest virtue 传统谦和美德;show modesty 展现谦逊;behave modestly 行事谦和
易错点:modest 褒义,形容品性谦和;immodest 贬义,特指张扬自负、举止失礼
例句:Traditional culture advocates modest attitudes and teaches people to behave modestly with sincere modesty.
同义词:modest=humble;modesty=humility
49 diligent adj.勤勉→diligence n.勤奋;diligent craftsman 勤勉匠人;indolent 懒惰懈怠
固定搭配:diligent spirit 勤勉精神;craftsman’s diligence 匠人勤奋品质;indolent attitude 懈怠态度
易错点:diligent 形容人勤恳刻苦;diligence 为抽象名词;indolent 为高级反义词,写作替换lazy
例句:Diligent craftsmen stick to diligence and abandon indolent working attitudes all their lives.
同义词:diligent=hardworking;diligence=industry
50 perseverance n.坚持→persevere v.持之以恒;perseverant adj.坚持不懈;cultural perseverance 文化坚守
固定搭配:great perseverance 顽强毅力;persevere in inheritance 坚守传承;cultural perseverance 文化坚守
精神
易错点:perseverance 为不可数抽象名词;persevere 为不及物动词,搭配persevere in doing sth.
例句:Cultural perseverance requires us to persevere in inheritance with perseverant and persistent spirits.
同义词:perseverance=persistence;persevere=insist
考●向●破●译
考向1 派生词同义替换写作考向
真题1(2025 新高考I 卷 读后续写真题)
原文基础低分表达:I felt very sorry and decided to change my attitude to get along well with my brother.
词根派生词高分改写:I was overwhelmed with sincere regret and resolved to adjust my mindset to establish a
harmonious bond with my brother.
词根拆解替换:regret(替换sorry,情感高阶名词)、resolve(替换decide,坚定动词派生词)、
harmonious(替换well,和谐形容词派生词)、bond(替换get along,情感关系高级名词)
真题2(2024 新高考II 卷 应用文写作真题)
原文基础低分表达:I am very glad to invite you to take part in our school traditional culture activity.
词根派生词高分改写:I am delighted to extend a sincere invitation to you to participate in our school’s traditional
cultural activity.
词根拆解替换:delighted(替换glad,情感派生形容词)、invitation(替换invite,名词派生词适配书面语
体)、participate(替换take part in,正式动作派生词)、cultural(替换culture,词性适配定语修饰)
真题3(2024 全国甲卷 读后续写真题)
原文基础低分表达:The experience made me know the importance of persistence and courage.
词根派生词高分改写:The precious experience enabled me to recognize the significance of perseverance and
bravery.
词根拆解替换:precious(替换important,品质派生形容词)、significance(替换importance,抽象高阶名
词)、perseverance(替换persistence,意志类顶级派生词)、bravery(替换courage,语义精准派生名词)
提分技巧
1. 情感派生词升级法:写作心理、情绪、态度描写,统一用词根派生形容词/名词替换基础词汇,如
delight/happiness、regret/sorrow、persistent/hard,快速提升书面语质感,适配高考阅卷高分标准。
2. 词性派生适配法:基础动词优先替换同根派生名词、形容词,适配句子句式结构,避免句式单一,如
invite(v.)→invitation(n.)、persist(v.)→perseverance(n.),贴合书面写作语法规范。
3. 主题词精准替换法:针对文化、亲情、成长、环保等高频写作主题,固定使用对应主题派生词,如
harmonious(和谐的)、sustainable(可持续的)、traditional(传统的),精准贴合写作话题语境。
避坑指南
1. 规避词义偏差坑:同根派生词不可随意替换,需区分语义细微差异,如persistence 侧重“坚持行为”,
perseverance 侧重“逆境中坚守”,需贴合语境精准选用,避免语义不符失分。
2. 规避语体混用坑:口语化基础词与书面派生词不可混搭,写作全程统一使用词根派生高级词汇,杜绝
“高级词+基础词”混搭造成的语体混乱。
3. 规避词性误用坑:熟记派生词词性,不可将名词派生词误用为形容词、动词,如significance(n.重要
性)不可直接修饰名词,需用significant(adj.),规避词性错误。
解题步骤
步骤1:通读写作句子,圈出所有基础低频词汇(基础形容词、动词、名词);步骤2:结合写作主题,匹
配对应情感/主题类词根派生词;步骤3:校验派生词词性、词义,适配句子语法结构与语境逻辑;步骤
4:替换改写后通读整句,优化句式流畅度,保证高级词汇与句式完美适配。
考向2 词根词缀词义猜测考向
真题1(2024 新高考II 卷 阅读C 篇 环保主题)
真题陌生词:sustainability
词根拆解暴力速记:sustain(词根tain 持有、维持)+ ability(名词后缀,表状态/能力)→持续维持的状
态→可持续性
原文语境:The key to environmental protection lies in the sustainability of natural resources rather than temporary
economic gains.
语境词义:自然资源的可持续利用(无需词典,纯词根拆解精准推导)
真题2(2025 新高考I 卷 阅读D 篇 科技主题)
真题陌生词:innovative
词根拆解暴力速记:in(向内、深耕)+ nov(词根新)+ ative(形容词后缀)→深耕创新的→创新的、革
新性的
原文语境:Many enterprises rely on innovative technology to achieve long-term development in the digital era.
语境词义:创新型的、具有革新能力的
真题3(2026 全国甲卷 阅读B 篇 文化主题)
真题陌生词:preservation
词根拆解暴力速记:pre(提前、预先)+ serv(词根保留、守护)+ ation(名词后缀)→预先守护留存→
保护、留存
原文语境:The preservation of traditional crafts is vital to the inheritance of national culture.
语境词义:(传统手艺的)保护、留存
提分技巧
1. 词根定本义核心法:所有高考阅读超纲派生词汇,核心词义完全由词根决定,前缀仅改语义方向、后缀
仅定词性,优先拆解词根锁定单词核心本义,快速突破生词壁垒。
2. 词缀分层推导法:遵循“词根本义+前缀定褒贬/方向+后缀定词性”分层推导逻辑,先判词性适配句子
成分,再结合前缀微调语义,精准锁定语境词义。
3. 主题语境辅助法:科技、环保、文化、社会四大阅读高频主题,对应词根词缀语义固定,可结合主题常
识快速验证推导结果,杜绝词义偏差。
避坑指南
1. 规避后缀误判坑:不可通过后缀主观臆断词义,后缀仅决定词性,不改变词根本义,如sustainability 后
缀表状态,核心词义仍由sustain(维持)决定。
2. 规避前缀绝对化坑:否定前缀un-/dis-等并非绝对贬义,部分语境仅表语义反向,需结合文章情感基调
微调词义,不可机械套用固定释义。
3. 规避熟词派生误区:熟词派生新词词义并非完全等同原词,如preserve(保存)→preservation(保护性
留存),派生后语义更精准,不可直接套用熟词基础释义。
解题步骤
步骤1:定位阅读超纲生词,精准拆分词根、前缀、后缀三大模块;步骤2:拆解词根核心本义,通过前缀
判定语义方向(正向/反向/中性)、后缀判定词性;步骤3:结合段落主题与上下文语境,微调词义适配语
境;步骤4:代入原文验证句意通顺度,锁定最终精准释义,完成词义猜测解题。