题型06 阅读理解记叙文
题型简介
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件
等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间
的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一
直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻
松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等
方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是
一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事
所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 ＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
记叙文的目的在于：讲述故事：交代事件的起因、经过、发展和结果。塑造人物：通过人物的言
行、心理活动来展现其性格与情感。表达情感/阐明道理：故事背后往往蕴含着深刻的人生哲理、
情感体验或社会价值。
设题类型&命题方式
目录
第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局
第二部分 考向破译
解
微观
剖，精细教学
典例引领
方法透视
变式演练
考向01 人物类记叙文【常考】
考向02 叙事类记叙文【常考】
考向03 状物类记叙文
第三部分 综合巩固
合
整
应用，模拟实战
专题01 高考真题练
专题02 优秀模拟题
考向1：人物类记叙文
这类文章以塑造人物形象为核心，通过具体事例展现人物的性格、品质、情感和贡献。
1）细节理解题
命题方式：直接询问人物的具体信息，如：人物的某个行为、所说的话、取得的成就、生平背景
等。常见问法：
What did the person do when...?
According to the passage, how did he achieve...?
2）推理判断题（重点）
命题方式：要求根据人物的言行、选择以及他人评价，推断其内在的性格特征、情感态度、动机
或品质。
常见问法：
What can we infer about the person's character from Paragraph X?
How did the person probably feel after the event?
Why did the person make such a decision? (考查动机)
What kind of person is...?
3）主旨大意题
命题方式：考查对人物形象的整体把握，或概括文章主要目的是为了展现人物的哪个方面。
常见问法：
What is the main purpose of the passage?
What is the best title for the passage? (通常包含人物名称或其核心品质)
What does the author mainly want to tell us about the person?
4）观点态度题
命题方式：考查作者或文中其他人物对主人公的态度是钦佩、同情、批评还是中立。
常见问法：
What is the author's attitude towards the person?
考向2：叙事类记叙文
这类文章以叙述事件为核心，强调情节的发展、转折和结果，并从中引出教训、感悟或启示。
1）细节理解题
命题方式：考查对事件发生的时间、地点、原因、经过、结果等具体信息的把握，有时会要求对
事件发展过程进行排序。
常见问法：
What caused the event to happen?
What was the turning point of the story?
2）推理判断题（重点）
命题方式：要求根据情节发展，推测事件的后续影响、人物的命运，或分析事件之间的因果关系。
常见问法：
What would probably happen next?
What can be inferred from the end of the story?
Why did the event end in such a way? (考查深层因果)
3）主旨大意题（高频）
命题方式：考查对事件背后深层寓意、人生教训或作者写作意图的理解。这是叙事文的必考点。
常见问法：
What is the main idea of the passage?
What does the story want to tell us?
What lesson did the author learn from the experience?
4）词义猜测题
命题方式：文中的生词或短语往往与关键情节或人物动作相关，需要根据上下文语境进行推断。
常见问法：
The underlined word "..." in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
What does the phrase "..." refer to in the context?
考向3：状物类记叙文
这类文章以一个具体的“物”（如旧物、动物、地点）为核心，通过对它的描述，抒发情感、寄
托思念或象征某种精神。
1）写作目的与主旨题（核心）
命题方式：直接考查作者描写该“物”的深层意图，即“借物抒情”或“托物言志”中的“情”
和“志”是什么。
常见问法：
What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?
Why does the author describe the ... in such detail?
What is the best title for the passage? (标题通常会体现“物”与“情”的联系)
2）含义理解与推断题
命题方式：考查对“物”的象征意义、情感价值或它作为线索所连接的记忆与人物的理解。
常见问法：
What does the ... symbolize in the author's heart?
What can we learn about the author's grandfather from the description of the watch?
What does the author really mean by mentioning the old tree?
3）细节理解题
命题方式：询问关于“物”本身的外观、来源、功能等细节，但这些细节通常是为表达情感服务
的。
常见问法：
How did the author get the ...?
What is special about the ... according to the passage?
4）观点态度题
命题方式：考查作者对该“物”所怀有的情感，如珍爱、怀念、感激、遗憾等。
常见问法：
How does the author feel towards the ...?
What is the tone of the passage?
解题思路
第一部分：通用解题法 —— 应对所有记叙文的四大步骤
无论遇到哪种类型的记叙文，遵循以下四个步骤，能保证你思路清晰，不遗漏关键信息。
步骤1：速读全文，抓住要素，把握主线
目标：不要在第一遍阅读时就纠结于生词或细节。你的任务是搞懂“谁，在何时何地，做了什么
事，结果如何，有何感悟”。
解题步骤：
圈出主要人物（Who）。
划出故事发生的时间、地点（When & Where）。
用一句话在心里概括核心事件或人物特征（What）。
特别关注首段和尾段，这里往往是主旨的所在。
步骤2：审读题干，定位关键词
目标：明确题目在问什么，并带着问题回到文中寻找答案。
解题步骤：
仔细阅读题干和每个选项。
找出题干中的关键词，如：人名、地名、动词、名词短语、引号内的词等。
判断题型（是细节题、推理题还是主旨题）。
步骤3：精读定位，分析判断
目标：根据关键词，回到原文中找到相关的句子或段落（定位），并进行深入分析。
行动：
“地毯式”搜索：在原文中找到与题干关键词对应或同义替换的句子。
“语境式”理解：精读定位句及其前后句，确保理解准确。
对于不同题型：
细节题：直接比对选项与原文，注意同义替换。
推理/词义题：分析上下文逻辑关系（因果、转折、举例、定义等）。
主旨/目的题：回顾文章整体结构和首尾段。
步骤4：比对选项，排除干扰
目标：选出最符合原文的答案。
核心：熟知错误选项的常见陷阱：无中生有：选项内容原文未提及。偷换概念：对原文信息进行
细微的曲解。以偏概全：用局部信息代替整体主旨。过度绝对：使用如 always, never, all 等绝对化
词汇。正反混淆：与原文信息完全相反。
第二部分：专项技巧 —— 针对三大考向的解题重心
在运用通用心法的基础上，针对不同考向，你的思考重心应有所侧重。
1. 人物类记叙文：核心方法是“由事见人”
阅读重心：关注所有用于描写人物的形容词、副词、动词以及人物的对话、心理活动和他人评价。
解题关键：
遇到询问“性格、品质、态度”的题目，不要主观臆断，一定要在文中找到具体事例作为证据。
将人物的行为（做了什么）与其背后的动机（为什么做）和品质（体现了他是什么样的人）联系
起来。
公式：具体事例/言行 推断出 性格
→
→
/品质/情感
2. 叙事类记叙文：核心方法是“由事及理”
阅读重心：理清情节发展链条（起因
经过
高潮
结果），特别关注事件的
→
→
→
转折点和最终结果。
解题关键：
遇到询问“主旨、教训、启示”的题目，答案往往藏在故事的结局或作者在文末的直接议论和抒
情中。
叙事文的最终目的不是讲故事本身，而是通过故事表达一个观点或道理。因此，读完一定要问自
己：“作者想通过这个故事告诉我什么？”
公式：完整事件（尤其结果）+ 作者感悟 提炼出 主旨
→
→
/启示
3. 状物类记叙文：核心方法是“由物及情”
阅读重心：不要被对“物”的细致描写所迷惑，要思考“这个物背后关联着什么人？什么事？承
载了什么情感？”
解题关键：
遇到询问“写作目的、象征意义、作者情感”的题目，答案绝不是物体本身的物理属性，而是它
的情感价值和精神象征。
文中对物的描写（如“破旧但整洁”）往往暗示了相关人物的品质或作者的情感（如“珍视、怀
念”）。
公式：物的特征/来历 + 相关回忆/人物 挖掘出 情感
→
→
/精神象征
考向01 人物类记叙文
【例1-1】（25-26 高三·江西·一轮复习阶段检测）
When Dr. Daniel Olaiya isn’t presenting Operation Ouch! on CBBC, he is working as a National Health
Service doctor, specializing in anesthesiology (麻醉学). He is also a flight doctor, which means he works on air
ambulances.
Olaiya’s interest in science didn’t start with school lessons. Instead, it grew from his love of science fiction.
He was a big fan of superheroes, in particular the X-Men comics. His favourite character was Havok, who can release
powerful energy, which Olaiya thought was really cool. Another hero that he admired was the film character Indiana
Jones, an adventurous archaeologist and professor at a university. He used to dream of becoming “Indiana Jones” in
his own way.
Becoming a doctor wasn’t always Olaiya’s dream, but by the end of secondary school, he viewed it as a career
where he would deal with people, go on adventures and use his scientific knowledge, which was both enjoyable and
challenging. Pre-medical studies were really difficult because there was a lot to study. He struggled with it, but when
he started his degree at the University of Exeter, he says, “That was when the fun began.” He loved outdoor adventures
and activities while he was studying there.
In 2016, Olaiya joined FameLab, a global science communication competition, to share scientific ideas with
audience. He delivered a creative three-minute talk on the science of happiness. The next year, he participated again,
despite arriving an hour late due to heavy traffic. The talk ended up being a success and Olaiya made it through to
FameLab’s national final.
Science communication is still an important part of Olaiya’s job — he is now one of the presenters on
Operation Ouch! on CBBC． His most important advice for any young doctor is to work really hard at school and
“dive as deep as you can into the science and the human aspect, because you can’t have one without the other in
medicine.”
1． What initially sparked Olaiya’s scientific interest?
A．Characters in science fiction.
B．A global speech competition.
C．Formal classroom education.
D．Medical training in university.
2． Why did Olaiya take part in FameLab?
A．To win its final prize.
B．To better spread science.
C．To be a TV presenter.
D．To show his medical skills.
3． Which of the following words can best describe Olaiya?
A．Reserved and talented.
B．Independent and ambitious.
C．Warm-hearted and creative.
D．Adventurous and determined.
4． What does Olaiya’s advice highlight?
A．All efforts will pay off one day.
B．It is never too late to learn science.
C．Medicine needs humanity and science.
D．Caring for patients overweighs skills.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了医生兼科学传播者Daniel Olaiya 的职业生涯，分享了他如何从科
幻迷成长为医学专家，并通过FameLab 和电视节目推动科学普及，还强调医学需兼顾科学与人道精神。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Olaiya’s interest in science didn’t start with school lessons. Instead, it grew
from his love of science fiction. He was a big fan of superheroes, in particular the X-Men comics. (Olaiya 的科学
兴趣并非始于学校课程，而是源于他对科幻小说的热爱。他特别喜欢超级英雄，尤其是《X 战警》漫
画。)”可知，最初激发Olaiya 科学兴趣的是科幻小说中的角色。故选A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2016, Olaiya joined FameLab, a global science communication competition,
to share scientific ideas with audience. (2016 年，Olaiya 参加了一项全球科学传播比赛FameLab，旨在向观众
分享科学理念。)”可知，Olaiya 参加FameLab 的目的是更好地传播科学。故选B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“He is also a flight doctor, which means he works on air ambulances. (他也是一
名飞行医生，这意味着他在空中救护车上工作。)”和第三段中“He loved outdoor adventures and activities
while he was studying there. (当他在那里学习时，他喜欢户外冒险和活动。)”可知，Olaiya 热爱户外探险活
动，且从事飞行医生这样高挑战性的职业，表明他具有冒险精神；根据第三段中“Pre-medical studies were
really difficult because there was a lot to study. He struggled with it, but when he started his degree at the
University of Exeter, he says, “That was when the fun began.” (医学预科学习真的很难，因为要学的东西太多
了。他曾为此挣扎过，但当他开始在埃克塞特大学攻读学位时，他说：“那就是乐趣开始的时候。”)”可
知，Olaiya 克服医学预科困难，表明他有坚定决心。故选D 项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“His most important advice for any young doctor is to work really hard at
school and “dive as deep as you can into the science and the human aspect, because you can’t have one without the
other in medicine.” (他对年轻医生最重要的建议是在学校努力学习，“尽可能深入地研究科学和人文方面，
因为在医学上，两者缺一不可。”)”可知，Olaiya 的建议强调医学必须结合科学与人文。故选C 项。
【例1-2】(25-26 高三上·四川广安中学·月考)
At first sight, Easthope doesn’t seem much like a Cassandra. She smiles a lot. Her manner is kind and motherly;
pushed to name her profession, you might guess at nurse or teacher. But look closer.
Easthope is an emergency planner whose job is to support the survivors of major disasters, in which capacity
she acted following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the fire at Grenfell Tower. For two decades, the public knew
nothing about this vital work, which went on behind the scenes, though she was hugely admired in what we might
call professional disaster circles: a voice of calm and a fountain of wisdom. But in 2023, she published a best-selling
book about her career, When the Dust Settles, and that changed. People became very interested in what she did.
“At literary festivals, most authors get questions about their writing process,” Easthope says. “But I wouldn’t
get those. What people wanted from me was to know how I lived with the knowledge that I have. Wasn’t I afraid?
How did I handle? I would tell them that I didn’t live afraid, and I would give them basic advice. But this wasn’t
enough.” In the end, she felt she had no choice but to write a second book, one in which she would try to distill (浓
缩) all that she has learned for the benefit of each individual.
While her publisher describes Come What May as a roadmap for resilience (韧性), the word is one Easthope
dislikes. Ready, she suggests, is a better one. Easthope also reminds people that small things, like losing hair during
illness or consuming too much food after someone dies, still matter. She encourages people to remember, not to
forget, what happened during disasters, because such events leave a long-lasting effect.
1． What might a Cassandra be like according to paragraph 1?
A．Serious and unapproachable.
B．Competent and cautious.
C．Friendly and energetic.
D．Cheerful and easy-going.
2．What led to increased public awareness of Easthope’s work in 2023?
A．The publication of a bestseller.
B．The growth of professional disaster circles.
C．Her involvement in 2004 tsunami relief. D．Her sudden rise to fame through media.
3．Why are readers’ questions cited (引用) in paragraph 3?
A．To reveal Easthope’s personal fears.
B．To explain Easthope’s writing process.
C．To show Easthope’s writing motivation. D．To present public doubts about Easthope’s work.
4． What does Easthope agree on handling disasters?
A．Resilience matters most.
B．Forgetting aids recovery.
C．Positive thinking takes the lead.
D．Minor sufferings deserve attention.
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述应急规划师伊斯特霍普的职业经历、著作出版后受到的关注，以及
她关于人们应对灾难的观点和建议。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“At first sight, Easthope doesn’t seem much like a Cassandra. She smiles a
lot. Her manner is kind and motherly; pushed to name her profession, you might guess at nurse or teacher. But look
closer. (乍一看，伊斯特霍普不太像卡桑德拉。她经常微笑。她的举止和蔼可亲，像母亲一样；如果非要说
出她的职业，你可能会猜是护士或老师。但再仔细看看。)”可知，伊斯特霍普的“笑容满面、亲切有母
性”与卡桑德拉的特质相反，由此可推知卡桑德拉应是严肃且难以接近的。故选A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But in 2023, she published a best-selling book about her career, When the
Dust Settles, and that changed. People became very interested in what she did.(但在2023 年，她出版了一本关于
自己职业生涯的畅销书《尘埃落定之时》，一切都变了。人们开始对她的工作产生浓厚兴趣)”可知，2023
年一本畅销书的出版让公众对伊斯特霍普的工作有了更多了解。故选A 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中““At literary festivals, most authors get questions about their writing process,”
Easthope says. “But I wouldn’t get those. What people wanted from me was to know how I lived with the
knowledge that I have. Wasn’t I afraid? How did I handle? I would tell them that I didn’t live afraid, and I would
give them basic advice. But this wasn’t enough.”(伊斯特霍普坦言：“文学节上，大多数作家都会被问及创作
过程，但没人问我这些。人们想了解的是，我如何背负着这些认知继续生活。难道不害怕吗？如何应对？
我会告诉他们我从不活在恐惧中，并给出基本建议。但这远远不够。”)”和“In the end, she felt she had no
choice but to write a second book, one in which she would try to distill all that she has learned for the benefit of
each individual.(最终，她觉得自己别无选择，只能写第二本书，一本试图浓缩她所学一切、造福每个人的
书)”可知，引用读者的问题是为了说明这些问题让伊斯特霍普意识到需要通过写书分享更多经验，即体现
她写第二本书的动机。故选C 项。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Easthope also reminds people that small things, like losing hair during
illness or consuming too much food after someone dies, still matter.(伊斯特霍普还提醒人们，一些小事仍然重
要，比如生病时脱发或有人去世后暴饮暴食。)”可知，伊斯特霍普认为生病时脱发或有人去世后暴饮暴食
这样的小事也很重要，即微小的痛苦也值得关注。故选D 项。
【变式1-1】(25-26 高三上·安徽·期中)
Even the strongest of swimmers get tears in their goggles ( 护目镜). Just ask Rylee Sayer, whose list of
achievements has become even longer after being selected to compete as an Aquablack at her first-ever World Para
解｜题｜技｜巧
人物类记叙文的核心是 “由事见人” ，即通过具体事件、言行举止来展现人物的品质、性格与
情感。解题时需遵循以下步骤与方法：
第一步：快速浏览，抓住主线
在阅读前，先快速扫读文章首段、尾段以及各段首句，迅速把握文章主旨和人物身份。例如，在
例1-1 中，首段就点明了Dr. Daniel Olaiya 的多重身份；例1-2 则通过对比手法引出Easthope 的独特
职业特点。
关注人物特征：注意描述人物性格、品质或情感的关键词，
如"adventurous"、"determined"、"calm"。
第二步：分析题干，精准定位
仔细阅读题目和选项，确定题型（细节题、推理题或主旨题）。
根据题干中的关键词（如人名、地名、特定事件）迅速定位到原文相关段落。例如，例1-1 的第1
题通过"initially sparked scientific interest"定位到第二段。
第三步：深度解读，推理判断
细节理解题：在定位区间寻找直接对应信息，注意同义替换。如例1-1 第1 题中，"love of science
fiction"与选项A 中的"characters in science fiction"形成对应。
推理判断题：
o
性格品质题：将人物的行为与品质关联。如例1-1 第3 题，通过Olaiya 选择飞行医生职业和克服学
业困难的行为，推断出他"adventurous and determined"的品质。
写作目的题：结合全文主旨，分析人物行为背后的深层动机。如例1-1 第2 题，通过"to share
scientific ideas"推断参与FameLab 的目的是传播科学。
注｜意｜事｜项
1.
严格遵循"文本证据"原则：所有答案必须基于原文，避免主观臆断。如例1-1 第3 题，必须找
到Olaiya 具体的行为证据来推断其品质。
2.
把握人物塑造的多元手法：注意通过人物言行、他人评价、对比衬托等手法来理解人物特征。
例1-2 中通过"doesn't seem much like a Cassandra"的对比，突出Easthope 的独特形象。
3.
区分事实与观点：事实是文中明确陈述的信息，观点则需要通过推理得出。如例1-2
中"Easthope is an emergency planner"是事实，而她对"resilience"一词的态度是观点。
4.
领会深层主旨：人物类文章往往通过个人经历传达普遍价值观。如例1-1 通过Olaiya 的经历强
调医学中科学与人文并重。
Swimming Championships(WPSC).
The Hauraki Plains College student was born with a rare condition, and later, she suffered from an aggressive
form of bone cancer. Within a month of the diagnosis (诊断), she had to have a forequarter amputation (截肢) of her
right arm.
But with all her courage and determination, Rylee has taken the suffering and turned it into a positive. Despite
her limb loss, Rylee held on firmly to her passion for swimming. Training six to seven times weekly at Matamata
Swim Club under coach Graeme Laing, she rebuilt her strength and technique. “All the training and hard work has
paid off,” she told The Profile. “I have had a lot of tears in my goggles, but my motivation always wipes them away.
Her efforts led to a historic moment: selection for the 2023 World Para Swimming Championships in Manchester,
Great Britain. She said she cried with excitement alongside her mum and a close friend who gave her “a big hug”.
“I am more than grateful to have the opportunity,” she said. Being her first WPSC, she said it was hard to know
what to expect, but she aimed to reach finals and set personal bests. Her pre-race routine included hype music for
mental focus and careful stretching.
She said her motivation is rooted in how far she has come from the start of her cancer journey. “Little me
would be so proud of how far I have come now,” she said. “I’m grateful to everyone who has been helping me on
this journey, especially my family.”
1．What directly contributes to Rylee’s amputation?
A．A serious athletic injury.
B．The delay in treatment.
C．A severe bone condition.
D．The after-effects of previous surgery.
2．How did Rylee feel when selected to compete in the WPSC?
A．Anxious but proud.
B．Stressed but confident.
C．Calm and responsible.
D．Overjoyed and appreciative.
3．Where does Rylee’s motivation mainly come from?
A．The desire to win the championships.
B．Her pride in participating in the WPSC．
C．Her progress in fighting against the disease.
D．The support from her family and friends.
4．What does Rylee’s story tell us?
A．It’s never too old to learn.
B．Well begun is half done.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
【变式1-2】(25-26 高三上·江苏泰州靖江·期中)
Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Zhen Ning Yang, one of the most influential scientists in modern
physics, passed away in Beijing on October 18 due to illness at the age of 103.
Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math professor.
After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He enrolled in the University
of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American
physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938. He later became a professor at the Institute for
Advanced Study in Princeton.
Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that
led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize website. They were
the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics.
Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific
and educational developments. His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him
recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States. He later
proposed the restoration and strengthening of basic scientific research to China’s central leadership. He also raised
funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly
100Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States. These scholars later became the backbone of China’
s scientific and technological development. He undertook extensive work to promote China’s scientific and
technological exchange and progress, offering advice and exercising significant influence on major Chinese scientific
projects and the formulation (制定) of science and education policies.
After returning to Tsinghua University in 1999, he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his
new mission. He poured enormous effort into advancing fundamental disciplines like physics and cultivating talents
at Tsinghua, making remarkable contributions that greatly impacted the reform and development of Chinese higher
education.
Professor Yang’s life stands as a timeless chapter in human history — one that shines not only for China but
for the global community of thinkers and innovators.
1．What is the article mainly about?
A．Yang’s lifelong contributions to China.
B．Yang’s research on elementary particles.
C．Yang’s influence on global science policy.
D．Yang’s educational background in America.
2．Why was Yang’s 1971 visit significant?
A．It focused on political dialogue.
B．It promoted cultural activities in China.
C．It aimed to win a Nobel Prize for China.
D．It initiated academic exchanges with the US.
3．What did Yang do for Chinese scholars?
A．He funded their advanced studies abroad.
B．He helped them win international awards.
C．He taught them advanced physics personally. D．He offered them jobs in American universities.
4．How does the author view Yang’s contributions?
A．It is primarily for Chinese scientists.
B．It belongs to the whole world.
C．It lies in his Nobel Prize achievement.
D．It is mainly about educational reform.
考向02 叙事类记叙文
【例2-1】(24-25 高三下·广西来宾高级中学·)
Holding my hands, my grandparents boarded a green-skinned train in Hangzhou, which rocked and swayed
for twenty-five hours straight to Ulanqab (乌兰察布市), Inner Mongolia. This is my childhood memory of returning
home.
As the train journeyed north, the scenery outside the window gradually transformed from the gentle charm of
the south to the vast openness of the north. Everything felt so beautiful, even the clamor (喧闹) inside the carriage
carried a warmth. Before dawn the next day, I pressed my forehead against the fogged glass, watching the distant
sunrise break through the horizon. It seemed as though the morning sun had risen solely to welcome our return.
After starting elementary school, trips back to my hometown grew sparse, and that direct train quietly closed
down. The rails rusted into dotted lines in memory, and my hometown became a faint shadow on a photographic
negative (照相底片).
Then, last year, Grandpa passed away, and the frequency of returning home suddenly surged. Yet, the journey
no longer held the leisurely comfort of childhood it became a long, exhausting journey. We rushed to the airport
before daybreak, weighed down by luggage check-ins. The cramped cabin and turbulent air currents added discomfort,
while navigating the maze-like airport and enduring hours of road travel left us arriving under completely dark skies.
There was no time to admire the scenery, let alone the endless sea of clouds outside the airplane window.
This year, upon hearing that the long-suspended train had resumed operation, an indescribable excitement
welled up in my heart. A month ago, I finally boarded this long-missed train again. As night fell, the train slowly set
off. The familiar voices in the carriage, mingling with the rhythmic clatter of wheels against tracks, blended into a
nostalgic lullaby (怀旧的摇篮曲). Lying on the bunk, I felt the gentle sway of the train, as though cradled in the arms
of Mother Earth...Years have blurred the details of my memory, and I have sketched it one by one with my
imagination.
Finally, the train arrived at my hometown. The moment I met my grandma, the long-accumulated yearning in
my heart burst out like a tidal stream now...
1．Why does the author describe the train journey in her childhood?
A．To compare the train journey with air travel.
B．To show the inconvenience of traveling by train.
C．To emphasize the long distance to her hometown.
D．To highlight the beauty and warmth of the train journey.
2．What does the underlined word “sparse” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Rare.
B．Frequent.
C．Regular.
D．Complex.
3．What is the author’s attitude towards modern travel by air?
A．Indifferent.
B．Grateful.
C．Dissatisfied.
D．Enthusiastic.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Memories of My Hometown
B．Old tracks Back Home
C．The Change of Transportation
D．The Beauty of Air Travel
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者通过停运后又恢复的火车路线回到家乡的怀旧之旅。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As the train journeyed north, the scenery outside the window gradually
transformed from the gentle charm of the south to the vast openness of the north. Everything felt so beautiful, even
the clamor (喧闹) inside the carriage carried a warmth.(随着火车向北行驶，窗外的景色逐渐由南方的温婉妩媚
变成了北方的广阔开阔。一切都是那么美好，就连车厢里的喧闹声也带着一种温暖)”可知，作者描写她童
年的火车之旅是为了突出火车之旅的美丽和温暖。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“that direct train quietly closed down. The rails rusted into dotted lines in
memory, and my hometown became a faint shadow on a photographic negative(那列直达列车悄悄停运了。铁轨
在记忆中锈迹斑斑，我的家乡成了底片上模糊的影子)”可知，在文章的上下文中作者开始上小学后，那列
直达列车悄然停运了。铁轨在记忆中锈蚀成了点点痕迹，说明回故乡的旅行变得稀少、罕见，sparse 的意
思是“稀少”，和rare 意思相近。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Yet, the journey no longer held the leisurely comfort of childhood it became
a long, exhausting journey. We rushed to the airport before daybreak, weighed down by luggage check-ins. The
cramped cabin and turbulent air currents added discomfort, while navigating the maze-like airport and enduring
hours of road travel left us arriving under completely dark skies. There was no time to admire the scenery, let alone
the endless sea of clouds outside the airplane window.(然而，这段旅程不再有童年的悠闲舒适，它变成了一段
漫长而疲惫的旅程。我们在黎明前赶到机场，行李托运工作压得我们喘不过气来。狭窄的机舱和汹涌的气
流增加了我们的不适，而在迷宫般的机场穿行和长时间的公路旅行让我们在完全黑暗的天空下到达。没有
时间欣赏风景，更不用说飞机窗外无尽的云海了)”可知，作者将现代航空旅行描述为“漫长而疲惫的跋
涉”，有“狭窄的客舱”和“颠簸的气流”。她还提到没有时间欣赏风景，这表明与童年时更悠闲、风景
更美的火车旅行相比，她有一种不满意的感觉。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Holding my hands, my grandparents boarded a green-skinned train
in Hangzhou, which rocked and swayed for twenty-five hours straight to Ulanqab (乌兰察布市), Inner Mongolia.
This is my childhood memory of returning home.(我的祖父母牵着我的手，在杭州登上了一列绿皮火车，火车
摇晃了25 个小时，直达内蒙古乌兰察布。这是我童年回家的记忆)”和倒数第二段“This year, upon hearing
that the long-suspended train had resumed operation, an indescribable excitement welled up in my heart. A month
ago, I finally boarded this long-missed train again. As night fell, the train slowly set off. The familiar voices in the
carriage, mingling with the rhythmic clatter of wheels against tracks, blended into a nostalgic lullaby (怀旧的摇篮
曲). Lying on the bunk, I felt the gentle sway of the train, as though cradled in the arms of Mother Earth...Years
have blurred the details of my memory, and I have sketched it one by one with my imagination.(今年，当我听到
停运已久的火车恢复运行的消息时，一种说不出的兴奋涌上心头。一个月前，我终于再次登上了这趟久违
的列车。夜幕降临，火车慢慢地开动了。车厢里熟悉的声音，加上车轮有节奏地撞击轨道的声音，混成了
一首怀旧的摇篮曲。躺在铺位上，我感觉到火车的轻柔摇晃，仿佛被大地母亲抱在怀里
岁月模糊了我
……
记忆中的细节，我用想象把它一一勾勒出来)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者通过停运后又恢复的火车路线回
到家乡的怀旧之旅。它突出了与过去的情感联系，以及火车之旅在她记忆中的重要性，因此最恰当的题目
是B 选项“Old tracks Back Home(家乡的旧轨道)”。故选B。
【例2-2】（2025·浙江宁波海曙&4 地·一模）
Last spring, my neighbor Donna and I, both in our seventies, spent several hours in the glorious sunshine
enjoying the new season. When it was time to sit down and relax, Donna pulled out her red metal chair from her
garage (车库), and I sat on an overturned plastic bucket (桶). It was fun to catch up on the news that we had missed
during the long winter indoors.
However, over the next few days, it turned out that we needed more than a chair and a bucket which were not
quite comfortable. Donna decided we needed a bench. After dismissing unsuitable options from local stores, she
found a perfect one online. The next day it arrived. Excitedly, she opened the box and started putting it together. We
proudly high-fived each other as the pieces joined up and the bench started to look like one. After a few minutes’
assistance from a neighbour, it was complete. What’s more, it was the perfect fit for two 70-somethings to carry on
late afternoon chats.
Soon, the bench attracted other neighbors. One day, someone called out from the sidewalk, “What do you do
on that bench?” Quick-thinking Donna called back, “It’s our ‘Thinking Bench’! We think about important things
happening in our lives.” Then, the name gradually evolved—after one neighbor sat alone deep in thought, he declared
it a “Decision-Making Bench”; another time, when Donna was caught napping, she insisted she was “meditating (冥
想) ”, adding yet another name.
Last fall, with the temperature falling, we came to the end of sitting outdoors. We were faced with one dilemma-
what to do about it in the winter? Well, we sat down and thought and meditated and decided to put it in Donna’s
garage for the winter.
When I glimpsed it a few times over the next months, the bench sat lonely, holding empty flower pots, and
some flat, old boxes. But now after a long winter, spring flowers are ready to bloom in the warm sunshine, and we
neighbours are ready to welcome “The Bench” back into our lives.
1． Donna decided to replace the chair and bucket to _________.
A．lighten the carrying load
B．attract more neighbours
C．get better seating for chats
D．adapt to warmer weather
2． How did the bench get its various names?
A．From items placed on it.
B．From seasonal discussions.
C．From users’ activities on it.
D．From Donna’s creative ideas.
3． Why are pots and boxes mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To suggest the flowers would soon be planted.
B．To show the bench was not serving its purpose.
C．To describe the bench’s practical use in winter.
D．To explain why the bench needed winter storage.
4． What does “The Bench” represent by the story’s end?
A．A symbol of community bonds.
B．A solution to the aging problem.
C．A reminder of the past summer.
D．A memory of a valued online order.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和邻居唐娜在户外放置长椅，长椅吸引邻居们一起聊天、思考、
做决定，最终成为邻里情谊象征的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, over the next few days, it turned out that we needed more than a
chair and a bucket which were not quite comfortable. Donna decided we needed a bench.(然而，在接下来的几天
里，事实证明，我们需要的不仅仅是一把椅子和一只不太舒服的水桶。唐娜决定我们需要一条长凳。)”以
及“What’s more, it was the perfect fit for two 70-somethings to carry on late afternoon chats.(更重要的是，它非
常适合两位70 多岁的老人进行傍晚的聊天。)”可知，唐娜决定把椅子和桶换成长凳是为了让聊天时有更好
的座位。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then, the name gradually evolved — after one neighbor sat alone deep in
thought, he declared it a ‘Decision-Making Bench’; another time, when Donna was caught napping, she insisted she
was ‘meditating’, adding yet another name.(然后，这个名字逐渐演变——一位邻居独自坐着沉思后，他宣称
这是一个
决策长椅
；还有一次，当唐娜被发现打盹时，她坚持说自己在
冥想
，于是又加了一个名
‘
’
‘
’
字。)”可知，长凳的名字来源于使用者在长凳上的活动。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When I glimpsed it a few times over the next months, the bench sat lonely,
holding empty flower pots, and some flat, old boxes. But now after a long winter, spring flowers are ready to bloom
in the warm sunshine, and we neighbours are ready to welcome “The Bench” back into our lives.(在接下来的几个
月里，当我瞥见它几次时，长凳孤零零地立着，上面放着空花盆和一些扁平的旧盒子。但是现在，经过一
个漫长的冬天，春天的花朵已经准备好在温暖的阳光下绽放，我们邻居们也准备好欢迎
长凳
回到我们
‘
’
的生活中。)”可知，长凳上放着空花盆和旧盒子，说明长凳在冬天没有发挥它的作用，即让邻居们一起聊
天、思考、做决定。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Soon, the bench attracted other neighbors.(很快，长凳吸引了其他邻
居。)”以及最后一段中的“But now after a long winter, spring flowers are ready to bloom in the warm sunshine,
and we neighbours are ready to welcome ‘The Bench’ back into our lives.(但是现在，经过一个漫长的冬天，春
天的花朵已经准备好在温暖的阳光下绽放，我们邻居们也准备好欢迎
长凳
回到我们的生活中。
‘
’
)”可知，
长凳吸引了邻居们一起聊天、思考、做决定，它最终象征着邻里间的情谊联结。故选A。
【变式2-1】(25-26 高三上·河南·期中)
For hundreds of years, my town has been having a commemoration (纪念) day to honor late heroes making a
big difference in our town. The event has always been organized by a team of volunteers until they age and pass the
task onto the next generation.
We always close our ceremony by reading the names of the late heroes over a soft drumming (击鼓). As the
解｜题｜技｜巧
解题核心思路：看懂故事，悟出道理。
一、解题核心：抓准“故事线”和“情感线”
1.
先理清“故事线”——弄明白到底发生了什么
就像看电视剧，你得先把剧情捋顺。谁？在哪儿？发生了什么事？结果怎么样？
比如例2-1，故事线就是：童年坐绿皮火车回家（温馨美好）
长大后火车停运，改坐飞机（疲
→
惫不堪）
火车恢复，再次乘坐（重拾感动）。
→
2.
再抓住“情感线”——体会作者的心情变化
故事里的人是什么心情？这条线往往直接指向文章主旨。
例2-1 里，作者的情感从童年的“美好温暖”，变成坐飞机时的“疲惫不满”，最后是重坐火车时
的“激动怀念”。这一对比，作者想表达什么？（显然是更珍视从前那种有温度的慢生活）
例2-2 里，情感从“想要更舒服”到长椅带来“邻里相聚的快乐”，最后长椅成了大家生活中期待
的一部分。这说明什么？（长椅不只是椅子，更是邻里感情的联结）
二、不同题型的解题方法
细节题：老老实实回原文找！题干里的时间、地点、人名都是路标，帮你快速定位。
推理题：别自己瞎猜！答案藏在人物的行为、对话和感受里。比如，作者为什么不喜欢坐飞机
了？（因为文章里详细描写了赶飞机的狼狈和机舱的不适）。
主旨题：答案往往藏在三个地方——故事的结果、作者在结尾的抒情、或者那个最触动你的情
节里。多问自己一句：“作者讲这个故事，最想告诉我什么？”
注｜意｜事｜项
1.
勿陷情节表面：不能只满足于读懂故事本身。高考考的是你能否透过故事，看到它背后的情感
和道理。
2.
情感转折点是题眼：故事里人物心情发生明显变化的地方，往往就会出题。比如从喜欢到不喜
欢，从失落到开心。
3.
留意“有深意的物件”：文中的某个东西往往不只是东西。比如例2-1 的“绿皮火车”代表的
是情怀和回忆；例2-2 的“长椅”代表的是邻里友情。它们通常是理解主旨的关键。
4.
答案必须在文中有证据：相信自己的第一感觉，但那个感觉必须能从文章里找到句子支撑。
years passed and memories faded, the names of the dead were becoming a blur (模糊的记忆) and in some cases
meaningless. More townspeople had difficulty appreciating the significance of the day and fewer were willing to join
the team to continue the tradition, there being one volunteer taking charge for a twenty-year period. Attendance was
suffering as well. Eventually, the celebration had become boring and uninspired.
Our senior volunteers were worried that if townspeople continued to lose sight of heroes’ contribution, our
commemoration day would evolve into something unrecognizable. Something needed to be done. Specially selected
volunteers were sought to help ease the team’s burden. It was an honor for me to be asked to assist.
I volunteered to give a speech for the coming commemoration day. The focus of my planned speech would be
to change the reading of the names and honorable title of our late heroes from something routine into something that
would make it clear that these were genuine heroes who once walked among us. I tried contacting their family
members, distant relatives, and old friends. Amazed, everyone was so thrilled to share so many fond stories and old
photos of their loved ones that I felt as if I knew each hero personally.
I integrated all those into my speech, which turned out well received, acting as the catalyst (催化剂) that got
our commemoration day observance back on track. Townspeople, once reminded, were happy to dive in and show
their respect.
1． Why was the commemoration day becoming less popular in the town?
A．The number of late heroes there was decreasing.
B．The volunteers of the event were not well organized.
C．Drumming made the atmosphere too sad for the public.
D．People were gradually forgetting the meaning behind it.
2． What specific change did the author make to the ceremony?
A．He replaced reading names with drumming.
B．He made it to bring the heroes’ names to life.
C．He organized a new team of young volunteers.
D．He invited family members to read the names.
3． How did townspeople respond to commemoration day after the speech?
A．They became more involved.
B．They lost interest in the event.
C．They preferred to be new heroes.
D．They provided financial support.
4． What can be the best title for the text?
A．The Story of a Town’s Holiday
B．The Life Stories of Late Heroes
C．A Speech That Saved a Tradition
D．Honoring Heroes: A Fading Faith
【变式2-2】（24-25 高三上·广东部分学校·十月联考）
In Hazelwood, a group called Seedlings (幼苗) for Tomorrow gives every child three plants to grow in their
own garden. Unlike a public park, these plants are theirs to keep forever. Kids “check out” at the city’s greenhouse
not with money, but by joining the group’s Garden Buddy project. This project pairs each young gardener with an
adult guide. They have a 45-minute virtual meeting each week to learn about gardening and nature. “Every kid should
feel the joy of growing something with their own hands,” said Orson Pike, the project director.
Orson started the non-profit organization Seedlings for Tomorrow in 2022. Soon he realized that just giving
away plants wasn’t enough. “Some groups think dropping off supplies is helping. But if people don’t know how to
use them, it’s like giving them a stone,” he explained. That’s why the program focuses on teaching skills — like how
to water plants properly, what seasons are best for planting, and how to protect flowers from insects. At the greenhouse,
children can pick from sunflowers, strawberries, lavender, and even small vegetable kits. There are guidebooks in
both English and Welsh.
Orson is already 70, but he’s always been enthusiastic about the growth of the next generation. He believes
that by letting kids choose what they love, they’ll grow into passionate gardeners. Many kids even share their progress
with classmates, making gardening a social activity.
To attract more families, Seedlings for Tomorrow visits local primary schools and community centers. Orson
also hopes to build small green stations around town where people can exchange seeds and gardening tips. The project
has received $20,000 from the UK-based Ecology Fund. The fund manager Elara Vane said, “Such programs are
essential— they teach patience, responsibility and love for the environment, which helps kids both in and out of
school,” adding that parents have noticed their children becoming more confident since joining the project.
1． What can a kid do by joining Garden Buddy project?
A．Volunteer at the city’s greenhouse.
B．Acquire gardening knowledge online.
C．Sell garden plants to the adult guide.
D．Receive free three plants every week.
2． What philosophy does Orson’s project demonstrate?
A．Hard work is the mother of success.
B．Guide others, and you will learn twice.
C．Teach a man to fish, not give him a fish. D．Creative activities involve being confident.
3． How does the author highlight the project’s value in the last paragraph?
A．By quoting an official.
B．By giving examples.
C．By providing statistics.
D．By making a comparison.
4． Which word best describes Orson?
A．Adventurous.
B．Determined.
C．Caring.
D．Flexible.
考向03 状物类记叙文
【例3-1】(2021 全国甲卷C 篇)
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered — landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He
seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,”
I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
1. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed.
B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there.
D. He had disagreements with his family.
2. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful!
B. Well done!
C. No way!
D. Don't worry!
3. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding.
B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks.
D. To relive his childhood days
4. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
B. Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C
【解析】【分析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找
到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的
地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
【1 题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except
me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之
外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦
的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
【2 题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good
skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落
地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe 是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
【3 题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then,
slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20 年前经常在这里玩滑板，”
他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank 这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的
回忆，故选D。
【4 题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地
方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几
年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招
呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，
故选C。
【例3-2】(25-26 高三上·辽宁大连育明高级中学·期中)
Thirty-two-year-old Ethan had spent a decade building his career as a software engineer in the city, but burnout
and loneliness had left him feeling lost. When his favorite childhood watch — gifted by his father who passed away
when he was 12 — stopped working, he didn’t just see a broken timepiece; he saw the last real link to the man who’d
taught him to fix things with patience.
Desperate to repair it, Ethan searched online and found “Maggie’s Repair Shop,” a tiny store in a quiet
neighborhood on the city’s outskirts. Unlike the modern tech shops he was used to, Maggie’s was filled with tools,
old-fashioned clocks, and photos of strangers’ cherished items. Maggie, a silver-haired woman in her 60s, smiled as
she took the watch. “This one has stories,” she said, turning it over in her hands. “Give me a week.”
Ethan visited every evening after work, not just to check on the watch, but to escape his stressful job. He
watched Maggie repair a faded quilt, a chipped ceramic mug, and a rusted bicycle, listening as customers shared
stories of their items — gifts from loved ones, mementos of important moments. “Fixing things isn’t just about parts,”
Maggie told him one night. “It’s about honoring what they mean to people.”
On the seventh day, Maggie handed him the watch. It ticked steadily, its leather strap polished. “I added a tiny
engraving on the back,” she said. Ethan flipped it over — there was his father’s favorite quote: “Patience mends more
than metal.” As he thanked her, a couple came in with a broken music box, and Ethan found himself offering to help
Maggie sand its wooden case.
Weeks later, Ethan quit his high-pressure job and became Maggie’s part-time assistant. He learned to repair
small items, listened to customers’ stories, and slowly rediscovered joy in the quiet, meaningful work. The watch
hadn’t just been fixed-it had led him to a life that felt rooted, not rushed. Sometimes, he realized, the things we try to
repair end up repairing us.
1． Why was the watch so important to him?
A．It was an expensive antique timepiece.
B．It was a precious gift from his late father.
C．It had helped him get through hard workdays.
D．It was the only thing left from his childhood home.
2． What can we infer about Maggie from the passage?
A．She began to fix the watch a week later.
B．She used to run a modern technology store.
C．She understands the emotional value of objects.
D．She repairs items only for close friends and family.
3． Why did Ethan start visiting Maggie’s Repair Shop every evening?
A．He hoped to learn repair skills from Maggie.
B．He needed to finish his work in a quiet place.
C．He was asked to help Maggie with daily operations.
D．He wanted to ask about the watch and relax himself.
4． What is the best title for the passage?
A．A Broken Watch and a Mended Heart
B．An Experience of Repairing Valuable Items
C．A Father’s Quote That Changed Everything
D．Leaving a Hig-Pressure Job for Friendship
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了软件工程师Ethan 因职业倦怠和孤独感到迷茫，为修复已故
父亲赠予的珍贵手表，结识了修理店老板Maggie，在见证Maggie 修复物品背后情感价值的过程中，Ethan
不仅修复了手表，更找回了生活的意义，最终改变人生轨迹的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When his favorite childhood watch — gifted by his father who passed away when
he was 12 — stopped working, he didn’t just see a broken timepiece; he saw the last real link to the man who’d
taught him to fix things with patience. (他最珍爱的童年手表——那是12 岁时去世的父亲送给他的——突然罢
工了。他看到的不只是个坏掉的手表，更是与那位教会他耐心修理东西的父亲之间最后的纽带)”可知，这
块手表是Ethan 12 岁时去世的父亲送给他的，对他来说非常重要，因为它是已故父亲送给他的珍贵礼物。
故选B 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中玛姬说的话“Fixing things isn’t just about parts,” Maggie told him one night.
“It’s about honoring what they mean to people.” (“修理东西不仅仅是关于零件，”一天晚上Maggie 告诉他，
“而是关于尊重它们对人们的意义。”)”可知，Maggie 认为修理物品不仅仅是关于零件，更重要的是尊重
物品对人们的意义。由此推知，Maggie 理解物品的情感价值。故选C 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ethan visited every evening after work, not just to check on the watch, but to
escape his stressful job. (Ethan 每天下班后都去，不仅仅是为了查看手表，也是为了逃避他压力大的工作)”可
知Ethan 开始每晚都去Maggie 的修理店，不仅仅是为了查看手表的修理情况，更是为了逃避他压力大的工
作，放松自己。故选D 项。
4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了软件工程师Ethan 因职业倦怠和孤独感到迷茫，为修复已故父亲赠予的珍
贵手表，结识了修理店老板Maggie，在见证Maggie 修复物品背后情感价值的过程中，Ethan 不仅修复了手
表，更找回了生活的意义。由此可知，A 项“一块坏了的手表和一颗被修复的心”最符合文章主旨，既体
现了手表的修理，又体现了Ethan 内心的修复和转变。故选A 项。
【变式3-1】(25-26 高三上·河北保定四县六校·期中)
Last September, I drove to a protected wetland near my home in Oakland, California. It was the first time that I
had gone somewhere merely to watch birds. Since this unique journey, I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year
alone.
In some birding circles, people claim anyone who looks at birds is a birder. I’ve cared about birds and other
animals for my entire life, and I’ve written about them throughout my two decades as a science writer, but I mark the
moment when I specifically chose to devote time and energy to them as the moment I became a birder.
Birding has significantly increased the time spent outdoors. It has motivated me to explore Oakland in ways I
never would have. While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus only on the
present, and my head becomes extremely untroubled. I also feel a much deeper connection to the natural world, which
I have long written about but always remained slightly distant from.
These recent years have taught me that I’m smaller when I’m not actively looking after myself, that I have
value for my world and my community beyond ceaseless production, and that pursuits like birding that encourage
解｜题｜技｜巧
核心原则：由物及情：别被物品的表面描述迷惑，要看到它背后的人和情。就像修手表那篇文
章，表面是修表，实际是修心。
解题三步走：
第一步：找到“物”，弄清它的来历：快速锁定文章核心物品是什么
例3-1 的核心是Southbank 这个滑板场地；例3-2 的核心是父亲留下的手表
关键问题：这物品对主人公为什么特别？
第二步：抓住“事”，理清物品背后的故事
物品只是一个引子，真正重要的是它串联起来的人和事
例3-1：通过滑板场地，讲的是“我”从孤独到找到归属感的故事
例3-2：通过修手表，讲的是“我”从迷茫到找回人生意义的故事
第三步：悟出“情”，理解深层情感
这是最关键的一步！要问自己：作者到底想通过这个物品表达什么？
例3-1 表达“归属感”的重要；例3-2 表达的是“有些东西看似我们在修它，其实是它在修我
们”
注｜意｜事｜项
1.
别光盯着物品本身：手表不只是手表，它是父爱的象征；滑板场不只是场地，它是心灵的归宿。
2.
情感线索最重要：注意作者心情的变化，这往往是解题钥匙。从失落
找到慰藉
感悟人生。
→
→
3.
物品的象征意义是考点：出题人最爱考这个！要多想想“这个物品代表了什么？”
4.
结尾段落是宝藏：像“有些东西看似我们在修它，其实是它在修我们”这种句子，往往直接揭
示了主旨。
joy, wonder and bond with places are not sidebars to a fulfilled life but the essence.
It’s easy to perceive birding as something you do when you’re not working, not being productive, and even an
escape from reality. Instead, for me, birding means absorbing myself in the present moment: my thoughts quiet, my
senses heightened, and I respond to real, observable events in nature with focused awareness without being
distracted (使分心) by small, unimportant matters. I don’t need to know who the main characters are on social media
and what everyone is commenting on them, when I can instead spend an hour trying to locate a rare bird.
1． Why did the author think the journey to the wetland special?
A．He protected bird species there.
B．He fell in love with birding again.
C．He made his true start as a birder.
D．He completed his writing during it.
2． What does the underlined word “impervious” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Attentive.
B．Subject.
C．Resistant.
D．Sensitive.
3． What lesson does the author probably learn?
A．Outdoor pursuits are a must-have.
B．Self-care can help fuel self-worth.
C．Happiness serves as the core of life.
D．Productivity defines personal value.
4． How does the author view birding according to the last paragraph?
A．A complete engagement with reality.
B．A temporary escape from busy life.
C．A training in focus and observation.
D．A substitute for online activities.
【变式3-2】(25-26 高三上·海南部分学校·月考)
My parents did not bat an eye when I was still playing with Barbies in sixth grade. My classmates were not so
understanding. 12-year-old girls weren’t supposed to play with Barbies and baby dolls anymore. Due to all the
teases (取笑), I started playing with the dolls less and less and put them in a large storage bin under my twin bed. It
was so full that I couldn’t even attach a lid to it.
My cat, Strawberry, would sleep with me each night and greet me every day when I got home from school.
When we found out that Strawberry was pregnant (怀孕的), I couldn’t have been more excited. I got a big basket and
as many old sheets as I could find, so Strawberry and her kittens would be comfortable. As Strawberry got bigger,
she began to sleep in my bed less and less and in her basket more and more.
Two days before Strawberry’s due date, I was playing at a friend’s house. My mom came to get me early
because she hadn’t seen Strawberry all afternoon and was worried about her. I immediately jumped in the car, knowing
that she was probably hiding somewhere having kittens. As we drove home, my mom explained that my brothers had
their friends over and were being awfully loud, so Strawberry probably didn’t feel safe in the basket I made for her.
When I ran into my room, I heard the cries of tiny kittens. I looked all over my room, but I couldn’t find where
the cries were coming from. Finally, I searched under my bed, and the cries got louder. I managed to pull out my
Barbie bin and found sweet, tiny kittens surrounded by a sea of blood-covered Barbies.
I wasn’t as upset as I thought I would be. It was time to let go of my Barbie dolls. Sometimes, childhood slips
away without you realizing it, and other times it ends with something really important, like a bin filled with bloody
Barbies.
1． Why did the author stop playing with Barbies as much?
A．She lost interest in them.
B．Her parents asked her to.
C．She had no time to spare.
D．Her classmates laughed at her.
2． What can we know about Strawberry after she was pregnant?
A．She was feeling unwell.
B．She wanted to be alone.
C．She preferred her basket.
D．She disliked playing outside.
3． Why did the author rush home?
A．To search for lost Strawberry.
B．To keep an appointment with her friends.
C．To check on kittens’ condition.
D．To ask her brother for help quickly.
4． What does the author try to express through the text?
A．Humans and animals can live in harmony.
B．Time is the best medicine for wounds.
C．Nothing is more important than friends.
D．Childhood ends in unexpected ways.
专题01 高考真题练
A
（2025·全国二卷·高考）
Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t
like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really
what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is
free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week
or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to
return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re
scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a
coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to
get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they
express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care
about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital.
“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management
services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams.
School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
1． Who does Ho teach at LPCH?
A．Sick children.
B．Young nurses.
C．Medical students.
D．Patients’ parents.
2． What is a characteristic of Ho’s job?
A．Prioritizing academics.
B．Encouraging innovation.
C．Treating various diseases.
D．Playing multiple roles.
3． What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．Offering regular lessons.
B．Paying extra attention.
C．Assigning no schoolwork.
D．Showing no sympathy.
4． How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good?
A．It eases peer pressure.
B．It helps them live in hope.
C．It frees them from aches.
D．It entertains them with stories.
B
（2024·新课标Ⅰ·高考）
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead
of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his
unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American
veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,
chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became
interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing
drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved
after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying
the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she
was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep
him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and
rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he
may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30
to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s
my job.”
1． What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?
A．He’s odd.
B．He’s strict.
C．He’s brave.
D．He’s rude.
2． Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?
A．He was trained in it at university.
B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C．He benefited from it as a patient.
D．He wanted to save money for pet owners.
3． What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
4． Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?
A．To prove Farber’s point.
B．To emphasize its importance.
C．To praise veterinarians.
D．To advocate animal protection.
C
（2024·浙江·首考）
When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from
the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting
auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come
and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young
professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked
outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory
Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time
to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public
telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by
can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be
stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books
on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with
dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect
me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
1． What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．The play.
B．The shared house.
C．The sofa.
D．The telephone box.
2． Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006?
A．To place an urgent call.
B．To put up a notice.
C．To shelter from the rain.
D．To hold an audition.
3． What do we know about the “mini community library”?
A．It provides phone service for free.
B．Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C．It is popular among young readers.
D．Books must be returned within a month.
4． Why did the author start to use the “library”?
A．He wanted to borrow some love stories.
B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C．He found there were excellent free books.
D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
（2025·云南民大附中·第三次模拟预测）
When Dr. Daniel Olaiya isn’t presenting Operation Ouch! on CBBC, he is working as a National Health
Service doctor, specializing in anesthesiology (麻醉学). He is also a flight doctor, which means he works on air
ambulances.
Olaiya’s interest in science didn’t start with school lessons. Instead, it grew from his love of science fiction.
He was a big fan of superheroes, in particular the X-Men comics. His favourite character was Havok, who can release
powerful energy, which Olaiya thought was really cool. Another hero that he admired was the film character Indiana
Jones, an adventurous archaeologist and professor at a university. He used to dream of becoming “Indiana Jones” in
his own way.
Becoming a doctor wasn’t always Olaiya’s dream, but by the end of secondary school, he viewed it as a career
where he would deal with people, go on adventures and use his scientific knowledge, which was both enjoyable and
challenging. Pre-medical studies were really difficult because there was a lot to study. He struggled with it, but when
he started his degree at the University of Exeter, he says, “That was when the fun began.” He loved outdoor adventures
and activities while he was studying there.
In 2016, Olaiya joined FameLab, a global science communication competition, to share scientific ideas with
audience. He delivered a creative three-minute talk on the science of happiness. The next year, he participated again,
despite arriving an hour late due to heavy traffic. The talk ended up being a success and Olaiya made it through to
FameLab’s national final.
Science communication is still an important part of Olaiya’s job—he is now one of the presenters on Operation
Ouch! on CBBC． His most important advice for any young doctor is to work really hard at school and “dive as
deep as you can into the science and the human aspect, because you can’t have one without the other in medicine.”
1． What initially sparked Olaiya’s scientific interest?
A．Characters in science fiction.
B．A global speech competition.
C．Formal classroom education.
D．Medical training in university.
2． Why did Olaiya take part in FameLab?
A．To win its final prize.
B．To better spread science.
C．To be a TV presenter.
D．To show his medical skills.
3． Which of the following words can best describe Olaiya?
A．Reserved and talented.
B．Independent and ambitious.
C．Warm-hearted and creative.
D．Adventurous and determined.
4． What does Olaiya’s advice highlight?
A．All efforts will pay off one day.
B．It is never too late to learn science.
C．Medicine needs humanity and science.
D．Caring for patients overweighs skills.
B
（25-26 高三上·海南·学业水平诊断一）
Need a ride to the doctor? I’ll be glad to take you. Does your dog need to be walked while you’re on vacation?
No problem.
Relatives, colleagues, neighbors, and even casual acquaintances all seemed to have my number. In my opinion,
doing good for others could not only benefit those in need but also make me feel good. And I was OK with that until
one afternoon when I received a call from an acquaintance of my dad’s.
This man I barely knew phoned to inform me that I was to drive him to a medical appointment the following
Tuesday. I checked my calendar. Then I told him as nicely as possible that I couldn’t help him that day because of
my tight schedule. His reaction wasn’t very kind.
At that moment, I checked my calendar carefully. I was averaging 14 good deeds a month. I stepped away
from the calendar, eyes finally opened, and took a closer look at myself in the mirror. Dark circles shadowed my
eyes. I didn’t feel like my usual energetic self. Clearly, it was time for me to change.
I brought my concerns to my friend Lucille. Though she was another busy woman, she still had time to socialize
and get a good night’s rest. How did she manage all that? She gave me her secret in one word: limits. She told me
not to run every time someone calls. Instead, ask the person some key questions: Is this an emergency? Is someone
else available to help you? Is this something that can wait? And, the question I knew I should have been considering all
along: Is this something you could do for yourself?
Now I consider those questions before rushing to another’s aid. Thanks to cutting down the favors I do for
others, I have more energy and sleep better at night. Though I was fearful cutting back on my kindness would have
met with disapproval, those friends and relatives started showing some real appreciation for my help. Now, sometimes,
they even help me when I’m in need. And that may be the greatest benefit of all.
1． What initially motivated the author to help others frequently?
A．Her desire to expand her social circle.
B．Her belief that it was a win-win approach.
C．The favor that others had done for her before.
D．The encouragement from relatives and neighbors.
2． What’s the primary turning point for the author?
A．Physical tiredness became unbearable.
B．Her friend directly pointed out her problem.
C．A stranger’s unkind response shocked her.
D．She was too busy to take care of her family.
3． What can we infer about Lucille’s approach to helping others?
A．She always put her own needs ahead of others’ requests.
B．She never helped anyone unless it was an emergency.
C．She turned certain tasks over to others systematically.
D．She practiced selective assistance with boundaries.
4． What is the main lesson the author has learned from her experience?
A．Helping others is meaningless unless you benefit too.
B．Sometimes saying no is a choice beneficial to both sides.
C．Refusing others’ requests tends to result in dissatisfaction.
D．Good time management is crucial to interpersonal relationships.
C
（25-26 高三上·广东·11 月联考）
It was my first trip to Paris, a city I’d dreamed of visiting since childhood. I wandered along the Seine River,
snapped photos of the Eiffel Tower, and soaked in the charming atmosphere. However, disaster struck on the third
day: when I reached for my bag at a crowded metro station, I found it empty — my phone, wallet, and passport were
all gone. Panic surged through me as I realized I had no way to contact anyone or pay for food and accommodation.
Desperate and lost, I wandered aimlessly down a quiet street, trying to hold back tears. A kind-looking elderly
man noticed my distress (困境) and approached me. “Are you in trouble, young lady?” he asked in broken English.
I explained my situation, and his eyes filled with sympathy. Without hesitation, he offered to take me to the local
police station to report the theft. On the way, he bought me a cup of hot coffee and reassured me, “Everything will
be okay. Parisians are not as cold as people say.”
At the police station, the officer was patient and helpful, taking down my details and promising to contact me
if there was any news. As I left, feeling still anxious, the elderly man insisted on driving me to a nearby youth hostel
where he helped me negotiate a discounted rate. He even pressed some euros into my hand, saying, “Buy yourself a
proper meal.” I tried to refuse, but he smiled and said, “Pass the kindness on someday.”
A week later, I received a call from the police, my wallet and passport had been found by a tourist who handed
them in. Though my phone was never recovered, I had already experienced something far more valuable. That trip
taught me that kindness is universal, and even in the darkest moments, strangers can bring light. I left Paris not just
with memories of beautiful landmarks, but with a warm heart full of gratitude.
1． What was stolen from the author at the metro station?
A．Her flight ticket and credit cards.
B．Her phone, wallet and passport.
C．Her camera and travel guide.
D．Her cash and hotel reservation.
2． What does the underlined word “reassured” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Comforted
B．Warned
C．Criticized
D．Challenged
3． We can infer from the passage that the elderly man ________.
A．was a staff member of the youth hostel
B．could speak fluent English with the author
C．cared about the author’s basic needs.
D．had known the author before the trip
4． What is the best title for the passage?
A．A Terrible Theft in Paris
B．The Beautiful Landmarks of Paris
C．A Trip Full of Surprises and Regrets
D．Kindness from a stranger in Paris
D
（25-26 高三上·浙江绍兴·一模）
I packed my family into our old car and set off on a 3,000 km trip from Sydney to the outback, hoping to create
lasting memories for the kids. My plan seemed ambitious — covering such distances with two young kids in the back
might sound crazy to a sensible person.
For most of the journey, we often felt annoyed, arguing about the remaining distance and the discomfort in the
car. I’d had outback road trip memories as a kid and wanted my city-raised children to see the vast open spaces.
At a bird-hide near Forbes, we watched a swamp with bright green water and dead trees. Eager to share
Australian folk stories, I confidently told the kids that a mysterious creature lived there — but stumbled when they
asked me follow-up questions. Their enthusiasm for the smallest joy knocked me for six. At a roadside motel that
looked like a movie set, the kids loved being woken by the night trains, cheering each time.
After three days, we reached Broken Hill — a town dominated by a big slag heap (矿渣堆), just as remarkable as
I remembered. Surrounded by kilometers of mineral-rich land, its streets imply its mining roots. I feared the mineral
museum would bore the kids, but they yelled with joy, thinking it was real-life Minecraft.
The trip wasn’t fantastic — I even complained about hard mattresses on the bed and small towels. But on
Easter morning, the kids went wild for a simple egg hunt in our cheap motel room, thrilled to search every corner. I
set out to teach the kids about the far reaches of our state, when in fact the kids were the best perspective I could ask
for all along.
1． Why did the author organize the trip?
A．To explore the locals’ unique lifestyle.
B．To make shared memories for the family.
C．To document the kids’ exposure to nature.
D．To relive the special outback experiences.
2． What does the underlined word “stumbled” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Tripped over my words.
B．Argued about the stories.
C．Subscribed to their views.
D．Reflected on the memories.
3． What does the author think of the trip?
A．It well fulfills its original purpose.
B．It is worthwhile despite inconveniences.
C．It leaves the family an unpleasant memory.
D．It is an ambitious but disappointing attempt.
4． What key message does the author try to convey through the passage?
A．Travel joy lies in overcoming challenges.
B．City-raised kids can easily adapt to the outback.
C．We gain unexpected insights through kids’ eyes.
D．The outback offers more unique sights than cities.
E
（2025·浙江ZDB 联盟·一模）
Amalia Garcia Lopez and Carlos Lafuente Picazo, two final-year university students from Spain, have just
wrapped up a nine-day trip to Shanghai—a city they might one day consider calling home.
They were participants in the Young Explorer Program, a program designed to bring international members of
Gen Z (Z 世代) to China and introduce them to Shanghai. The program offers overseas youth the opportunity to
experience Chinese culture firsthand and foster people-to-people exchange and mutual understanding.
Twenty-two young people from different cultural backgrounds took part in the immersive journey. Their route
included guided city walks and visits to companies and neighborhoods, offering a deep dive into Shanghai’s society
and culture. The group explored museums and heritage sites to learn about the city’s history, visited iconic tourist
attractions to experience its modern vibe, engaged with traditional Chinese culture in local communities, and
discovered thriving business hubs and revitalized (焕发活力的) historic neighborhoods.
All participants described the trip as both enjoyable and rewarding. During the trip, they were particularly
impressed by Shanghai’s diversity — describing the city as “cosmopolitan (国际性的) ” and “dynamic”.
“I was coming to Shanghai with the impression that it’s like a city of the future, and so far, I feel like I’m
seeing it for real,” said Picazo. “I think Shanghai is a city made for everyone. I’ve seen people from all over the world
here, and you can find whatever you need. It has so much to offer to make whoever comes feel comfortable.”
“One thing that surprised me is that Shanghai has a lot of nature, and it is so green,” Lopez said. “It’s the
perfect mix between society and nature, and it’s a city that’s growing every day. So, for me it was quite shocking
because I think when cities expand, they tend to just get rid of the trees and the nature.”
1． What does the underlined phrase “wrapped up” in the first paragraph mean?
A．ended successfully.
B．Packed carefully.
C．Cover ed completely.
D．Celebrated joyfully.
2． What is the Young Explorer Program for?
A．Training Gen Z in global business.
B．Exploring Shanghai’s natural scenery.
C．recruiting overseas talent for Shanghai. D．Promoting cultural exchange with China.
3． What impressed the participants most about Shanghai?
A．Its affordable living costs.
B．Its harmonious diversity.
C．Its advanced transportation.
D．Its traditional architecture.
4． How did Lopez’s perception of Shanghai change?
A．From skeptical to confident.
B．From simple to complex.
C．From doubtful to appreciative.
D．From abstract to concrete.
F
（2026·广东广州天河区·一模）
Lynn’s world fell apart in 2018. Her son, James, a navy flight surgeon, was fatally injured in a mission and
passed away. It was time for Lynn to honour the spirit of a man who had switched from studying commerce engineering
to medicine because he wanted to help people. Lynn instructed the hospital to begin the organ donation process. These
few words, as hard as they were to say, would soon ripple outward, allowing a man to return to work, a veteran to
regain his health, and a cyclist to get back on his bike.
Mike was diagnosed with leukemia in 2004. Six years of treatment and exercise paid off. To celebrate his sixth
year without cancer, Mike decided to ride his bike to New York. Unfortunately, his health deteriorated and one
evening in 2017, he started having chest pains.
That was when a mother’s very worst day became a stranger’s best. James’ heart was beating in the cancer
survivor’s chest now. The morning he woke up from the transplant, Mike found himself recharged.
Of the four letters Lynn had sent to the recipients, one reached Mike. Lynn described her son’s devotion to his
country, the fact that he considered everyone a friend, and his love for scuba diving, snowboarding, and motorcycling.
These pages painted a picture of just how special his new heart was. Mike carefully composed a response, accurately
expressing his gratitude and communicating his desire to stay in touch with James’ family. It was a balm (药膏) for
a wound that Lynn felt would never heal. And so began the emails and texts. She even began following Mike’s
Instagram posts. “Knowing he was doing well really helped,” she says.
During his recovery, Mike had hatched a plan to cycle cross-country again, from the hospital that treated him
to James’ grave. When he began the 1,430-mile journey in 2019, Lynn followed anxiously on his Instagram. Despite
setbacks—steep climbs, wrong turns, flat tires—Mike pressed on. On November 20, he arrived at James’ grave,
where Lynn waited. They hugged. Then came the tears—not of sorrow, but relief. A part of James lived on, and two
strangers connected by loss and hope became family.
1． What does the underlined word “deteriorated” mean in paragraph 2?
A．declined.
B．Improved.
C．Recovered.
D．Stabilized.
2． What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
A．Mother’s love for her son.
B．James’ amazing personalities.
C．Mike’s thoughtful response.
D．Interaction between Lynn and Mike.
3． Why did Mike cycle cross-country in 2019?
A．To test his physical strength
B．To show his great gratitude.
C．To raise fund for organ donation.
D．To pick up his former hobby.
4． What is the best title for the text?
A．Organ donation matters.
B．A great heart beats on.
C．A cross-country cyclist survives.
D．Social media connects people.
G
（25-26 高三上·湖北武汉·九月调研）
At first sight, Easthope doesn’t seem much like a Cassandra (希腊神话人物). She smiles a lot. Her manner is
kind and motherly; pushed to name her profession, you might guess at nurse or teacher. But look closer.
Easthope is an emergency planner whose job is to support the survivors of major disasters, in which capacity
she acted following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the fire at Grenfell Tower. For two decades, the public knew
nothing about this vital work, which went on behind the scenes, though she was hugely admired in what we might
call professional disaster circles: a voice of calm and a fountain of wisdom. But in 2023, she published a best-selling
book about her career, When the Dust Settles, and that changed. People became very interested in what she did.
“At literary festivals, most authors get questions about their writing process,” Easthope says. “But I wouldn’t
get those. What people wanted from me was to know how I lived with the knowledge that I have. Wasn’t I afraid?
How did I handle it? I would tell them that I didn’t live afraid, and I would give them basic advice. But this wasn’t
enough.” In the end, she felt she had no choice but to write a second book, one in which she would try to distill (浓
缩) all that she has learned for the benefit of each individual.
While her publisher describes Come What May as a road map for resilience (韧性), the word is one Easthope
dislikes. Ready, she suggests, is a better one. Easthope also reminds people that small things, like losing hair during
illness or consuming too much food after someone dies, still matter. She encourages people to remember, not to
forget, what happened during disasters, because such events leave a long-lasting effect.
1． What might a Cassandra be like according to paragraph 1?
A．Reserved and cautious.
B．Severe and forbidding.
C．Sincere and energetic.
D．Cheerful and approachable.
2． What led to increased public awareness of Easthope’s work in 2023?
A．The publication of a best seller.
B．The growth of professional disaster circles.
C．Her involvement in 2004 tsunami relief.
D．Her sudden rise to fame through media.
3． Why are readers’ questions cited in paragraph 3?
A．To reveal Easthope’s personal fears.
B．To explain Easthope’s writing process.
C．To present public doubts about Easthope’s work.
D．To show Easthope’s writing motivation.
4． What does Easthope agree on handling disasters?
A．Resilience matters most.
B．Forgetting aids recovery.
C．Minor sufferings deserve attention.
D．Positive thinking takes the lead.
H
（2025·河北NT 名校联合体·一调）
In the summer of 2015, Emily Parker, a young environmental enthusiast, traveled to the coast of California
with her family to enjoy a relaxing beach vacation. She was excited to spend time by the ocean, swimming and
basking in the sun. However, as she walked along the shore, she was astonished to see piles of plastic bottles, broken
fishing nets, and discarded wrappers along the sand. The once beautiful beach was now littered with trash, and this
made Emily’s heart sink.
Emily had always cared about the environment, but seeing the pollution up close made her realize just how
serious the problem had become. It was not only ruining her vacation but also endangering the marine life she loved.
She thought of the turtles that might mistake plastic for food, or the seabirds that could get trapped in the nets. She
knew she had to do something about it.
After returning home, Emily decided to take action. She began volunteering at local beach cleanups every
weekend, picking up trash and raising awareness about the dangers of ocean pollution. She encouraged her friends,
family, and classmates to join her, and soon, a small group of dedicated volunteers formed. They organized monthly
cleanups and started educating the community about reducing plastic waste.
But Emily didn’t stop there. Realizing that the problem was far too big for just a small group to handle, she
created a non-profit organization called “Ocean’s Hope.” The organization’s mission was to raise awareness about
plastic pollution, organize global beach cleanups, and collaborate with businesses to reduce plastic packaging. Emily’s
passion for the ocean grew stronger, and she worked tirelessly to inspire others.
By 2020, “Ocean’s Hope” had become a global movement. Volunteers from all over the world participated in
cleanups, and companies began adopting more sustainable practices. Emily’s dream of a cleaner, safer ocean was
becoming a reality.
1． What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A．The endangered wildlife.
B．Emily’s expectation.
C．The beach’s transformation.
D．The weather conditions.
2． What led Emily to take action?
A．Her love for rare sea animals.
B．The desire to enjoy her vacation.
C．Her family’s concern for marine life.
D．The realization of pollution’s impact.
3． What did Emily do to get others involved?
A．She sought advice from experts.
B．She motivated those around her.
C．She created a profitable organization.
D．She traveled abroad to give speeches.
4． Which words can best describe the personality of Emily?
A．Ambitious and strong-willed.
B．Committed and open-minded.
C．Generous and well-educated.
D．Determined and hard-hearted.
I
（2026·四川绵阳南山中学·零诊）
When Ma Jiancheng took up his post as a forest ranger (护林员) at Sidalong nature conservation station in
1999, he knew the Qilian Mountains would be his lifelong home. Fresh from military service, he followed in his
father’s footsteps — a decision rooted in two deep influences: his love for the mountains and his father’s 30-year
dedication to protecting them.
“My father rarely came home, even for Spring Festival, because of fire prevention duties,” Ma recalled. This
sacrifice planted a seed in him: to safeguard the land his father venerated.
Life at 2,600 meters above sea level proved harsher than expected. “No electricity, just kerosene (煤油) lamps.
Water came from a river 800 meters away, and supplies arrived by truck only three times a month,” he said. Once, he
learned of his eldest daughter’s birth three days late — no phones connected the station to the outside.
Covering 20,000 hectares, Ma’s team patrols 20 days monthly, engaging in fire prevention, wildlife monitoring,
and educating herders on regulations. Over 26 years, his patrols totaled 100,000 km—2.5 times around Earth—filling
70 notebooks. “Shoes wear out fastest,” he joked, noting 80-km daily treks.
Dangers are constant: wolves, landslides, -30°C winters, and summer mudslides. Once, a mudslide destroyed
their station; they sheltered in a sheep pen. Yet technology now eases burdens — drones and cameras monitor remote
areas.
Tragedy struck in 2008 when his wife died of lung cancer. He’d rushed down the mountain too late, after a
herder relayed news of her emergency. “She asked me to care for our daughter,” he said, voice trembling.
Today, his daughter studies landscape architecture, inspired by his work. “City life feels strange now,” Ma
said. “The mountains calm me —this is where I belong.”
1． What does the word “venerated” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Honored
B．Neglected
C．Exploited
D．Concealed
2． Which of the following is NOT a duty of Ma’s team?
A．Keeping records of patrols
B．Preventing grassland fires
C．Training herders to use drones
D．Monitoring wetland resources
3． We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．Ma’s work has eliminated wildlife dangers
B．the daughter’s career choice reflects family influence
C．modern technology has replaced traditional patrols
D．Ma’s wife supported his career unconditionally
4． The best title for the passage would be ________.
A．A Legacy of Mountain Protection
B．The Hardships of a Forest Ranger
C．Technological Advances in Conservation
D．From Military Service to Mountain Life
J
（25-26 高三·广东惠州·调研考）
Kristin Kimball, a travel writer, drove from New York studio to Pennsylvania to write about a young sustainable
farmer she’d heard of. When she arrived at the farm, the farmer said he was too busy to be interviewed, even though
they had previously scheduled it.
“Instead,” Kimball remembers,“ he handed me a garden tool and said, ‘There’s the vegetable land.’ That was
the first time that I actually did any farm work, and yet when I started doing the work, I was shocked at how viscerally I
responded.”
“And something happened that day. I just fell in love with the work.” she adds. “I think that human beings are
in some way born to be farmers. This is what most people in the history of the world have focused their energy on.”
In a way, Kristin Kimball was lucky. When she decided to move to a farm in upstate New York, she had no
idea what she was getting into. Seven years after her life-changing move from Manhattan to Essex Farm, Kimball
has documented her adjustment to rural living in her new book, The Dirty Life. The title of her book, Kimball says,
comes from the fact that farm work is consistently dirty. “I had no idea you could be dirty in so many different ways,”
she says. “There’s dirt. There’s blood. There’s sweat. There’s your own sweat, and the sweat of the animals.”
In spite of the constant hard work, Kimball’s farm still has its quiet, romantic moments. The first year she
planted potatoes, the yield (收获) was enormous — around 10,000 pounds. Friends were called to help. “It was truly
fall,” Kimball writes:
The air was still cold at noon despite the bright sun. We boiled potatoes in their skins in the field, and served
them steaming in napkins (餐巾纸). We all warmed our chilled fingers on them, popped them open, invested them
with quantities of butter and salt. If there is a more perfect way to celebrate the potato’s earthy, sustaining essence
(本质), I have not discovered it yet.
1． Which of the following can best describe Kimball’s path to farming?
A．Well-planned. B．Interest-based.
C．Unexpectedly-taken. D．Curiosity-driven.
2． What does the underlined word “viscerally” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Naturally.
B．Patiently.
C．Passively.
D．Hesitantly.
3． Why did Kimball write the book?
A．To share the joy of harvest.
B．To promote the benefits of farming.
C．To record her adaptation to country life.
D．To introduce the farming skills she learned.
4． What does Kimball intend to express in the last paragraph?
A．The happiness in cooking potatoes.
B．The satisfaction gained from farm life.
C．The significance of teamwork in farming.
D．The challenges of farming in cold weather.
K
（24-25 高三·湖南长沙·新高考适应性）
Like other cities in New Jersey’s Rust Belt (铁锈地带), Paterson has fallen on hard times, with its once-famous
textile (纺织品) industry in disrepair and its schools abandoned.
Strickland, an expert in school design and instructor at MIT in Boston, had been hired as a consultant to help
Paterson find sites for new schools. The architect hatched a grand plan to help revitalize (复兴) Paterson’s schools
and the city itself.
Six career academies are holding classes at old sites. These small changes have not gone unnoticed. The city,
as the residents expected, has the potential to shine.
A nearly unoccupied three-story shopping mall houses two schools, one focused on medical careers, the other
on media arts and urban planning. English and math teachers for the two schools lead classes in storefronts that were
empty just a year ago. Across town, under the thick wooden beams (横梁) of an old textile factory and a train engine
plant, students with disabilities will learn about careers with the region’s transportation systems.
Strickland requires his graduate students at MIT to help Paterson construct models for new building projects
in the city. Jane Riesman, one of Strickland’s students, has been working with her kids on an educational park that
would replace a wasteland of lifeless asphalt (沥青) and grass that stretches between two downtown schools. The
surrounding neighborhood is hardly inspiring; pulling-down of a high-rise housing project is underway, showering
dust everywhere. But Riesman’s students envision a very different place. One of the student models includes a
swimming pool, skating court, climbing wall, sandbox, and a pond with a fountain and lots of trees. “It’s fun, and it
makes us feel like we’re in charge and helping the community,” says 15-year-old Marilyn Medina, one of the model’s
creators.
Strickland says it’s important for the students to dream. “They’re setting a tone for the town,” he says. “The
kids can push the envelope and change the culture.”
1． What was Paterson like in the past according to Paragraph 1?
A．It fell into severe disrepair.
B．It rarely produced any iron.
C．Its textile industry was well-known.
D．Its schools were completely deserted.
2． What was the residents’ attitude towards Strickland’s plan?
A．Opposed.
B．Favorable.
C．Dismissive.
D．Uncaring.
3． What can we infer about Riesman’s students?
A．Diligent and innocent.
B．Funny and responsible.
C．Honest and trustworthy.
D．Imaginative and helpful.
4． What does the text focus on?
A．Transforming old buildings to shine.
B．Revitalizing the city’s shopping mall.
C．Developing students’ logical thinking.
D．Witnessing the rise and fall of Paterson.
L
（2025·湖南长沙长郡中学·高考押题一）
In the 2010s, 34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine biologist. No matter how
remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: large amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening
marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.
Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year and approximately one third of all food
produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem at the source, planned to open a shop
that went further than banning plastic bags and the bad habit of wasting food .
In 2015, she convinced a Vancouver Patagonia store to host her first pop-up by highlighting their shared focus
on sustainability. With just 10 jars of dried mangoes, local chocolate, nuts, and pasta, she sold out in an afternoon,
realizing she was onto a promising idea. In June 2018, after 18 months of successful pop-ups, Miller opened Nada,
one of Canada’s first zero-waste grocery stores. Designed for easy zero-waste shopping, it offers free and upcycled
containers at the entrance, so customers can choose to bring their own or use the provided ones.
Nada sells the food items you’d expect — all 100 per cent package-free. Miller also turned to online ordering
and delivery. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs (and you can purchase just one, if you’d like) comes delivered
in upcycled containers, which are collected (and reused again, of course) with the next round of deliveries.
Those containers do much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller had hoped
they would. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she
says, and then smiles. “If you open someone’s pantry and see all of these Nada-branded packages, it’s bound to start a
conversation.”
1． What inspired Brianne Miller to take action?
A．Her dream of running a business.
B．The serious problem of plastic pollution and food waste.
C．Her love for marine life.
D．The support from the Vancouver Patagonia store.
2． The success of Miller’s first pop-up in 2015 can be mainly resulted from ________.
A．the insufficiency of the 10 food items she provided
B．the strong promotion from the Vancouver Patagonia store
C．the connection with consumers on environmental sustainability
D．the freshness of the zero-waste shopping concept in Canada at that time
3． What is special about Nada?
A．It only sells local products.
B．It offers free food to customers.
C．It aims at zero-waste shopping.
D．It has the largest number of containers.
4． What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Consumers prefer to buy food in large quantities with packaging.
B．There is an increasing demand for environmentally-friendly shopping methods.
C．Online ordering and delivery services are replacing traditional shopping.
D．The market for package-free food items is still in its initial stage.
M
（2025·山东潍坊·三模）
Samantha Hess has spent more than 130,000 minutes cuddling (拥抱) over the past four years — and that’s
just at work! As the owner of Cuddle Up to Me in Portland, the Certified Cuddler has been at the forefront of the
professional cuddling movement since it began. The goal of her service is to provide people a safe space to feel
worthy for exactly who they are.
Hess came across an article about a man giving away free hugs at a Saturday market. It hit her that she longed
for an unconditional hug — and that others likely felt the same. She decided that everyone deserved a place to go
when these moments strike, where they can feel like they matter.
When asked who is her client, she says who is not her client would be quicker to answer! Touch is a human
need. She has moms who don’t know how to take from the families they are always giving to, those in need of self-
care who have disabilities or deadly diseases and so much more. She customizes each meeting to individual needs.
Some people will talk only about novelty things, while others will tell her their deepest secrets. It’s nice for people
to know that everything they say is held in the strictest of confidences.
Hess has taken extensive measures to ensure the safety of both parties. She starts by obtaining a copy of each
person’s ID, and they fill out a body map and questionnaire. She asks questions to ensure they know why each person
is seeking the service to determine if they are appropriate for what she offers, and she also has a third party who
monitors security footage (镜头) during all meetings.
“I would never get tired of cuddling!” she said. It’s an unusual job, she knows, one that allows her to spread
acceptance and form connections with people who may not otherwise have a close support system.
1． What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?
A．Highlight some memorable moments.
B．Explain the conditions for free hugs.
C．Illustrate the purpose of Hess’s service.
D．Introduce the inspiration for Hess’s business.
2． What can we know about Hess’s clients?
A．Their social position is valued.
B．They cover wide-ranging groups.
C．Their demands are hard to meet.
D．They possess self-confident quality.
3． What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．Questions inquired.
B．Parties involved.
C．Security measures.
D．Consulting procedures.
4． Which of the following best describes Hess?
A．Patient and humorous.
B．Ambitious and creative.
C．Considerate and skilled.
D．Generous and responsible.
