2024届高考英语阅读理解解题策略专题一 解读阅读理解易失分点 学案
解读阅读理解易失分点
阅读理解是高考试题中的重头戏，因此阅读理解试题的分数的得失成为高考英语成败
的关键。通过对考生阅读理解失分点进行统计，看出考生的主要失分在以下几个方面。
一、忽视主题 以偏概全
【错点指要】阅读时过以注重细节，忽视作者的写作目的，想当然认为文中能找到的内容
就正确。
【考例再现】
The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products
and services to the attention of people．Throughout history, advertising has been an
effective way to promote(促进)the trading and selling of goods．In the Middle Ages，
merchants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their
goods．When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads)
could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books．
By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read
by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and
services．The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for
advertising .This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started
businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants．
Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century．Ad writers were starting
to pay more attention to the design of the ad text．Everything，from clothes to drinks，
was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm’s name or product
,words organized in eye-catching patterns，the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy
to remember．
Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production
of ads came to be known as“advertising agencies(广告商)”The agencies developed new
ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group．Throughout the
twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism(消费主义)as a way of life，
spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the“right”products.
63 Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A The Story of Advertising
B The Value of Advertising Designs
C The Role of Newspaper Advertising
D The Development of Printing for Advertising
【典型错误】B、C、D三个答案都有可能误选。因为三个答案都符合文章的内容，文章里
涉及到了广告的作用、作用和印刷广告的发展，但是这些都不可以概括全文的意思。
【正确答案】A。主旨大意题。本文介绍广告的由来、发展以及不同时期广告的特点。本
题是主旨大意题，A的意思是“广告的来历”，其中story的意思是“来历”。
【应对策略】此类题型考查考生对文章的领悟和概括能力。所选文章题目应能涵盖文章内
容，体现主题，即不能“太大”，也不可“太小”或过于片面。同学们应注意揣摩作者的
写作意图以及文章的主旨，切忌片面地引申或简单重述文中的某些内容，其实英语跟中文
一样，一篇文章或者段落总是要有一个中心的，获取文章中心思想或段落大意的方法就是
要抓住主题句，因为主题句可以统领选文，细节是为此中心服务的。同时要能从试题中看
出是对主题的考查，从设题的落脚点看命题形式主要有中心思想、标题选择和写作意图三
种。
二、长句误解 曲解原意
【错点指要】对于长难句信息理解产生偏差，与句子的本意有出入。
【考例再现】
Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail
a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources(来源), as well as one of the
oldest. Evidence shows that windmills(风车)began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh
century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s when armies returned from
the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.
For many centuries, people used windmills to grind(磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water
from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in
remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights
and radio. However, by the1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of
the United States, windmills were rarely used.
… …
60. From the text we know that windmills________.
A. were invented by European armiesB. have a history of more than 2,800 years
C. used to supply power to radio in remote areas
D. have rarely been used since electricity was discovered
【典型错误】有同学根据 However, by the1940s when electricity was available to people in
almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.有rarely就行当然选择D，因
为D项既有完成时态，也有rarely。但是原句意思“到20世纪40年代，几乎所有的美国地
区都能使用电了，风车还很少使用”。而D项意思是“自从发现了电，就很少使用风车
了”。也有同学选A，认为该句的first就是暗示，其实with knowledge of using wind power
只说明有使用风能的知识，introduce清楚的说明是“引进”，与试题中的 invented“发
明”出入很大。
【正确答案】C。细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“偏远地区的人们开始用风发电”，
第三句This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.点出本题答案。
【应对策略】英语中的长难句一般结构复杂，句中不仅涉及到多个从句，还涉及到短语、
倒装等。解决的关键是理清句子的关键成分，就是把主干部分和修饰部分剥离开来，使句
子简化，分析修饰成分与被修饰词之间的关系，比对试题中与长难句所表达意义的吻合程
度，从而作出正确判断。
三、定势思维 张冠李戴
【错点指要】干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信
息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
【考例再现】
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes
happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I
see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on
my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because
those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of
others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of
pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show
the kindness that’s in them.
Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drovemore slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding
up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided to do
something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove
on at a really low speed.
No more angry shouts and no more horns!
When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am
weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who
wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead
of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way
weak.
Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way.
But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel
strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.
26. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______.
A. they offer their help B. they receive others’ help
C. they feel others’ kindness D. they show their weakness
29. In this passage, the author advises us to ______.
A. handle problems by ourselves B. accept help from others
C. admit our weakness D. show our bravery
【典型错误26】根据一般观点可以知道通常得到了他人的帮助或者感受到他人的善意应该
是感到高兴的，所以有的考生会想当然的选择 B或者C，认为这是符合常识的答案。D项
容易排除，表现出自己的弱点还高兴不合情理。
【正确答案】A。细节理解题。从第一段的最后两句话可以得出答案，关键是题干问的是
The author has discovered that…，是作者的发现，而不是其他人的观点或者常识问题。从意
思是看出：作者常常得到他人的帮助，同时他也发现，当别人帮助自己的时候，其实助人
者自己也感到高兴。
【典型错误29】时下有很多关于励志教育的灌输，鼓励学生独立、坚强、勇敢，由于大多
数独生子女受到家长过度关爱而导致学生自理能力的缺失，因此培养学生的独立能力是时
下学校教育的一个重要部分。有些考生就会想当然选择A答案，认为应该“自己独立处理
问题”。
【正确答案】C。推理判断题。从文章的3-5段得作者的亲身经历的描述，结合最后一句话More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend
that we are brave when we are scared. “it would be better”表明是作者给读者的建议，后面
的内容表明：更多的时候，我们很有必要把自己脆弱的一面示人，因为只有这样我们才可
以得到帮助。所以C正确。
【应对策略】思维定势主要来自于我们平常所掌握的一些常识性的东西，这些常识应该说
是正确的，对学生有益的，但是考生容易忽视文章的意思，脱离题干的要求，单凭自己所
掌握的知识就擅自确定答案，从而导致错选。阅读活动是阅读者和作者心与心的交流过
程，是读者将文字符号信息输入大脑，大脑将所获信息进行处理，根据阅读者原有的语言
知识、背景知识、常识等对文章进行理解，从而达到和作者表达意图一致的理解，并进一
步从中得到阅读的乐趣。所以要避免出错，考生要抓住作者的思想，要依据作者的观点，
而不是作者自己的观点或者是一些常识。
四、背景知识缺失 降低解题准确性
【错点指要】由于不能理解文化背景，导致阅读困难，无法产生阅读的愉悦体验。
【考例再现】
…Everyone should, “Run to second!” Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards
second. By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a
chance to be the hero for his team fir the first time, could have thrown the ball to the second
baseman, but he understood the pitcher’s intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high
and far over the third baseman’s head.
All were screaming，“Shay，Shay，Shay，all the way Shay.” Shay reached third base
when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted, “Shay, run to third.” As Shay rounded
third, all were on their feet, crying, “Shay, run home！”Shay ran to home, stepped on the home
base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team. ….
68. The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third baseman’s head, probably because
that boy ________.
A. was obviously aware of the pitcher’s purpose
B. looked forward to winning the game for his team
C. failed to throw the ball to the second baseman
D. saw that Shay already reached second base
69. Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay’s becoming the hero for his team?
A. The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman.B. The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him.
C. The opposing players failed to stop his running to home.
D. One of the opposing players ran to help him.
【典型错误】一些考生由于对棒球知识的不了解，虽然能看出文章的大致意思，由于不了
解棒球知识导致在阅读过程中带着疑问阅读，从而影响解题的准确性。
【正确答案】这是是一篇关于爱的教育的故事。一位父亲鼓励帮助自己心智和身体残疾的
儿子，和正常人一样参与棒球运动，并且得到同伴的认可。文章富有教育意义。
68. A。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句：：…but he understood…and far over the
third baseman’s head”看出他把球高高的扔过第三位球员头顶是他明白投球手的意图。
69. C。细节理解题。第八段最后说众人喊道: “Shay, run home”,当他run home之后，我们看
到结果是他成功了，他成为了Hero，可见没有任何人在这个时候阻止他跑回本垒。C选项
是与他的成功无关的，为正确选项。
【应对策略】由于生活或年龄所限，考生的知识储备中没有和文章内容相关的主题，不熟
悉所读的文章内容，当然就无从下手，对文章内容无法理解。例如没有上过网的学生就对
关于因特网、在线网络游戏的文章的阅读有困难；没有接触过农村的学生就对关于农作物
文章不甚了解；文科的学生对科技文章的阅读就有一定的理解困难等等。作为老师在平时
的教学中注意渗透和教材相关的背景知识，学生要扩大阅读量以丰富知识，尤其是英语语
言国家的文化背景知识，增强生活实践，拓宽“常识”范围。
