重难点01 攻克动词的时态和语态
考点
五年考情（2021-2025）
命题趋势
考点1 考查动词时态语态用法，且
句中有明确的时间状语提示
（5 年9 考）
2025 全国I 卷—are revealed;
2024 浙江1 月卷—have started;
2023 北京卷—has established;
2022 北京卷—has been;
2022 新课标I 卷—were;
2022 全国甲卷—has walked;
2021 北京卷—has increased;
2022 浙江1 月卷—has promised;
2021 全国甲卷—was built。
1.重点考查掌握一般过去
时和现在完成时的时间状
语标志。
2.间或考查固定句型中的
时态和语态，如It is the
first time that…等。
3.考查主从复合句时态照
应问题。
4.考查充分利用前后句和
上下句语篇逻辑关系判断
动词时态语态。
5.考查含有情态动词的被
动语态用法。
6.考查运用关键词和特定
语境综合判断动词时态语
态能力。
考点2 考查动词时态语态用法，且
有固定句型限制或暗示（5 年2
考）
2022 新课标II 卷—was fixing;
2022 北京卷-caught;
考点3 考查动词时态语态用法，且
2024 新课标II 卷—were；
内容导航
速度提升
技巧掌握
手感养成
重难考向聚焦
锁定目标 精准打击：本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是动词的时态和语态，梳理近3 年高考该
题型的重难考点分布（如2025 年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空占比13%）
重难技巧突破
授予利器 瓦解难点： 1.充分利用前后句和上下句语篇逻辑关系判断动词时态语态
2.考查运用关键词和特定语境综合判断动词时态语态能力
重难保分练
稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦5 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值
重难抢分练
突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦5 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数
重难冲刺练
模拟实战 挑战顶尖：挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。
需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应
（5 年7 考）
2024 新课标II 卷—was built
2024 全国甲卷—were;
2023 新课标II 卷—wished;
2023 全国乙卷--was amazed;
2023 北京卷—threw;
2023 北京卷—had arrived
考点4 考查动词时态语态用法，且
需要考虑语境整体时态
（5 年8 考）
2024 新课标I 卷—walks;
2022 浙江卷—noticed;
2022 北京卷—has;
2022 新课标I 卷—is designed;
2021 新课标II 卷—was;
2021 全国甲卷—hired;
2021 浙江1 月卷—is considered;
2021 浙江卷—was painted;。
考点5 考查情态动词在被动语态用
法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形
基本用法（5 年4 考）
2024 全国甲卷—should be done;
2024 浙江1 月卷—could be offered;
2023 全国甲卷—can be employed;
2022 浙江卷—can be appreciated。
考点一：考查动词时态、语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示。
1. (2025 年全国高考英语I 卷）“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s
weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
答案：are revealed
解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给
对手。”本句中空处用于直接引语中，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’
personalities 与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，
be 动词用are。故填are revealed。
与一般现在时连用的典型时间状语
1. 表示频率的副词：说明动作发生的频繁程度，通常放在实义动词之前，或be 动词、助动词之后。
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, never ......
2.
“
”
表示每隔一段时间的短语：通常放在句首或句末。every day / week / month / year, once a day / week
/ month, twice a day / week / month, on Mondays / weekends, in the morning(s)/ afternoon(s)/ evening(s) ......
3.
“
”
与习惯相关的表达：这些固定搭配，常用于描述个人习惯。as a rule, I tend to... 来表达习惯。
2. (2024 年全国高考英语II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspired) by The Peony
Pavilion, (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
答案：was built
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅
十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，
本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以
用被动语态。故填was built。
与一般过去时连用的典型时间状语
1. yesterday 类---yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning / afternoon / evening……
2. last 类---last Friday, last week, last month, last summer, last year……
3. ago 类---a moment ago, ten minutes ago, five hours ago, two weeks ago, three years ago, a long time
ago……
4. 固定短语类---the other day, just now……
5. in+过去时间---in 1976, in 2016, in the 19th century……
6. on +具体某天: on Monday, on May 1st, on that day, on the morning of June 10th
7. at +具体钟点: at 5 o‘clock, at noon, at that time
3.（2024 浙江1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in
packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
答案：have started
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分
成两份。分析句子结构可知，空白处应为谓语动词，句首有时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，而且
主语是复数形式，此处应用现在完成时。动词start 意为“开始”。故填have started。
与现在完成时连用的典型标志
1.副词类---before, already, just, never, ever, yet, lately, recently……
2.短语类---how long ......, since+过去时间点, for+一段时间……
3.短语类：in the past five days, over the last few years, during the 21st century, all my life…
4. “迄今为止”短语类---so far, up to now, until / till now, to date
5.句型类---It / This is the first time that…; It / This the best / worst / most +名词+that…
考点二：考查动词时态、语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示。
4.（2022 新课标II 卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
答案：was fixing
【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的
when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was / were doing…when…”句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时
(突然……)”。设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实，应该用过去进行时。故填was
fixing。
与when 有关的高频句型
1. was / were doing…when…某人正在做某事这时……
2. was about to do...when…某人正要做某事这时……
3. was on the point of doing...when…某人正要做某事这时……
4. had done…when…某人刚刚做了某事这时……
5. hardly…when…刚一……就……
5.（2021 年6 月浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and
_________ (sell) most of their furniture.
答案：sold
【解析】考查动词。句意：1861 年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成
分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented 一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861 可知，此处用一般过去时态，提
示词sell 的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
与and 有关的两个高频句型
1. A and B （并列名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、谓语动词……）
2. A, B and C （并列谓语动词、动名词…）
考点三：考查动词时态、语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。
5.（2024 新课标II 卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about _________ (be) also Shakespeare’s
concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways (to)
Romeo and Juliet.”
答案：were
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧
《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态
可知，本空时态应该用一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数名词。故填were。
6.（2024 全国甲卷）They ___________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five
awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
答案：were
考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15 人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自
然美景。本空前They 指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870 年，同时联系后文had spent 的过去完成时可
知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
考点四：考查动词时态、语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。
7. （2025 年全国高考I 卷）“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s
weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
答案：are revealed
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对
手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities 与动词reveal“揭示，显
示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be 动词用are。故填are
revealed。
8.（2022 年6 月浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)
her smile right away. ” I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
答案：noticed
【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D 版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的
微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
9.（2021 浙江1 月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
答案：is considered
【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and 连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完
整谓语的，BMI 属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。
考点五：考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。
10.（2024 全国甲卷）What should __________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud.
答案：be done
考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what 指物，与谓语动词do
是被动关系，情态动词should 后接be done 构成被动语态，故填be done。
11.（2023 全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still
____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
答案：be employed
解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对
重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form 与employ 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can
后接动词原形。故填be employed。
（建议用时：20 分钟）
【类型一：动词时态和主谓一致】
1. （原创）So far, the government _________ (take) several measures to address the issue, and the result
_________ (be) encouraging.
2.（2025 年全国I 卷）Over the past several months, the company ____________ (conduct) a deeper study.
3. As we know, China’s Belt and Road Initiative ____________ (motivate) more countries to cooperate more
closely so far.
4.（原创）The writer, along with all the editors, ________ (work) from home on Fridays according to the new
policy.
5.（原创）The number of students participating in the contest ________ (increase) rapidly this semester.
【类型二：过去时态综合练（一般过去时+过去进行时+过去完成时+过去将来时）】
6.（原创）I ________ (plan) to go for a run yesterday afternoon, but it ________ (rain) the whole day,
so I decided to stay in.
7. （原创）By the time he ________ (graduate) from college, he ________ (master) three foreign
languages, which impressed all the interviewers.
8.（原创）She ________ (constantly look) for her keys when she remembered that she ________ (leave)
them in the car the previous night.
9.（原创）The scientist announced that his team ________ (make) a major breakthrough in their research,
which ________ (change) the future of medicine.
10.（原创）He promised he ________ (call) me as soon as he ________ (arrive) at the hotel, but he
never did.
【类型三：将来时态综合练（一般将来时+将来进行时+将来完成时）】
11.（原创）This time next week, I _________ (lie) on a beach in Thailand, enjoying the sunshine.
12.（原创）I’m sure it’s going to rain, so I __________ (take) my umbrella with me when I go out.
13.（原创）Don’t call me between 8 and 10 pm tonight, as I ___________ (watch) my favorite TV series then.
14. He _____________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
15. It is reported that by the end of this year, the import of seafood _____________ (drop) by about 10%.
【类型四：各种形式被动语态微练】
16. When clicking on links to dangerous websites or software, you may ___________ (fool) into providing
personal information such as passwords, usernames or financial details.
17.（原创）It was the first time that the patient __________ (inform) about the risks of the surgery so clearly.
【类型五：主动形式被动意义微练】
18. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable
___________ (hold).
19. It was only after he had read the papers that Mr Gross realized that the task was extremely difficult
_____________ (finish).
20.（原创）The homemade cookie ___________ (taste) much better than the store-bought ones.
（建议用时：20 分钟）
【类型一：动词时态和主谓一致】
1.（原创）If he __________ (not get) enough sleep tonight, he will be very tired during the exam tomorrow.
2.（2025 年全国I 卷）It is the second time in a row that Suzhou __________ (top) the ranking.
3. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____________ (establish) a number
of protected areas with mangroves.
4. The seaport, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river, ____________ (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square
miles since it was opened in 1842.
5. （原创）The final term ___________ (start) on September 1st, which means we have only two weeks of
summer vacation left.
【类型二：过去时态综合练（一般过去时+过去进行时+过去完成时+过去将来时）】
6.（原创）He told me that he __________ (prepare) for the upcoming exam all day yesterday.
7. The big fire ___________ (break) out on the morning of April 25, 2005, when most of the villagers
___________ (sleep) soundly then.
8.（原创）She announced that the new library __________ (open) to students in the following week.
9.（原创）It was the second time that week that the internet ____________ (break) down unexpectedly.
10. By Aug 19, Haihua Island _____________ (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation.
【类型三：将来时态综合练（一般将来时+将来进行时+将来完成时）】
11. It was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it _____________ (take) to get there.
12.（原创）She assured me yesterday that she ____________ (help) me with the project, but so far she hasn’t
lifted a finger.
13. I ____________ (intend) to see you off at the airport, but I had an unexpected visitor when I was about to
leave.
14.（原创）Believe it or not, it is the first time that his profound advice ____________ (fail) to guide me through
a dilemma.
15. After visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she
_____________ (eat) in China ever.
【类型四：各种形式被动语态微练】
16.（原创）In the past few decades, great strides ____________ (make) in the field of artificial intelligence.
17. It’s true that inner beauty is important, but external beauty shouldn’t _____________ (overlook).
18. It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which _____________ (locate) in the center of
the city.
【类型五：主动形式被动意义微练】
19. Mrs. Lee wants that kind of cloth because she has been told that it _____________ (wash) very well.
20.（原创）The newly discovered dinosaur bone ___________ (measure) over two meters in length, suggesting it
belonged to a colossal creature.
（建议用时：15 分钟）
一、阅读理解
It’s a familiar scene: You assure your parents you’ll leave for school in “just five minutes”, or confidently plan
to memorize 50 words in an hour. Yet reality hits. You’re ten minutes late, breathless at the classroom’s front door.
And of the fifty words? You managed barely twenty. So why do we keep misjudging time so badly?
You’re not alone, and you’re not simply bad at planning. Most of us suffer from what is called the planning
fallacy (谬误), a concept introduced by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. It describes how we
consistently underestimate the time to complete a task, often accompanied by a failure to account for effort and
risk, even if it contradicts our experiences.
This happens because people tend to imagine the ideal situation and omit real-world challenges. Imagine
trying to finish a math worksheet before evening study session. You picture yourself focused and finishing it in
thirty minutes. But reality is different. You get stuck on a tough problem, look for your textbook, and check your
phone “just once”, and suddenly an hour has passed. Before you know it, you’re rushing to complete the work,
feeling stressed, and worried about how others will perceive your delay.
So, what can you do? First, instead of thinking about the task, use data. Ask: how long did similar tasks take
last time — not just the writing, but the thinking, searching, revising? Second, break big goals into small, more
predictable steps and estimate the duration of each one. It’s easier to estimate “answer the first three multiple-
choice questions” than “finish biology homework”. Third, don’t just add a fixed number to your estimate; adjust by
percentages because larger tasks scale differently. A 10-minute task might need 5 extra minutes while a 2-hour task
might need 30.
The next time you catch yourself thinking “this will just take a few minutes”, pause for a moment and remind
yourself of the planning fallacy. The goal is, however, not to become pessimistic about your capabilities, but to
become realistic about the complexities of the real world. Your future self will thank you.
1. What phenomenon does the planning fallacy mainly describe?
A. Anxiety over future plans.
B. Frequent mistakes in daily life.
C. Misjudgment about task duration.
D. Failure to reflect on past experiences.
2. What does the underlined word “omit” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Meet.
B. Accept.
C. Handle.
D. Ignore.
3. Which of the following is a solution to the planning fallacy?
A. Dividing a project into smaller parts.
B. Doing more research before acting.
C. Adding at least five more minutes to a task.
D. Following the same time estimate as before.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. How Perfectionism Fools Us.
B. Closing the Planning Gap.
C. Why Realism Is So Important.
D. Breaking the Deadline Cycle.
二、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mount Tai, a towering peak in Shandong province, China, is renowned for its steep landscape with over 7,000
steps. Climbing this mountain is challenging, especially for 1 elderly and people with mobility issues.
However, AI-powered exoskeletons (外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler. These robotic legs, 2
(weigh) only 1.8 kilograms, are designed to wrap around users’ waists and thighs, offering assistance 3 (ease)
the burden on legs at the same time. Developed by Taishan Cultural Tourism Group and Kenqing Technology, the
exoskeletons debuted during the Spring Festival, attracting over 200 users. Users
4
(report) feeling like
someone was pulling them uphill, making the climb much easier. However, some users mentioned 5
(convenience) in using the device for activities like tying shoelaces or using the bathroom.
Despite these issues, the exoskeletons are seen
6
a “true blessing” for senior citizens and the mobility-
impaired. This innovation not only aids mountain climbing
7
also highlights potential applications in elderly
care, a growing market in China, 8 the population of seniors is rapidly increasing.
The smart elderly care market was estimated at 6.8 trillion yuan in 2024. Kenqing Technology, the co-
developer, is eyeing this vast market now and has launched an exoskeleton
9
(specific) designed for elderly
users. To fully unlock the potential of elderly care robots, industry insiders told Xinhua News Agency that stronger
policy support is needed to scale up their production while keeping prices 10
(afford) for all.
