考点4 阅读理解—议论文
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是26 年新模拟题
1. 高考真题考点分布
年份
卷别
主题语境
话题分类
2025
全国I 卷
人与社会
城市交通问题
北京卷
人与社会
能否延长看屏幕时间的争论
2024
新高考I 卷
人与社会
纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和
效果
北京卷
人与社会
讨论科学问题：宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生成的
浙江卷1 月
人与自然
加拿大Alberta 防雹千预计划之争
2023
全国乙卷
人与社会
物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性
2022
全国甲卷
人与社会
悉尼发展中面临的问题
北京卷
人与社会
量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？
天津卷
人与社会
美好生活的秘诀
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：记文章涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生
活密切相关。
2．从命题思路上看：
文章通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非的方法，来论证某种观点正确与否，肯定或否定某种主张。即提出
问题(引论)--分析问题(本论)一一解决问题(结论)”。常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词
义猜测题、情感态度题等题型。
【备考策略】
在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。通常来说，议
论文会采用三段论式结构。首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文
章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用
和对比，这一部分要注意作者选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的
方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内
容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。
议论文结构特点
写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，回答（解决）问题
写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
高考备考，重点练阅读。因为阅读是纲，纲举目张。阅读量 + 词汇量 = 高考英语前途无量。要做到精读
泛读相结合。每天读5 篇，高考一百三。具体来说，可以每天精读2 篇，读懂每一句话，并完成文后的问
答题；泛读3 篇，材料要相对容易一些，但要有长度。泛读的方法是只求知道内容，不记单词或漂亮句子，
也不做短文后的习题。
【命题预测】
预计2026 年议论文有可能考。复习过程中要熟练掌握议论文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功应对议
论文阅读试题。
【必备基础知识】
一、【语篇特点】
特点：
议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，
或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务
对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据
等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。
议论文的阅读方法：
1. 抓论点、寻论据
阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把
握了中心。
2. 重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大体的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论
文结构有以下两类：
(1)“
——
——
”
提出问题
分析问题
解决问题的过程。
(2)“
”
由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点的过程。
议
论
文
文
章
类
型
演绎论
证议论
文
是从已知的一般原理，规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类
文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最
后得出结论。
归纳论
证议论
文
是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然
后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。
比较论
证议论
文
是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比
法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结
论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物
的比较来证明论点的方法。
命题
要点
由于议论的目的是表明自己对事物的看法和态度，因此，命题时常考察其观点态度
以及根据文章内容归纳主旨大意等，有时也对文章的结构进行考察。
二、【解题策略】
1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了
作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。
2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。
3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。
做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。
考点一 议论文中的主旨大意题
主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文
章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生
的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些
关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。
【常考类型】
题型1
段落大意题
每个段落都有一个中心思想,且中心思想通常会在段落的首句或尾句体现出来,这
个句子就是常说的段落主题句。没有给出明显的主题句时,要根据段落内容概括出
段落大意
题型2
文章大意题
考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,即考查考生的归纳概括能力
题型3
标题归纳题
概括出文章的中心思想,并对中心思想再次加以提炼,拟定出文章的标题。文章标
题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子
(2024 新课标I 卷C 篇)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of
travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce
the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience
such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly
supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely
monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is
automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil,
the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new
pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions ( 排放) from
transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute
traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside
the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
31. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths.
B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence.
D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】A
第一步 读文章,概括文意：
第一段:引入关于BMF 的话题; 第二段:简单介绍BMF 的概念;第三段:介绍BMF 的原理及优点; 第四
段:BMF 意味着零排放,不会污染环境; 第五段:介绍 BMF 员工的环保意识。
第二步 析选项,斟酌判断：
A
BMF 的主要优势
涵盖性强,覆盖全文
B
BMF 的综合管理
无中生有,生搬硬套
C
BMF 的全球影响力
无中生有,生搬硬套
D
BMF 的技术标准
无中生有,生搬硬套
第三步 对比选项得出答案A。
（2026·山东省济南市高三上学期开学）Beneath the Pacific lies the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ),
where tens of billions of polymetallic nodules ( 多金属结核) are packed with cobalt ( 钴). Seabed-mining
companies promote them as “a battery in a rock” and “the easiest way to solve climate change.” They claim that
those nodules can provide metals for 4.8 billion electric vehicles.
Yet this promise threatens a biological treasure. Marine (海洋的) biologists reveal the CCZ shelters over
5,000 unique species in the darkness. The extensive mining of cobalt may lead to the loss of biodiversity. A
company claimed to have found a solution to minimize the damage to the ecology and has already trialed a 25-ton
collector robot designed to harvest these nodules. However, a 2023 study shows it can cause permanent destruction
in the area.
Commercial mining is not yet permitted in international waters. The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is
still determining how, and under what conditions, mining should be allowed. After 28 years of debate, its 168
member states still lack formal agreement. While companies advocate using nodule-collecting robots, 437 scientists
from 44 countries demand an immediate stop.ISA studies confirm that just 10% mining of the CCZ may wipe out
50% of its species.
Nor is it certain that cobalt mining will even be all that important in car-battery technology. Many battery
companies are trying to recycle cobalt from spent batteries. In March, several major European carmakers jointly
stated that they would not buy any metals produced from deep-sea mining before the environmental risks are
“completely understood”. Meanwhile, several Chinese electric vehicle producers have already made the switch,
recycling up to 95% of metals from used batteries. “Why rush to mine the ocean for metals becoming outdated?”
said battery expert Gavin Harper.
On June 8, 21 marine scientists from 8 universities finished a six-week research in the CCZ and packed up
seafloor samples to take back to their labs for further analysis. “An assessment of the mining’s impact will take
years of research,” says Andrew from Edinburgh. “I’m trying to get the best environmental data. And then it’s up to
society to make the decision to go ahead.”
8．Why are the nodules called “a battery in a rock”?
A．They contain valuable metals.
B．They have recharging qualities.
C．They own battery-like structures.
D．They generate renewable power.
9．What can be inferred about the ISA?
A．It prioritizes economic interests.
B．It is guarded about seabed mining.
C．It opposes commercial operations.
D．It requires more technical support.
10．What does the author want to illustrate in Paragraph 4?
A．Deep-sea mining meets demands.
B．Carmakers reuse battery materials.
C．Battery recycling needs promoting.
D．Seabed mining for cobalt can wait.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Marine Mining, a Green Solution
B．Cobalt, the Future of Batteries
C．Ocean Metals, an Ocean Risk?
D．CCZ, the Treasure Unknown?
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了海底多金属结核开采的利弊及争议。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Beneath the Pacific lies the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), where tens of
billions of polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) are packed with cobalt (钴). Seabed-mining companies promote
them as “a battery in a rock” and “the easiest way to solve climate change.” They claim that those nodules can
provide metals for 4.8 billion electric vehicles.(太平洋底部坐落着克拉里昂-克利珀顿断裂带，那里蕴藏着数百
亿颗富含钴的多金属结核。海底采矿公司将它们宣传为“岩石中的电池”和“解决气候变化的最简单方
法”。他们声称，这些结核可以为48 亿辆电动汽车提供金属。)”可知，这些结核被称为“岩石中的电池”
是因为它们含有有价值的金属。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is still determining how, and under
what conditions, mining should be allowed. After 28 years of debate, its 168 member states still lack formal
agreement.(国际海底管理局（ISA）仍在确定如何以及在什么条件下允许采矿。经过28 年的辩论，其168
个成员国仍未达成正式协议。)”可知，关于采矿，ISA 仍未达成正式协议，由此可推断，它对海底采矿持
谨慎态度。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nor is it certain that cobalt mining will even be all that important in car-
battery technology. Many battery companies are trying to recycle cobalt from spent batteries. In March, several
major European carmakers jointly stated that they would not buy any metals produced from deep-sea mining before
the environmental risks are “completely understood”. Meanwhile, several Chinese electric vehicle producers have
already made the switch, recycling up to 95% of metals from used batteries. (钴开采在汽车电池技术中是否真的
那么重要也不确定。许多电池公司正试图从废旧电池中回收钴。今年3 月，几家欧洲主要汽车制造商联合
声明，在“完全了解”环境风险之前，他们不会购买任何深海采矿生产的金属。与此同时，几家中国电动
汽车生产商已经做出了改变，从废旧电池中回收了高达95%的金属。)”可知，作者想在第四段说明的是深
海钴开采可以等待。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Beneath the Pacific lies the Clarion-Clipperton Zone
(CCZ), where tens of billions of polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) are packed with cobalt (钴). (太平洋底部坐落
着克拉里昂-克利珀顿断裂带，那里蕴藏着数百亿颗富含钴的多金属结核。)”以及第二段中“Yet this
promise threatens a biological treasure. Marine (海洋的) biologists reveal the CCZ shelters over 5,000 unique
species in the darkness. The extensive mining of cobalt may lead to the loss of biodiversity.(然而，这一承诺威胁
着生物宝藏。海洋生物学家揭示，CCZ 在黑暗中庇护着5000 多种独特的物种。钴的广泛开采可能导致生
物多样性的丧失。)”以及最后一段中““An assessment of the mining’s impact will take years of research,” says
Andrew from Edinburgh. “I’m trying to get the best environmental data. And then it’s up to society to make the
decision to go ahead.”(“评估采矿的影响需要多年的研究，”爱丁堡的安德鲁说。“我正在努力获取最好的
环境数据。然后由社会来决定是否继续进行。”)”可知，文章主要讨论了多金属结核开采的利弊及争议，
由此可知，C 选项“Ocean Metals, an Ocean Risk?(海洋金属，海洋风险？)”最符合文章主旨。故选C。
考点二 考查议论文中的推理判断题
1.推断题特征
推断题要求学生在理解文章表面信息的基础上，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者态度，
理解文章的寓意等。推断题是议论文中出现频率最高、难度最大的题目。推断题常常考查写作目的、作者
意图、结论推断或者文章出处推断等。常见的题目如下：
①From the example in paragraph...， we can infer that____________.
②Whats the purpose of the text？
③Whats the attitude of the author towards...？
2.推断题的解题策略
①立足议论文中明确的客观信息，挖掘内在的逻辑关系，合理地进行推断。
②全面分析所有相关信息，避免片面性，做到判断有据，推理有据，忠于原文。
③不可用主观臆断来代替文中作者的观点，不能用事实代替推理，不能用具体代替抽象，不能用现象
代替实质。
④要特别注意表现作者感情、态度、观点的语句。
⑤“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。
⑥选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、never、all、absolutely 等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模
糊，会用能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、
probably 等。
（2024 年新课标Ⅰ卷C 篇）
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and
viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both
questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an
entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on
paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly
shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading
passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With
paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their
memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing
hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,
which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these
technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have
demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view
identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in
print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t
assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【篇章结构】
段落
功能
关键词句
Para.1
提出问题
"Is comprehension the same...?" 双重疑问句引发思考
Para.2-3
对比论证
"When reading texts of several hundred words..., learning is generally
more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. "
Para.4
理论深化
"shallowing hypothesis" 解释心理机制
Para.5
延伸对比
"Audio and video...but remember less" 扩大讨论维度
Para.6
结论建议
"educators shouldn’t assume..." 提出辩证解决方案
【长难句分析】
1. 【原句】The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple
tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as
drawing inferences from a text.
【译文】当实验人员从提出简单的任务，如找到阅读文章的主旨，转向需要抽象思维的任务，如从文本中
推断出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。
【句子结构分析】本句中when 引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为move，like identifying the main idea in a
reading passage 和such as drawing inferences from a text 分别补充说明simple tasks 和ones that require mental
abstraction。
2.【原句】 According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which
are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
【翻译】根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，
相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。
【句子结构分析】suited to social media 作后置定语修饰mindset，which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰
先行词social media，and 连接主句并列的谓语approach 和devote。
3.【原句】However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t
assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
【因为】然而，在需要精神集中和反思的学习中，为了最大化学习效果，教育工作者不应假设所有媒介都
是一样的，即使它们包含相同的文字。
【句子结构分析】
主句: ... educators shouldn’t assume [all media are the same]；宾语从句: (that) all media are the same (省略 that)
；目的状语: for maximizing learning ... (介词短语 for... 表目的)；where mental focus and reflection are called
for` (定语从句修饰 learning，相当于 in which)； 让步状语从句: even when they contain identical words
(even when 引导)
【解析】
29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a
theory called “shallowing hypothesis ( 假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a
mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are
reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根
据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，
投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis 假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，
不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A 项。
命题意图：检验关键理论的理解与匹配能力，要求准确识别“shallowing hypothesis”的定义。
原文定位：第四段“数字阅读心态娱乐化，认知投入减少”。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when
providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are
called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、
音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反
思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，
尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应
假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可
替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C 项。
命题意图：考察对作者隐含观点的推理能力，需综合结尾段辩证结论提炼核心立场。
原文关键句：“数字资源需与传统阅读互补，但深度学习仍需纸质媒介”。
（2026·湖南省长沙市雨花区长沙市雅礼中学高三月考）The story of The Emperor’s New Clothes is one
of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous
suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child
to point out the obvious.
The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views. How many
companies have pursued costly projects favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had
doubts?
In his book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with
this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and
intellectual backgrounds. Individuals from varied backgrounds approach problems differently. It is not merely about
electing people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or
Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed
similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.
In today’s complex world, cooperation is crucial for breakthroughs. In science and engineering, 90% of
papers are produced by teams rather than individuals. Since 1975, team-based patents have dominated across all
categories in the United States.
There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected.
That may not happen if those in charge are arrogant. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of
Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior
managers — maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone
less senior.
This freedom to speak without fear of punishment is known as “psychological safety.” Syed cites a Google
study identifying it as the most important factor behind effective teamwork. For example, during brainstorming,
allowing anonymous idea submission helps reduce the influence of seniority and encourages honest feedback.
12．The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A．argue children’s wisdom over adults
B．confirm the popularity of Andersen’s fables
C．introduce the problem of fear to express truth in groups
D．make fun of the foolishness of the emperor and his courtiers
13．What kind of people are “hidebound”?
A．Those opposing team activities.
B．Those trapped in a fixed mindset.
C．Those overly focusing on others’ behavior.
D．Those challenging traditional ways of thinking.
14．What does the author suggest a company do as to assembling an effective team?
A．Select people from diverse cognitive backgrounds.
B．Employ graduates from the same top university.
C．Appoint senior managers to pose strict control.
D．Hire people in line with the chief executive.
15．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Cognitive Diversity: Daring to Differ
B．Junior Managers: Making Better Leaders
C．The Emperor’s New Clothes: Lying to Obey
D．The Google Study: Unlocking Psychological Safety
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．A 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章借《皇帝的新装》引出问题，论述团队需认知多样性与心理安全以应对
问题。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“The story of The Emperor’s New Clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known
fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will
be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.
(《皇帝的新装》是安徒生最广为人知的寓言故事之一。骗子哄骗皇帝，让他相信自己为他们制作了一套极
为华美的衣服，而那些不称职的人将无法看到这套衣服。侍从们不敢说皇帝其实一丝不挂，最后是一个孩
子指出了这个显而易见的事实。)”以及第二段“The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social
tradition to state their views. How many companies have pursued costly projects favoured by the chief executive,
even when other managers have had doubts?(这个故事传达的寓意是，人们常常深受社会传统的束缚，不敢表
达自己的观点。有多少公司在首席执行官青睐成本高昂的项目时，即便其他经理心存疑虑，却仍一意孤行
地推进呢？)”可知，第一段通过《皇帝的新装》的故事引出在群体中因恐惧而不敢表达真相的问题。故选
C。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state
their views.(这个故事传达的寓意是，人们常常深受社会传统的束缚，不敢表达自己的观点。)”可知，受社
会传统束缚的人，即那些陷入固定思维模式的人。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In his book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed
argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of
people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.(Matthew Syed 在其著作《叛逆思想：多元思维
的力量》中指出，解决这一问题的关键在于“认知多样性”，换句话说，就是组建一个由具有不同观点和
知识背景的人组成的团队。)”可知，作者建议公司从不同的认知背景中挑选人员来组建有效的团队。故选
A。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段中“In his book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking,
Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling
a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.(Matthew Syed 在其著作《叛逆思想：
多元思维的力量》中指出，解决这一问题的关键在于“认知多样性”，换句话说，就是组建一个由具有不
同观点和知识背景的人组成的团队。)”可知，文章主要围绕组建有效团队需要认知多样性展开，鼓励人们
敢于提出不同观点。所以“Cognitive Diversity: Daring to Differ(认知多样性：敢于不同)”可以作为文章标题。
故选A。
考点三 考查议论文中的细节理解题
1.细节题的特征
这类题目一般难度不大，以表层理解为主，多数情况下是直接信息题，主要考查学生在快速阅读文章
的同时从中获取某些特定信息的能力。它们往往以what、which、who、when、where、how 来提问，有时
还会加上一个前提。
2.细节题的解题策略
在处理细节题时，要做到又快又准。快：快速发现题干关键词，再运用略读和跳读的技巧在文中迅速
定位。准：解题时要抓准关键词，要注意选项与原文的细微差别，在准确理解细节的情况下，确定最佳答
案。
3.细节题的解题关键、
准确识别选项和题干改写过程中的，同义句表达是解题关键。常用的方法：1.采用同义词手段改写；2.
采用正话反说的方法改写；3.采用虚拟语气进行改写；4.采用同义句式方式改写。
1. (2025 全国一卷阅读C 篇片段)
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show
declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic
on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
…
28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1?
A. Cars often get stuck on the road.
B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more.
D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
【答案】C
【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词phenomenon，point out，paragraph 1。
第二步：根据关键词定位到第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent
years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many
parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into
the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤
其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车
里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。walk less and drive more= there’s too much traffic on
the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead，高度概括。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
2.(2024 新课标I 卷阅读C 篇片段)
…
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to
these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However,
psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than
if they listen to or view identical pieces.
…
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students’ attention.
B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills.
D. They are more informative than text.
【答案】A
【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词audio and video, increasingly used by university teachers。
第二步：根据关键词定位到第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so
university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an
article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，
例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教
师越来越多地使用这些技术。feel more engaging= hold students’ attention，同义替换。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
（2026·江苏省部分学校高三上学期8 月联考）Earlier this year, the Pew Research Center released data
showing that 55% of people get their news from social media. In a follow-up study, they found that these people are
more likely to see misinformation. When that misinformation is about science, it contributes to the growing
mistrust individuals have towards science. We, as scientists, need to do our best to correct this misinformation.
However, we are mostly stuck behind our lab desks due to the pressure to publish papers.
When we occasionally do approach the public, we often don't do a great job communicating in ways
nonscientists can understand. Most of us have not been trained to communicate or teach the lay audience. We use
complicated words and phrases and a lot of jargon (术语) . We may focus on tiny details that the general public
doesn't need to understand. Other times we forget that the people we are talking to are human, with complicated
lives and emotions. Just like us. They deserve our attention and respect. This causes the public to rely on other
sources for their scientific information, often the aforementioned social media.
Today we are seeing the consequences of this. Large percentages of people believe that infectious diseases
are not real and that vaccines (疫苗) are dangerous. This distrust in science has gone from a mere inconvenience to
now being an issue that endangers public health and safety. Distrust in science also endangers our funding. When
the public puts less value in science, there is less public support for tax dollars going to funding for research.
So, what can we do to address these issues? People trust those they know and interact with. We need to
interact with the public more. During these interactions, we should choose our words carefully. We need to cut out
as much jargon as possible. Sometimes it may be necessary, but then we must be clear and explain the terms we
use. To help people understand and remember concepts, we can use stories and images to illustrate our main points.
Most people can remember a story someone told, or a striking image shared.
1．What concern does the author raise based on the Pew study?
A．Declining public curiosity about science.B．Spread of false scientific information.
C．Scientists’ limited time for lab work.
D．Difficulty in publishing research.
2．What does the underlined word “lay” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Unprofessional.
B．Overnumbered.
C．Misinformed.
D．Undereducated.
3．What results from the public's disbelief in science?
A．Increased public support for research funding.B．Reduced reality of infectious diseases.
C．An increased risk for wellness threats.
D．Inconvenient access to scientific findings.
4．What does the author urge scientists to focus on?
A．More public talks without altering jargon.
B．Releasing more scientific work.
C．Avoiding social media platforms.
D．Making science more understandable.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨社交媒体传播科学虚假信息的问题，及科学家应如何改善科普方式
以重建公众信任。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Earlier this year, the Pew Research Center released data showing that 55% of
people get their news from social media. In a follow-up study, they found that these people are more likely to see
misinformation. When that misinformation is about science, it contributes to the growing mistrust individuals have
towards science. (今年早些时候，皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）发布的数据显示，55% 的人通过社
交媒体获取新闻。在一项后续研究中，研究人员发现，这类人群更有可能接触到虚假信息。而当这些虚假
信息涉及科学领域时，便会加剧人们对科学日益增长的不信任感。)”可知，作者基于皮尤研究提出的担忧
是“科学虚假信息的传播”。故选B 项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Most of us have not been trained to communicate or teach the lay audience.
We use complicated words and phrases and a lot of jargon (术语). (我们大多数人都没有接受过向lay 观众沟通
或讲解的培训，我们会使用复杂的词汇、短语和大量术语。)”可知，“lay audience”是科学家需要用“复杂
术语”沟通的对象，且科学家缺乏向其科普的培训，由此可推断“lay”意为“非专业的”（即不具备科学
专业知识的普通大众）。故选A 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This distrust in science has gone from a mere inconvenience to now being an
issue that endangers public health and safety. (这种对科学的不信任已从单纯的不便，演变为如今威胁公众健
康与安全的问题。)”可知，公众对科学的不信任导致“健康安全风险增加”。故选C 项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need to cut out as much jargon as possible. Sometimes it may be
necessary, but then we must be clear and explain the terms we use. To help people understand and remember
concepts, we can use stories and images to illustrate our main points (我们需要尽可能减少术语的使用。有时术
语或许难以避免，但这种情况下，我们必须清晰地解释所使用的术语含义。为了帮助人们理解并记住相关
概念，我们可以通过故事和图像来阐释核心观点)”可知，作者呼吁科学家通过“减少术语、用通俗方式
（故事、图像）科普”，让科学更易被公众理解。故选D 项。
考点四 考查议论文中的词义猜测题
词义推断题
1.词义推断题的特征
议论文的生词较多，容易出现词义推断题。这类题目不仅考查学生的英语知识水平，更重要的是考查
学生通过上下文提示，灵活应用英语知识的能力。它们常以“The underlined
word “...” means...、The meaning of the underlined word... is ____________ .”等表达来设问。
2.词义推断题的解题技巧
①通过上下文来推断词义。利用上下文的逻辑关系和句法结构来猜测词义。
②通过构词法来推断词义。这要求考生在平时的学习中注意掌握一些常见的前缀和后缀。
1.（2024 年新课标Ⅰ卷C 篇）
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening
to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material?
The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including
reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset ( 心态) and a tendency to multitask while
consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful
when it’s on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of
print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like
identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as
drawing inferences from a text.
……
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely to last.
B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use.
D. Become easy to notice.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally
more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字
或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学
习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in
a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员
从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应
是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所
以shine through 应是“显而易见”之意，和D 项意思相近。故选D 项。
2. (2023·全国乙卷D 篇片段)
……
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts, but the objects.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem.
B. History.
C. Voice.
D. Society.
【答案】 B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people
of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所
有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通
过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我
们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of
that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅
要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，
如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation 指的是“历史”。
故选B。
（2026·福建省漳州市高三上学期第一次教学质量检测）We become bored if something fails to absorb
our attention, or when we perceive it as meaningless. This is not to say that something needs to be both engaging
and meaningful to keep us interested: doing sudoku might be absorbing but relatively meaningless, while reading a
Peppa Pig bedtime story for the 500th time is not engaging but may nonetheless feel like a meaningful thing to do.
In any case, when boredom strikes it should serve as a reminder to do something more engaging or
meaningful. If you don’t react appropriately to your boredom, you may find yourself becoming chronically (长期)
bored. That is associated with a range of problems, including depression, anxiety, poor life satisfaction and so on.
There is statistical evidence to suggest that chronic boredom is becoming more common, and that this
commonness consists with the rise of smartphones. Why might digital media have this effect? Research has shown
that the main reason we pick up our phones or check our socials is to relieve boredom, but that the behavior
actually worsens it.
Digital devices may hold our attention for a while, but much of what we do online doesn’t feel meaningful.
It’s incredibly easy to plan to look at your phone for just five minutes and resurface two hours later with a
stranger’s holiday plans or the latest entertainment news. Phones’ effectiveness at throwing us into shallow
stimulation blocks us from important self-reflection like “Why am I feeling this?” or “What do I need that I’m not
getting?” If we pause and listen, then perhaps we can make a choice rather than being controlled by software
engineers.
Next time boredom strikes, don’t try to assuage it instantly and ask ourselves: are we in search of pure
entertainment or something more purposeful, an opportunity to connect with friends or our community or
something different, something new? The people who choose to embrace (拥抱) boredom, at least for a while, may
actually experience less of it. It could even be the first step towards a life that feels more stimulating overall:
meaningful, creative and free.
1．How does the author clarify his view in the first paragraph?
A．By defining concepts.
B．By giving examples. C．By raising assumptions. D．By
analyzing data.
2．What can be inferred about boredom?
A．It is easy to overcome.
B．It signals a need for change.
C．It is caused by digital devices
D．It always indicates mental illness.
3．What does the underlined word “assuage” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Identify.
B．Judge.
C．Use.
D．Relieve.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Should we embrace boredom?
B．Why should we cut digital device use?
C．What is the root of boredom?
D．Can we balance boredom and digital life?
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了无聊感的成因、影响及应对方式。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This is not to say that something needs to be both engaging and meaningful
to keep us interested:doing sudoku might be absorbing but relatively meaningless, while reading a Peppa Pig
bedtime story for the 500th time is not engaging but may nonetheless feel like a meaningful thing to do.(这并不是
说某件事物必须既引人入胜又有意义才能让我们保持兴趣：做数独可能很吸引人，但相对没有意义，而第
500 次读《小猪佩奇》的睡前故事可能并不吸引人，但可能仍然觉得这是一件有意义的事情。)”可知，作
者通过列举做数独和读《小猪佩奇》睡前故事这两个例子来阐明自己的观点。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In any case, when boredom strikes it should serve as a reminder to do
something more engaging or meaningful.(无论如何，当无聊来袭时，它应该提醒我们做一些更有吸引力或更
有意义的事情。)”可知，无聊的出现提醒我们做一些更有吸引力或更有意义的事情，即它暗示着我们需要
做出改变。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Next time boredom strikes, don’t try to assuage it instantly and ask
ourselves: are we in search of pure entertainment or something more purposeful, an opportunity to connect with
friends or our community or something different, something new?(下次无聊来袭时，不要试图立刻assuage 它，
问问自己：我们是在寻找纯粹的娱乐，还是更有目的的东西，一个与朋友或社区联系的机会，或者别的东
西，新的东西？)”及后文“embrace boredom（接纳无聊）”的对比可推知，assuage 与“缓解”相关。故选
D。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“The people who choose to embrace (拥抱) boredom, at least for a while,
may actually experience less of it. It could even be the first step towards a life that feels more stimulating overall:
meaningful, creative and free.(那些选择至少在一段时间内拥抱无聊的人，实际上可能会经历更少的无聊。这
甚至可能是迈向一种整体上感觉更刺激的生活——有意义、有创造力和自由的生活——的第一步。)”结合
全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了无聊以及我们是否应该拥抱无聊，所以A 项“Should we embrace boredom?
（我们应该接受无聊吗？）”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2026·黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈尔滨市第三中学校高三上学期9 月月考）Standing on the lakeshore, my
gaze drifts down to the tens-even hundreds of thousands of-small stones scattered around my boots, and I can't help
but pause in wonder. Each was created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time.
And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks?
Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1, 000 years ago. And much like a
rock, I've found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip
around the sun.
Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over
me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I'm less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we
can exist together.
But I'm not a rock. I'm a human-being filled with all the drama built into my DNA．
Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for
not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and not rude. On the door read a sign: "Please wear a mask before
entering our restaurant. We don't like it either, but let's all do what we can." But the guy tried to argue about the
note.
I sat watching, understanding both sides. I've been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at
the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow by looking through others' eyes, and thus the possibility of
finding content and success.
You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and
make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against
once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another's point of view.
I placed a rounded stone into my pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again.
24．What does the author compare the rocks to?
A．Challenges that we come across.
B．Our abilities that grows with time.
C．People with varied personalities.
D．Different stages of people's lives.
25．What does the underlined phrase "the waters of life" in Paragraph 4 most probably refer to?
A．The passing time that changes a person's attitude to himself.
B．The difficult experiences that the author encountered in his life.
C．The natural phenomena like rain and waves that wear down rocks.
D．The various life events that shape the author's perspective on others.
26．What caused the argument in the restaurant?
A．The guy's failing to obey the rules.
B．The owner's inappropriate attitude.
C．Misunderstanding between the two sides.
D．Lack of clarity in the sign.
27．What does the author try to convey through this text?
A．We should adjust ourselves to new conditions.
B．Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life.
C．Don't compromise easily and always stick to your principles.
D．Being adaptive and understanding brings a sense of well-being.
【答案】24．C 25．D 26．A 27．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过湖边石头从棱角分明到圆润光滑的变化，类比人生成长，探讨学会
理解他人、调整自我的重要性。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段“Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1,000
years ago. And much like a rock. I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has
expanded with each trip around the sun. (即使是最高的山也已磨损；没有一座像一千年前那么高。和这些岩
石很像，我发现我的态度软化了，而随着每过一年，我也更渴望能去更好地了解他人) ”以及根据第八段
“You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and
make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others.(把圆润的石头和棱角分明的石头放进
罐子里，前者能装下更多。圆润的石头会想办法调整自身、为同类腾出空间；而棱角分明的石头，却绝不
会退让分毫来包容他人)”可知，作者将“圆润的石头”和“棱角分明的石头”分别比作“懂得包容的人”
和 “固执不愿妥协的人”，即“不同性格的人”。故选C 项。
25．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的 “after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer
and more understanding. I'm less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together(历经数
十年 “生命之水” 的冲刷，我的棱角变得柔和，也更懂得理解他人。我不再轻易评判，更愿意思考如何
与他人共处）可知，“the waters of life” 指 “塑造作者对他人看法的各种人生经历”—— 正是这些经历
让作者从 “爱评判” 变得 “善理解”。故选D 项。
26．细节理解题。根据第六段“Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant
owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and net rude. On the door read a sign:
“Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can.” But the
guy tried to argue about the note. (两年前，在太平洋西北地区旅行时，我看到一个餐馆老板要求一个不遵守
规定的人离开。他的态度既不强硬，也不粗鲁。门上写着：“请戴上口罩进入我们的餐厅。我们也不喜欢
这样，但让我们一起尽己所能。”但那家伙试图就这条规定进行争吵。)”，从中可知，这次餐馆的争吵原
因是这个人未能遵守规则。故选A 项
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The
former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others.
Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the
world from another’s point of view. (圆的石头比棱角分明的石头更容易装进罐子里。前者想办法调整自己，
为他人腾出空间；后者从不让步迁就别人。时间就像水流冲刷着尖锐的石头，冲走我们对从别人的角度看
世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们）”可知，作者通过本文传达的应是“具备适应能力且懂得体谅他人，能让
人收获幸福感。”。故选D 项。
2.（2026·江苏省如皋中学高三上学期测试一）Chocolate is a popular snack, but the price of it continues
to rise. Cocoa from the cacao tree is the basic ingredient of chocolate; the trees thrive in warm and damp climates
but are struggling due to increasing aridity — a slow but non-stop drying of the land. This issue extends to
producers around the globe, threatening cocoa production and livelihoods of farmers.
Over the past 30 years, more than three-quarters of the Earth’s landmass has become drier. This dryness is a
long-term transformation with disastrous consequences for ecosystems, agriculture, and livelihoods.
Aridity arises from human-driven factors, including greenhouse gas emissions, unsustainable land use, and
natural resource degradation. Climate change, primarily caused by fossil fuel consumption and deforestation,
increases global temperatures, accelerating evaporation (蒸发) and heightening water shortage — even in regions
with moderate rainfall.
Unsustainable land use further intensifies aridity. Practices like deforestation and industrial farming degrade
soils, removing them from protective vegetation and essential nutrients. In cocoa-producing regions, deforestation
upsets local water cycles and wears away the topsoil. Degraded soils hold less water, deepening drought conditions.
Cocoa is just one crop at risk. Major agricultural zones are also affected. By 2100, up to 5 billion people may
live in dry lands, stretching food systems to their limit and forcing migration. Aridity also threatens ecosystems.
Wildlife struggles to adapt, and plant species suited to warm and damp conditions fail to survive. Economic losses
are overwhelming — Africa saw a 12% GDP decline from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity. Governments face
additional burdens from sandstorms, wildfires, and water shortages.
While aridity’s effects are severe, they are not entirely changeless. Restoring degraded lands, improving soil
health, and adopting sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable
energy, and international cooperation are essential in battling aridity.
As chocolate prices hit record highs in early 2025 due to dry conditions in Africa, addressing aridity is a
matter of urgency. Beyond saving chocolate, it’s about preserving the planet’s ability to sustain life.
8．What’s the main reason for the rising price of chocolate?
A．The decline of cocoa production.
B．The high cost of basic ingredients.
C．The increasing demand for chocolate.
D．The shortage of cocoa tree plantations.
9．What do we know about aridity?
A．It is mainly caused by natural factors.
B．It only affects cocoa-producing regions.
C．It has a wide-ranging impact on various aspects.
D．It will disappear if sustainable land use is adopted.
10．Why is Africa’s GDP decline mentioned in paragraph 5?
A．To show aridity only causes economic losses in Africa.
B．To prove Africa is the most severely affected by aridity.
C．To criticize Africa lacks effective measures against aridity.
D．To illustrate aridity has a significant influence on economy.
11．Which of the following can fight against aridity?
A．Cutting off water supplies.
B．Replacing renewable energy.
C．Promoting soil conservation.
D．Practicing industrial farming.
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．D 11．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了全球干旱化加剧对可可种植、农业生产及生态系统的威胁，并
导致巧克力价格上涨。但干旱化不仅是巧克力危机，也同时威胁农业、生态和经济。土地修复，可持续农
业，资源管理以及国际合作是对抗干旱的有效措施。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“… the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due to
increasing aridity—a slow but non-stop drying of the land. This issue extends to producers around the globe,
threatening cocoa production and livelihoods of farmers.(……可可树在温暖潮湿的气候中生长旺盛，但由于土
地逐渐变得干旱，它们的生长状况正面临困境。这一问题波及全球的生产者，威胁着可可的产量以及农民
的生计。)”可知，土地逐渐变得干旱使得巧克力的原料来源可可树的生长状况面临困境，从而导致可可的
产量减少，最终导致巧克力价格上涨。故选A 项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“This dryness is a long-term transformation with disastrous
consequences for ecosystems, agriculture, and livelihoods.(这种干旱是一种长期的转变，对生态系统、农业和
生计造成灾难性后果。)”可知，干旱的影响不仅限于单一区域或作物，而是广泛涉及生态、农业、经济等
多方面。故选C 项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“Economic losses are overwhelming—Africa saw a 12%GDP decline
from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity. (经济损失极为严重——自1990 年至2015 年，非洲的国内生产总值下
降了 12%，原因是干旱加剧。)”可知，导致非洲的国内生产总值下降的原因之一是干旱加剧，由此推知，
作者以非洲为例是为了说明干旱对经济的显著影响。故选D 项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Restoring degraded lands, improving soil health, and adopting
sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable energy, and
international cooperation are essential in battling aridity.(恢复退化的土地、改善土壤质量以及采用可持续的耕
作方式都有助于缓解干旱问题。有效的水资源管理、对可再生能源的投资以及国际间的合作对于对抗干旱
至关重要。)”可知，缓解或对抗干旱问题的方式有恢复退化的土地，改善土壤质量，采用可持续的耕作方
式，进行有效的水资源管理，对可再生能源投资以及国际合作。因此可知，选项C“Promoting soil
conservation.(促进土壤保护。)”是对抗干旱的措施。故选C 项。
3.（2026·四川省德阳天立高级中学高三上学期第一次月考）Do you love Beats headphones, True
Religion jeans, and UGG shoes? These are some of the most popular brands ( 牌子) around. They are also
expensive. But some experts say they are not much better than cheaper brands.
For example, Jim Wilcox works for Consumer Reports. He tested all kinds of headphones. He says that $80
Koss Pro headphones provide basically the same quality and comfort as Beats. So why do people pay twice or even
10 times as much for the hottest brands?
Experts say it’s because fashionable, expensive brands send a message. Brands say “I belong” or “I can
afford it.”
Some people think that expensive brand names are worth the price. They say that some designer clothes
really are top quality and that they last longer than cheaper brands. Some teenagers choose to wear popular brands
because these brands make them feel good about themselves.
Alexandra Allam, 17, likes to buy brand-name products. “I’d rather spend the extra money to get something I
know I’ll be satisfied with,” she says. Her friend Emmy Swan agrees, saying “As long as you can afford it, it seems
reasonable to buy what you want.” But not all teenagers agree. “Spending hundreds of dollars for designer
sunglasses is stupid and unreasonable,” says Daniel Steinbrecher, 16. “It’s fake (假的) happiness.”
People who are against wearing expensive brand names say that many designer brands aren’t any better. “It’s
wasteful to buy things just because they are popular,” says Edmund Williams, 15. “You’ll feel better if you buy
things because you like them. If you have extra money to spend, it would be better to give it to people in need.”
8．The example of Jim’s report wants to tell us _____.
A．popular brands make people comfortable
B．Koss Pro headphones are better than Beats
C．the hottest brands are of the highest quality
D．lesser-known brands may offer the same quality as name brands
9．According to experts, people choose the hottest brands probably _____.
A．to show off
B．for their better quality
C．for their better designs
D．to belong to a special group
10．What does Edmund think of expensive brands?
A．They are not worth the price.
B．They make him feel confident.
C．They need to improve their quality.
D．They pay too much attention to personal likes.
11．The text is mainly about _____.
A．how to buy things reasonably
B．the competition between brands
C．the different values of teenagers
D．whether expensive brands are worth high prices
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．A 11．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了昂贵的品牌到底值不值这一话题。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Jim Wilcox works for Consumer Reports. He tested all kinds of headphones. He
says that $80 Koss Pro headphones provide basically the same quality and comfort as Beats. (Jim Wilcox 就职于
《消费者报告》。他测试了各种耳机。他说，80 美元的科斯Pro 耳机提供的品质和舒适度基本与Beats 一
样)”可知，吉姆的报告中的例子告诉我们廉价的耳机也可以提供与知名品牌耳机相同的品质和舒适度，由
此推知，不太知名的品牌也可能提供与知名品牌相同的品质。故选D。
9．推理推断题。根据第三段的“Experts say it’s because fashionable, expensive brands send a message. Brands
say ‘I belong’ or ‘I can afford it.’”(专家表示，这是因为时尚、昂贵的品牌传递了一种信息。品牌会说“我属
于”或“我买得起”)”可推知，人们选择最热门的品牌是为了表明自己的与众不同，出于炫耀心理，故选
A。
10．推理推断题。根据最后一段Edmund 所说的“It’s wasteful to buy things just because they are popular, (仅
仅因为某样东西流行就去买是一种浪费)” 可推知，Edmund 认为昂贵品牌并不值那个价，故选A。
11．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出本文要谈论的话题“They are also expensive. But some experts say they are
not much better than cheaper brands.(它们也很贵。但一些专家表示，它们并不比便宜的品牌好多少)”，随后
文章从正反两面对此进行了讨论，由此推知，文章主要是讨论了昂贵的品牌到底值不值这一话题。故选
D。
4.（2026·贵州省贵阳市高三上学期8 月摸底）Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne
(香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence.
I eat alone at restaurants — and I do it a lot. This usually seems to make people around me uncomfortable.
Recently, I went to a restaurant for dinner and mistakenly booked a table for two instead of one. The chef working
that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening.
Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness.
I’ve never been afraid to eat alone. Women don’t need encouragement to live an independent life. It is
uncomfortable to be treated like a sad, lost lamb just because someone has not accompanied me outside. It is
neither brave nor sad for a woman to dine alone.
In the 19th century, some hotels reserved separate dining rooms called “ladies’ ordinaries” for women dining
alone. Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change
was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies. In 1969, Betty Friedan and
some other women stormed the Oak Room in the Plaza Hotel to demand that women be allowed in during the male-
only lunch hours. The restaurant soon changed its policy — and the agitation (骚动) inspired a wave of protests at
other restaurants across the country. In 1970, a federal suit and a new law required New York City’s oldest saloon to
abandon its 116-year ban on women.
The social stereotype around women dining alone seems to tell us: men occupy the public and women the
private. Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on
women’s autonomy.
The people who offer free drinks aren’t cruel, of course. Quite the opposite: Those are generous and friendly
ones. But friendly or not, it’s part of wrong understanding. And when I’m eating alone. I don’t want to be a symbol.
I’m just there to read my book, have a middling steak and drink my free champagne in peace.
28．Why did the chef give a dessert to the author?
A．The chef wanted to make her stay longer.
B．The chef wrongly arranged a table for two.
C．The chef showed her sympathy for the author.
D．The chef had to have the author eating alone.
29．What caused women to fight against the policies?
A．They wanted to have separate rooms.
B．They were not treated equally as men.
C．They hoped to manage those restaurants.
D．They were inspired by previous protests.
30．What does the author think of women dining alone?
A．It requires more public attention.
B．It prevents women from the world.
C．It needs bravery and encouragement.
D．It raises awareness of women’s right.
31．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Dining Alone: a Pity for Women?
B．Should Women Embrace Privacy?
C．Women: How to Say No at Restaurant? D．Do Eating Habits Change Women’s Life?
【答案】28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了女性独自用餐时遭遇的特殊对待，回顾女性为争取平等用餐
权利的抗争，并表达女性独自用餐无需同情、实则关乎自主权的观点。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was
that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for
my sadness.(当晚工作的厨师看到我，过来表示她很遗憾，在她看来，我当晚是被抛弃了。我还没来得及纠
正她，她就给了我一份额外的甜点，以慰藉我的“悲伤”)”可知，厨师误以为作者被抛弃而独自用餐，出
于同情给了作者甜点。故选C 项。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel
eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only
policies.(进入20 世纪，女性若没有男性陪同，在酒吧或酒店餐厅可能会被拒绝提供服务。变革来得很缓慢。
一些餐厅仍维持着各种形式的“仅限男性”政策)”可知，女性因受到与男性不平等的对待（无男性陪同被
拒服务、面临仅限男性的政策），才发起抗争反对这些不公平政策。故选B 项。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands
the social imagination on women’s autonomy.(独自用餐有望对抗这种世界观，并拓展社会对女性自主权的认
知)”可知，作者认为女性独自用餐能够提升人们对女性自主权（属于女性权利范畴）的认知，即唤起对女
性权利的意识。故选D 项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne (香槟酒).
But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. (独自用餐的女性会得到他人的同情，甚至
免费的香槟。但女性的正常生活状态，本就无需同情，也无需刻意称赞)”以及下文介绍的作者自身经历、
女性争取平等用餐权利的历史及对女性独自用餐的看法可知，本文主要探讨的是“女性独自用餐是否值得
同情”这一话题。由此可知，“Dining Alone: a Pity for Women?(独自用餐：女性值得同情吗？)”概括了文
章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A 项。
5.（2026·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三上学期开学）The climate crisis may lead the human race to
shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading
fossil expert has said.
Professor Steve Brusatte, a palaeontologist at the University of Edinburgh, suggested that the way in which
other mammals have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans’ future.
He compared the potential problem of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size
as temperatures rose around 55 million years ago.
Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world
today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule. “The reasons
are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to
their volume than bigger animals and can thus improve the dissipation of the extra heat,” he writes.
Brusatte said that becoming smaller was “a common way that mammals deal with climate change”. He
added, “That’s not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of
mammals when temperatures rise pretty quickly. That does raise the question: If temperatures do rise really quickly,
might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly reasonable.”
However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Professor Adrian Lister, of
the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak.
“We are not really controlled by natural selection,” he said. “If that was going to happen, you’d need to find large
people dying before they could reproduce because of climate warming. That is not happening in today’s world. We
wear clothes, we have got heating, we have got air conditioning if it is too hot.”
32．How do mammals cope with climate change according to Brusatte?
A．Moving to colder regions.
B．Reducing their body size.
C．Losing their weight.
D．Adapting their diet.
33．What does the underlined word “dissipation” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Exchange.
B．Formation.
C．Absorption.
D．Emission.
34．What is Adrian Lister’s attitude towards the recent study?
A．Worried.
B．Objective.
C．Skeptical.
D．Approving.
35．What is the best title of this text?
A．The Threat of Climate Change to Human Survival
B．The Impact of Climate Change on Mammal Body Sizes
C．The Evolutionary Trends in Mammal Body Sizes
D．The Adaptive Strategies of Mammals to Climate Change
【答案】32．B 33．D 34．C 35．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章本文探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with
smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said. (一位著
名化石专家表示，气候危机可能会导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎更能应对不断上升的
全球气温。)”及第四段中“Brusatte said that becoming smaller was ‘a common way that mammals deal with
climate change’. ( Brusatte 说，变小是“哺乳动物应对气候变化的一种常见方式”。)”可知，根据Brusatte
的说法，哺乳动物减小体型来应对气候变化。故选B 项。
33．词句猜测题。根据划线词句前文“Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that
animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle
known as Bergmann’s rule. (在《哺乳动物的兴起和统治》一书中，Brusatte 指出，当今世界上温暖地区的动
物通常比寒冷地区的动物要小，这是一个被称为Bergmann 法则的生态原则。)”和划线词句中“The reasons
are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to
their volume than bigger animals (原因尚不完全清楚，但可能在一定程度上是因为比较起更大的动物，较小
的动物相对于其体积有更高的表面积)”可知，体型较小的动物比体型较大的动物更容易散热，从而推知划
线部分“and can thus improve the dissipation of the extra heat (从而可以提高额外热量的dissipation)”其中划
线部分意思是“散发”。故选D 项。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to
shrink. Professor Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the
recent human remains study is weak.(然而，并不是所有的专家都认为气温升高会导致哺乳动物体型缩小。伦
敦自然历史博物馆的Adrian Lister 教授说，最近的人类遗骸研究显示的这种关系很弱。)”以及“That is not
happening in today’s world.(这在今天的世界是不会发生的。)”等内容可知，Adrian Lister 对最近的研究持怀
疑态度。故选C 项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as
mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has
said. (一位著名化石专家表示，气候危机可能会导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎更能应
对不断上升的全球气温。)”可知，本文探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。B“气候变化
对哺乳动物体型的影响”符合主题，故选B 项。
6.（2026·山东省高三上学期开学联考）Despite the convenience brought by the social network, the issue
of cyberbully has become so widespread that many individuals now hesitate to engage in online interactions. By
next year, a significant portion of online communication will involve some form of harassment ( 骚扰). We are
finally acknowledging the gravity of this issue by supporting and developing a variety of initiatives, platforms, and
strategies aimed at preventing cyberbullies from causing harm.
Unfortunately, our efforts might be insufficient and too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely
accessible, cyberbullies will have adopted more complex strategies. In the near future, it won’t just be the messages
you see on your screen that will be questionable. Soon you will also doubt the authenticity of the profiles you
encounter. This is due to the spreading of advanced identity manipulation (操纵) and automation technologies that
are becoming increasingly accessible.
These advancements are likely to fuel our current struggles with cyberbully. The reason cyberbully is so
harmful is not just its frequency but also its personal nature. A decade of social media use has resulted in a situation
where cyberbullies can easily access personal details and use them harmfully. Armed with this information, they
can carry out targeted campaigns to harassment individuals. For instance, a cyberbully could create a fake profile
that appears to be a friend and send messages that seem supportive, tricking victims into revealing personal
information or engaging in harmful behavior. Since cyberbullies seek power, vulnerable (易受攻击的) individuals,
especially children, will be the most severely affected. Much of online interaction is based on trust and mutual
respect. Identity manipulation technologies may erode this foundation gradually.
We need to address the vulnerability of our online communities. Social media platforms and users must
cooperate to establish methods for confirming and communicating authenticity. This could involve developing a
standardized system to authenticate user profiles, indicating their reliability and origins, or transitioning away from
text-based communication and towards video-based interactions—using platforms that can be linked to confirmed
identities.
Trust is hard to build but easy to destroy, and the challenge of maintaining a safe online environment is only
going to intensify.
32．What’s the author’s attitude towards our response to cyberbully?
A．Panicked.
B．Confused.
C．Embarrassed.
D．Disappointed.
33．What does the underlined word “erode” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Damage.
B．Strengthen.
C．Preserve.
D．Restore.
34．What can we infer from the text?
A．Honesty is the best policy.
B．Technologies can be double-edged.
C．There are more solutions than problems. D．Face to face communication is key to trust.
35．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．The Unknown Power behind Cyberbully B．How Cyberbully Is Affecting Technology
C．Where the Problem of Cyberbully Is Rooted
D．The Increasingly Severe Threat of Cyberbully
【答案】32．D 33．A 34．B 35．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了网络欺凌问题的严重性及其对在线互动的负面影响，指出随
着身份操纵和自动化技术的传播，网络欺凌将变得更加复杂和难以防范。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We are finally acknowledging the gravity of this issue by supporting and
developing a variety of initiatives, platforms, and strategies aimed at preventing cyberbullies from causing harm.
(我们终于认识到了这个问题的严重性，并开始支持和开发各种计划、平台和策略，以防止网络恶霸造成伤
害)”以及第二段中“Unfortunately, our efforts might be insufficient and too late.(不幸的是，我们的努力可能不
够，而且为时已晚)”可知，作者认为我们的努力可能不足且为时已晚，由此可推断出作者对我们的应对措
施感到失望。故选D 项。
33．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“Since cyberbullies seek power, vulnerable (易受攻击的) individuals,
especially children, will be the most severely affected. Much of online interaction is based on trust and mutual
respect.(由于网络恶霸寻求权力，脆弱的个体，尤其是儿童，将受到最严重的影响。许多在线互动都是基于
信任和相互尊重)”以及“Identity manipulation technologies may erode this foundation gradually.(身份操纵技
术可能会逐渐……这一基础)”可知，网络欺凌会影响在线互动的信任和相互尊重基础，而身份操纵技术会
进一步影响这种信任，由此可推知，此处指身份操纵技术可能会逐渐“破坏”这一基础，故erode 意为
“破坏”，与A 项“Damage”意思相近。故选A 项。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段中“This is due to the spreading of advanced identity manipulation (操纵) and
automation technologies that are becoming increasingly accessible.(这是由于先进的身份操纵和自动化技术的传
播，这些技术越来越容易获得)”以及第三段中“These advancements are likely to fuel our current struggles
with cyberbully.(这些进步可能会加剧我们目前与网络欺凌的斗争)”可知，技术既带来了便利，也加剧了网
络欺凌的问题，由此可推断出，技术可能具有两面性，是一把双刃剑。故选B 项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Despite the convenience brought by the social network, the
issue of cyberbully has become so widespread that many individuals now hesitate to engage in online interactions.
(尽管社交网络带来了便利，但网络欺凌问题已经变得如此普遍，以至于许多人现在对参与在线互动犹豫不
决)”以及第二段中“By the time these “solutions” become widely accessible, cyberbullies will have adopted more
complex strategies.(当这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，网络恶霸将采用更复杂的策略)”可知，文章主要讨
论了网络欺凌问题的日益严重性及其对在线互动的负面影响，故D 项“网络欺凌日益严重的威胁”适合作
为文章标题。故选D 项。
7.（2026·四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟高三上学期开学联考）Are you a logical thinker, or would you say
that you’re more free-spirited and artistic? If you’re the former, somebody’s probably told you at some point that
you’re a left-brained person, and if you’re the latter, right-brained. The idea that the right half of the brain is the
creative half and the left half is the analytical (分析的) half and that our individual characteristics are determined
by which half is dominant is widespread in popular psychology. However, this idea is a fiction.
Although we all obviously have different personalities and talents, there’s no reason to believe these
differences can be explained by the dominance of one half of the brain over the other half. Recent research using
brain imaging technology hasn’t found any evidence of hemispheric (脑半球的) dominance. Math, for example,
requires logical thought and, thus, is generally said to be connected with the left brain. But mathematics involves a
highly creative effort in addition to being a logical one. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained or a
left-brained person?
If there’s no evidence for the fiction of right-brained and left-brained people, why do so many people accept
it? Perhaps it just makes intuitive (直觉的) sense that people’s brains would be dominant on one side or the other
just as their hands, feet, or eyes are. It may also have something to do with our seemingly unlimited appetite that
allows us to sort ourselves (and our friends) into “types” based on our emotional and intellectual characteristics.
When people are offered general descriptive statements that are presented as individualized descriptions of
their own personalities, they tend to accept them as meaningful and true, especially if the statements are positive.
The “insights” they generate are both universal and congenial. After all, who would reject a description of
themselves as “artistic and creative” or “reasonable and analytical”? The fiction is popular, in the end, because it
gives us a “scientific” way to talk about our favorite subject — ourselves.
32．Which is a common belief about people’s individual characteristics?
A．A logical thinker is right-brained.
B．Our right brain and left brain work the same.
C．The right half of the brain is the analytical half.
D．The dominant half of brain determines one’s characteristics.
33．Why does the author mention mathematics in paragraph 2?
A．To show that math is a logical subject.
B．To argue that creativity is irrelevant in analytical thinking.
C．To prove that left-brained people are better at problem-solving.
D．To prove personality and talent differences aren’t due to hemispheric dominance.
34．Why do many people believe in the left-brain/ right-brain theory?
A．This theory is widespread and popular.
B．Scientific studies have confirmed its accuracy.
C．It provides a way for them to sort personalities.
D．Brain imaging technology has shown clear hemispheric differences.
35．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Why Left-Brained People Are Smarter?
B．The Science of Math: Left or Right Brain?
C．The Truth Behind Hemispheric Dominance
D．Ways to Develop Both Logical and Creative Thinking
【答案】32．D 33．D 34．C 35．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要驳斥了关于左脑型人和右脑型人这种流行观念，并解释了为什么人
们会相信这一观念。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The idea that the right half of the brain is the creative half and the left half
is the analytical (分析的) half and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is dominant is
widespread in popular psychology. (右脑是创造半球、左脑是分析半球，且我们的个人性格由占主导地位的
半球决定，这一观点在大众心理学中广泛流传。)”可知，关于个人性格的普遍看法是“大脑中占主导地位
的半球决定人的性格”。故选D 项。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Math, for example, requires logical thought and, thus, is generally said to
be connected with the left brain. But mathematics involves a highly creative effort in addition to being a logical
one. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained or a left-brained person? (例如，数学需要逻辑思维，因
此通常被认为与左脑有关。但数学除了是逻辑性的，还涉及高度的创造性努力。那么，一个有天赋的数学
家是右脑主导还是左脑主导呢？)”可知，作者提及数学是为了举例说明：数学既需左脑关联的逻辑思维，
也需右脑关联的创造性，从而证明性格和天赋差异并非由脑半球主导性决定。故选D 项。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It may also have something to do with our seemingly unlimited appetite
that allows us to sort ourselves (and our friends) into “types” based on our emotional and intellectual
characteristics. (这也可能与我们看似无限的“分类欲望”有关——我们希望根据自己（和朋友）的情感和
智力特征，将自己归入不同的“类型”。)”可知，人们相信左右脑理论，是因为它为人们提供了一种划分
性格类型的方式。故选C 项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“The idea that the right half of the brain is the creative half and
the left half is the analytical (分析的) half and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is
dominant is widespread in popular psychology. However, this idea is a fiction. (右脑是创造半球、左脑是分析半
球，且我们的个人性格由占主导地位的半球决定，这一观点在大众心理学中广泛流传。然而，这一观点是
虚构的。)”以及下文通过脑成像研究和数学案例，证明该观点无科学依据，并分析人们相信该观点的原因
可知，文章围绕“大脑半球主导性决定性格”这一观点展开，先指出其为虚构，再用研究证明无证据支持，
最后分析人们相信它的原因，核心是揭示该观点的真相，因此“脑半球主导性背后的真相”最能概括全文，
适合作为最佳标题。故选C 项。
1.（2026·重庆市实验外国语学校高三上学期9 月月考）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共
情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara
Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies
because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares
people from unnecessary hurt.
At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of
paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something
unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who
always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how
serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes
away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken.
Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation, Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman
who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother
responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients
that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look
great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the
white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to
avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,”
she adds.
Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and
when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance
between the two.
11．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg?
A．They are short-lived.
B．They are unidentifiable.
C．They are trouble-making.
D．They are common.
12．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in paragraph 2?
A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners.
B．We must respond to our family members truthfully.
C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent.
D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients.
13．Which of the following white lies may Dr. Breur support?
A．A student claims his homework was left at home.
B．An employee blames traffic jam for being late.
C．A Dad tells his son their lost pet is living happily on a farm.
D．A nurse says she has to work overtime so as to decline an invitation.
14．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best
B．Think Twice Before Telling White Lies
C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love D．Tell White Lies to Show Your Sympathy
【答案】11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过两位心理学家的观点，探讨善意的谎言的普遍性及其双重影响，最
终强调需根据情境权衡诚实与善意的平衡。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段中Barbara Greenberg 所说的话“Most people that I have come across tell these
little white lies (我遇到的大多数人都会说这些善意的小谎言)”可知，Barbara Greenberg 认为大多数人会说善
意的谎言，即它们具有普遍性。故选D 项。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you;
it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. (事实是，不说真话会让你不愉快；这不仅仅关乎被
告知善意谎言的人)”可知，善意的谎言可能会既伤害说谎者，也伤害听者。故选A 项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中Breur 博士所说的话“So when we look at the context of a mother saying you
look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of
the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to
avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity
(所以，当我们看到一位母亲清楚地看到她的女儿长胖了，她说你看起来很好，这是可以接受的。它反映了
善意的谎言的意图，即善意、保护和无条件的爱。否则，善意的谎言——尤其是为了逃避个人责任的谎言
——会引发人与人之间不信任的循环，最终损害诚信)”可知，Breur 博士认为善意的谎言是否可以接受取决
于其意图，“一位父亲告诉儿子，他们丢失的宠物在农场里快乐地生活着”是出于善意、保护和无条件的
爱，与母亲夸赞长胖女儿的动机一致，是Breur 博士会支持的善意的谎言。故选C 项。
14．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t
appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More
often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. (因此，重要的是要问问自己，什么时候说出诚实
的事实是合适的，什么时候不合适，什么时候最好退一步，给出一个更微妙的回应。通常情况下，你需要
在两者之间找到平衡)”可知，文章围绕善意的谎言展开，通过两位心理学家的观点，探讨善意的谎言的普
遍性及其双重影响，最终强调需根据情境权衡诚实与善意的平衡。因此，B 项“说善意的谎言前要三思”
最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B 项。
2.（2026·湖北省荆州市高三上学期开学起点考试）When you’re a child, making friends does not require
too much effort. Still, as much as I love children, I know that they can be very mean creatures. I know it first-hand,
and as the sister to an adolescent girl, I am reminded of it often.
But with shared routines and mostly innocent oblivion ( 遗忘), having the opportunity to make friends is
presented to us all the way through our formative years. And somewhere along the way, if we’re lucky, we can
make really good friends, who when we reach adulthood, start to feel like old friends.
From old friends we learn how much we grow. They’re the people who’ve usually witnessed everything
from our major accomplishments to our insignificant mistakes, to the moments we’re least proud of. They told us to
do better and sometimes they forced us to do better. And we know that if we’re happy with who we’ve become,
they played a role in that process.
There is a freedom that comes with old friends that newer friendships can sometimes fail to bring. There are
no impressions to be made with people who know you well. There are few filters ( 过滤) to send your thoughts
through as you engage in conversation. There is a great comfort that comes with knowing that a friend has loved
you for a long time, and continues to love you anyway.
With old friends there is often great laughter about the shared history of your pasts. And in your youth, pasts
are often filled with many playful instants but also careless choices. There is a serious recollection of the difficult
periods that you have been through. There is an understanding of how you came to be who you came to be.
With old friends, you realise true friendships are difficult to create and to hold onto. And the profound
gratitude that you have for having a friend long enough to call them an “old friend”, feels wonderful.
23．What does the author try to stress about children’s friendship?
A．Selfishness.
B．Innocence.
C．Complexity.
D．Meaninglessness.
24．How do “old friends” interact according to paragraph 4?
A．Communicate with natural ease.
B．Choose their topics with great care.
C．Attempt to maintain a positive image.
D．Joke about their past errors frequently.
25．Who best fits the author’s description of an “old friend”?
A．A family member cheering you up.
B．A teenager knowing your achievements.
C．A playmate sharing similar routines with you.
D．A fellow accompanying you through your growth.
26．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To propose building children’s friendship.
B．To emphasise the value of lifelong friendship.
C．To contrast childhood and adulthood friendship.
D．To analyse how to maintain significant friendship.
【答案】23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对比儿童交友的轻松与成年后老友的珍贵，强调了老友在见证成长、
提供无拘无束交流及深厚情感支持方面的独特价值。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When you’re a child, making friends does not require too much effort. Still, as
much as I love children, I know that they can be very mean creatures.(当你还是个孩子的时候，交朋友不需要太
多努力。尽管如此，尽管我很爱孩子，但我知道他们可能是非常刻薄的生物)”可推知，作者认为儿童交友
虽轻松但也可能复杂（因孩子可能刻薄）。故选C 项。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段中“There are no impressions to be made with people who know you well. There
are few filters (过滤) to send your thoughts through as you engage in conversation. (在和熟悉你的人相处时，你
不需要刻意给人留下印象。在交谈时，你的想法几乎不需要过滤)”可知，和老友相处时交流自然轻松。故
选A 项。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中“From old friends we learn how much we grow. They’re the people who’ve
usually witnessed everything from our major accomplishments to our insignificant mistakes, to the moments we’re
least proud of. (从老友让我们看清自己的成长轨迹。他们往往是那些见证过我们所有重要成就、微小过失以
及最不愿回首时刻的人)”可知，作者说老友见证了所有重要成就、微小过失以及最不愿回首时刻的人，所
以老友是陪伴你成长的人。故选D 项。
26．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第五段中“With old friends there is often great laughter about the shared
history of your pasts. And in your youth, pasts are often filled with many playful instants but also careless choices.
There is a serious recollection of the difficult periods that you have been through. There is an understanding of how
you came to be who you came to be.(与老友相聚时，常会因往事而开怀大笑。青春岁月里的过往，既充斥着
许多嬉戏的瞬间，也少不了轻率的选择。你们会认真追忆共同经历的艰难时光，也会真正理解彼此是如何
成长为今日的模样)”和根据最后一段中“With old friends, you realise true friendships are difficult to create and
to hold onto. And the profound gratitude that you have for having a friend long enough to call them an “old friend”,
feels wonderful. (有了老朋友，你会意识到真正的友谊是很难建立和维系的。你会对拥有一个足够长时间的
朋友而心怀深深的感激，称他们为“老朋友”，这种感觉真是太棒了)”以及全文内容可知，文章通过对比
儿童交友的轻松与成年后老友的珍贵，强调了老友在见证成长、提供无拘无束交流及深厚情感支持方面的
独特价值，即强调了终身友谊的价值。故选B 项。
3.（2026·陕西省宝鸡市某校高三上学期第一次质检）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy
understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara
Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies
because they understand that 100% honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people
from unnecessary hurt.
At the same time, Dr. Juli a Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of
paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something
unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who
always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how
serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes
away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken.
Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation,” Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a
woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother
responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize dung psychotherapy sessions with my patients
that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look
great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the
white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to
avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,
she adds.
Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and
when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance
between the two.
31．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg?
A．They are short-lived.
B．They are embarrassing.
C．They are trouble-making.
D．They are common in people’s life.
32．What does Dr. Breur want to tell us in Paragraph 2?
A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners.
B．We must respond to everyone we met truthfully.
C．Telling white lies is sometimes good for medical treatment.
D．The “all is good” response is perfect in dealing with patients.
33．What is Dr. Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in Paragraph 3?
A．Uncaring.
B．Critical.
C．Supportive.
D．Doubtful.
34．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best.
B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies.
C．No White Lies, No Kindness.
D．Believing in White Lies Makes Life Beautiful.
【答案】31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨善意谎言的作用、潜在危害及需结合情境把握使用尺度的观点。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they
understand that 100% honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from
unnecessary hurt. (康涅狄格州的临床心理学家芭芭拉·格林伯格说：“我遇到的大多数人都会说这些善意的
小谎言，因为他们明白一直保持100%的诚实并没有好处”。她解释说，善意的谎言能让人们避免不必要
的伤害。”)”可知，芭芭拉·格林伯格提到“大多数人都会说善意的小谎言”，由此可推断善意谎言在人们
的生活中很常见。故选D 项。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in
Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not
telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told
to. (与此同时，佛罗里达州的婚姻和家庭治疗师Julia Breur 博士强调了关注我们回应他人的重要性。事实是，
不说实话会让你感到不愉快；不仅仅是谎言的对象感到不愉快。)”可知，善意的谎言给说谎者和听者都会
带来伤害。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she
clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which
is kindness, protection and unconditional love. (布鲁尔博士说：“我在心理治疗过程中向病人强调，情境有助
于定义意义。因此，当我们结合情境来看，母亲明明看到女儿体重增加了，却还说她看起来很棒，这是可
以接受的。这体现了善意谎言的初衷——善意、保护和无条件的爱”)”可知，布鲁尔博士认为这位母亲的
做法是可以接受的，态度是支持的。故选C 项。
34．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中的“Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and
isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response.
More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. (因此，重要的是要问问自己，什么时候说实
话是合适的，什么时候不合适，什么时候最好退一步，做出更微妙的回应。通常情况下，这是关于在两者
之间找到平衡。)”可知，本文主要讲了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言
往往取决于具体情况。因此，在说善意的谎言之前要三思。B 项“Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies
(说谎之前三思)”最能概括本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选B 项。
4.（2026·湖北省湖北省部分市州高三上学期9 月调研一模）In the digital era, where social media floods
with ceaseless sharing, 26-year-old illustrator Lina from Hangzhou stands as a striking example. She regularly
posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private
conversations. “I love sharing fragments ( 碎片) of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels
emotionally exhausting”, she admits. Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth: light
socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over intensive emotional bonds in the virtual world.
Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed
into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation. Instead of seeking active interactions, they share
content like scenic photos or daily routines, with little expectation of feedback. Actions such as casually
unfollowing, blocking strangers or using 24-hour disappearing posts show their wish to avoid burdensome
“emotional labor” from shallow virtual ties. This shift comes from their desire to escape overwhelming pressure
from empty digital interactions.
While critics dismiss light socializing as a sign of “emotional coldness”, it actually reflects a thoughtful
adaptation. Psychologist Lu Chen argues that by embracing this approach, young people regain control over their
online space — sharing freely without the anxiety of meeting others’ expectations. Even social platforms have
evolved to meet this need: many now offer “silent modes”, such as hidden interaction records and one-way posting
features, acknowledging the widespread acceptance of light socializing.
In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-
expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more
autonomous online engagement. This trend shows the younger generation’s maturity in safeguarding their mental
well-being, representing a forward-looking and thoughtful approach to modern social interactions.
35．What does Lina do on social media?
A．She only posts artworks.
B．She shares life but skips deep chats.
C．She never replies to comments.
D．She focuses on building deep online bonds.
36．According to Min Li, what has social media become for young people now?
A．A center for deep relationships.
B．A platform for personal display.
C．A tool to seek frequent interactions.
D．A space to reduce pressure by virtual ties.
37．What can we infer about “light socializing”?
A．It encourages safe online engagement.
B．It makes young people emotionally cold.
C．It relies mainly on platforms’ silent modes.
D．It abandons social bonds to protect mental health.
38．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Keep Silent Mode On
B．Keep the Digital Distance
C．Social Media: “Self-showcase” Platform
D．Emotional Coldness: Online Life’s Secret
【答案】35．B 36．B 37．A 38．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章以26 岁的杭州插画师Lina 为例，阐述了在数字时代，年轻人在社交媒体
上呈现出“轻社交”的趋势，即注重自我表达而非深度情感联系，这种趋势反映了年轻人对心理健康的守
护，是一种有前瞻性和深思熟虑的现代社交互动方式。
35．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom
replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building
deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits.(她经常在Instagram 上发布艺术作品
和旅行照片，但很少回复评论或参与私人对话。“我喜欢分享我生活中的片段，但与陌生人建立深厚的联
系在情感上让人筋疲力尽，”她承认)”可知，Lina 在社交媒体上分享生活，但避免深度聊天。故选B 项。
36．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for
developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation(社会学家李敏观
察到，社交媒体曾经是发展关系的中心，现在已经变成了年轻一代的“自我展示”平台)”可知，根据李敏
的说法，社交媒体现在已经成为年轻人个人展示的平台。故选B 项。
37．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a
delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit
of healthier, more autonomous online engagement.(在一个被数字联系紧密束缚的世界里，轻社交在自我表达
和隐私保护之间取得了微妙的平衡。这不是对社会关系的拒绝，而是对更健康、更自主的在线参与的明智
追求)”可知，轻社交不是对社会关系的拒绝，而是对更健康、更自主的在线参与的明智追求。由此推知，
“轻社交”鼓励安全的在线参与。故选A 项。
38．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom
replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building
deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits.(她经常在Instagram 上发布艺术作品
和旅行照片，但很少回复评论或参与私人对话。“我喜欢分享我生活中的片段，但与陌生人建立深厚的联
系在情感上让人筋疲力尽，”她承认)”、第二段“Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub
(中心) for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation(社会
学家李敏观察到，社交媒体曾经是发展关系的中心，现在已经变成了年轻一代的“自我展示”平台)”、以
及最后一段“In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between
self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more
autonomous online engagement(在一个被数字联系紧密束缚的世界里，轻社交在自我表达和隐私保护之间取
得了微妙的平衡。这不是对社会关系的拒绝，而是对更健康、更自主的在线参与的明智追求)”可知，本文
主要讨论了年轻人在社交媒体上选择“轻社交”的方式，在数字连接紧密的世界中，保持一定的数字距离，
以平衡自我表达和隐私保护，所以B 项“Keep the Digital Distance(保持数字距离)”适合作本文最佳标题。
故选B 项。
5.（2026·江苏省高淳高级中学月考）At one time, our growing population was seen as central to wildlife
extinction, resource exhaustion, pollution and environmental destruction. But today, our concerns shift to declining
birth rates due to increased reproductive choice for women.
This is a positive development, but is often described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting economic and
senior care challenges. Lost in the conversation are the many positive aspects of an aging society, which is the
result of people living healthier and longer lives, and common-sense realities like reduced needs for infrastructure
(基础设施) and lower ecological impacts. Also lost is the fact that our population still grows by 80 million people
every year.
And the consequences of high birth rates are severe. Among them is global warming. In fact, increased
emissions (排放) from population growth have canceled more than three quarters of the emissions saved through
energy efficiency and renewables over the past three decades.
Yet, no matter how well documented the link between population and climate, lowering our population is
notably absent from the conversation on solutions. Instead, the focus is on technology that will supposedly allow
our entire growing population to enjoy the energy-intensive lifestyles now enjoyed by the rich, and with no climate
impacts.
But “green” technology is not the solution it is advertised to be. Its expansion to the degree needed to power
a growing population at a decent standard of living would itself require a shocking investment in fossil ( 化石)
fuels. It also requires massive mining operations, many of which take place on the backs of low-wage workers in
Africa where it is driving destruction of rainforests critical to the survival of great apes. Besides, it requires 10
times the land area as fossil fuel plants for the same amount of energy generated.
When global warming threatens to push billions into unsafe temperatures, it is no time to panic that we are
adding fewer to those billions. In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they signify advances
in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth.
42．How much of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables has been canceled by the growth?
A．Less than half B．About two-thirds
C．More than three quarters D．Nearly 90 percent
43．Why does the author believe declining birth rates should be celebrated?
A．They immediately reduce carbon emissions
B．They reflect gender equality progress and reduce Earth’s burden
C．They solve pension system challenges completely
D．They make green technology investments unnecessary
44．The author mentions “mining operations in Africa” primarily to: ________.
A．Highlight the global cooperation needed for green technology
B．Expose the hidden environmental costs of renewable energy expansion
C．Advocate for better working conditions in developing countries
D．Compare energy production methods between continents
45．The author’s attitude toward “green technology” as a solution can best be described as:
A．Strongly supportive
B．Completely neutral C．Skeptical and critical D．Cautiously
optimistic
【答案】42．C 43．B 44．B 45．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕人口增长、出生率下降以及“绿色技术”等话题展开讨论，核心观
点是出生率下降是积极趋势，不应被视为危机，同时对“绿色技术”能否解决人口增长带来的环境等问题
持怀疑批判态度。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In fact, increased emissions from population growth have canceled more
than three quarters of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables over the past three decades.
(事实上，在过去三十年里，人口增长带来的额外排放，已经抵消了通过提高能效和使用可再生能源所节省
的超过四分之三的排放。)”可知，被抵消的排放量占比超过四分之三，故选C。
43．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they
signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth. (事实上，出生率下降值得庆祝，因为这标
志着性别平等的进步，也减轻了地球的负担。)”可知作者认为庆祝出生率下降的原因是它们反映了性别平
等的进步，减轻了地球的负担，故选B。
44．推理判断题。文章第五段的核心观点是“But ‘green’ technology is not the solution it is advertised to be.
(但是绿色技术并非宣传的那样是解决方案。)”随后通过三个维度论证该观点：①需要大量化石燃料投资；
②需要大规模采矿作业 (非洲的采矿作业是具体例证，且提到其“破坏对类人猿生存至关重要的雨林 )；
③需要比化石燃料电厂多10 倍的土地。由此可见，作者提到“非洲的采矿作业”，是为了具体说明绿色技
术扩张背后隐藏的环境成本，故选B。
45．推理判断题。文章第五段开篇即明确否定绿色技术的宣传效果：“But ‘green’ technology is not the
solution it is advertised to be. (但是绿色技术并非宣传的那样是解决方案。)”随后通过“需要化石燃料投资”
“破坏雨林”“占用更多土地”三个具体问题，进一步批判绿色技术的局限性。表明作者对绿色技术作为
解决方案的态度是怀疑的且批判的，故选C。
6.When I was a teenager, my parents were never interested in the music I liked. They said it sounded like "a
lot of noise". At the same time, my father regularly described the music that he liked as "beautiful".
As it turns out, my father is not alone. As I’ve grown older, I’ve often heard people my age say, "Today’s
music is terrible." Why do many old people just dislike new music?
The mere exposure effect may explain this. It means the more familiar we are with something, the more
likely we are to prefer it. When we are in our early teens, we usually spend a lot of time listening to music and
discussing it with our friends. The songs and artists that are popular during this time become familiar to us. After
we turn 30 years old, working and raising a family take up most of our time. Instead of discovering new music, we
listen to old favorites that connect us to a simpler time. Studies show that by the time they turn 33 years old, most
people have completely stopped exploring new music.
But I think there is another explanation for why older people don’t like new music. Most popular music, after
all, is not written for them. It is made for young people. Punk, rap, hip-hop, heavy metal, and many other types of
music began as youthful rebellions (叛逆) against out-of-date ways of doing things. They naturally attract younger
audiences.
Do your parents hate the music you like, too? Now, after reading this article, you know that there is nothing
wrong with that.
Choose the best answer.
50．When the author was a teenager, his parents described the music he liked as “_________”.
A．beautiful
B．noisy
C．ordinary
D．out-of-date
51．As the author grows older, he realizes that_________.
A．only his father dislikes new music.
B．many old people dislike new music.
C．many young people also dislike new music.
D．today’s music has become worse and worse.
52．Which of the following charts correctly shows the mere exposure effect?
A．
B．
C．
D．
53．According to the article, what happens to most people’s music exploration habits by the age of 33?
A．They start exploring different music styles more widely.
B．They usually stop discovering new music.
C．They prefer listening to music from other cultures.
D．They frequently go to live concerts to find new music.
54．According to the article, why do modern music such as punk, rap, and heavy metal typically attract younger
people rather than older ones?
A．Young people usually have an open attitude towards new things and older individuals tend to be more
traditional.
B．These music styles often involve technical innovations, which younger people are more adaptable to.
C．These music styles started as young people’s way of challenging old rules, making them more appealing to
the youth.
D．Young people can hear high sounds better, and these music styles have a lot of high sounds.
【答案】50．B 51．B 52．A 53．B 54．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨老年人不喜欢新音乐的原因，包括“单纯曝光效应”及新音乐多为
年轻人创作的特点。
50．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I was a teenager, my parents were never interested in the music I
liked. They said it sounded like 'a lot of noise'. (在我十几岁的时候，父母对我喜欢的音乐毫无兴趣。他们说那
听起来“像一堆噪音”。)可知，作者青少年时期，父母认为他喜欢的音乐“吵闹”。故选B 项。
51．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As I’ve grown older, I’ve often heard people my age say, 'Today’s music is
terrible.' Why do many old people just dislike new music? (随着年龄增长，我经常听到同龄人说：“现在的音
乐太糟糕了。”为什么很多老年人就是不喜欢新音乐呢？)可知，作者长大后意识到“很多老年人不喜欢新
音乐”。故选B 项。
52．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The mere exposure effect may explain this. It means the more familiar we
are with something, the more likely we are to prefer it. (“单纯曝光效应”或许能解释这一点。它指的是我们对
某事物越熟悉，就越有可能喜欢上它。)可知，“单纯曝光效应”的核心是“熟悉度”与“偏好度”呈正相
关——熟悉度越高，偏好度越高。符合这一正相关关系的图表为A 选项（若选项A 为“熟悉度上升，偏好
度随之上升”的曲线/柱状图）。故选A 项。
53．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Studies show that by the time they turn 33 years old, most people have
completely stopped exploring new music. (研究表明，大多数人到33 岁时，就完全停止探索新音乐了。)可知，
多数人到33 岁时“通常停止发现新音乐”。故选B 项。
54．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Punk, rap, hip-hop, heavy metal, and many other types of music began as
youthful rebellions (叛逆) against out-of-date ways of doing things. They naturally attract younger audiences. (朋
克、说唱、嘻哈、重金属等多种音乐类型，最初都是年轻人对过时做法的叛逆表现。它们自然会吸引年轻
听众。)”可知，这类音乐吸引年轻人是因为“它们起源于年轻人对旧规则的挑战，对年轻人更有吸引力”。
故选C 项。
7.（2026·湖北省武汉市部分高中高三上学期九月调研）Quick: what’s your best friend’s phone number?
Don’t feel bad if you couldn’t answer off the top of your head. You have no reason to commit phone numbers to
memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object
does the remembering for you.
“Prosthetic memory” (人工记忆) is nothing new. Writing itself has been a means of storing information. Yet
the information revolution has generated more data than ever before. We are flooded with information. We’re
creating more of it, and keeping more of it, The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No
wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones.
Not everyone thinks this trend in external memory is good. Historically, memory prostheses were expensive.
As technologies such as printing and photography become more affordable, sharing experiences with others is
easier than ever. So every breakfast, every sunset, every encounter with a cat finds its way on to social media. And
here comes the worry. When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something
immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them. We put
something between ourselves and the world-a camera-instead of just being in the moment, and so disconnect
ourselves from experience.
But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like
this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about
what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old. That’s just a short
blink (眨眼)in human history, yet it has totally changed how we live. I suspect we’re not far off from being directly
faced with experience yet with the ability to share experience in ways less bounded by geography and time. After
all, technology can do what our fragile meat-computers can’t: protect all the moments of a life that would otherwise
be lost.
1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1?
A．We rely more on tools to memorize.
B．We are burdened with phone numbers.
C．Technology weakens our brains.
D．Technology distances us from our friends.
2．What does the underlined word “eclipsed” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Improved.
B．Outperformed.
C．Restricted.
D．Undervalued.
3．What negative effect does online sharing bring about?
A．An overflow of posts.
B．High cost of digital devices.
C．Addiction to the virtual world.
D．Disregard for authentic experience.
4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?
A．Have faith in human brains.
B．Take time to adapt to digital age.
C．Quicken the pace of development.
D．Make efforts to enhance memory.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍人们依赖手机等人工记忆工具，有人担忧社交媒体分享让人们忽视真
实生活，但作者认为无需全盘否定，科技也能留存珍贵时刻。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in
your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering
for you.(你没有理由把电话号码记在记忆里：它就在你的手机里。或者你曾经有一个电话簿来存储它们。
在任何一种情况下，一个物体为你做记忆)”推知，我们更多地依赖工具进行记忆。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder,
then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones.(人类大脑的存储能
力从此eclipsed。因此，从图书馆到智能手机，我们越来越依赖人工记忆也就不足为奇了)”可知，我们越来
越依靠人工记忆，其原因是我们大脑的储存能力已经被超越。由此猜测，划线词意为“超越”，与
outperformed 同义。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way,
something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them.
(当我们致力于以这种方式捕捉和分享世界时，我们失去了一些极其宝贵的东西；当我们记录了这么多我们
的生活，我们忘记了真正的生活)”可知，网上分享带来的负面影响是对真实体验的忽视。故选D。
4．推理判断题题。根据最后一段中“But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still
creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do
these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than
a decade old. (但这场由社交媒体推动的变革就完全是坏事吗？如果我们如今仍在以这种方式创造和分享回
忆，或许是因为我们还没有足够的时间，去学会自然而然地做这些事。很容易忽略的一点是，大规模社交
媒体时代至今还不到十年)”可知，大规模社交媒体时代时间不算太久，且人们还没有做到自然而然地去创
造和分享回忆。由此推知，作者建议人们花时间去适应数字时代。故选B。
8.（2026·云南省昆明市第十二中学教育集团高三上学期开学检测）Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-
old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside
to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so
disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her
comments seemed prescient (预见未来的). Now I find them timely.
This girl had grown up in a time when conversational machines were presented as empathy devices that
could understand her. And so it seemed natural to her that other machines would expand the range of conversation.
But there is something she may have been too young to understand or like a lot of us, tend to forget when we talk to
machines. These robots can perform empathy in a conversation about your friend, your mother, or your child, but
they have no experience of any of these relationships. Their conversations about life occupy the realm of the as-if.
In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie
that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to
criticize empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects
with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient. Children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate
too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties.
Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or
Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement
to artificial intimacy (亲密).
And yet that is the kind of talk that one hears these days. The narrative begins with the idea that
compassionate robots would be “better than nothing”, better because there aren’t enough people to teach, love, and
tend to people. But that idea quickly shifts into another: robots would be better than almost anything. Unlike
people, they would not abandon you or get sick and die. They might not be capable of love, but they won’t break
your heart.
From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it
means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we
even think of putting one in place. To build the robots, we must first rebuild ourselves as people ready to be their
companions.
Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely empathetic. Ourselves—to remember why it
matters, to remember what we cherish. These days, to be human is to keep one’s mind on the glory that one is.
1．Why does the author mention the 16-year-old girl?
A．To uncover a problem.
B．To evaluate a comment.
C．To provide an example.
D．To introduce a topic.
2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A．Technology unexpectedly advances empathy studies.
B．Psychologists accidentally ignore the needs of children.
C．The criticism of empathy is scientifically valid but poorly timed.
D．The tech industries may benefit from the timing of psychological cycles.
3．Which of the following statements might the author agree with?
A．Technological progress clarifies human values through challenges.
B．Artificial intimacy reflects technological progress yet threatens empathy.
C．Future technologies like AI companions require stricter moral regulations.
D．Technology’s medical benefits justify its application in emotional domains.
4．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Empathy at Risk: Psychology’s New Frontier
B．Faking Intimacy: When Machines Decrease Our Humanity
C．Why Humans Prefer Robots: An Analysis of Social Failure
D．The Rise of Robot Companions: A Technological Revolution
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们与机器人建立关系时，机器人表现出的看似亲密但实际是
虚假的共情，这种虚假的亲密关系会让人们逐渐忘记作为人类的意义，减少人性。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having
a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined
was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she
explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的). Now I
find them timely. (几年前，我和一个16 岁的女孩聊天，她正在考虑将来有一个电脑伴侣的想法，她向我描
述了它的好处。这并不是说她想象中的机器人有多么鼓舞人心。而是她已经发现人们是如此令人失望。现
在，她向我解释说，人们第一次有了选择。当时我觉得她的评论似乎很有先见之明。现在我发现它们是及
时的)”可知，作者在文章开头提到这个16 岁的女孩，描述她成长在对话机器被视为能理解她的共情设备的
时代，以及她对机器扩展对话范围的自然看法，从而引出全文的核心议题 —— 人类与人工智能伴侣的关
系，以及这种关系对人性（尤其是同理心）的潜在影响所。以作者提到这个女孩主要是为了引出话题。故
选D 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to
develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for
psychologists to critique empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting
relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient: children will lose the ability to
have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties.(在这些机器的制造和营
销过程中，我们鼓励孩子们建立一种情感联系，这种联系很可能会导致一种缺乏共情的僵化状态。此外，
心理学家们也开始批评共情这种独特的人类连接方式，而恰恰在这个时候，我们却开始与那些无法形成共
情关系的物体建立联系。这种巧合实在是太巧了。如果孩子们总是与那些无法建立共情关系的物体保持紧
密联系，他们就会丧失与他人共情的能力)”可知，第三段指出，在人们开始与无共情能力的机器建立关系
时，心理学家恰好开始批评人类独特的共情能力。这种“巧合”使得人们更容易接受机器，间接利于科技
行业推广相关产品，因此“科技行业可能从心理周期的时机中获益”。故选D 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use
technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move
from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy (亲密). (科技促使我们审视人类的价值。我们可以尝试
用技术来治疗帕金森氏症或阿尔茨海默氏症，这将是一种祝福，但这种祝福并不是从人工增强大脑转向人
工亲密的理由)”以及第六段中“From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our
voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion
in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place. (从聊胜于无到无与伦比。这些都是我们在逐渐遗
忘“人之为人的意义”这趟旅程中的站点。但这种遗忘早在我们拥有机器人伴侣之前就已开始；它始于我
们甚至萌生“要拥有一个机器人伴侣”这个念头的那一刻)”可知，文章提到我们可以利用技术治疗帕金森
或老年痴呆症，这是好事；但会让人们逐渐忘记共情，因此人工亲密感反映了技术进步但威胁到了共情。
故选B 项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是最后一段“Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely
empathetic. Ourselves—to remember why it matters, to remember what we cherish. These days, to be human is to
keep one’s mind on the glory that one is.(如今作为人类，就是要努力保持真正的同理心。要铭记其重要性，
铭记我们所珍视的东西。如今，作为人类，就是要时刻铭记自己所拥有的美好)”可知，文章主要讨论了人
们与机器人建立关系时，机器人表现出的看似亲密但实际是虚假的共情，这种虚假的亲密关系会让人们逐
渐忘记作为人类的意义，减少人性。所以B 选项“假装亲密：当机器减少我们的人性时”是最佳标题。故
选B 项。
9.（2026·广东省四会市华侨中学高三上学期第二次月考）So long as teachers fail to distinguish between
teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for
themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in
activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do
the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of
teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most
efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost
all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the
child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning
to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill
them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made
easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of
learning to read by reading.
1．The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ________.
A．too much time is spent in teaching about reading
B．students spend endless hours in reading
C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D．it is one of the most difficult school courses
2．The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.
A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
C．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable
3．The underlined word “scrutiny” most probably means “________”.
A．inquiry
B．control
C．observation
D．suspicion
4．According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________.
A．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
B．children become highly motivated
C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D．reading enriches children’s experience
5．The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A．teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C．reading is more complicated than generally believed
D．reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了阅读是自学获得的能力，而非教师直接教授的过程。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading.(这当然不是
花在阅读活动上的无尽时间)”可知，阅读课程的问题在于花了太多时间在教学阅读上。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will
make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read.(教学的功能是创
造条件和氛围，使儿童能够设计出最有效的自学阅读系统)”可知，如果老师能够创造条件让学生发展自己
的阅读方式，那么阅读教学就可以成功。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the
world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is
not open to public scrutiny.(学习阅读涉及到每个人为了理解印刷语言的世界所做的一切。几乎所有这些都是
私人的，因为学习是一种脑力劳动，而且这个过程不公开接受公众的scrutiny)”可知，学习阅读是个人脑力
劳动的过程，这个过程是不公开的，因此推断划线词与observation“观察”意思相近，即学习阅读的过程不
受公众观察。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where
children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.(当教师创造一个环境，让
孩子们有机会通过阅读来解决学习阅读的问题时，学习阅读就变得更容易了)”可知，当孩子们对学习阅读
有很高的积极性时，学习阅读就不再是一件困难的任务。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop
trying to do the impossible”.(道格拉斯坚持认为“阅读不能直接教授，学校应该停止尝试做不可能的事
情”)”以及第二段中“The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it
possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read.(教学的功能是创造条件
和氛围，使儿童能够设计出最有效的自学阅读系统)”以及最后一段中“Learning to read is made easier when
teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by
reading.(当教师创造一个环境，让孩子们有机会通过阅读来解决学习阅读的问题时，学习阅读就变得更容
易了)”可知，本文主要论述了阅读是自学获得的能力，而不是教师直接教授的，阅读的能力是获得的，而
不是被教授的。故选D。
10.（2026·四川省广安中学高三上学期“零诊”模拟）Before 2022, there was barely a whisper about it.
Now the concept of “food noise” seems to be everywhere on social media: a quick TikTok search, for instance,
finds that videos related to “food noise explained” attracted 1.8 billion views as of this summer. Coined to name the
experience of thinking about food, longing for food, planning our next meal and so on, “food noise” describes some
of the most basic human drives: hunger, appetite, longing. But now these are being seen as problems, rather than
features. We should resist this definition.
To call something noise is to go beyond describing it: It’s to prove the normative claim that simply loving
food, letting food occupy our thoughts and responding to our hunger is suspect. It isn’t.
The pleasure we take from food is an important human good. Food connects us to ourselves, and with each
other, and there is real harm in teaching people to view the pleasure they take from such fare as a problem. Famed
English food writer Nigell Lawson earlier this year wrote in a post that she “couldn’t bear to live without food
noise”. One commenter responded in agreement “I believe it is called ‘food music’”
Some people who identify with the term “food noise” experience genuinely intense food thoughts, as well as
engaging in harmful behaviors such as bingeing (大吃大喝), But according to experts, these problems are often
rooted in restriction. In other words, food noise is what may happen when you’re not eating enough to satisfy your
appetite, often under the pressures of diet culture, by normalizing restrictive eating.
And for any of us, the joy and pleasure and comfort of food should not be discounted. We need to eat to live,
of course, but it goes beyond that; to live to eat has long given many of us meaning and community as well as
sustenance. Food noise should not be treated as a problem. Rather, we might call it “food music”, and dance to it.
1．What attitude does “food noise” show towards food?
A．Negative.
B．Positive.
C．Neutral.
D．Indifferent.
2．Which of the following statements will the commenter agree with?
A．The desire for food is annoying.
B．People have lost interest in food.
C．Dinner with music can increase appetite.D．A good appetite doesn’t bring about guilt.
3．What does the diet culture mean in Paragraph 4?
A．People should have healthy diets.
B．People should limit their food intake.
C．People should normalize their eating habits.
D．People should avoid harmful bingeing.
4．What does the author think of food noise?
A．It may contribute to building communities.
B．It can help us handle food problems.
C．It should be accepted with joy.
D．It hardly gives meaning to our lives.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了food noise 这个概念的含义，对这个概念不同的见解，以及作者
自己对此的理解。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But now these are being seen as problems, rather than features. (但现在这些被
视为问题，而不是特征)”及第二段中“To call something noise is to go beyond describing it: It’s to prove the
normative claim that simply loving food, letting food occupy our thoughts and responding to our hunger is suspect.
(将某物称为“噪音”，其意义远超描述本身：这是在证明一种规范性主张，即单纯热爱食物、让食物占据
思绪以及回应饥饿感，都是值得怀疑的)”可推知，“食物噪音”把对食物的喜爱、对食物的思考等看作是
问题而不是特点，这种对食物的看法是负面的。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Famed English food writer Nigell Lawson earlier this year wrote in a post that
she “couldn’t bear to live without food noise”. One commenter responded in agreement “I believe it is called ‘food
music’.”(英国著名美食作家Nigell Lawson 今年早些时候在一篇帖子中写道，她“无法忍受没有‘食物噪
音’的生活”。一位评论者对此表示赞同：“我认为这应该被称为‘食物音乐’。”)”可知，评论者赞同
Nigell Lawson 的想法，认为生活离不开“食物噪音”，表达了对食物的热爱，对食欲的支持，不应该把这
种对食物的渴望看作是问题。D 选项“A good appetite doesn’t bring about guilt.(好的食欲不会带来内疚)”符
合评论者的观点。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In other words, food noise is what may happen when you’re not eating enough
to satisfy your appetite, often under the pressures of diet culture, by normalizing restrictive eating.(换句话说，食
物噪音是指在饮食文化压力之下，由于将限制性饮食视为正常，而导致摄入的食物不足以满足食欲时可能
出现的情况)”可知，饮食文化导致的问题是人们没有吃足够的食物来满足食欲，也就是限制了食物的摄入。
故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And for any of us, the joy and pleasure and comfort of food should not be
discounted. We need to eat to live, of course, but it goes beyond that; to live to eat has long given many of us
meaning and community as well as sustenance. Food noise should not be treated as a problem. Rather, we might
call it “food music”, and dance to it.(对我们每个人而言，食物带来的愉悦、快乐与慰藉都不应被忽视。当然，
我们需要通过进食来维持生命，但这远不止于此；长久以来，为食而活不仅给予我们生存所需，还赋予了
生活意义与归属感。“食物噪音”不应被视作一个问题。相反，我们或许可以称之为“食物音乐”，并随
之起舞)”可知，作者认为食物带来的快乐和舒适不应该被忽视，反对将“食物噪音”视为问题，主张将其
视为“食物音乐”并愉快地接受它。故选C。
11.（2025·福建省福州市鼓楼区福州第一中学高三开学）Look! A polar bear is lying lifeless on a beach.
On the shore, in the background, stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a weapon hanging
casually on his shoulder. This powerful image has thrown into question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or
ecotourism. Does our proximity (接近) to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire for sensational
images, lead to such animals becoming accustomed to human contact? If that is the case, surely the losing side will
end up paying the ultimate price for such proximity.
To my sorrow, I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very
beach where the bear was shot. The bear’s death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from the
ship offshore beforehand? Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly? These are
standard measures for any respected operator. The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure.
Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. In its best form, this kind of travel has
very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place. This can be by making
financial donations to conservation groups, providing income to local communities, or ensuring protection of
certain areas or animals. In Svalbard, visitors become ambassadors for the endangered polar bear, increasing
awareness of the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.
Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to the regions around the world
in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer.
1．Why did the polar bear die?
A．It was probably hunted for its fur.
B．It was accidentally killed by flares.
C．Standard safety procedures were not followed.
D．The beach lacked safety devices.
2．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．Positive ecotourism.
B．Financial donations.
C．Rising awareness about danger.
D．Creation of jobs for locals.
3．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggest?
A．The guards failed to prevent problems.
B．Better methods for conducting ecotourism are needed.
C．Ecotourism clearly benefits the environment.
D．Safety measures are weak.
4．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To cause readers to focus on polar bears.
B．To encourage readers to reflect on ecotourism.
C．To stress side effects that ecotourism has caused.
D．To analyze why the polar bear was killed.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，通过一只北极熊在海滩上死亡的事件，引发对生态旅游动机的质疑，探讨了
生态旅游的利弊及正确发展方向。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Was the beach examined from the ship offshore beforehand? Was there access to
flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly? These are standard measures for any respected operator.
The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure. (事先是否从离岸的船上检查过海滩？是否有照
明弹可以吓跑突然出现的熊？这些是任何受尊重的运营商的标准措施。这一事件可能是一次严重的系统性
故障的结果。)”可知，北极熊的死亡可能是因为没有遵循标准的安全程序。故选C 项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. In its best
form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes
place. (然而，这一事件不应否定生态旅游的价值。在其最佳形式下，这种旅行对其发生的环境几乎没有影
响，或者实际上有积极影响。)”可知，该段主要讲述了积极的生态旅游及其带来的正面影响。故选A 项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to
the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer. (生态旅游是
一个不断扩大的市场，它给其运营的世界各地的地区带来了好处，也带来了挑战。简单地关闭这些地区并
不是解决办法。)”可知，生态旅游既有利也有挑战，不能简单关闭相关地区，言外之意是需要更好的方法
来开展生态旅游。故选B 项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Look! A polar bear is lying lifeless on a beach. On the shore, in the background,
stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a weapon hanging casually on his shoulder. This
powerful image has thrown into question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or ecotourism. (看！一只北极熊
毫无生气地躺在海滩上。背景中的岸边站着三名守卫，他们正在交谈。其中一人的武器随意地挂在肩上。
这张冲击力极强的图片让人对这类旅游——即生态旅游的动机产生了质疑。)”以及结合全文内容可知，文
章开篇通过北极熊死亡的画面引发对生态旅游动机的质疑，接着分析了事件原因，又阐述了生态旅游的价
值，最后指出生态旅游需要正确的发展方式。整体是为了促使读者对生态旅游进行反思。故选B 项。
12.（2026·河南省高三上学期9 月联考）Until a few weeks ago, I relied on restaurant hygiene (卫生)
ratings. The score ranges from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates urgent improvement is required. Yet, the BBC revealed
some businesses misrepresent their hygiene scores, posting a 5 when their ratings are as low as 0. The signal of
hygiene I relied on wasn’t always reliable.
This incident represents something older: Deception (欺骗) through misrepresentation gradually weakens
trust. As with any social behavior, when ill behaviors are successful, they tend to spread, because people copy
behaviors associated with success. Over time, this may harm the shared signals on which society depends.
Research in biology and sociology highlights how. Animals signal information to others about themselves,
but some animals cheat. Cuckoo chicks, for instance, model after the sound of the young of other birds to trick
adult birds into feeding them. Among humans, technological improvements allow us to misrepresent our intentions
and identities in many ways. This can include pretending who we are in digital interactions by stealing from people
online without ever meeting them. We share a lot of qualities with cuckoos: Anyone can be anyone in the digital
age.
Luckily for us, we have found ways to solve problems with trust throughout our history. We learn to
recognize patterns of behavior indicative of deception, and just as the tricks for deception spread, so do the methods
for detecting it, whether those involve passwords, face or voice recognition, or any of the new technologies being
developed. We have accordingly established laws that fine or punish lawbreakers or wrongdoers.
What matters for maintaining trust is the reliability of the signals we use in communication. What we need is
a mechanism for determining reliability: Whether people or places can be trusted to do what we expect of them.
This is done both through effective policing and through educating ourselves about how to avoid unreliable people,
places and things. If I can trust that hygiene ratings are reliable, then I can use the score as a signal to drive my
behavior.
1．What does the underlined phrase “the shared signals” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Social reforms.
B．Agreed beliefs.
C．Copied behaviors.
D．Accurate representations.
2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning cuckoo chicks?
A．To illustrate a deception in nature.
B．To put biological research into use.
C．To give an example of animals’ feeding.
D．To compare the behaviors of different birds.
3．Why do we need a system according to paragraph 5?
A．To educate the public.
B．To drive people’s action.
C．To conduct effective policing.
D．To guarantee trustworthiness.
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．The Wearing Away of Trust
B．What Technologies Rid Us of
C．The Cruel Fact of the Hygiene
D．Where the Missing Signal Escapes
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了通过误导来产生的欺骗可能产生信任危机，并提出了一些切
实有效的方式。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The signal of hygiene I relied on wasn’t always reliable.(我所依赖的卫生信号
并不总是可靠的)”和第二段“This incident represents something older: Deception (欺骗) through
misrepresentation gradually weakens trust. As with any social behavior, when ill behaviors are successful, they tend
to spread, because people copy behaviors associated with success. Over time, this may harm the shared signals on
which society depends.(这一事件代表了一种更古老的东西：通过虚假陈述进行的欺骗逐渐削弱了信任。与
任何社会行为一样，当不良行为成功时，它们往往会传播，因为人们会模仿与成功相关的行为。随着时间
的推移，这可能会损害社会所依赖的shared signals)”可推知，这里“shared signals”指社会中人们普遍认可、
共同依赖的信任依据（如卫生评级本应是大家公认的卫生判断标准），即“约定俗成的信念”，与
“Agreed beliefs”含义一致。故选B 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Animals signal information to others about themselves, but some animals
cheat. Cuckoo chicks, for instance, model after the sound of the young of other birds to trick adult birds into
feeding them. (动物会向其他动物传递关于自身的信号，但有些动物会欺骗。例如，布谷鸟雏鸟会模仿其他
鸟类雏鸟的叫声，欺骗成年鸟类给它们喂食)”可推知，作者提及布谷鸟雏鸟是为了举例说明自然界中存在
的欺骗行为，佐证前文“有些动物会通过虚假信号欺骗他人”的观点。故选A 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“What matters for maintaining trust is the reliability of the signals we use in
communication. What we need is a mechanism for determining reliability: Whether people or places can be trusted
to do what we expect of them. (维持信任的关键在于我们在沟通中使用的信号的可靠性。我们需要的是一种
判断可靠性的机制：判断人或地方是否能如我们期望的那样值得信任)”可知，我们需要这样的机制是为了
确保信号的可靠性，进而保障信任，即“保证可信赖性”。故选D 项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中“Deception (欺骗) through misrepresentation gradually
weakens trust. (通过虚假陈述进行欺骗会逐渐削弱信任)”及全文围绕“信任被破坏与如何维护信任”的阐述
可知，文章以餐厅卫生评级虚假为例，引出“虚假陈述会削弱信任”的核心观点，接着从自然界和人类社
会（数字时代）举例说明欺骗行为的存在，最后提出通过识别欺骗模式、技术检测和法律制裁等方式维护
信任。所以A 项“The Wearing Away of Trust(信任的消磨)”能概括文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选A 项。
13.（2026·浙江省杭州高级中学高三上学期开学检测）Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there
was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right
to scroll (刷屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens
after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager
replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not
to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”.
Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In
my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the fine
differences. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social
comparison is unhealthy.
Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for
our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good
or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness
the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts.
Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on
the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of
motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse
than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can
draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views—for example,
“Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.”
What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on
whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have
control over.
1．How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument?
A．Excited.
B．Inspired.
C．Energized.
D．Relieved.
2．According to the passage, which best explains why social comparisons can be beneficial?
A．They help people avoid emotional trouble completely.
B．They provide motivation when viewed from a positive angle.
C．They allow people to control others’ opinions effectively.
D．They eliminate the fear of falling behind others permanently.
3．Which of the following social comparison examples would the author most likely agree with?
A．A student who stops checking classmates’ test scores to avoid feeling bad.
B．An employee who feels discouraged after seeing a colleague’s promotion.
C．A fitness enthusiast who uses a professional athlete’s training routine as inspiration to improve their own
workouts.
D．A person who frequently compares their lifestyle with influencers’ selected posts on social media.
4．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit
B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties
C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble
D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章结合作者自己的育儿经历，论述社会比较并非都不健康，可合理利用，
促进成长。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of
advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom
without exploring the fine differences. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning
the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy.(虽然我的女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出过的最
糟糕的建议之一。在我的辩护中，我做了我们以前都做过的事情，那就是重复公认的智慧，而不探索细微
的差异。但现在是时候澄清事实了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都不健康的观点。)”可知，女儿的争论让作
者意识到自己的建议有问题，从而受到启发，开始重新思考社会比较的问题。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in
feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use
these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.”(如果你只关注别人
有你没有的东西，那么把自己和比你优秀的人比较可能会让你产生嫉妒心理；但如果你把这些比较当作动
力的来源，它也可以让你充满活力和受到鼓舞，例如，“如果他们能做到，我也能。”)”可知，从积极的
角度看待社会比较时，它可以提供动力，这是社会比较有益的原因。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in
feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use
these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.”(如果你只关注别人
有你没有的东西，那么把自己和比你优秀的人比较可能会让你产生嫉妒心理；但如果你把这些比较当作动
力的来源，它也可以让你充满活力和受到鼓舞，例如，“如果他们能做到，我也能。”)”可知，C 选项
“一个健身爱好者以专业运动员的训练计划为灵感来改善自己的锻炼”符合作者的观点，即利用社会比较
作为动力来源。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段中“Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into
emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work.(当然，社
会比较常常会让我们陷入情绪困扰。但如果我们了解它们是如何运作的，就可以利用它们来改善自己。)”
可知，文章主要讨论了社会比较的积极面，指出如果我们正确理解并利用社会比较，它可以成为一种健康
的习惯，帮助我们成长和进步。因此，A 选项“Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy
Habit(与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯)”最符合文章主旨。故选A。
14.（2026·河南省南阳市南阳市六校开学考试高三上学期开学）We live in a culture crazy about goals.
We're told that success depends on dreaming big and pursuing unceasingly. But what if that mindset is quietly
stealing your joy? I’m not against goals. I’ve pursued plenty of big ones myself. But I’ve learned that when we treat
goals as the only measure of meaning, we risk spending most of our lives doing things we don’t enjoy.
We should welcome goals into our lives — but holding them lightly. It means letting goals guide us, but not
define us. It means caring less about whether we reach the finish line, and more about whether we're enjoying the
run.
Take my experience writing a book. My big goal was to get traditionally published. That goal sent me in a
direction, but the real magic was in the day-to-day writing, refining my proposal, working with an agent, and
querying publishers. I genuinely enjoyed all of it. And because I wasn’t attached to the outcome, I could focus on
the process. Goals help us aim our purpose like a compass, not a contract. They get us moving. But they don’t have
to be the only reason we keep going.
Sometimes the best outcomes aren’t the ones we planned. Back to my book journey: Sure, I wanted to get
published. But along the way, something unexpected happened. I met incredible people — fellow writers,
podcasters (播客), and editors. One connection led to an invitation to be on a podcast. Another introduced me to a
writing group. None of that was on the original goal list. But all of it made my life better. This is the underrated gift
of goals — new relationships, new skills, new insights. These happy side effects are often more rewarding than the
original achievement.
Should You Set Goals? Absolutely. Just don’t make them your identity. Be bold enough to dream, but humble
enough to adapt. Be focused enough to move forward, but flexible enough to enjoy the challenges. Because the
goal isn't the destination. The goal is the invitation. It invites you to live with intention.
1．What is the problem with our culture’s addiction to goals?
A．Goals are irrelevant to personal success.
B．Goals should be pursued without distractions.
C．Only grand goals are worth pursuing.
D．Focusing solely on goals reduces happiness.
2．What does the author mean by “holding goals lightly”?
A．Approaching goals with flexibility.
B．Setting achievable goals only.
C．Dismissing goals as unimportant.
D．Prioritizing outcomes over the process.
3．How did the author find his book journey?
A．Stressful.
B．Demanding.
C．Awkward.
D．Rewarding.
4．What advice does the author give about setting goals?
A．Set goals and stick to them.
B．Dream big but remain adaptable.
C．Face challenges and learn from them.
D．Stay ambitious but be open to change.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出当下文化痴迷目标，过度关注会夺人快乐，主张轻松对待目标，以写
书经历说明享受过程、接纳意外收获，建议大胆追梦且灵活适应。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“We live in a culture crazy about goals. We’re told that success depends on
dreaming big and pursuing unceasingly. But what if that mindset is quietly stealing your joy?(我们生活在一个痴
迷于目标的文化中。有人告诉我们，成功取决于远大的梦想和不懈的追求。但如果这种心态正在悄悄偷走
你的快乐呢？)” 可知，我们文化中对目标的沉迷存在的问题是，仅仅关注目标会减少幸福感。故选D 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“We should welcome goals into our lives — but holding them lightly. It means
letting goals guide us, but not define us. It means caring less about whether we reach the finish line, and more about
whether we're enjoying the run.(我们应当在生活中接纳目标——但要以轻松的心态对待它们。这意味着让目
标指引我们，而非定义我们；意味着少关注自己是否冲过了终点线，多在意自己是否享受奔跑的过程。)”
可知，“轻松对待目标”指以灵活的态度对待目标，关注过程而非仅执着于结果，即灵活地接近目标。故
选A 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“I genuinely enjoyed all of it. And because I wasn’t attached to the outcome, I
could focus on the process.(我真的很享受这一切。而且因为我不执着于结果，我可以专注于过程。)” 以及
第四段“None of that was on the original goal list. But all of it made my life better. This is the underrated gift of
goals — new relationships, new skills, new insights.(这些都不在最初的目标清单上。但所有这些都让我的生活
变得更好。这是目标被低估的礼物 —— 新的人际关系、新的技能、新的见解。)”可知，作者在写书的过
程中享受过程，还收获了意外的美好，由此可推断作者认为这段旅程是有回报的。故选D 项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Should You Set Goals? Absolutely. Just don’t make them your identity. Be bold
enough to dream, but humble enough to adapt.(你应该设定目标吗？当然。只是不要让它们成为你的身份标识。
要有足够的勇气去梦想，但也要有足够的谦逊去适应。)”可知，作者给出的关于设定目标的建议是大胆梦
想但保持适应能力。故选B 项。
15.（2026·河北省唐山市玉田县爱英才联考高三上学期开学）In my daily life, friends will share their
latest attempts to feel better: a quiet place that promises to rewire their nervous system, and an emotional detox (排
毒) that makes them feel relaxed. But do they actually have the effects they claim to have?
The world is increasingly fast. The pace of modern life leaves little space to feel, let alone feel okay. So we
reach for whatever promises a moment's relief from the chaos. But the more I listen, the more I notice something
we rarely name: We've started treating emotional well-being like a luxury product. Not a state of mind. Not a
birthright. But a purchase.
Therefore, the global wellness industry is mushrooming. But what it's really selling isn't vitamin cocktails or
mindfulness courses or customized getaways. It's a story. A story we've all internalized, whether we realize it or not.
It begins by convincing us that the world is too much to handle. The constant sense of urgency, the sense that we're
always falling behind, and the endless created lives online—calm, focused, in control—leave us feeling unable to
control our lives. In such an environment, we'll definitely seek relief when we're overwhelmed.
Psychologists call this the affective forecasting error. This is the tendency to overestimate how much a future
action or purchase will improve our emotional state. We believe the next thing will finally make us feel okay. But
the calm never lasts, so we keep searching for more. And in the process, we lose touch with something vital: the
belief that we are capable of holding our own emotions.
So, the real work is not to chase a cure but to remember what we already know: That feeling okay is a fragile
(易碎的) and human thing. It's not something we build with better tools but something we touch in unguarded
moments. And maybe the basic act of all is to accept that sometimes we won't feel okay. And no product, service, or
practice will change that. That is part of what it means to be wholly human.
1．Why does the author mention his friends' attempts?
A．To present the topic.
B．To list ways to feel better.
C．To show the results of a study.
D．To compare friends' preferences.
2．Why does the wellness industry grow so fast?
A．People prioritize physical health.
B．People view well-being as a human right.
C．People are eager to try innovations in health. D．People struggle to handle modern pressures.
3．What is an example of “affective forecasting error”?
A．Seeking lasting inner peace.
B．Planning ahead for future life.
C．Trying a free app for occasional relaxation.
D．Believing a new phone guarantees lasting happiness.
4．What does the author advise people to do when they feel pressured?
A．Turn to psychologists for help.
B．Accept them as they are.
C．Equip themselves with better tools.
D．Pursue wholeness as a human.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨人们将情绪健康视为奢侈品、依赖各类产品寻求慰藉的现象，
并指出接纳情绪本身才是关键。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In my daily life, friends will share their latest attempts to feel better: a quiet
place that promises to rewire their nervous system, and an emotional detox (排毒) that makes them feel relaxed.
But do they actually have the effects they claim to have? (在我的日常生活中，朋友们会分享他们最新的‘让自
己感觉更好’的尝试：比如一个号称能重塑神经系统的安静场所，或是一种能让人放松的情绪排毒法。但
这些尝试真的能达到它们宣称的效果吗？)”可推知，作者提及朋友的尝试，是通过提出“这些方法是否有
效”的疑问引出下文对“情绪健康与消费主义”的讨论，从而呈现文章主题。故选A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The world is increasingly fast. The pace of modern life leaves little space to
feel, let alone feel okay. So we reach for whatever promises a moment's relief from the chaos. (世界节奏越来越快。
现代生活的步伐几乎没有留给我们感受的空间，更别说感受“还好”了。因此，只要有东西能承诺让我们
从混乱中获得片刻解脱，我们就会去追寻)”及第三段中的“Therefore, the global wellness industry is
mushrooming. (因此，全球健康产业正在迅速发展)”可知，健康产业快速发展的原因是人们难以应对现代生
活的压力，渴望寻求解脱。故选D 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Psychologists call this the affective forecasting error. This is the tendency to
overestimate how much a future action or purchase will improve our emotional state. (心理学家将这种现象称为
“情感预测偏差”。它指的是人们倾向于高估未来的某个行为或消费行为对改善自身情绪状态的作用)”可
知，“情感预测偏差”的核心是“高估某事物对情绪的持久改善作用”。D 选项“认为一部新手机能带来
持久的快乐”中，“新手机”是“消费行为”，“持久的快乐”是“高估的情绪改善效果”，符合该概念
的定义。故选D 项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And maybe the basic act of all is to accept that sometimes we won't feel
okay. And no product, service, or practice will change that. That is part of what it means to be wholly human. (或许
最根本的做法是接纳“有时我们就是会感觉不好”这一事实。没有任何产品、服务或方法能改变这一点。
而这正是“成为完整的人”的一部分内涵)”可知，作者建议人们在感到有压力、情绪不佳时，接纳这种状
态本身。故选B 项。
16.（2026·河北省保定市部分高中高三上学期开学）Social media is a huge part of modern teenage life,
offering amazing connection but also risking mental health. While some praise its power to build communities and
encourage self-expression, its negative effects are too serious to ignore, requiring us to seriously rethink its role.
On the one hand, social media provides a vital space for young people, especially those from marginalized
(边缘化的) groups, to find support and share experiences. It makes it easier to access information and learn about
different views. For many, it is also an important outlet for creativity, which can build confidence and a sense of
belonging. The ability to keep friendships with people far away is another clear benefit.
However, the negative impacts often seem greater. The main danger is the “perfect life” often shown online.
Seeing endless perfect images and lifestyles fuels social comparison, leading to feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and
depression. The constant chase for “likes” makes a person’s self-worth depend on public approval, creating huge
pressure. Furthermore, cyberbullying (网络欺凌) can cause deep and lasting psychological harm. Sleep problems
from late-night scrolling and the addictive design of the apps worsen these issues, harming emotional control
during key stages of growth.
Therefore, while social media’s power to connect is clear, its current design is a serious threat to youth
mental health. The platforms are built to maximize engagement, often at the cost of well-being, making social
pressures and unrealistic expectations worse. The proven increase in anxiety and depression among heavy users
highlights this crisis. Acknowledging the benefits is not enough; we must actively reduce the harm. This means
teaching young users the skills to navigate ( 浏览) the digital world safely and healthily, so they don’t become
victims of its darker side.
1．What is mentioned as a positive function of social media?
A．Offering identity exploration spaces.
B．Reducing sleep quality significantly.
C．Increasing face-to-face interactions.
D．Removing social barriers completely.
2．Why does the author mention the chase for “likes”?
A．To show it builds self-esteem.
B．To highlight its motivational role.
C．To criticize its link to self-worth.
D．To suggest removing all feedback.
3．What does the text imply about platform design?
A．It prioritizes user privacy.
B．It seeks engagement over well-being.
C．It focuses on educational goals.
D．It is designed by mental health experts.
4．Which title best summarizes the text?
A．A Guide to Safe Internet Use
B．The Rise of Digital Communities
C．How to Build Confidence Online
D．Social Media: A Double-Edged Sword for Teens
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章叙述了社交媒体对青少年心理健康既有利也有弊的双重影响，并呼吁采
取行动减少其危害。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段“On the one hand, social media provides a vital space for young people,
especially those from marginalized groups, to find support and share experiences. It makes it easier to access
information and learn about different views. For many, it is also an important outlet for creativity, which can build
confidence and a sense of belonging. The ability to keep friendships with people far away is another clear benefit.
(一方面，社交媒体为年轻人，尤其是那些来自边缘群体的年轻人，提供了一个寻求支持和分享经验的重要
空间。它使访问信息和了解不同观点变得更加容易。对许多人来说，它也是发挥创造力的重要途径，可以
建立信心和归属感。与远方的人保持友谊的能力是另一个明显的好处)”可知，社交媒体为年轻人（尤其是
边缘群体）提供了寻找支持、分享经验和表达创造力的空间，这有助于建立自信和归属感，即社交媒体的
积极功能是提供身份探索的空间。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The main danger is the ‘perfect life’ often shown online. Seeing endless
perfect images and lifestyles fuels social comparison, leading to feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and depression.
The constant chase for ‘likes’ makes a person’s self-worth depend on public approval, creating huge pressure.(主要
的危险是网上经常出现的“完美生活”。看到无穷无尽的完美形象和生活方式助长了社会比较，导致了自
卑、焦虑和抑郁的感觉。不断追求“赞”会让一个人的自我价值依赖于公众的认可，从而产生巨大的压
力)”可知，对“点赞”的追求导致青少年将自我价值建立在公众认可上，从而产生巨大压力。由此推知，
作者提到追求点赞是为了批评它与自我价值的联系。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Therefore, while social media’s power to connect is clear, its current design
is a serious threat to youth mental health. The platforms are built to maximize engagement, often at the cost of well-
being, making social pressures and unrealistic expectations worse.(因此，虽然社交媒体的连接能力是显而易见
的，但其目前的设计对青少年的心理健康构成了严重威胁。这些平台的建立是为了最大化用户粘性，但往
往是以牺牲幸福感为代价，使社会压力和不切实际的期望变得更糟)”可知，社交平台的设计以“最大化用
户参与度”为核心，但这是以牺牲用户福祉为代价的。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Social media is a huge part of modern teenage life, offering
amazing connection but also risking mental health. While some praise its power to build communities and
encourage self-expression, its negative effects are too serious to ignore, requiring us to seriously rethink its role.(社
交媒体是现代青少年生活的重要组成部分，提供了惊人的联系，但也冒着心理健康的风险。虽然有些人赞
扬它建立社区和鼓励自我表达的力量，但它的负面影响太严重了，不容忽视，需要我们认真思考它的作
用)”可知，文章通过对比社交媒体的益处（如社区支持、自我表达）和危害（如焦虑、网络欺凌、成瘾性
设计），强调其双重性。选项D“Social Media: A Double-Edged Sword for Teens(社交媒体：青少年的双刃
剑)”精准概括了全文核心，为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
17.（2026·重庆市巴蜀中学校高三上学期8 月开学）Anyone who has taken a standardized test knows
that writing an essay in 20 minutes or less takes serious brain power. Having access to artificial intelligence (AI)
would certainly lighten the mental load. But as a recent study by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) suggests, that help may come at a cost.
Over the course of a series of essay-writing sessions, students working with as well as without an AI chatbot
had their brain activity measured. Across the board, the AI users exhibited markedly lower brain activity in areas
associated with creative functions and attention.
Whether AI will leave people’s brains weak in the long term remains an open question. Researchers behind
this study have stressed that further work is needed to establish a definitive causal link between elevated AI use and
weakened brains. After all, the study had a tiny sample size and focused on a single narrow task.
Moreover, generative-AI tools clearly seek to lighten people’s mental loads, as many other technologies do.
Concerns about this kind of offloading aren’t new. As long ago as the 5th century BC, Socrates was quoted as
complaining that writing is not “a potion(神药) for remembering, but for reminding”. Calculators spare cashiers
from computing a bill. Navigation apps remove the need for map-reading. And yet few would argue that people are
less capable as a result.
There is little evidence to suggest that letting machines handle users’ mental tasks alters the brain’s capacity
for thinking. But the worry is that generative AI allows one to offload a thought process. And once the brain has
developed a taste for offloading, it can be a hard habit to kick. As one user put it, “I rely so much on AI that I don’t
think I’d know how to solve certain problems without it.”
The technology is so young that, for many tasks, the human brain is still the sharpest tool in the toolkit. But
in time both the consumers of AI and its regulators will have to assess whether its wider benefits outweigh any
cognitive (认知) costs. If stronger evidence emerges that AI makes people less intelligent, will they care?
1．What does paragraph 3 emphasize about the MIT study?
A．The procedures it followed.
B．The limitations in its design.
C．The conclusion it has drawn.
D．The diversity among its participants.
2．According to Socrates, what negative consequence could writing have?
A．People would avoid using reminders.
B．People would stop thinking independently.
C．People would rely less on their own memory.
D．People would care less about the spoken word.
3．What point does the user’s remark in paragraph 5 illustrate?
A．AI can change users’ mental capacity.
B．AI is not widely available to the public.
C．AI can encourage users’ mental laziness.
D．AI is not capable of solving every problem.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Will AI Make You Stupid?
B．How AI Lets You Offload Tasks
C．Why AI Affects Your Thinking Abilities
D．Is AI a Mental Shortcut You Can Easily Quit?
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。MIT 研究表明，使用AI 写作文的学生在创造力和注意力相关脑区活动显著降
低，但长期影响未知。虽无证据显示AI 改变大脑思考能力，但需权衡其利弊。
1．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Whether AI will leave people’s brains weak in the long term remains an open
question. Researchers behind this study have stressed that further work is needed to establish a definitive causal
link between elevated AI use and weakened brains. After all, the study had a tiny sample size and focused on a
single narrow task. (从长远来看，人工智能是否会让人类的大脑变弱，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。这项
研究背后的研究人员强调，需要进一步的工作来确定人工智能使用量增加与大脑功能减弱之间的明确因果
关系。毕竟，这项研究的样本量很小，而且只关注一个单一的任务)”可知，第三段主要强调了MIT 研究设
计的局限——样本量很小，且只关注一个单一的任务。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“As long ago as the 5th century BC, Socrates was quoted as complaining that
writing is not “a potion (神药) for remembering, but for reminding”. Calculators spare cashiers from computing a
bill. Navigation apps remove the need for map-reading. And yet few would argue that people are less capable as a
result. (早在公元前5 世纪，苏格拉底就曾抱怨说，写作不是“记忆的药水，而是提醒的药水”。计算器使
收银员不必计算账单。导航应用免去了看地图的需要。然而，很少有人会认为人们的能力因此而下降)”可
知，根据苏格拉底的说法，写作的消极结果是人们更少依赖自己的记忆。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“But the worry is that generative AI allows one to offload a thought process.
And once the brain has developed a taste for offloading, it can be a hard habit to kick. As one user put it, “I rely so
much on AI that I don’t think I’d know how to solve certain problems without it.” (但令人担忧的是，生成式人工
智能允许人们卸载思维过程。而且，一旦大脑养成了“卸载”的习惯，就很难改掉了。正如一位用户所说，
“我太依赖人工智能了，如果没有它，我不知道如何解决某些问题。”)”可知，该用户的话表明AI 可能会
助长用户的思维惰性。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段“Whether AI will leave people’s brains weak in the long term
remains an open question. Researchers behind this study have stressed that further work is needed to establish a
definitive causal link between elevated AI use and weakened brains. After all, the study had a tiny sample size and
focused on a single narrow task. (从长远来看，人工智能是否会让人类的大脑变弱，这仍然是一个悬而未决
的问题。这项研究背后的研究人员强调，需要进一步的工作来确定人工智能使用量增加与大脑功能减弱之
间的明确因果关系。毕竟，这项研究的样本量很小，而且只关注一个单一的任务)”和最后一段“The
technology is so young that, for many tasks, the human brain is still the sharpest tool in the toolkit. But in time both
the consumers of AI and its regulators will have to assess whether its wider benefits outweigh any cognitive (认知)
costs. If stronger evidence emerges that AImakes people less intelligent, will they care? (这项技术是如此年轻，
以至于在许多任务中，人类的大脑仍然是工具包中最锋利的工具。但随着时间的推移，人工智能的消费者
和监管机构都将不得不评估其更广泛的好处是否超过任何认知成本。如果有更有力的证据表明人工智能会
让人变得更不聪明，他们会在意吗?)”可知，文章主要介绍MIT 研究表明，使用AI 写作文的学生在创造力
和注意力相关脑区活动显著降低，虽无证据显示AI 改变大脑思考能力，但需权衡其利弊。因此A 项“AI
会使你变笨吗?”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
18.（2026·重庆市巴蜀中学校高三上学期8 月开学考试）When you see someone absorbed in a highbrow
novel on the train or posing with a philosophical volume on social media, you shouldn’t automatically assume they
are reading the book.
It’s known as “performative reading” as the “reader” wants “everyone to know” they read, wrote Alaina
Demopoulos in The Guardian. They’re signalling they have the “taste and attention span” to “pick up a physical
book”.
The phenomenon has its roots in 2021, when a boom in book clubs led by celebrities along with “BookTok”,
the section of TikTok dedicated to promoting and discussing commercial fiction, turned favoured books into a
“trend-driven accessory”, said Sarah Manavis in The New Statesman.
BookTok is seen as performative, with “trendy books” going viral not because of the “quality of the
literature” but because it suggests an “increasingly fashionable, intellectual-looking style”. And when reading
becomes a competition, with “countless users showing off” about having read more than 35 books in a single
month, supposedly, quality takes a backseat to “demonstrating yourself to be a voracious ‘reader’.”
Social posturing through books isn’t new. What is new is the “uniquely unapologetic” way social media
“rubber-stamps” the idea of books as “an accessory, rather than an art”. And there’s a danger it could lead to
publishers focusing their efforts on books that are “feed-friendly”.
But the inconvenient truth is that the virality of literature has led to an uptick in book sales. In 2023, 669
million physical books were sold, the highest overall level ever recorded, along with an increase of visits to UK
libraries.
One of life’s “simplest pleasures” remains “falling into a story” and “tuning the world out”, without
“worrying about what someone’s going to think of you”, said Demopoulos. Enjoy the story. Many people are still
doing exactly that, so rather than “finger-wagging” about performative reading, next time you see someone with a
book at a coffee shop or the park, just leave them alone, because “this is not for you”, they’re simply “enjoying the
moment”.
1．Why do some people engage in performative reading?
A．To popularize book clubs.
B．To promote reading habits.
C．To improve their social image.
D．To stress the importance of literature.
2．What does the underlined word “voracious” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Slow.
B．Eager.
C．Selective.
D．Occasional.
3．What risk does turning books into accessories create?
A．Online reading could take over.
B．Physical book sales will decline.
C．Book clubs may become exclusive.
D．Meaningful content might get sidelined.
4．According to Demopoulos, those who read in public should be .
A．urged to read privately
B．guided to select better materials
C．discouraged from posting online
D．respected without direct intervention
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论“表演性阅读”现象，指出人们为展示形象而读书，且社交媒体加剧
此风。虽可能影响书籍质量，但也带动销量。文章最后指出应用正确的方式对待“表演性阅读”的人。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s known as “performative reading” as the “reader” wants “everyone to know”
they read, wrote Alaina Demopoulos in The Guardian. They’re signalling they have the “taste and attention span” to
“pick up a physical book”.(Alaina Demopoulos 在《卫报》上写道，这被称为“表演性阅读”，因为“阅读的
人”希望“每个人都知道”他们在阅读。他们表示，他们有“品味和注意力持续时间”来“拿起一本实体
书”)”可知，一些人进行“表演性阅读”是为了提升自己的社会形象，想让别人知道他们有品味和注意力
来阅读一本实体书。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“And when reading becomes a competition, with “countless users showing off”
about having read more than 35 books in a single month, supposedly, quality takes a backseat to “demonstrating
yourself to be a voracious ‘reader’.”(当阅读成为一种竞争，“无数用户炫耀”自己在一个月里读了35 本以
上的书时，据说，质量让位于“展示自己是一个voracious ‘读者’”)”可知，无数人炫耀自己在一个月内
读了35 本书以上，以此表达自己是一个求知欲强的读者。由此猜测划线词意为“有求知欲的”，与
eager“热切的”意思相近。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“What is new is the “uniquely unapologetic” way social media “rubber-
stamps” the idea of books as “an accessory, rather than an art”. And there’s a danger it could lead to publishers
focusing their efforts on books that are “feed-friendly”.(新的变化在于，社交媒体以一种“全然不加掩饰”的方
式“认可”了书籍是“一种配饰而非艺术品”这一观念。而这其中存在一种风险，即可能导致出版商将精
力集中在那些“适合社交平台展示”的书籍上)”可知，将书籍转变为配饰可能导致出版商将精力集中在那
些“适合社交平台展示”的书籍上，即书的内容可能被忽略。由此推知，这种情况可能导致有意义的内容
被边缘化。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Many people are still doing exactly that, so rather than “finger-wagging”
about performative reading, next time you see someone with a book at a coffee shop or the park, just leave them
alone, because “this is not for you”, they’re simply “enjoying the moment”.(很多人仍在这样做，所以与其对
“表演性阅读”指手画脚，下次在咖啡馆或公园看到有人拿着书时，就别打扰他们了，因为“这与你无
关”，他们只是在“享受当下”)”推知，根据Demopoulos 的观点，那些在公共场合阅读的人应该得到尊重
而不是直接干预，因为“这与你无关”且他们只是在“享受当下”。故选D。
19.（2026·福建省福州市高三上学期第一次质量检测）Can you tell fact from fiction online? In a digital
world, few questions are more challenging than fighting misinformation. As an education researcher and former
high school history teacher, I know that history class can stimulate critical thinking — but only if teachers and
schools understand what it really means.
Some might consider critical thinking an ability that teachers can encourage. Or they might be referring to
specific skills — for instance, that students should learn a set of steps to take to assess information online.
Cognitive (认知的) scientists see critical thinking as a specific kind of reasoning that involves problem-solving and
making sound judgments. It can be learned, but it relies on specific content knowledge.
Since context is key to critical thinking, learning to analyze information about current events likely requires
knowledge about politics and history, as well as practice at tracing sources. Fortunately, that is what social studies
classes are for.
Social studies researchers often describe this kind of critical thinking as “historical thinking”: a way to
evaluate evidence about the past and assess its reliability. In social studies classroom students can make relatively
quick progress on some of the surface features of historical thinking, such as learning to check a text’s date and
author.
Social studies classrooms can also build what researchers call “civic online reasoning.” Fact-checking is
complex. It is not enough to tell young people that they should be careful online, or to trust sites that end in “.org”
instead of “.com.” Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic online reasoning teaches
students specific skills for evaluating information about politics and social issues.
Therefore, the solution lies not in teaching critical thinking as a separate skill, but in preserving and
strengthening traditional social studies education that combines background knowledge with analytical capabilities.
Only then can we effectively prepare students to distinguish truth from fiction in our digital world.
1．How does the writer view critical thinking?
A．It naturally develops over time.
B．It is a kind of step-by-step learning.
C．It is a form of content-based reasoning. D．It improves with teachers’ encouragement.
2．Why can social studies encourage critical thinking?
A．They focus on past evidence.
B．They question general principles.
C．They develop fact-checking skills.
D．They provide trustworthy websites.
3．Which can be considered “civic online reasoning” according to the text?
A．Trusting online news without tracing sources.
B．Assessing public matters via fact-checking.
C．Dismissing social media as unreliable.
D．Employing AI to spread news stories.
4．What solution does the author suggest?
A．Applying traditional social skills.
B．Highlighting historical knowledge.
C．Emphasizing social studies learning.
D．Teaching communication techniques.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨在线辨别事实与虚构的难题，提出批判性思维需依托特定知识，且
传统社会科教育是培养该思维的关键。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cognitive (认知的) scientists see critical thinking as a specific kind of
reasoning that involves problem-solving and making sound judgments. It can be learned, but it relies on specific
content knowledge.(认知科学家将批判性思维视为一种特定的推理方式，它涉及解决问题和做出合理判断。
它是可以学习的，但它依赖于特定的内容知识。)”可知，作者（结合认知科学家观点）认为批判性思维是
依赖特定内容知识的推理形式，即基于内容的推理。故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Since context is key to critical thinking, learning to analyze information
about current events likely requires knowledge about politics and history, as well as practice at tracing sources.
Fortunately, that is what social studies classes are for.(由于背景知识是批判性思维的关键，学习分析时事信息
可能需要政治和历史知识，以及追溯信息来源的实践。幸运的是，这正是社会科课程的作用所在。)”及第
五段中的“Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic online reasoning teaches students
specific skills for evaluating information about politics and social issues.(公民在线推理并非让学生学习有关网络
媒体的一般原则，而是教给他们评估政治和社会问题相关信息的特定技能。)”可知，社会科课程能培养事
实核查（如追溯来源、评估信息）的技能，从而促进批判性思维。故选C 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic online
reasoning teaches students specific skills for evaluating information about politics and social issues. (公民在线推
理并非教授有关网络媒体的通用原则，而是培养学生评估政治和社会议题相关信息的特定技能。)”可知，
公民在线推理是通过特定技能评估与公共事务相关的信息，即通过事实核查评估公共事务。故选B 项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore, the solution lies not in teaching critical thinking as a separate
skill, but in preserving and strengthening traditional social studies education that combines background knowledge
with analytical capabilities.(因此，解决办法不在于将批判性思维作为一项独立技能来教授，而在于维护和加
强传统的社会科教育，这种教育将背景知识与分析能力结合起来。)”可知，作者建议的解决办法是重视社
会科学习。故选C 项。
20.（2026·福建省福州市高三上学期一模）Can you tell fact from fiction online? In a digital world, few
questions are more challenging than fighting misinformation. As an education researcher and former high school
history teacher, I know that history class can stimulate critical thinking — but only if teachers and schools
understand what it really means.
Some might consider critical thinking an ability that teachers can encourage. Or they might be referring to
specific skills — for instance, that students should learn a set of steps to take to assess information online.
Cognitive (认知的) scientists see critical thinking as a specific kind of reasoning that involves problem-solving and
making sound judgments. It can be learned, but it relies on specific content knowledge.
Since context is key to critical thinking, learning to analyze information about current events likely requires
knowledge about politics and history, as well as practice at tracing sources. Fortunately, that is what social studies
classes are for.
Social studies researchers often describe this kind of critical thinking as “historical thinking”: a way to
evaluate evidence about the past and assess its reliability. In social studies classrooms students can make relatively
quick progress on some of the surface features of historical thinking, such as learning to check a text’s date and
author.
Social studies classrooms can also build what researchers call “civic online reasoning.” Fact-checking is
complex. It is not enough to tell young people that they should be careful online, or to trust sites that end in “.org”
instead of “.com.” Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic online reasoning teaches
students specific skills for evaluating information about politics and social issues.
Therefore, the solution lies not in teaching critical thinking as a separate skill, but in preserving and
strengthening traditional social studies education that combines background knowledge with analytical capabilities.
Only then can we effectively prepare students to distinguish truth from fiction in our digital world.
1．How does the writer view critical thinking?
A．It naturally develops over time.
B．It is a kind of step-by-step learning.
C．It is a form of content-based reasoning.
D．It improves with teachers’ encouragement.
2．Why can social studies encourage critical thinking?
A．They focus on past evidence.
B．They question general principles.
C．They develop fact-checking skills.
D．They provide trustworthy websites.
3．Which can be considered “civic online reasoning” according to the text?
A．Trusting online news without tracing sources.
B．Assessing public matters via fact-checking.
C．Dismissing social media as unreliable.
D．Employing AI to spread news stories.
4．What solution does the author suggest?
A．Applying traditional social skills.
B．Highlighting historical knowledge.
C．Emphasizing social studies learning.
D．Teaching communication techniques.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要探讨了在网络数字时代辨别信息真伪的挑战，指出批判性思维对于应
对这一挑战的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cognitive (认知的) scientists see critical thinking as a specific kind of reasoning
that involves problem-solving and making sound judgments. It can be learned, but it relies on specific content
knowledge. (认知科学家将批判性思维视为一种特定的推理方式，涉及解决问题和做出合理判断。它可以被
学习，但依赖于特定的内容知识。)”可知，作者认同认知科学家的观点，认为批判性思维是依赖特定内容
知识的推理形式。故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Social studies classrooms can also build what researchers call “civic online
reasoning.” Fact-checking is complex. It is not enough to tell young people that they should be careful online, or to
trust sites that end in “.org” instead of “.com.” Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic
online reasoning teaches students specific skills for evaluating information about politics and social issues. (社会科
课堂还能培养研究人员所说的“公民网络思辨能力”。事实核查并非易事：仅仅告诉年轻人在网络上要谨
慎，或是让他们相信以“.org” 结尾的网站而非“.com”结尾的网站，这些做法远远不够。与学习网络媒体
相关的通用原则不同，公民网络思辨能力教授给学生的，是评估政治和社会议题相关信息的具体技能。)”
可知，社会研究课程能培养学生的事实核查技能，进而促进批判性思维。故选C 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic online reasoning
teaches students specific skills for evaluating information about politics and social issues. (公民在线推理能力不是
让学生学习网络媒体的一般原则，而是教给他们评估政治和社会问题相关信息的特定技能。)”可知，公民
在线推理能力是评估政治、社会等公共事务相关信息的技能，且需结合事实核查。故选B 项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefore, the solution lies not in teaching critical thinking as a separate skill,
but in preserving and strengthening traditional social studies education that combines background knowledge with
analytical capabilities. (因此，解决办法不在于将批判性思维作为一项独立技能来教授，而在于维护和加强
传统的社会研究教育，这种教育将背景知识与分析能力相结合。)”可知，作者建议强调社会研究课程的学
习。故选C 项。
21.（2026·重庆市第一中学校高三上学期开学）Remember when concerts were just about singing along
and maybe buying a T-shirt? Well, those days are over. Nowadays, concerts have grown into massive money-
makers, turning cities into buzzing spots full of tourists, shoppers, and excited fans ready to spend.
Take Taylor Swift's Eras Tour in 2023. It wasn’t just a big show — it poured over $5 billion into the U.S.
economy. Hotels were booked months ahead, ride-share drivers worked nonstop, and local restaurants couldn’t
keep up with hungry fans. China has seen similar effects, with stars like Jay Chou filling arenas and boosting local
economies during their tours. Through concerts, cities weren’t just hoping for a good time — they were chasing
real cash, showing that a great concert can bring in more money than many ads and campaigns combined.
Some critics argue that this surge in economic activity is just a temporary spike that disappears once the last
note fades, overlooking the fact that music’s impact goes far beyond immediate spending; it shapes identity,
community, and memories that keep fans returning time after time, while social media can increase this effect
greatly, as a single viral concert clip can inspire thousands more to join future events. This complex interplay of
emotional connection and digital reach means the concert economy is about much more than money.
Governments are quick to recognize this potential. Shanghai now combines major concerts with tourism
packages, Seoul has built immersive K-pop experience centers, and smaller cities are investing in upgraded venues
to attract big-name acts, understanding that live music can be a vital part of urban development strategies that
combine cultural appeal with economic growth.
So, is the concert economy simply a passing trend, or does it signal the future of how cities grow and thrive?
As more places try to catch this rhythm, maybe it’s time to ask — how much of our economic future will be written
on the music stage?
1．Why does the author mention Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour and Jay Chou’s tours?
A．To show only superstars boost the concert economy.
B．To compare Western and Asian music markets' impacts.
C．To illustrate concerts drive big economic growth globally.
D．To prove concerts are more popular than other entertainments.
2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the concert economy’s impact?
A．It is mostly temporary, tied to the concert period.
B．It utterly depends on cultural bonds from concerts.
C．It relies barely on social media for long-term benefits.
D．It clearly goes beyond short-term spending to cultural aspects.
3．What does the passage suggest about the concert economy’s role in urban development?
A．Limits to music-focused cities.
B．Fits into city growth strategies.
C．Ranks below traditional industries.
D．Demands heavy funding, low return.
4．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of the concert economy?
A．Pessimistic.
B．Doubtful.
C．Optimistic.
D．Neutral.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了现代音乐会已演变为推动城市经济发展的重要力量，并探讨
其未来潜力。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Take Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour in 2023. It wasn’t just a big show — it poured
over $5 billion into the U.S. economy.(以2023 年泰勒·斯威夫特的巡演为例，它不仅是一场大型演出，还为美
国经济注入了超过50 亿美元)”及“China has seen similar effects, with stars like Jay Chou filling arenas and
boosting local economies during their tours.(中国也出现了类似效应，如周杰伦等明星的巡演填满了场馆，带
动了当地经济)”可知，作者通过具体案例说明音乐会推动全球经济增长。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Some critics argue that this surge in economic activity is just a temporary spike
that disappears once the last note fades, overlooking the fact that music’s impact goes far beyond immediate
spending; it shapes identity, community, and memories that keep fans returning time after time, while social media
can increase this effect greatly, as a single viral concert clip can inspire thousands more to join future events.(一些
批评者认为，这种经济活动的激增只是演唱会结束时音符消散后的短暂高峰，却忽视了音乐的影响远不止
于即时消费——它塑造身份认同、社群归属感和让粉丝一次次回归的记忆，而社交媒体能极大增强这种效
应，比如一段爆红的演唱会片段就能吸引数千人参与未来活动)”可知，音乐会经济的影响明显超越短期消
费，延伸至文化层面。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Governments are quick to recognize this potential. Shanghai now combines
major concerts with tourism packages, Seoul has built immersive K-pop experience centers, and smaller cities are
investing in upgraded venues to attract big-name acts, understanding that live music can be a vital part of urban
development strategies that combine cultural appeal with economic growth.(政府迅速认识到这一潜力。上海现
在将大型音乐会与旅游套餐相结合，首尔建立了沉浸式K-pop 体验中心，而较小的城市也在投资升级场馆
以吸引知名艺人，他们明白现场音乐可以成为城市发展战略中至关重要的一部分，这一战略将文化吸引力
与经济增长相结合)”可知，音乐会经济契合城市发展策略。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So, is the concert economy simply a passing trend, or does it signal the
future of how cities grow and thrive? As more places try to catch this rhythm, maybe it’s time to ask — how much
of our economic future will be written on the music stage?(那么，音乐会经济仅仅是一个短暂的趋势，还是预
示着城市将如何发展和繁荣的未来？随着越来越多的地方试图跟上这一节奏，也许是时候问问——我们的
经济未来有多少将由音乐舞台来书写？)”可知，作者通过提问暗示对音乐会经济未来的乐观态度。故选
C。
22.（2026·重庆市第一中学校高三上学期开学）It starts with tulips. Maybe a ceramic cup of tea. The
smell of something baking while rain taps the windows. Romanticising life begins as a quiet way to slow down. A
soft resistance against stress. A little ritual — like lighting a candle — that says, “I’m here. I’m alive.” But tulips
aren’t just tulips anymore. Now they’re content.
The small gestures once meant to bring comfort have become part of a global performance. A lifestyle
aesthetic powered by soft filters and chill music. Buying tomatoes isn’t just a chore — it’s a cinematic moment. A
walk to the shop becomes a scene from a French film. Even heartbreak is curated now, as long as the lighting is
right.
It used to feel like a secret — this way of making the ordinary feel magical. But now, every small act comes
with pressure to look good, to be posted, to be part of a bigger story. To live beautifully, not honestly.
And with that pressure comes distance. Instead of living in a moment, there’s a quiet voice asking, “How
does this look?” Even brushing teeth can feel performative. The line between self-care and self-display blurs until
it’s hard to know which came first: the comfort or the camera.
The urge to make life feel special is natural. There’s nothing wrong with noticing beauty. But when every
moment must be “worthy,” something gets lost. Joy becomes effortful. Stillness becomes a missed opportunity for
aesthetic.
So what’s the way back? Start with the mess. Cold tea. Frizzy hair. Forgotten tasks. Laughing at nothing with
a friend. No soundtrack, no audience, just real life.
The magic is still there — but it doesn’t always need staging. Sometimes, the most romantic thing is doing
nothing special at all. There’s no need to be the heroine of a film. Being here, fully, is enough.
1．What was the original purpose of the small gestures mentioned in the passage?
A．To show off a beautiful lifestyle.
B．To create content for social media.
C．To reduce stress and slow down life.
D．To imitate scenes from French films.
2．What does the word “curated” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．cured
B．staged
C．ignored
D．remembered
3．What can we infer about “the line between self-care and self-display” in Paragraph 4?
A．It fades under pressure to post.
B．It disappears only in small rituals.
C．It stays clear as comfort comes first.
D．It depends on magic or ordinariness.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Stop and smell the roses.
B．All that glitters is not gold.
C．Show your heart not your show.
D．Little things make big differences.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了将日常生活浪漫化的行为从舒缓压力演变为社交表演，作者
呼吁回归真实生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Romanticising life begins as a quiet way to slow down. A soft resistance
against stress. (将生活浪漫化最初是一种安静的方式，用来减缓生活节奏，对抗压力。)”可知，最初的小举
动是为了减压和放慢生活。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“A lifestyle aesthetic powered by soft filters and chill music. Buying tomatoes
isn’t just a chore — it’s a cinematic moment. A walk to the shop becomes a scene from a French film. (一种由柔和
滤镜和舒缓音乐支撑的生活美学。买西红柿不再只是家务 —— 而是电影般的时刻。步行去商店变成了法
国电影里的场景。)”可知，生活中的举动被刻意打造成 “表演性” 场景；结合“Even heartbreak is curated
now, as long as the lighting is right. (如今即便是心碎，只要光线合适，也会被curated。)”的语境，“curated”
应与“刻意打造、表演”相关。A. cured(治愈)；B. staged(上演、刻意安排)；C. ignored(忽视)；D.
remembered(记得)。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But now, every small act comes with pressure to look good, to be posted, to be
part of a bigger story. (但现在，每一个小动作都伴随着要好看、要发帖、要成为更宏大故事一部分的压
力。)”及第四段“The line between self-care and self-display blurs until it’s hard to know which came first: the
comfort or the camera. (自我关怀和自我展示之间的界限变得模糊，以至于很难知道哪个先来：是舒适还是
镜头。)”可推断，在发帖的压力下，二者的界限逐渐消失。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。文章先指出生活浪漫化最初是为了减压放慢节奏，随后批判其演变为追求滤镜、表演给
他人看的现象，最后倒数第二段倡导回归“Cold tea. Frizzy hair. Forgotten tasks. Laughing at nothing with a
friend. No soundtrack, no audience, just real life. (冷茶。卷曲的头发。被遗忘的任务。和朋友无缘无故地笑。
没有配乐，没有观众，只有真实的生活。)”核心是反对“表演式生活”，倡导真实。选项C“展示真心而非
作秀”，符合“反对表演、倡导真实”的主旨。故选C。
23.（福建省福州市鼓楼区福州第一中学2025-2026 学年高三上学期开学）Will artificial intelligence
(AI) replace my job? This is a question that many people think about these days. At present, the application of AI
robotics in professional fields, as well as ChatGPT’s abilities to write essays, solve complex problems and more,
have heightened moral concerns.
Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI
will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than
humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of
human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own
boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain.
Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role
it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it
from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which
enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid
AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster.
The AI-driven new industrial revolution is inexorable. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes
that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was
able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to
worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the
AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown.
1．Why are some people worried about AI?
A．It has pushed humans’ boundaries.
B．It has led to social problems.
C．It may outsmart humans ultimately.
D．It may cause human intelligence decline.
2．How can we prevent AI’s potential threat?
A．By stirring emotions.
B．By setting laws and regulations.
C．By blocking functions.
D．By changing regulations.
3．What does the underlined word “inexorable” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Undesirable.
B．Unbelievable.
C．Unpredictable.
D．Unavoidable.
4．What is the author’s attitude toward AI’s advance?
A．Favorable.
B．Cautious.
C．Worried.
D．Objective.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，围绕“人工智能（AI）是否会取代人类工作”这一热门问题展开论述，分析
了人们对AI 的不同看法、AI 潜在威胁的应对方式，以及AI 驱动的新工业革命对就业的影响，最终表明无
需担忧AI 取代工作，应积极迎接AI 时代的观点。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems,
while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is
better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making. (有些人将人工智能视为解
决社会最根本问题的终极方法，而另一些人则担心人工智能会超越人类智能。这两种观点都基于这样一种
假设，即人工智能比人类更好、更聪明，最终可能取代人类的决策)”可知，部分人担忧AI 是因为他们认为
AI 最终可能会比人类更聪明，即超越人类。故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should
reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will
benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. (在人工智能对人类构成威胁之前，国际社会应就其
应发挥的作用达成共识。更重要的是，相关法律法规必须确保人工智能造福社会，防止其威胁人类生命)”
以及“Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. (没有法律限制，人工智能可能会成为一场社
会灾难)”可知，通过制定法律法规可以防范AI 的潜在威胁。故选B 项。
3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The AI-driven new industrial revolution is inexorable. This, like previous ones,
which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. (人工智能
驱动的新工业革命是inexorable 的。这与以往的工业革命一样，带来了前所未有的变化，必将影响人类就
业)”可知，后文提到新工业革命“必将影响人类就业”，且将其与“以往的工业革命”类比，而以往的工
业革命是历史发展中必然发生的趋势，由此可推测“inexorable”意为“不可避免的”，与“Unavoidable”意
思相近，符合语境。故选D 项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology
advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the
unknown. (因此，不必担心人工智能会取代我们的工作。在技术飞速发展的今天，我们需要做的是迎接人
工智能时代，而不是因为对未知的恐惧而阻碍它的发展)”可知，作者明确表示无需担忧AI 取代工作，主张
迎接AI 时代，而非阻碍其发展，由此可判断作者对AI 的发展持支持态度。故选A 项。
24.（2026·广东省湛江市湛江市八校联考高三月考）Jan Gehl is an architect and a city design consultant.
His idea in a book shows an important truth: City environments influence human interaction. In poorly designed
streets, there is little activity — people hurry home and avoid talking to others. In comparison, well-designed
spaces set free different activities, from casual walks to public gatherings. As Gehl says, the difference between
lifeless roads and lively streets lies in design that welcomes spontaneity (自发性).
Street corners show this well. Busy crossroads have their own social patterns: People waiting for traffic
lights chat, say goodbye, or gather around vendor stalls (摊位). Sociologist William H. Whyte observed in The
Social Life of Small Urban Spaces that even a single vendor can transform a corner into a mini-community,
proving that small spaces can help build big relationships. These moments turn ordinary stops into opportunities for
interaction.
Streets are the birthplace of relationships. Neighbors meet on connecting roads; coworkers bond over
roadside drinks; strangers share short talks. These interactions build the urban social structure. As the lines between
public and private spaces become less clear, streets become like extensions of home, where community takes shape
naturally.
Urban experts emphasize the power of design. Jane Jacobs’ “frequent streets” prioritize daily interactions,
while Edward T. Hall’s research shows seating arrangements affect social dynamics. A bench facing an open area or
a sunny walkway encourages people to pause and interact. Thoughtful design — from shade structures to designs
that are friendly to pedestrians (行人) — turns spaces into places for connection.
Despite their value, lively streets are rare due to challenges like noise, pollution, and safety worries. Planners
must realize well-maintained streets should be places where people feel they belong, proving that life between
buildings is the life of the city. So they should address these through comprehensive design: protecting spaces from
bad elements, reducing traffic jams, and ensuring access for everyone. Taking care of them is also important, as
well-designed spaces do well only when they are kept up.
1．What does the first paragraph mainly show?
A．Roads are full of entertainment activities.
B．City design shapes the ways people interact.
C．Poor street design results in low foot traffic.
D．Public gatherings depend on space maintenance.
2．What role do vendor stalls play according to paragraph 2?
A．Protecting pedestrian safety.
B．Transforming commercial zones.
C．Serving as social gathering points.
D．Creating job opportunities in communities.
3．What do Jane Jacobs and Edward T. Hall emphasize about the design in streets?
A．Its source.
B．Its impacts.
C．Its complexity.
D．Its limitations.
4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph?
A．To make a bet.
B．To make decisions.
C．To make a complaint.
D．To make suggestions.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了城市设计影响人际互动，专家强调了设计的重要性并建议改
善街道设计，以促进互动。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Jan Gehl is an architect and a city design consultant. His idea in a book shows
an important truth: City environments influence human interaction.(Jan Gehl 是一位建筑师和城市设计顾问。他
在一本书中的观点揭示了一个重要的事实：城市环境影响人类互动。)”可知，第一段主要表明城市设计塑
造了人们的互动方式。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sociologist William H. Whyte observed in The Social Life of Small Urban
Spaces that even a single vendor can transform a corner into a mini-community, proving that small spaces can help
build big relationships.(社会学家William H. Whyte 在《小城市空间的社会生活》中观察到，即使是一个小摊
贩也能把一个街角变成一个小社区，这证明小空间有助于建立大关系。)”可知，摊位起到了社交聚集点的
作用。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Urban experts emphasize the power of design. Jane Jacobs’ “frequent streets”
prioritize daily interactions, while Edward T. Hall’s research shows seating arrangements affect social dynamics.(城
市专家强调设计的力量。Jane Jacobs 的“多而密的街道”优先考虑日常互动，而Edward T. Hall 的研究表明，
座位安排会影响社交动态。)”可知，Jane Jacobs 和Edward T. Hall 强调了街道设计的影响。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So they should address these through comprehensive design: protecting
spaces from bad elements, reducing traffic jams, and ensuring access for everyone. Taking care of them is also
important, as well-designed spaces do well only when they are kept up.(因此，他们应该通过综合设计来解决这
些问题：保护空间免受不良因素的影响，减少交通拥堵，确保人人都能进入。照顾好它们也很重要，因为
只有精心维护，设计良好的空间才能发挥作用。)”可知，作者写最后一段的主要目的是提出建议。故选
D。
25.（2026·辽宁省名校联盟高三联考）I have been studying the French language for three years. This field
of study has been the hardest but most precious of my life. I would put it above the study of writing simply because
I started writing as a 6-year-old boy under my mother’s guidance. I always “felt” I could write. I did not always
“feel” I could study a foreign language effectively.
But here I am, right now, in a French hotel. I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went
to get lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words
are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each
misstep, I find my way more clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French novels; I didn’t feel it at school. I just felt
it when I first arrived Paris.
I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any reality. The fear of making
mistakes feeds the hopelessness and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the
feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The
transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey.
Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel a
bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious,
for they remind me of how far I’ve come. They are not the norm (常态), though. The truth is, the lows are what I
encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better
versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these laws that I am constantly learning and growing.
1．How does the author feel about making mistakes in French?
A．Awkward.
B．Hopeless.
C．Competent.
D．Rewarding.
2．Why does the author emphasize feelings?
A．To highlight his struggles in learning French.
B．To show that positive thinking can drive growth.
C．To illustrate that people should follow their hearts.
D．To clarify his experience in mindset transformation.
3．According to the author, what is the real challenge in learning a language?
A．Mastering complicated grammar.
B．Overcoming the fear of making mistakes.
C．Finding enough time to study.
D．Understanding native speakers.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The lows are always followed by highs. B．Feeling confident should be made a norm.
C．Struggles are an essential part of learning.
D．The ups are the real times when learning occurs.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过介绍自己学法语的经历论述了学习过程中的挣扎、错误以及与成长
的关系。这些经历对个人学习成长很关键。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went to get
lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are
perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each
misstep, I find my way more clearly. (在边境，我用法语进行了登记入住，吃午饭的时候也说了法语。但我表
达起来并不流利，有时会听错单词，也不能很好地运用复杂的语法结构。不过我的话语内容清晰易懂，也
能达到预期的效果。我感觉就像往常一样，自己仿佛置身于黑暗之中，但每走错一步，我的方向就会更加
清晰起来)”可知，作者认为在法语上犯错能让自己更清楚前进方向，所以对犯错持积极态度。D 项表示
“值得的”，与推断相吻合。故选D 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any
reality. The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that
is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that
make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey.
(我之所以强调情感，是因为在学习过程中情感与任何现实因素一样重要。对犯错误的恐惧滋养了绝望，使
学习者放弃。学习语言本身并不难。难的是你当下所处状态下的自我认知，以及那种对自身永远无法改变
的悲观看法，这些造成了学习的困难。将挣扎转化为成长的过程，才是真正能让学习成为改变人生的旅
程)”可知，作者强调情感是因为它很重要，将挣扎转化为成长，是正向积极的情感，促使学习变成改变人
生的旅程。故选B 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at
the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. (学习语言本身并不难。难的
是你当下所处状态下的自我认知，以及那种对自身永远无法改变的悲观看法，这些造成了学习的困难)”可
知，作者认为真正的挑战不是语言本身，而是对犯错的恐惧和对自我能力的悲观信念。故选B 项。
4．推理判断题。根据末段中的“The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the
learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through
these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. (事实是，低谷是我更常遇到的。它们是学习过程的一部
分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长)”可推断，
作者认为低谷是学习过程中的重要部分。C 项表示“挣扎是学习过程中不可或缺的一部分”符合推断，故
选C 项。
26.（2026·北京市中国人民大学附属中学高三检测）The industrial revolution was one of the most
important events in human history. Over a handful of decades, technological breakthroughs kicked economic output
off its centuries-long low plateau and sent populations, living standards and life expectancy soaring. Yet for all its
vital importance, there is still disagreement over why all this took off.
One of the most compelling arguments comes from US economic historian Robert Allen, who argues that
Britain’s successes in commerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy costs down, creating
strong incentives to substitute energy and capital for labor and to mechanize manufacturing processes. Others place
greater emphasis on the role of UK institutions, while some argue that innovative ideas emerged as a result of
increasing interactions among growing and densifying populations.
Another interesting theory is that of economic historian Joel Mokyr, who argues that it was broader cultural
change that laid the groundwork for the industrial revolution. Prominent British thinkers including Francis Bacon
and Isaac Newton championed a progress-oriented view of the world, centered on the idea that science and
experimentation were key to increasing human wellbeing.
While persuasive, Mokyr’s theory has until recently been only that: a theory. But a fascinating paper
published last month puts some evidence behind the argument. The researchers analyzed the contents of 173,031
books printed in England between 1500 and 1900, tracking how the frequency of different terms changed over
time. They found a marked increase in the use of terms related to progress and innovation starting in the early 17th
century.
Extending the same analysis to the present, a striking picture emerges: over the past 60 years the west has
begun to shift away from the culture of progress, and towards one of caution, worry and risk-aversion, with
economic growth slowing over the same period. The frequency of terms related to progress, improvement and the
future has dropped by about 25 percent since the 1960s, while those related to threats, risks and worries have
become several times more common. That simultaneous rise in language associated with caution could well be not
a coincidence but an equal and opposite force acting against growth and progress.
Ruxandra Teslo, one of a growing community of progress-focused writers at the Nexus of science,
economics and policy, argues that the growing skepticism around technology and the rise in zero-sum thinking in
modern society is one of the defining ideological challenges of our time.
Some may counter that a rebalancing of priorities from perpetual advancement to caution is a good thing, but
this could be a catastrophic mistake. As well as economic growth, the drive for progress brought us modern
medicine, significantly longer and healthier lives, plentiful food supplies, dramatic reductions in poverty, and ever
more and ever cheaper renewable energy. The challenges facing the modern world will be solved by more focus on
progress, not less. If we are to avoid backsliding, advocates for innovation, growth and abundance must defeat the
doomers.
1．What is suggested about the industrial revolution from the first two paragraphs?
A．Its cause is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate.
B．Its progress triggered Britain’s institutional reforms.
C．Its success is mainly due to British economic policies.
D．Its innovations increased interactions among populations
2．Which of the following is true of Mokyr’s theory?
A．It owes the industrial revolution to commercial success.
B．Its persuasiveness is supported by abundant evidence.
C．It stresses the role of cultural change in promoting progress.
D．Its focus is on the impact of science upon cultural change.
3．Ruxandra Teslo argues that modern society is ________.
A．increasingly focused on technological advances
B．prioritizing economic growth over science
C．struggling with technological skepticism
D．being shaped by multiple ideologies
4．What might be the best title for this article?
A．The Industrial Revolution: Key Inventions and Economic Impact
B．Progress Culture: Its Role in History and Risks of Decline Today
C．Debating Technological Skepticism: Pros and Cons of Caution
D．How Economic Growth Slows: Analyzing 60 Years of Data
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨工业革命的成因及相关理论，还分析当下西方社会“进步文化”衰
退现象，并强调重视进步对解决现代挑战的重要性。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Yet for all its vital importance, there is still disagreement over why all this
took off.(然而，尽管它至关重要，人们对这一切为何会发生仍存在分歧。)”以及第二段中的“One of the
most compelling arguments comes from US economic historian Robert Allen, who argues that Britain’s successes
in commerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy costs down, creating strong incentives to
substitute energy and capital for labor and to mechanize manufacturing processes. Others place greater emphasis on
the role of UK institutions, while some argue that innovative ideas emerged as a result of increasing interactions
among growing and densifying populations.(最有说服力的观点之一来自美国经济历史学家罗伯特·艾伦，他认
为英国在16 和17 世纪的商业成功推高了工资，降低了能源成本，从而产生了用能源和资本替代劳动力以
及实现制造流程机械化的强烈动机。另一些人则更强调英国制度的作用，而有些人则认为，创新思想是在
不断增长和密集的人口之间互动增加的结果。)”可知，对于工业革命的起因，不同学者有不同观点，说明
其成因仍是学术界持续争论的话题。故选A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Another interesting theory is that of economic historian Joel Mokyr, who
argues that it was broader cultural change that laid the groundwork for the industrial revolution.(另一个有趣的理
论来自经济历史学家乔尔·莫基尔，他认为是更广泛的文化变革为工业革命奠定了基础。)”可知，莫基尔的
理论强调了文化变革在推动工业革命（进步）中的作用。故选C 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Ruxandra Teslo, one of a growing community of progress-focused writers at
the Nexus of science, economics and policy, argues that the growing skepticism around technology and the rise in
zero-sum thinking in modern society is one of the defining ideological challenges of our time.(鲁克桑德拉·特斯洛
是科学、经济和政策交汇领域中日益壮大的关注进步的作家群体之一，她认为，现代社会中对技术日益增
长的怀疑态度以及零和思维的兴起，是我们这个时代标志性的意识形态挑战之一。)”可知，鲁克桑德拉·特
斯洛认为现代社会正受技术怀疑主义的困扰。故选C 项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段引出工业革命及其成因争议，第二、三段介绍不同学者对工业革命成
因的理论（尤其莫基尔强调的文化变革），第四段用研究证据支持莫基尔理论中“进步文化”的作用，第
五至七段转而分析当下西方“进步文化”衰退、谨慎文化兴起的现象及危害，并强调重视进步的重要性。
因此“进步文化：其在历史中的作用及如今衰退的风险”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选B
项。
27.（湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2025-2026 学年高三上学期开学）If someone asked whether you like the
arts, you’d probably say you do at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the
arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences”. However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017;
23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind.
The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving
our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even
before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play.
Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the
opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and
meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing the arts the same way you make time for work and
exercise and family commitments, I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time
when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness struck as you emerged from a narrow
side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They
probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in
smoggy air.
If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to experience and participate in, you
might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and
more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave
the arts into your everyday life.
1．What prevents people from enjoying the arts according to the text?
A．Lack of interest.
B．Avoidance of duty.
C．Shortage of time.
D．Art space inaccessibility.
2．What can we learn about the role of the arts according to the text?
A．They explore mysteries of life.
B．They spark emotional responses.
C．They enhance physical well-being.
D．They offer a getaway from daily life.
3．What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph?
A．Barriers to combine the arts and life.
B．Benefits of engaging with the arts.
C．Forms of distracting pleasures.
D．Ways to integrate the arts into daily routine.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．The Arts Journey: Refreshing Soul
B．The Arts Pursuit: Transforming Dull into Full
C．Embracing the Arts: From Luxury to Necessity
D．Connecting with the Arts: From Reality to Fantasy
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们因日常责任而缺少时间享受艺术，但应将艺术视为必需
品融入生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-
to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed.(这种不匹配可以归结为一个事实，即我们被日常责任压得
喘不过气来，使得我们的日程安排得很满)”可知，是缺少时间阻止了人们享受艺术。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe
your dizziness struck as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city. There you found yourself in a
beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a
lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.(想想你听到一首音乐想哭的时候。或者，当你从一个陌
生城市的狭窄小巷中走出来时，你可能会感到头晕目眩。在那里，你发现自己置身于一个美丽的城市广场，
仿佛置身于幻想之中。它们可能刺激了突然的觉醒，就像在吸入烟雾弥漫的空气后，吸入满满一口纯氧所
带来的震撼一样)”可知，艺术能激起情感反应。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave
the arts into your everyday life.(然后制定一个你的艺术接触之旅的时间表，逐渐把艺术融入你的日常生活)”
可推知，下文可能会讲述把艺术融入日常生活的方法。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“If you are among the people who feel that the arts are pure pleasures to
experience and participate in, you might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat the arts less
like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity.(如果你觉得艺术是一种纯粹的乐趣，可
以去体验和参与，那么你可能会把它们视为奢侈品，而更好的态度是把艺术不那么看作是一种分散注意力
的乐趣，而更多地看作是锻炼或睡眠，是一种必需品)”，并结合文章主要讲述了人们因日常责任而缺少时
间享受艺术，但应将艺术视为必需品融入生活。可知，C 选项“拥抱艺术：从奢侈品到必需品”最符合文
章标题。故选C。
28.（2026·广东深圳高级中学高三上学期开学）Will artificial intelligence (AI) replace my job? This is a
question that many people think about these days. At present, the application of AI robotics in professional fields,
as well as ChatGPT’s abilities to write essays, solve complex problems and more, have heightened moral concerns.
Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI
will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than
humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of
human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own
boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain.
Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role
it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it
from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which
enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid
AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster.
The AI-driven new industrial revolution is irreversible. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes
that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was
able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to
worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the
AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown.
1．What does the author imply about AI’s future?
A．It will be too complex to control.
B．It depends on human innovation.
C．It will be regulated more strictly.
D．It may outperform the human brain.
2．How can we prevent AI’s potential threat?
A．By stirring emotions.
B．By blocking functions.
C．By setting restrictions.
D．By changing regulations.
3．What does the underlined word “irreversible” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Undesirable.
B．Unavoidable.
C．Unpredictable.
D．Unbelievable.
4．What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era?
A．Deal with it positively.
B．Accept it passively.
C．Respond to it randomly.
D．Defend it unconditionally.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了人工智能（AI）是否会取代人类工作这一问题，分析了人们对AI
的不同看法，强调了人类对AI 发展的主导作用以及应对AI 时代的正确态度。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the
challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other
words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain. (但考虑到技术是人类
文明的产物，人工智能带来的挑战是我们自己在不断突破自身界限时创造的。换句话说，人工智能的进步、
功能和未来方向都是由人类大脑决定的。)”可知，作者认为人工智能的未来取决于人类的创新。故选B 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit
society and prevent it from threatening human life. (更重要的是，相关法律法规必须确保人工智能造福社会，
防止其威胁人类生命。)”以及“Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. (没有法律限制，人
工智能可能会成为一场社会灾难。)”可知，我们可以通过制定法律限制（设置约束）来防止人工智能的潜
在威胁。故选C 项。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后一句“This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been
unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. (和之前的工业革命一样，这将肯定会影响人类
就业，之前的工业革命带来了以前难以想象的变化。)”可知，人工智能驱动的新工业革命和之前的工业革
命一样，是不可避免的，且会影响人类就业。由此可推知，划线单词irreversible 意为“不可避免的”，与
Unavoidable 意思相近。故选B 项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While
technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding
for fear of the unknown. (因此，没有必要担心人工智能会取代我们的工作。虽然技术进步迅速，但我们需要
做的是欢迎人工智能时代的到来，而不是因为害怕未知而阻止它的发展。)”可推知，作者建议读者积极应
对人工智能时代的到来。故选A 项。
29.（2026·湖北省武汉市硚口区高三质量检测）In 1910, the Los Angeles Times ran a story about a boy
tasked with opening a valve (阀门) on a steam-powered water pump to release built - up pressure. His entire job
was staring at the machines all day, an incredibly boring task. The “lazy” boy, however, invented an automatic
release that let the pump run properly, winning his freedom — and in doing so, creating the first automatic steam
engine.
Though the story may be fictional, the boy’s behavior reflects a deeper truth: When we feel lazy, we often
look for easier ways, trying to improve processes and save time and effort. In other words, laziness can drive
innovation.
In recent years, some psychologists and business leaders have come to grasp this insight, shifting our view of
what laziness really means. Walter Chrysler is said to have noted: “I always choose a lazy person to do a hard job
because a lazy person will find an easy way to do it.”
Our brains are naturally inclined toward laziness. Unlike our ancestors, who had to conserve energy to
compete for food, flee predators, and fight, we no longer face survival as a daily concern. It might seem natural to
be “lazier,” but the opposite has happened. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Americans now sleep
less and work more than before; worker productivity has risen 400 percent since 1950. Our culture teaches us that
our worth depends on how hard we work. So we push even harder to produce more.
Yet there’s a big, sad paradox: The harder we work, the less productive we become. When demands rise, we
tend to push harder. But without rest and recharge, we grow less efficient, make more mistakes, and feel less
engaged.
So how can we make labor more meaningful and life more fulfilling? Current research in psychology and
neuroscience points to valuing a wandering mind. Take breaks, let thoughts drift — learn to be idle. This week,
notice downtime in your day, empty spaces on your calendar. Instead of filling them with more work, just sit on the
sofa and be, as poet Mary Oliver put it, “idle and blessed.”
1．What is the author’s attitude to the boy opening the valve?
A．Dismissive.
B．Supportive.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Doubtful.
2．What can be concluded from paragraph 4?
A．Contemporary society respects creativity.
B．Americans are living a worse life than before.
C．Our ancestors considered work unbearable.
D．People nowadays still need to struggle with poverty.
3．What does the underlined word “paradox” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Wild imagination.
B．Unclear explanation.
C．Strange contradiction.
D．Rare phenomenon.
4．What is the author’s purpose writing the text?
A．Compare the old and new views on laziness.
B．Criticize irresponsible attitude towards hard work.
C．Advise people to abandon the value of hard work.
D．Inspire people to stay refreshed for better work and life.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章借男孩发明自动蒸汽发动机的故事引出“懒惰能驱动创新”观点，指出
当下人们虽大脑倾向懒惰却工作更努力，陷入努力工作但效率降低的矛盾，建议人们学会休息放空，让工
作和生活更有意义。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Though the story may be fictional, the boy’s behavior reflects a deeper truth:
When we feel lazy, we often look for easier ways, trying to improve processes and save time and effort. In other
words, laziness can drive innovation. (虽然这个故事可能是虚构的，但这个男孩的行为反映了一个更深层次的
事实：当我们感到懒惰时，我们通常会寻找更简单的方法，试图改善流程，节省时间和精力。换句话说，
懒惰可以推动创新。)”可推断作者对男孩这种看似懒惰实则创新的行为是支持的。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Our brains are naturally inclined toward laziness. Unlike our ancestors, who had
to conserve energy to compete for food, flee predators, and fight, we no longer face survival as a daily concern. It
might seem natural to be “lazier,” but the opposite has happened. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Americans now sleep less and work more than before; worker productivity has risen 400 percent since 1950. Our
culture teaches us that our worth depends on how hard we work. So we push even harder to produce more. (我们的
大脑天生就倾向于懒惰。与我们的祖先不同，他们必须保存能量来争夺食物，逃离掠食者，并进行战斗，
我们不再把生存作为日常关注的问题。“更懒”似乎很自然，但事实恰恰相反。根据美国劳工统计局的数
据，美国人现在比以前睡得更少，工作得更多；自1950 年以来，工人的生产率提高了400%。我们的文化
告诉我们，我们的价值取决于我们工作的努力程度。因此，我们更加努力地生产更多产品。)”指出美国人
睡眠更少、工作时间更长且生产率激增但文化过度推崇“价值取决于努力工作”。此现象暗示生活压力增
大，所以美国人的生活比以前更糟糕。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The harder we work, the less productive we become. (我们工作越努力，效
率却越低)”可知，工作越努力，效率却越低，是一种奇怪的矛盾情况，所以“paradox”意思是“Strange
contradiction (奇怪的矛盾)”，故选C。
4．推理判断题。文章先阐述懒惰能驱动创新，接着指出人们工作中努力却低效的问题，再根据最后一段
“So how can we make labor more meaningful and life more fulfilling? Current research in psychology and
neuroscience points to valuing a wandering mind. Take breaks, let thoughts drift — learn to be idle. This week,
notice downtime in your day, empty spaces on your calendar. Instead of filling them with more work, just sit on the
sofa and be, as poet Mary Oliver put it, “idle and blessed.” (那么，我们怎样才能让劳动更有意义，让生活更充
实呢？目前心理学和神经科学的研究表明，人们重视走神。休息一下，让思绪飘散——学会闲散。这周，
注意你一天中的休息时间，日历上的空白时间。与其用更多的工作填满它们，不如坐在沙发上，像诗人玛
丽·奥利弗所说的那样，“悠闲而幸福”)”可推断作者目的是激励人们保持精神饱满，以获得更好的工作和
生活。故选D。
1.【2021 新课标I 卷】
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional ( 情感的) intelligence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far
beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis ( 重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule.
B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact.
D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.
B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public.
B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】32.D 33.B 34. A 35.B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的观点，同
时提出了对情商研究的未来期望。
32. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost
everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation,
confidence, mental stability, optimism and ‘people skills’.”可知，许多人误把情商理解为一个人的性格中无法
被智商测试所衡量的几乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人的积极的品质。
33. B。推理判断题。第二段首句“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can
be used for either good or bad purposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这
一概念的解释。
34. A。推理判断题。根据题干中的“the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence”可定位
到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what
research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”可知，
作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“ The most positive aspect of this popularization...” 和“ The
popularization of emotional intelligence has helped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。
35. B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is
desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.”
可知，虽然情商的持续流行吸引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研
究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的“It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new
perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.”可知，我们希望在未来的数十年后，科
学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是对未来研究的期望。
2.【2021 全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet
afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer:
absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
32. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.
B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective.
D. They're strict.
33. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
34. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上
“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
32. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“ It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the
standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or
people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写
的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人
——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱
乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。
33. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six
they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们
是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推
知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。
34. A 。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“ In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all
positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地
都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。
35. B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和
最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and
simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创
造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以
是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B 项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。
3.【2021 天津卷】
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of
things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation,
branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less
and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing
levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also
weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and
realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled
to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold
back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its
connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into
specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who
can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your
interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor
Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by
the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese
philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the
interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad,
general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
51. To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A. narrow his range of knowledgeB. avoid responsibilities at work
C. know more about the society
D. broaden his perspective on life
52. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A. treasure their freedom
B. travel around the world
C. spend most time working D. enjoy meeting funny people
53. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A. is fully aware of his talent and ability
B. is a pure specialist in medicine
C. should love poetry and philosophy D. brings knowledge of other fields to work
54. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
55. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D. Ways to Become a Generalist
【答案】51. A 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. A
【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
51.推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or
research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专
家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越
多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩
小他的知识范围。故选A。
52.细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.
…These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继
日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间
在工作上。故选C。
53.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one
who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一
位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将
其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
54.推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in
all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you
discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的
一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni 的
例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese
history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn
more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni 也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历
史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推
断，作者想通过Toni 的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选
D。
55.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a
specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“ The drawback to being
specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常
对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of
subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从
整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a
Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。
4.【2019 天津卷】
Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle
against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison.
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why
do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about
those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on
growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization
and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn,
the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we
can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never
going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to
have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something
larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral
concept.
Many of us equate(视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.
But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such
excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of
people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity.
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
55. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. A
【解析】
这是一篇议论文，本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
51.推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在
53 岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，
年龄也是如此，故选B。
52.词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m
talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and
opinions that all too often come with passing years.可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论
那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam 可知，停止学习，故选D。
53.推理判断题。根据第四段中But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去
了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知机会总是留给那些有好奇心的人，故选C。
54.推理判断题。根据第五段We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We
learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but
is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去
取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知本段作
者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。
55.主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了
指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。
5.【2025 全国一卷】
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show
declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic
on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book
Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the
role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for
new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian
journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her
local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor
(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in
Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were
completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.
In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate
of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really
recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of
Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1?
A. Cars often get stuck on the road.
B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more.
D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do?
A. Keep their cities livable.
B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.
D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Why the Rush?
B. What’s Next?
C. Where to Stay?
D. Who to Blame?
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿
童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent
years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many
parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into
the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤
其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车
里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
29. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to
Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its
proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a
decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20 世纪50 年代初举家迁往曼
哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane
Jacobs 呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道” )”可推知，加拿大记者
和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the
majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on
roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设
计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20 世纪60 年代末和70 年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻
止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we
fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move
safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正
的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价
吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A 项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”
质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
6.【2024 全国甲卷】
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and
I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by
George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it
beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the
characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a
traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver,
but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I
wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t
guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction.
Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You
have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits
what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for
whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try
to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see
what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it
might provide what you need to get there.
32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel.
B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.
33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by character.
C. Each type of literature has its unique end.
D. A story which begins well will end well.
34. What is expected of a good ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste.
B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination.
35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine.
D. To recommend their new books.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐
述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志
如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my
junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished
reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his
patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大
学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治•艾略特的
《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可
知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A 项。
33.推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way
again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted
an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen,
historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样
的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到
的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，
见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C 项。
34.推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so
much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come
from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为
结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适
合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是
符合故事的发展。故选B 项。
35.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how
to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks
down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final
chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就
是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果
是短篇小说，彼得•蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白•西姆
斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”
可知，作者提到彼得•蒙福德和伊丽莎白•西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写
出更好的结尾。故选B 项。
7.【2023 全国乙卷】
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many
literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts, but the objects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A. His report was scientific.
B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay.
D. His record was one-sided.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem.
B. History.
C. Voice.
D. Society.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳
入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not
privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had
texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and
until fairly recently even many literate ( 有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in
things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，
因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚
的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”
可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some
chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本
和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作
者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文
“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian
side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方
面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是
一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，
只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所
有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通
过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我
们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of
that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅
要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，
如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation 指的是“历史”。
故选B。
35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not
privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had
texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一
部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而
世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that
conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读
文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史
就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100 件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
8.【2022 北京卷】
Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how
quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges
with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps
keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies
have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is
the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.
“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度)” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic
B. unconcerned
C. doubtful
D. excited
32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics.
B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum.
D. The investment of tech companies.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open.
B. Cool.
C. Useful.
D. Resistant.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【答案】31 A32. C33. A34. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克
里斯•约翰逊和物理学家菲利普•泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31.推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may
mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers
can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着
量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的
工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最
后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约
翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic 同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned 不关心的；C. doubtful 怀疑
的；D. excited 激动的。故选A。
32.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (
幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have
been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time
quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度
上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问
题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做
法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum 的信心。故选C。
33.词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”
（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone 被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应
该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解
的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone 意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B.
Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
34.主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many
smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to
turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（现在，大
型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们
“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一
段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum 真的能像
泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投
资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像
它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯•约翰逊和物理学家菲利普•泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
9.【2022 天津卷】
Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make
some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow
perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A
good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our
character, principles, ideals, and relationships.
What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a
destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their
happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only
when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work
accordingly to create a better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty,
we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only
enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently,
our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others
also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.
If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move;
if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right
knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the
impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?
A. Making us simple-minded.
B. Making us short-sighted.
C. Leading us onto a busy road.
D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?
A. Through maintaining good health.
B. By going through pain and suffering.
C. By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D. Through offering help much needed by others.
53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________.
A. less selfish.
B. less annoying.
C. more motivated.
D. more responsible.
54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?
A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world.
B. When our love for the world is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind to the reality.
55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________.
A. inspired by love and guided by knowledge
B. directed by love and pushed by knowledge
C. purified by love and enriched by knowledge
D. promoted by love and defined by knowledge
【答案】51 B52. D53. C54. A55. A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生
而有益。
51.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is
sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导
致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我
们目光短浅、短视。故选B 项。
52.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in
return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因
为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D 项。
53.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we
do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的
事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做
某件事，做事越有动力。故选C 项。
54.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危
险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的
结局。故选A 项。
55.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing
good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱
和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A 项。
10.【2020 北京卷】
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms(算法)carry out huge volumes
of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are
translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we
humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is
something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong”
or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence(AGI). In some respects, today's powerful
computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the
clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the
development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we're successful,” their mission statement reads,
“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an
imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra- intelligent machine…
that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest
that “the first ultra -intelligent machine "could be “the last invention that man need ever make."
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by
many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does
eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with
recognisably human motivations such as aggression ( 敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University
philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn
against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities
presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's
foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever:
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?
A. Enormous in quantity.
B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality.
D. Present everywhere.
43. What could A GI do for us, according to its supporters?
A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.
44. As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.
A. supportive
B. disapproving
C. fearful
D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about A GI from the passage?
A. It may be only a dream.
B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans.
D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A
这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。
42.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on
our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one
language into another(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我
们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，
划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D 选项“Present
everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D 项。
43.细节理解题。根据第二段AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all
available data, could suggest solutions to many problems(AGI 的倡导者说，AGI 可以24 小时为我们工作，并
利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用
人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A 选项“Help to tackle problems(帮助
解决问题)”符合题意。故选A 项。
44.推理判断题。根据第三段Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even
probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-
intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.”(自从
人工智能的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965 年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文·古德预言，最终将创
造出一台“超智能机器……它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”)可知，作者认为
Irving Good 对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B 项
“disapproving(不赞成)”符合题意。故选B 项。
45.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I
believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever. (而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的
人工智能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI)可推断出，通用人工智能
（AGI）或许只是一个梦想，A 选项“It may be only a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A
项。
11.【2019 全国III 卷】
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief
creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-
inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese
aesthetics( 美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The
exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —
they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China;
some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason
Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most
famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just
another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about
China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally
acknowledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks.
B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion.
B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models.
D. They do business all over the world.
26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from
B. looking down on
C. working with
D. competing against
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
【答案】24. B25. A26. D27. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚界的影响。
24.细节理解题。根据第三段中The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in
Chinese influences.可知，此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。故
选B。
25.细节理解题。根据第四段中Hill 所说的话“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —
they are central to its movement.”(中国模特是向世界各地的女性推销梦想的美丽和时尚运动的面孔，这意味
着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。)可知，Hill 说中国女性正在引领新时尚，
故选A。
26.词义猜测题。根据下文and beating them hands down in design and sales 说在设计和销售上击败他们，由此
推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs 的意思是Vera
Wang、Alexander Wang 和Jason Wu 正在与Galliano、Albaz 和 Mare Jacobs 竞争。taking on 意思是“竞争”，
故选D。
27.主旨大意题。本文通过Amanda Hill 的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚
中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。故选
D。
12.【2018 北京卷】
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from
materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles
began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the
way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.
California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities
across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it
takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse,
depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),
policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排
放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make
sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where
most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed
highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They
take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for
parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.
The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have
already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars
worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%
and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure( 基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and
cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be
fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance
issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become
comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t
extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological
advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more
people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.
【答案】47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
47.推理判断题。根据第二段While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless
cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic
jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.可知，政策制定者应该讨论无
人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多
关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。
48.推理判断题。根据文章第一段But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our
transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. 可
知，不管花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如
何这种转变如何被规范，再根据文章最后一句话The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.可
知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。
49.词义猜测题。根据第四段The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by
ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责
任与维护问题).可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服
务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A. Employed 被应用；B. Replaced 被取代；C. Shared 被分享；D.
Reduced 被减少。故选A。
50.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and
states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future
is coming. We just have to plan for it.中的 advancement，move more people, and more affordably.以及plan for it
可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。
点睛：根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和
情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词
句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、
中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。
如本题最后一题为观点态度题，根据文中reduce carbon emissions，cut the cost of transportation
infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% ，appealing，comfortable，advancement，move more people, and
more affordably.，等词汇可以推断出作者对无人驾驶汽车持积极态度。故选B。
