第06 讲 选修三 词汇考点
目录
01 课标达标练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
【题型三】重点短语词组
02 核心突破练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语
03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．Sitting in Quanzhou City, the ancient Maritime Silk Road started, it has sold like hotcakes at home
and abroad since the Song Dynasty.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意: 它位于古代海上丝绸之路的起源地泉州，自宋代以来就在国内外畅销。设
空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词指代先行词Quanzhou City 并在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词
where。故填where。
2．I placed ham sandwiches, sausages and bunch of bananas on a small wooden table.
【答案】a
【详解】考查冠词。句意：我把火腿三明治、香肠和一串香蕉放在一张小木桌上。根据句意和空后的
bunch 可知，此处需要一个不定冠词来修饰bunch，表示“一串香蕉”，a bunch of 为固定短语，表示“一
串……”，空处应为不定冠词a。故填a。
3．In the (distant), elephants were eating grass, ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the
plains.
【答案】distance
【详解】考查名词。句意：远处，大象正在吃草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着，慢慢地在平原上移动。空处应填
名词作宾语，in the distance“在远处”，故填distance。
4．Tall grasses and trees dotted the plains, which were alive the African wildlife we had come to see.
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意：高大的草地和树木点缀着平原，我们来这里是为了看非洲野生动物。短语be
alive with 表示“充满着某种事物”，形容某个地方或场景充满了某种事物或活动。故填with。
5．She found it difficult (settle) and calm down in the deep valley, because she was concerned
about whether she would be discovered.
【答案】to settle
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她发现在深谷中很难安顿下来并平静下来，因为她担心自己是否会被发
现。空处的it 为形式宾语，构成“find it+adj.+to do sth.”的结构，动词不定式为真正的宾语。故填to
settle。
6．Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the
new members, will take on many of the future repairs.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：跟随多年前他自己老师的脚步，王先生现在把他的技能传授给了新成员，
他们将承担未来的许多维修工作。分析句子成分可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，the new members 为先
行词，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句作主语，故用关系代词who。故填who。
7．Their opponents were in (possess) of the ball for most of the match.
【答案】possession
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里都控球。作介词的宾语，应用名词
possession，构成in possession of“拥有，占有”。故填possession。
8．Indeed, it has been (consistence) ranked by the United Nations as one of the best countries to live
in, and visitors are always welcome!
【答案】consistently
【详解】考查副词。句意：事实上，它一直被联合国评为最适合居住的国家之一，并且永远欢迎游客！分
析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰动词ranked，consistence 的形容词为consistent 意为“始终如一
的”，其副词为consistently 意为“始终”符合句意。故填consistently。
9．How much more expensive do you think a flat in a downtown area is than one in a (suburb)
area?
【答案】suburban
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你认为市中心的公寓比郊区的公寓贵多少？空处应用形容词作定语，修饰
area。suburban 意为“郊区的”。故填suburban。
10．Both countries feel they have (territory) claims to the islands.
【答案】territorial
【详解】考查形容词。句意：两国都认为自己对这些岛屿拥有领土主权。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名
词claims。territorial 意为“领土的”。故填territorial。
11． makes Yunjin special is its complicated weaving process, requiring two workers to operate a large
wooden loom (织布机) together.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：云锦的独特之处在于其复杂的织造工艺，需要两名工人共同操作一台大型
木织机。空格处引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what，位于句首，
首字母需大写。故填What。
12．I was (incredible) fortunate to journey through the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing.
【答案】incredibly
【详解】考查副词。句意：我非常幸运地穿越了苏州和南京这两座城市。空处需要副词修饰后面的形容词
fortunate，作状语。incredible 的副词形式为incredibly“极其，非常地”。故填incredibly。
13．Due to the near (absent) of gravity in space, we have attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.
【答案】absence
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定起来，这样我们就不会到处漂
浮。空处应填名词作Due to 的宾语，absence 缺乏，不存在，不可数名词，故填absence。
14．The room still has many of its (origin) features.
【答案】original
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个房间有很多新颖的特点。此处用形容词修饰名词作表语，original 意为
“新颖的”，故填original。
15．With so much going on, the space station needs a lot of (maintain), so we constantly check
support systems and do some cleaning.
【答案】maintenance
【详解】考查名词。句意：有这么多事情要做，空间站需要大量的维护和清洁。此处的介词of 后跟名词作
宾语，动词maintain 的名词为maintenance，为不可数名词，故填maintenance。
16．The spoken word is immediate but lacks (permanent).
【答案】permanence
【详解】考查名词。句意：口语是即时的，但缺乏持久性。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，
permanent 的名词为permanence 意为“持久性”为不可数名词。故填permanence。
17．It worried her a lot the hair of her mother-in-law was turning grey. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：她婆婆的头发变白这件事让她很担心。分析可知，本句应用了it 作形式主
语的句式，句首的It 是形式主语，后面的从句为真正的主语，不缺成分，所以用从属连词that 引导，故填
that。
18．In addition to the lunar program, China's (astronaut) have entered the space station of the country's
own construction three times.
【答案】astronauts
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：除了探月计划，中国宇航员还三次进入了国家自建的太空站。astronaut 是
可数名词，由空后谓语部分的助动词have 可知，此处应用复数形式。故填astronauts。
19．Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope.
【答案】invisible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：太阳系外的许多恒星不用望远镜是看不见的。由句意可知，此处应用visible
的反义词invisible(看不见的)，形容词作表语。故填invisible。
20．It was her fault we missed the bus.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们错过了公交车是她的错。分析句子结构可知，It 作形式主语，was 作
谓语，设空处引导真正的主语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，应用that 引导。故填that。
21．·Provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【答案】financial
【详解】考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。空格修饰名词aid，应用形容词形式作
定语，financial 是形容词，表示“财政的”，符合句意。故填financial。
22．Columbus insisted searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic
Ocean.
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词。句意：哥伦布坚持要穿越大西洋，寻找一条直达东印度群岛的航线。insist on“坚持”
是固定搭配。故填on。
23．She is one of the most (influence) figures in local politics.
【答案】influential
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在当地政界她是最有影响的人物之一。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词
figures，influence 的形容词为influential 意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。
24．Despite the countless failures, he refused to stop training, which, in return, (strong) his
determination to compete for the highest title in track and field.
【答案】strengthened
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：尽管失败无数，但他拒绝停止训练，这反过来坚定了他争夺田径最高冠军
的决心。空处作非限制性定语从句的谓语，strong 的动词形式是strengthen，结合“refused”可知，使用一
般过去时。故填strengthened。
25．Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect others’ time.
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意：守时是至关重要的，它来自于对他人时间的深刻尊重。respect for“尊重”，固
定搭配，故填for。
26．The administrators said that the students (allow) to enter the museum freely.
【答案】were allowed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：管理人员说学生们可以自由进入博物馆。分析句子可知，空处
作宾语从句的谓语，结合“said”可知，此处的行为发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时，allow“允许”和主
语the students 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数名词，be 动词应用were。故填were
allowed。
27．It is obvious that there is no (short) of noodle dishes and noodle soup recipes in China.
【答案】shortage
【详解】考查名词。句意：很明显，在中国并不缺少面食和面汤食谱。no 后跟名词，short 的名词是
shortage，意为“短缺”，there is no shortage of 意为“不缺少”，因此空格处是shortage。故填shortage。
28．Slowly, and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned... and (freeze).
【答案】froze
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：慢慢地，相机仍然盯着我的眼睛，我转过身来……然后僵住了。分析句子
结构和意思可知，这里需要and 并列两个谓语动词，从turned 可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用
一般过去时。故填froze。
29．In (compare) with the national average, Brighton has nearly a third more health food stores and
personal trainers than those in any other city in Britain.
【答案】comparison
【详解】考查名词。句意：与全国平均水平相比，布莱顿的健康食品商店和私人教练比英国其他任何城市
都多近三分之一。in comparison with 固定搭配，意为“与……相比”。根据句意，故填comparison。
30．Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building a
(harmony) society.
【答案】harmonious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有当我们意识到互相帮助的重要性，我们才能致力于建设和谐社会。分析
句子，设空处使用harmony 的形容词harmonious 作定语，意为“和谐的”。故填harmonious。
31．These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth
(preserve).
【答案】preserving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些宣告，作为爱与个性的象征，提醒我们有些传统值得保留。be
worth doing 是固定用法，表示“值得做某事”，其中动名词主动表被动；preserve 的动名词是preserving。
故填preserving。
32．Climate change has increased (migrate) in some regions.
【答案】migration
【详解】考查名词。句意：气候变化增加了一些地区的移民。本空作has increased 的宾语，应用名词形式
migration“移民”。故填migration。
33．The teacher told us that when there are difficulties, we should overcome them spare no efforts to
stick to the goal.
【答案】and
【详解】考查连词。句意：老师告诉我们，当有困难时，我们应该克服它们，不遗余力地坚持目标。根据
句意可知，此处为连词and 连接前后两个动词overcome 和spare，放在情态动词should 后保持并列结构。
故填and。
34．As Cicero remarked, “To be ignorant what occurred before you were born is to remain always a
child.”
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词。句意：正如西塞罗所说：“对你出生前发生的事情一无所知，那你就永远只是个孩
子。”此处为固定短语be ignorant of 意为“对……无知”符合句意，所以此处使用介词of。故填of。
35．The three countries jointly pursued an (apply) for UNESCO World Heritage status.
【答案】application
【详解】考查名词。句意：三国联合申请联合国教科文组织世界遗产。根据空格前的pursued an 可知，空
格处应该用单数名词application 作宾语。故填application。
36．The teacher issued a (suspend) for the student who was caught cheating on the exam.
【答案】suspension
【详解】考查名词。句意：老师对考试作弊被发现的学生给予暂被停学处分。此处为名词作宾语，suspend
的名词为suspension 意为“暂被停学”，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用单数形式。故填suspension。
37．It’s high time that we healed the deep (divide) between the rich and the poor. (根据所给词的适
当形式填空)
【答案】division
【详解】考查名词。句意：现在是我们解决贫富之间深刻分歧的时候了。根据空前定冠词the 和形容词
deep 可知，空处应用名词形式division，作healed 的宾语，用单数形式特指贫富之间这一分歧。故填
division.
38．We must encourage the planting of new trees and be devoted to (preserve) our existing woodlands.
【答案】preserving
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们必须鼓励种植新的树木，并致力于保护我们现有的林地。分析可知，be
devoted to 中的to 为介词，应用动名词作宾语，故填preserving。
39．Catching sight of the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea he wanted to race
against the sun to see who ran faster!
【答案】that
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：看到日出和日落，夸父突然有了一个主意，他想和太阳赛跑，看谁跑得
更快！idea 后面接同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，应用that 作引导词。故填that。
40．The two passengers occupying seats were reported (ban) from taking trains for 180 days.
【答案】to have been banned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，占据座位的两名乘客已被禁止乘坐火车180 天。be reported to
do“据报道……”是固定表达，The two passengers 与ban“禁止”为被动关系，应用过去分词，且动作ban
发生在谓语之前，应用不定式的完成式的被动形式。故填to have been banned。
题型二 核心单词拼写
41．The soil has been washed down into the (山谷).
【答案】valley
【详解】考查名词。句意：泥土被冲入山谷。根据汉语提示“山谷”可知，空格处涉及单词“valley”，意
为“山谷”，为可数名词，定冠词“the”后接可数名词单数，表特指，作宾语。故填valley。
42． (住处) can be arranged here.
【答案】Accommodation
【详解】考查名词。句意：这里可以安排住处。根据汉语提示“住处”可知应填名词accommodation，作
主语，不可数，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Accommodation。
43．My friend recommend me a good Italian restaurant in the (市区的) area.
【答案】downtown/urban
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的朋友向我推荐了市中心一家不错的意大利餐厅。根据汉语提示“市区
的”可知，用形容词downtown/urban 作定语修饰名词area，故填downtown/urban。
44．The love and support of his family (维持) him during his time in prison last year.
【答案】sustained/supported
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：去年在他入狱期间，家人的爱和支持支撑着他。根据汉语提示“维持”，
可知此处应填动词sustain 或support，作谓语，根据时间状语last year 可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，
时态用一般过去时，故填sustained/supported。
45．These people are (种族) related communities.
【答案】ethnically
【详解】考查副词。句意：这些人是种族相关的社区。根据句意及首字母提示，可知为副词ethnically，作
状语修饰空后的形容词related，故填ethnically。
46．On June 27, 2012, the Jiaolong reached a __________________ (深度) of 7, 062 meters in the Pacific Ocean.
【答案】depth
【详解】考查名词。句意：2012 年6 月27 日，蛟龙号在太平洋深达7062 米。根据汉语提示可知，此处应
用名词depth 作宾语，故填depth。
47．Mike felt (沮丧) because he failed the math exam.
【答案】down/upset
【详解】考查形容词。句意：迈克因为数学考试不及格而感到沮丧。根据空格前的系动词felt 可知，空格
处应填形容词作表语，结合汉语提示“沮丧”应为down/upset。故填down/upset。
48．In many African countries, people have to walk a few miles to （取来）water. （根据汉语提示单词
拼写）
【答案】fetch
【详解】考查动词。句意：在许多非洲国家，人们不得不步行几英里去取水。根据汉语意思提示可知，此
处为动词fetch“取来”，满足句意要求，结合空前to 不定式可知，为动词原形。故填fetch。
49．Parts of the cave have been badly affected by rain and (使暴露) to the air.
【答案】exposure
【详解】考查名词。句意：洞穴的部分区域受到了雨水的严重侵蚀以及暴露在空气中的影响。空处应用名
词，与“rain”并列作介词“by”的宾语；exposure 为名词，表示“暴露”，符合句意。故填exposure。
50．They are (完全) mistaken in their conclusion.
【答案】altogether
【详解】考查副词。句意：他们在得出的结论中完全错了。根据汉语提示“完全”可知，此处为副词
altogether，作状语用以强调，修饰动词are mistaken。故填altogether。
51．From the expressions on their faces, I realized the (严重性) of the situation.
【答案】gravity
【详解】考查名词。句意：从他们脸上的表情，我意识到情况的严重性。根据汉语提示“严重性”可知，
此处为名词gravity，作宾语，为不可数名词。故填gravity。
52．The (频率) of earthquakes in this region has increased in recent years.
【答案】frequency
【详解】考查名词。句意：近年来，这个地区地震的频率有所增加。设空处使用名词作主语，表示“频
率”用frequency，结合后文的has，可知填入单数形式。故填frequency。
53．Graduation represents moving from the (为……提供避难所，保护) life of high school into the
real world. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】sheltered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：毕业代表着从受保护的高中生活走向现实世界。根据汉语提示可知，空
格处应该用动词shelter 的非谓语形式作定语，修饰后面的名词life，动词shelter 和life 之间是被动关系，所
以应该用过去分词sheltered。故填sheltered。
54．I heard sounds of a (拼命的) struggle in the next room as if someone were in danger.
【答案】desperate
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我听到隔壁房间里传来拼命挣扎的声音，好像有人有危险。根据汉语提示可
知应用形容词desperate，修饰名词struggle。故填desperate。
55．For such a tiny woman, she had a(n) (难以置信) big appetite.
【答案】incredibly
【详解】考查副词。句意：对于这样一个小个子的女人来说，她的胃口大得令人难以置信。根据汉语提示
“难以置信”可知，此处应使用副词incredibly，修饰形容词big，作状语。故填incredibly。
56．If you haven’t got a (指南针), use the stars to guide you.
【答案】compass
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你没有指南针，就用星星来指引你。根据汉语提示“指南针”可知，本空
用名词compass，且空格前有不定冠词a 修饰，应用单数形式，作宾语。故填compass。
57．They drew up a detailed list of measures for increasing the (产量).
【答案】output
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们拟定了一份提高产量的详细措施清单。根据汉语提示“产量”可知，此处
为名词output，作increasing 的宾语。故填output。
58．We rented a (乡村小屋) at the seaside for Christmas.
【答案】cottage
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们在海边租了一间小屋来过圣诞节。根据汉语提示和空格前的rented a 可知，
空格处应该用单数名词cottage 作宾语。故填cottage。
59．We must make the most efficient use of the available (财务的) resources. （根据汉语提示单词拼
写）
【答案】financial
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们必须最有效地利用可用的财务资源。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使
用形容词financial，修饰名词resources，作定语。故填financial。
60．They___________ (坚持) on playing their music late at night.
【答案】insist/insisted
【详解】考查动词。句意：他们坚持在深夜播放音乐。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“坚持”应用
insist，在本句中作谓语，主语They 与insist 为主动关系，且有句意可知，这里时态可用一般现在时表习惯
性发生的动作，也可用一般过去时，表示过去情况。故填insist 或者insisted。
61．Knowing the result of the exam, he went home and (缓慢行进) into his room.
【答案】dragged
【详解】考查动词。句意：知道了考试的结果，他回到家，拖着沉重的步子走进自己的房间。根据and 前
went home 可知，这里为并列的谓语动词。“缓慢行进”英文为drag。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。
故填dragged。
62．I planned to go (到国外), but now I canceled it because of the novel corona-virus.
【答案】abroad
【详解】考查副词。句意：我原计划出国，但现在因为新型冠状病毒取消了行程。根据汉语提示，应填入
副词abroad 做状语，表示“到国外”，修饰动词go。故填abroad。
63．The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers will be (解雇) next week.
【答案】dismissed
【详解】考查动词。句意：主席宣布下周将解雇100 名工人。根据汉语提示“解雇”可知，此处使用动词
dismiss，与workers 为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的will be 构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填
dismissed。
64．She was forced to have her baby (领养) after she was sentenced to prison.
【答案】adopted
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：她被判入狱后，被迫让人收养了她的孩子。根据提示的汉语，表示“领
养”应为adopt，分析句子结构可知，此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，her baby 与adopt 之间为被动关系，
所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填adopted。
65．We were impressed by the (废墟) of an ancient building.
【答案】ruins
【详解】考查名词。句意：一座古建筑的废墟给我们留下了深刻的印象。根据汉语提示“废墟”可知，此
处为名词ruin，通常用复数形式表示“废墟，遗迹”，作宾语。故填ruins。
66．Once the (投票) was taken, things quieted down quickly.
【答案】vote
【详解】考查名词。句意：一旦投票结束，现场很快就安静了下来。根据汉语提示可知用名词vote，作主
语。故填vote。
67．There was a (预报) of cooler weather towards the end of the week.
【答案】forecast
【详解】考查名词。句意：天气预报说这周末天气会转凉。空处应填名词单数作there be 句型的主语，表
示“预报”使用名词forecast，故填forecast。
68．My ultimate dream is to be a renowned (建筑师), able to design famous buildings.
【答案】architect
【详解】考查名词。句意：我的终极梦想是成为一名著名的建筑师，能够设计著名的建筑。表示“建筑
师”使用名词architect，由前面的a 可知使用名词单数，作表语，故填architect。
69．The guide conducted us around the (遗迹) of the ancient city.
【答案】ruins
【详解】考查名词。句意：导游带我们参观了古城遗址。“遗迹”用ruins，作介词宾语。故填ruins。
70．Last week, the teacher (布置) an essay about environmental protection to them.
【答案】assigned
【详解】考查动词。句意：上周，老师布置了一篇关于环境保护的作文给他们。分析句子结构可知，此处
应为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“布置”应为assign，根据时间状语last week 可知，此处应为一般
过去时，且与主语the teacher 之间为主动关系，所以谓语动词应为assigned。故填assigned。
题型三 重点短语词组
71．知道在短时间内没有人会来帮忙，她拍了一张附近路标的照片并把它发布到网上。（分词短语作状
语）
, she took a photo of the nearby road sign and posted it online.
【答案】Knowing no help could come in a short time
【详解】考查非谓语动词、宾语从句、固定短语。表示“知道”用know，本句谓语为took，此处为非谓语
动词，且she 与know 为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“没有人会来帮
忙”用宾语从句，从句中：表示“没有帮助”用no help 作主语；表示“能来”用could come，作谓语；从
句不缺少成分或含义，用that 引导，可以省略。表示“在短时间内”用固定短语in a short time。故填
Knowing no help could come in a short time。
72．We walked down the village street, .
我们沿着村里的街道走去，村民们正在那里赶集。
【答案】where villagers were having market day
【详解】考查定语从句，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，意为“村
民们正在那里赶集”，因定语从句缺少状语表示地点，用关系副词where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
village street，“村民们”是villagers，“赶集”是have market day，因句子表示的是过去某一时间正在发
生、正在进行的动作，谓语动词用过去进行时，主语villagers 是复数，其后跟were。故填where villagers
were having market day。
73．I recommend you to learn Tang Poetry, .
我建议你学唐诗，唐诗反映了中国的传统文化，并深受中国人的喜爱。
【答案】which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by the Chinese
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。“唐诗反映了中国的传统文化，并深受中国人的喜爱”可用非限制性定语
从句表达，讲述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，先行词是（不可数名词）Tang Poetry，指物，关系词替
代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which 引导，reflect (反映)和be loved by (被……爱)为从句并列谓语，
注意主谓一致，traditional Chinese culture (中国的传统文化)，deeply (深深地)，the Chinese (中国人)，故填
which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by the Chinese。
74． , “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
俗话说，“患难朋友才是真正的朋友。”
【答案】As an old saying goes
【详解】考查定语从句。“俗话说”as an old saying goes，使用as 表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，
As 置于句首，首字母大写。故填As an old saying goes。
75．最让我高兴的是，他们的艺术才华令人震惊。（从句作主语）
is that their artistic talent is extremely shocking.
【答案】What pleases me most
【详解】考查主语从句，时态，最高级和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“最让我高兴的
是”，用what 引导主语从句，“让某人高兴”是please sb.，“最”用most，由is 可知，时态用一般现在
时，主语是what，please 用第三人称单数，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处是What pleases me
most。故填What pleases me most。
76．在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。
While rock-climbing, you need to remain very focused .
【答案】so that you won’t make any dangerous errors
【详解】考查目的状语从句。“这样……”使用so that 引导目的状语从句，“犯任何错”使用动词短语
make any errors，“危险的”使用形容词dangerous，从句是描述将来的事情，使用一般将来时，故填so
that you won’t make any dangerous errors。
77．他花了七年时间扫描中国古籍中的汉字。
It in Chinese ancient books.
【答案】took him seven years to scan the characters
【详解】考查固定句型和动词时态。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“他花了七年时间扫描汉字”，应
用“It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”句型，It 为形式主语，动词不定式to do 为真正的主语，根据句意可
知，句子描述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式took，宾语“sb. some time”应用
“他”的宾格形式him 和“七年”seven years，真正的主语“to do sth.”应用“扫描汉字”的不定式形式to
scan the characters。故填took him seven years to scan the characters。
78．为了促使我们的不良习惯产生积极的改变，我们必须首先审视自己的不良习惯循环模式。
a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles.
【答案】 To facilitate
【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据汉语提示，表示“促使，促进”用facilitate，此处表示目的故使用不定式
结构作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填To facilitate。
79．比赛路线从学校大门开始，到南山脚下结束。
and ended at the foot of the South Hill.
【答案】The race route started at the school gate
【详解】考查动词时态。表示“比赛路线”用the race route，表示“开始”用start，表示“从学校大门”
用at the school gate，根据ended 可知，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填The
race route started at the school gate。
80．有消息说我们学校将会举办一次以中国传统习俗为主题的班会。（从句做同位语）
Word came whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs.
【答案】that our school is going to hold a class meeting
【详解】考查同位语从句、固定短语、时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“我们学校将
会举办一次班会”，是对名词Word 内容的说明，可处理为同位从句，用连词that 引导，从句主语“我们
学校”用our school，“将会举办”用be going to hold 表示，用is going to hold 表示计划将要做的事情，宾
语“一次班会”用a class meeting。故填that our school is going to hold a class meeting。
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
（2025·山东泰安·模拟预测）While climbing the Great Wall is a once-in-a-lifetime dream for many, Jim
Spear has taken it a step further, spending the last 18 years as a villager residing beneath this ancient wonder.
“Never did I dream I would have the chance to visit the Great Wall, let alone live under it,” said 68-year-old
Spear, a self-taught architect from the United States.
Spear’s interest in China began during his college days. It deepened when he met Tang, a Chinese girl, in
1980, and they got married two years later. In 1986, he decided to drop out of his doctoral studies in Chinese
politics at the University of California and moved to China “to get to the heart of things”. “I realized that if I
became a scholar of China, based overseas, I wouldn’t be able to experience what was happening in China,” Spear
said.
In 1995, the couple secured a long-term rent of a traditional village farmhouse in Mutianyu and decided to
make it their full-time home ten years later. Shortly after possessing full-time village life, he rented an abandoned
schoolhouse and transformed it into a restaurant and art glass factory for a sustainable tourism business. He also
turned a former factory into a hotel and helped renovate ( 翻新) over 20 households into restaurants. Besides, he
explored other ways to support those residents in rural areas. “I want to do something for them,” Spear said.
Spear’s designs reflect his natural talent for fusing (融合) traditional and modern elements, adopting the
Great Wall style. However, Spear emphasized his approach involves creating designs and views “that echo (呼应)
the Great Wall, not copy it”. In 2014, Spear received the Great Wall Friendship Award from the Beijing
government.
Talking about the future, Spear sees abundant possibilities in China, driven by significant domestic demand
and a growing emphasis on preserving historic structures.
1．What do we know about Spear?
A．He likes to climb the Great Wall.
B．He came to China when he was 18.
C．He once dreamed of becoming a villager.
D．He has lived beneath the Great Wall for years.
2．Why did Spear move to China in 1986?
A．To see a real China.
B．To marry a Chinese girl.
C．To work as an architect.
D．To study Chinese politics.
3．What is special about Spear’s designs?
A．They are inspired by rural residents.
B．They copy the style of the Great Wall.
C．They connect the past with the present.
D．They have received a world-wide prize.
4．What can we infer about Spear’s future plans?
A．He will focus on cultural exchange programs.
B．He will explore more rural support projects.
C．He will pursue awards for preserving buildings.
D．He will research China’s historic structures.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述美国人吉姆·斯皮尔移居中国，在长城脚下生活并投身当地建设的经
历。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Jim Spear has taken it a step further, spending the last 11 years as a villager
residing beneath this ancient wonder.(吉姆·斯皮尔更进一步，在这座古老的奇迹脚下当了11 年村民。)”可知，
斯皮尔已在长城脚下生活多年。故选D 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““I realized that if I became a scholar of China, based overseas, I wouldn’t
be able to experience what was happening in China,” Spear said. (斯皮尔说：“我意识到，如果我成为一名海
外的中国学者，就无法体验中国正在发生的事情。”)”可知，他1286 年移居中国是为了见识真实的中国。
故选A 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Spear’s designs reflect his natural talent for fusing traditional and modern
elements, adopting the Great Wall style.(斯皮尔的设计反映了他融合传统与现代元素的天赋，采用了长城风
格。)”可知，其设计的特别之处在于将过去与现在相结合。故选C 项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Spear sees abundant possibilities in China, driven by significant domestic
demand and a growing emphasis on preserving historic structures.(受巨大的国内需求和对历史建筑保护日益重
视的推动，斯皮尔在中国看到了丰富的可能性。)”可推断，他未来可能会研究中国的历史建筑。故选D 项。
（2025· 重庆· 模拟预测）What if you could use the plastic waste littering everywhere to help solve
construction problems? For architect Oscar Issac, the inspiration led to an invention that shows his core value.
Issac owns a company whose main business is to build houses. In 2017, Marcus Kampo, a representative for
an official organization in Côte d’ Ivoire, contacted him to explain how a large amount of plastic waste there
blocked the sewer (下水道) systems. Meanwhile, Côte d’ Ivoire faced a shortage of schools, and many existing
rural ones needed frequent rebuilding in case of the rainy season. To give him a clearer picture, Kampo invited
Issac to the nation’s most populous city, where he was moved by the sight of women carrying children on their
backs while picking plastic from landfills for little pay.
“I think of a solution,” Issac said. His company transforms plastic, including bags, snack-food containers,
and shampoo bottles into a modular (模块化的) building system of bricks and columns. The Lego-like blocks are
made of about 95 percent plastic; builders only need to supply a roof and windows. So far, over 4, 000 tons of
plastic have been transformed into more than 550 classrooms, all for approximately 60 percent of what traditional
construction methods cost.
Issac is now negotiating on a similar school project in Ethiopia and investigating how to build public
restrooms in refugee camps in South Sudan. To promote the brick-making technology in more places, Issac recently
upgraded his system that can be transported in a 40-foot container. The technology runs on trash, but as Kampo
puts it, “the concept is not just beautiful but brilliant.”
1．What was a major challenge in Côte d’ Ivoire?
A．Lack of construction materials.
B．High costs of building schools.
C．Large quantities of plastic waste.
D．Discrimination against women.
2．Which word best describes Issac’s solution?
A．Expensive.
B．Revolutionary.
C．Traditional.
D．Inefficient.
3．Why does the author mention other projects in the last paragraph?
A．To raise funds for the projects.
B．To demonstrate Issac’s lasting efforts.
C．To advocate a low-carbon lifestyle.
D．To prove Kampo’s designing concept.
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Water is life’s blood.
B．Nature can repair itself.
C．Waste can be treasure.
D．Life on Earth is diverse.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了建筑师奥斯卡·艾萨克受科特迪瓦大量塑料垃圾和学校短缺问题启
发，发明用塑料制砖建学校的方法，还在推进其他项目。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2017, Marcus Kampo, a representative for an official organization in Côte d’
Ivoire, contacted him to explain how a large amount of plastic waste there blocked the sewer (下水道) systems.
(2017 年，科特迪瓦一个官方组织的代表马库斯·坎波联系了他，向他解释那里大量的塑料垃圾是如何堵塞
下水道系统的)”可知，科特迪瓦面临的一个主要挑战是大量的塑料垃圾。故选C 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“His company transforms plastic, including bags, snack food containers, and
shampoo bottles into a modular (模块化的) building system of bricks and columns. The Lego like blocks are made
of about 95 percent plastic; builders only need to supply a roof and windows. So far, over 4, 000 tons of plastic
have been transformed into more than 550 classrooms, all for approximately 60 percent of what traditional
construction methods cost.(他的公司将包括袋子、零食容器和洗发水瓶在内的塑料转化为一个由砖块和立柱
组成的模块化建筑系统。这种类似乐高的积木大约95%由塑料制成；建筑商只需要提供屋顶和窗户。到目
前为止，超过4000 吨的塑料已经被转化为550 多间教室，而所有这些的成本大约是传统建筑方法的60%)”
可知，艾萨克的解决方案把塑料变废为宝，成本低且效果好，具有创新性和革命性。故选B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Issac is now negotiating on a similar school project in Ethiopia and
investigating how to build public restrooms in refugee camps in South Sudan. To promote the brick making
technology in more places, Issac recently upgraded his system that can be transported in a 40-foot container.(艾萨
克现在正在埃塞俄比亚就一个类似的学校项目进行谈判，并在研究如何在南苏丹的难民营建造公共厕所。
为了在更多地方推广制砖技术，艾萨克最近升级了他的系统，使其可以装在一个40 英尺的集装箱里运输)”
可知，作者提到其他项目是为了展示艾萨克在持续努力推广他的技术和解决方案。故选B 项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第三段中“His company transforms plastic, including bags, snack food
containers, and shampoo bottles into a modular (模块化的) building system of bricks and columns.(他的公司将包
括袋子、零食容器和洗发水瓶在内的塑料转化为一个由砖块和立柱组成的模块化建筑系统)”可知，文章主
要讲述了艾萨克将塑料垃圾转化为建筑材料建造学校等，体现了废物可以变成宝贝。故选C 项。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
（2025·浙江宁波·二模）While her French classmates ate salads, Li Mei took out a package of steamed
rice. When she transferred to a high school in Paris, her lunch became a daily 1 . One Monday, one boy
Pierre pointed at her lunch and whispered, “That looks 2 !” Li Mei flushed, quietly avoiding the cafeteria.
Everything 3 when her history teacher, Mr. Dupont, 4 a project “Food & Culture
Week”. Each student was to 5 a traditional dish and present its cultural significance. Li Mei 6
— would anyone care about Chinese food here? Eventually, she decided on jianbing, a flavor from hometown.
On presentation day, she 7 the materials with trembling hands. To her surprise, Pierre volunteered
to help cook. As they spread the batter (面糊), he 8 . “I made fun of your food at first, but now I see it’s
part of your 9 .” When the crispy jianbing was served, classmates crowded around, asking questions
about Chinese New Year traditions.
The event made everyone 10 . Students who once 11 her now greeted her warmly. A girl
named Sophie even proposed 12 a French-Chinese cookbook together for the school fair and suggested
including family dishes passed down through generations.
On the final day, 13 filled a book titled Bites Beyond Borders. Holding it, Li Mei realized that
cultural gaps weren’t about walls but doors — waiting to be unlocked. A simple 14 had taught her more
about belonging than any textbook.
“Food is the 15 foreign policy,” Mr. Dupont said, biting into a red bean croissant.
1．A．adventure
B．struggle
C．routine
D．necessity
2．A．messy
B．ordinary
C．strange
D．special
3．A．mattered
B．worked
C．rested
D．changed
4．A．praised
B．postponed
C．concluded
D．launched
5．A．purchase
B．review
C．prepare
D．receive
6．A．joked
B．hesitated
C．insisted
D．protested
7．A．laid out
B．held back
C．heated up
D．gave away
8．A．argued
B．denied
C．admitted
D．added
9．A．identity
B．interest
C．personality
D．quality
10．A．freed
B．relaxed
C．amused
D．connected
11．A．betrayed
B．overlooked
C．envied
D．misled
12．A．borrowing
B．authoring
C．promoting
D．sponsoring
13．A．stories
B．photos
C．recipes
D．quotes
14．A．game
B．question
C．gift
D．lunch
15．A．tastiest
B．heaviest
C．oldest
D．fastest
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B
12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国女孩李梅转学到巴黎高中后，因午餐与法国同学不同而遭遇
嘲笑，后来在历史老师发起的 “食物与文化周” 项目中，通过展示中国传统食物煎饼，改变了同学们的
看法，促进了文化交流，让大家建立起联系的故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她转学到巴黎的一所高中时，她的午餐成了每天的难事。A. adventure 冒
险；B. struggle 难事，挣扎；C. routine 惯例；D. necessity 必需品。根据下文“One Monday, one boy Pierre
pointed at her lunch and whispered” 可知，李梅的午餐会被同学议论，这对她来说是每天都要面对的“困难
事”。 故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个男孩皮埃尔指着她的午餐低声说：“那看起来很奇怪！”A. messy 凌
乱的；B. ordinary 普通的；C. strange 奇怪的；D. special 特别的。根据下文“Li Mei flushed, quietly
avoiding the cafeteria” 可知，李梅脸红并避开食堂，由此可推知男孩说她的午餐看起来 “奇怪” 才会让
她有这样的反应。 故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她的历史老师杜邦先生发起 “食物与文化周” 项目时，一切都改变了。
A. mattered 重要；B. worked 工作，起作用；C. rested 休息；D. changed 改变。根据前文李梅因午餐被嘲笑，
再结合后文她在项目中的经历和变化可知，这里表示一切都 “改变” 了。 故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她的历史老师杜邦先生发起 “食物与文化周” 项目时，一切都改变了。
A. praised 赞扬；B. postponed 推迟；C. concluded 总结；D. launched 发起。根据下文 “a project “Food
& Culture Week”” 可知，历史老师是 “发起” 了这个项目。 故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个学生都要准备一道传统菜肴并展示其文化意义。A. purchase 购买；B.
review 复习，回顾；C. prepare 准备；D. receive 接收。根据下文“present its cultural significance”可知，在
该项目中，学生需要 “准备” 一道传统菜肴并展示其文化意义。 故选C。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：李梅犹豫了 —— 这里有人会在意中国食物吗？A. joked 开玩笑；B.
hesitated 犹豫；C. insisted 坚持；D. protested 抗议。根据下文“—would anyone care about Chinese food
here?” 可知，李梅不确定这里是否有人会对中国食物感兴趣，所以她 “犹豫” 了。 故选B。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：展示当天，她颤抖着双手摆放材料。A. laid out 摆放，布置；B. held back 抑
制，隐瞒；C. heated up 加热；D. gave away 赠送，泄露。根据下文“the materials with trembling hands. To
her surprise, Pierre volunteered to help cook.” 可知，后来他们一起制作煎饼，所以这里表示她 “摆放” 制
作煎饼的材料。 故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们摊面糊时，他承认道：“我一开始嘲笑你的食物，但现在我明白它
是你身份的一部分。”A. argued 争论；B. denied 否认；C. admitted 承认；D. added 补充说。根据 “I made
fun of your food at first, but now I see it’s part of your...” 可知，皮埃尔承认了自己之前嘲笑李梅食物的行为，
然后表达现在的看法。 故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一开始嘲笑你的食物，但现在我明白它是你身份的一部分。A. identity 身
份；B. interest 兴趣；C. personality 个性；D. quality 质量。根据语境以及常识可知，皮埃尔意识到李梅的食
物是她 “身份” 的一部分，代表着她的文化背景。 故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次活动让每个人都联系在了一起。A. freed 释放；B. relaxed 放松；C.
amused 逗乐；D. connected 联系。根据后文“A girl named Sophie even proposed
12
a French-Chinese
cookbook together for the school fair and suggested including family dishes passed down through generations.”可
知，这次活动让每个人都 “联系” 在了一起。 故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经忽视她的学生现在热情地和她打招呼。A. betrayed 背叛；B.
overlooked 忽视；C. envied 嫉妒；D. misled 误导。根据前文同学们对李梅午餐的态度以及 “now greeted
her warmly” 可知，曾经 “忽视” 她的同学现在热情地和她打招呼。 故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个叫苏菲的女孩甚至提议为学校集市一起编写一本法中食谱，并建议收
录代代相传的家庭菜肴。A. borrowing 借入；B. authoring 编写；C. promoting 促进，宣传；D. sponsoring 赞
助。根据下文 “a French-Chinese cookbook together for the school fair” 可知，女孩苏菲提议一起 “编写”
一本法中食谱。 故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后一天，一本名为《超越国界的美食》的书里满是食谱。A. stories 故事；
B. photos 照片；C. recipes 食谱；D. quotes 引用语。根据前文提到的编写食谱以及 “a book titled Bites
Beyond Borders” 可知，这本书里充满了 “食谱”。 故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一顿简单的午餐教会了她比任何教科书都多的关于归属感的知识。A. game
游戏；B. question 问题；C. gift 礼物；D. lunch 午餐。根据上文“her lunch”可知，文章围绕李梅的午餐展开
一系列故事，所以这里表示一顿简单的 “午餐” 教会了她关于归属感的知识。 故选D。
15．考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：杜邦先生咬了一口红豆羊角面包说：“食物是最美味的外交政
策。”A. tastiest 最美味的；B. heaviest 最重的；C. oldest 最古老的；D. fastest 最快的。根据文章通过食物
促进文化交流的主旨可知，杜邦先生说食物是 “最美味的” 外交政策。 故选A。
（2025·湖北武汉·二模）Growing up in Calgary, our kids had only seen buildings from the 1900s. We
wanted to show them 1 castles, medieval monuments, and grand palaces, so we traveled to Edinburgh to
take a family trip.
Scotland holds a personal connection for us, as my boys have Scottish 2 , we hoped this trip would
connect them to their ancestors’ culture.
Our airport taxi driver pointed out landmarks and shared historical facts. Through his 3 Scottish
accent, he suggested visiting the National Records office to explore our family history. Despite their 4 , my
kids grew excited to explore their family history. As we entered the city, Edinburgh Castle was 5
majestically on the volcanic rock — a 6 reminder of Scotland’s 7 past that would help my
children connect with their heritage.
Walking along the Royal Mile, my boys were 8 by the souvenir shops. Among the tartan scarves
arranged by 9 , they found their family’s unique 10 . Though we didn’t 11 anything,
this discovery gave them a strong sense of 12 to their ancestors.
This trip became a meaningful 13 of cultural discovery. Sometimes the most valuable things aren’t
what we buy, but what we 14 about ourselves and our 15 .
1．A．modern
B．ancient
C．damaged
D．fictional
2．A．friends
B．language
C．heritage
D．food
3．A．indifferent
B．peculiar
C．familiar
D．thick
4．A．curiosity
B．jet lag
C．drawback
D．confusion
5．A．situated
B．stood
C．lay
D．floated
6．A．painful
B．permanent
C．temporary
D．visual
7．A．awful
B．glorious
C．dull
D．luxurious
8．A．bored
B．embarrassed
C．scared
D．attracted
9．A．character
B．size
C．tribe
D．gesture
10．A．pattern
B．tradition
C．choir
D．privacy
11．A．sell
B．purchase
C．make
D．break
12．A．connection
B．distance
C．struggle
D．conflict
13．A．journey
B．business
C．career
D．navigation
14．A．achieve
B．hide
C．reflect
D．learn
15．A．future
B．routine
C．past
D．Setback
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B
12．A 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带孩子前往爱丁堡旅行，通过参观历史建筑、探索家族史等
经历，让孩子与祖先文化建立连接的故事。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想让他们看看古老的城堡、中世纪遗迹和宏伟的宫殿，所以我们去
了爱丁堡进行家庭旅行。A. modern 现代的；B. ancient 古老的；C. damaged 受损的；D. fictional 虚构的。
根据下文“medieval monuments”可知，下文提到了中世纪遗迹，这些都是古老的建筑，与上文“only seen
buildings from the 1900s”形成对比，突出想让孩子见识更久远的历史建筑。故选B 项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏格兰对我们来说有着私人的联系，因为我的孩子们有苏格兰血统，我们
希望这次旅行能让他们与祖先的文化建立联系。A. friends 朋友；B. language 语言；C. heritage 血统；D.
food 食物。根据上文“Scotland holds a personal connection for us”以及下文“connect them to their ancestors’
culture”可知，上文提到了苏格兰对我们有特殊的意义，下文说的是让他们与祖先的文化建立联系，可推理
出孩子们与苏格兰有血缘关联。故选C 项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过他浓重的苏格兰口音，他建议我们去国家档案馆探索我们的家族史。
A. indifferent 冷漠的；B. peculiar 奇特的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D. thick 浓重的。根据下文“Scottish accent”
可知，下文提到了苏格兰口音，可推理出此处说的是浓重的苏格兰口音。故选D 项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管孩子们有时差反应，但他们对探索家族史变得兴奋起来。A. curiosity 好
奇；B. jet lag 时差反应；C. drawback 缺点；D. confusion 困惑。根据上文“Our airport taxi driver”可知，他
们刚抵达机场，结合常识，长途飞行后通常会有“jet lag(时差反应)”，表明尽管身体不适，仍对活动产生
兴趣。故选B 项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们进入这座城市时，爱丁堡城堡雄伟地坐落在火山岩上——这是对苏
格兰辉煌过去的一种视觉提醒，能帮助我的孩子与他们的文化遗产建立联系。A. situated 位于（强调地理
位置）；B. stood 站立（强调直立状态）；C. lay 躺（强调平躺）；D. floated 漂浮。根据下文“on the
volcanic rock”可知，下文提到了在火山岩上，可推理出此处说的是爱丁堡城堡雄伟地坐落在火山岩上。故
选A 项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同第5 题。A. painful 痛苦的；B. permanent 永久的；C. temporary 临时的；
D. visual 视觉的。根据上文“on the volcanic rock”可知，上文提到了在火山岩上，这是肉眼可见的景象，可
推理出此处强调通过视觉感知的提醒，故选D 项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同第5 题。A. awful 糟糕的；B. glorious 辉煌的；C. dull 乏味的；D.
luxurious 奢华的。根据上文“majestically”可知，上文提到了“雄伟地”，可推理出此处说的是苏格兰的辉
煌的过去。故选B 项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：沿着皇家一英里大道散步时，我的孩子们被纪念品商店吸引住了。A. bored
使厌烦；B. embarrassed 使尴尬；C. scared 使害怕；D. attracted 吸引。根据下文“by the souvenir shops”可知，
下文提到了纪念品商店，可推理出此处说的是孩子们被商店里的物品吸引。故选D 项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在按部落排列的格子围巾中，他们发现了家族独特的图案。A. character 性
格；B. size 尺寸；C. tribe 部落；D. gesture 手势。根据上文“the tartan scarves”可知，上文提到了格子围巾，
这是一种苏格兰格子花纹，常与不同家族或部落关联，可推理出此处说的是按部落排列的格子围巾。故选
C 项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第9 题。A. pattern 图案；B. tradition 传统；C. choir 唱诗班；D. privacy
隐私。根据上文“the tartan scarves”可知，上文提到了格子围巾，根据历史常识，这是一种苏格兰格子花纹，
常与不同家族或部落关联，它的核心特征是其独特的格子。故选A 项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们什么也没买，但这一发现让他们强烈地感受到与祖先的联系。A.
sell 卖；B. purchase 购买；C. make 制作；D. break 打破。根据下文“the most valuable things aren't what we
buy”可知，下文说的是最有价值的东西不是我们买的东西，可推理出此处指没有购买任何东西。故选B 项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第11 题。A. connection 联系；B. distance 距离；C. struggle 挣扎；D.
conflict 冲突。根据上文“we hoped this trip would connect them to their ancestors’ culture”可知，上文说的是
我们希望这次旅行能让他们与祖先的文化建立联系，可推理出此处说的是这一发现让他们强烈地感受到与
祖先的联系。故选A 项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行成为一次有意义的文化发现之旅。A. journey 旅程；B. business 商
业；C. career 职业；D. navigation 导航。根据上文“this trip”以及下文“cultural discovery”可知，上文说的
是这次旅行，下文说的是文化发现，可推理出此处说的是这次旅行成为一次有意义的文化发现之旅。故选
A 项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，最有价值的东西不是我们买的，而是我们对自己和过去的了解。
A. achieve 实现；B. hide 隐藏；C. reflect 反思；D. learn 了解。根据上文“this trip”以及“cultural discovery”
可知，上文说的是文化发现之旅，可推理出此处说的是我们对自己和过去的了解。故选D 项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第14 题。A. future 未来；B. routine 日常；C. past 过去；D. setback 挫折。
根据上文“ancestors’ culture”以及“family history”可知，上文提到了祖先文化以及家族史，可推理出此处
强调对家族过往的探索。故选C 项。
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
（2025·江西新余·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Hakka (客家) origins are obscure (含糊的). Like other Han people of China, their ancestors 1
(originate) from someplace in the Yellow River basin in north China, but unlike other people of China, they tended
2 (remain) migratory for the last 1,000 years. They are a people who, either out of necessity or because they
wanted to, migrated a lot, 3 (go) from Central China to southern China and then overseas in the last
several hundred years.
They have a distinct Hakka language that is somewhat related 4 Mandarin, and though they are
Han Chinese, their customs are different. As the tulou in Fujian, Jiangxi, and northern Guangdong show, they had
their own preferred style of 5 (construct) too. In northeast Guangzhou, the Hakka built in the weilongwu
and the sijiaolou styles as explained in the Architecture Features section.
Hakka have their own cuisine style. They are good at making a salted pickled mustard (榨菜) cabbage, 6
one special Hakka dish combines steamed pork or fish with the salted mustard cabbage to make meicai kourou.
Also, many Hakka went overseas to settle when massacres (屠杀) against 7 (they) started in the
19th century.
Many famous people in China’s history 8 (be) Hakka. They often had leadership 9
(role) in governments and armies of the past. Sun Yat Sen, called the “Father of Modern China,” was 10
Hakka for example.
【答案】
1．originated 2．to remain 3．going 4．to 5．construction 6．and 7．them 8．
have been/are 9．roles 10．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了客家人的起源、语言、建筑风格、饮食特色以及在中国历史
上的重要人物。
1．考查时态。句意：像中国的其他汉族人一样，他们的祖先起源于中国北方黄河流域的某个地方，但与
中国其他民族不同的是，在过去的1000 年里，他们一直倾向于迁移。此处描述过去发生的事情，时态使用
一般过去时，谓语用originate“起源于”的过去式。故填originated。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。tend to do sth.为固定短语，意为“倾向于做某事”，本空用remain“保
持”的不定式，作宾语。故填to remain。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是一个要么出于必要，要么因为他们想，在过去几百年里经常迁移的民
族，从中国中部迁移到中国南部，然后到海外。who 引导的定语从句中已有谓语动词migrated，空处需填
非谓语动词，作状语，逻辑主语they 和go 为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填going。
4．考查介词。句意：他们有一种独特的客家话，与普通话有些关系，虽然他们是汉族人，但他们的习俗
却不同。be related to 为固定短语，意为“与……有关”，to 为介词。故填to。
5．考查名词。句意：正如福建、江西和粤北的土楼所显示的那样，他们也有自己喜欢的建筑风格。of 为
介词，空处需填名词construction“建筑”，作宾语。故填construction。
6．考查连词。句意：他们擅长制作盐腌芥菜，其中一道特别的客家菜是将蒸猪肉或鱼与盐腌芥菜结合，
制成梅菜扣肉。前后句为承接关系，用and 连接，故填and。
7．考查代词。句意：此外，19 世纪针对他们的屠杀开始时，许多客家人到海外定居。against 为介词，后
面需加宾格形式them，作宾语。故填them。
8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国历史上有许多名人是客家人。此处陈述客观事实，时态使用一般现
在时，主语为people，be 动词用are。或者：根据in China’s history 可知，此处表示从过去到现在的情况，
时态应用现在完成时；主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been/are。
9．考查名词。句意：他们常常在过去的政府和军队中担任领导职务。role“地位，职务”为可数名词，此
处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式，作had 的宾语。故填roles。
10．考查冠词。句意：例如，被称为“现代中国之父”的孙中山就是一位客家人。Hakka 为可数名词，此
处表示泛指“一位客家人”，且发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a 修饰。故填a。
（2025·海南海口·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答
案填写在答题卡上。
Blue-and-white porcelain (青花瓷), a product of 1 (share) creativity, tells a story of how East and
West craftsmanship harmonized. In the Yuan Dynasty, Persian merchants 2 (bring) special pigments (颜
料) to Jingdezhen, 3 porcelain traditions had been perfected. Local craftsmen mixed these pigments with
white clay, creating the iconic blue patterns. By 4 (paint) traditional Chinese designs using foreign
materials, they achieved a perfect 5 (combine) of traditions.
Over the centuries, this technique steadily advanced. During the Ming Dynasty, porcelain became 6
major export product. European nobles loved its unique charm, calling it “white gold”. 7 (meet) their
needs, Chinese artists added European elements like rose patterns to traditional landscapes, making the porcelain
more appealing 8 westerners.
Today, this global dialogue continues in museums worldwide. A Ming-era dish that once belonged to a
French King sits in the Louvre nowadays. Its journey from Jingdezhen to the Palace of Versailles, marked by
countless hands across continents, reflects how beauty goes beyond borders. 9 Craig Clunas noted, “The
blue that fascinates the world is never 10 (mere) a color — it is a language.”
【答案】
1．shared 2．brought 3．where 4．painting 5．combination 6．a 7．To meet 8．
to 9．As 10．merely
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了青花瓷作为东西方工艺融合的产物，其发展历程及意义，体现了
美无国界。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：青花瓷是共享创意的产物，讲述了东西方工艺如何协调的故事。此处为非谓
语动词作定语修饰名词creativity，share 与creativity 之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式shared，
意为“共享的”。故填shared。
2．考查动词时态。句意：元代，波斯商人将特殊颜料带到景德镇，那里的制瓷传统已经完善。此处为谓
语动词，根据时间状语“In the Yuan Dynasty”可知，此处用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为bring 的过去式形
式brought，意为“带来”。故填brought。
3．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语、宾语和表语，
所以使用关系副词，先行词为Jingdezhen，指地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where 引导。故填
where。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过用外国材料绘制中国传统图案，他们实现了传统的完美结合。此处作介
词By 的宾语，用动名词painting。故填painting。
5．考查名词。句意：同上。此处作achieved 的宾语，用combine 的名词combination，意为“结合”，为
可数名词，由a 可知用单数。故填combination。
6．考查冠词。句意：明代，瓷器成为主要出口产品。product 为可数名词单数，此处表泛指“一种主要出
口产品”，且major 是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了满足他们的需求，中国艺术家在传统山水画中加入了玫瑰图案等欧洲元
素，使瓷器对西方人更具吸引力。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，用动词不定式to
meet 作目的状语，意为“为了满足”，句首单词首字母大写。故填To meet。
8．考查介词。句意：同上。此处为固定搭配appeal to，意为“对……有吸引力”符合句意，所以此处使用
介词to。故填to。
9．考查定语从句。句意：正如克雷格·克卢纳斯所指出的，“令世界着迷的蓝色不仅仅是一种颜色——它
是一种语言。” 此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为后面整个句子，用关系代词as 引导，
意为“正如”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
10．考查副词。句意：同上。此处修饰be 动词is，用mere 的副词形式merely，意为“仅仅”。故填
merely。
03 高考溯源练
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）English Market Towns to Visit in the UK
English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and
services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop.
Hereford, Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops,
eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.
It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Ludlow, Shropshire
Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England. Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops
line the town square. Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold. The three-
day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September.
Shrewsbury, Shropshire
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has
a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect
market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere-hanging
baskets, window boxes, and planters-just what you imagine in an attractive English market town.
Mevagissey, Cornwall
Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey, you’ve probably seen it in a movie or
British TV show. The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774. Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in
harbor-side markets. Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It’s delicious.
1．Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta?
A．In the Ludlow Castle.
B．In the Foodie Center of England.
C．In the Hereford Cathedral.
D．In the Black and White House Museum.
2．What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center?
A．It’s situated near a big island.
B．It’s almost surrounded by water.
C．It’s known for its flower festival.
D．It’s easily accessible from London.
3．What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey?
A．Try the Cornish pie.
B．Watch a British TV show.
C．Go fishing in the sea.
D．Take pictures of the harbor.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了英国值得一游的四个市场小镇及其特色和亮点。
1．细节理解题。根据Hereford, Herefordshire 部分中“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building
in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
(赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它还拥有一座古老的图书馆，《大宪章》的四份原始副本
之一便陈列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury, Shropshire 部分中“The River Severn has a significant turn through town,
almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be
shipped and received using the river as a highway. (塞文河在流经小镇时出现一个明显的转弯，几乎将什鲁斯
伯里镇中心变成一座孤岛。这种地形造就了一个绝佳的集市，在这里，人们可以借助这条河流作为运输通
道来收发货物)”可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。故选B 项。
3．细节理解题。根据Mevagissey, Cornwall 部分中“Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Comish pie.
It’s delicious. (离开港口前一定要尝尝传统的康沃尔馅饼。它很美味)”可知，作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西一定
要尝尝康沃尔馅饼。故选A 项。
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent
years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many
parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into
the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new
book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and
the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for
new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian
journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her
local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor
(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in
Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were
completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.
In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate
of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really
recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of
Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1?
A．Cars often get stuck on the road.
B．Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C．People walk less and drive more.
D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
2．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do?
A．Keep their cities livable.
B．Promote cultural diversity.
C．Help the needy families.
D．Make expressways accessible.
3．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A．They boosted the sales of cars.
B．They turned out largely ineffective.
C．They won government support.
D．They advocated building new parks.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Why the Rush?
B．What’s Next?
C．Where to Stay?
D．Who to Blame?
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿
童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent
years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many
parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into
the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤
其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车
里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to
Manhattan in the early 1920s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its
proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a
decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20 世纪20 年代初举家迁往曼
哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane
Jacobs 呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者
和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the
majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on
roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设
计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20 世纪30 年代末和70 年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻
止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we
fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move
safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正
的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价
吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A 项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”
质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
