专题 01 如何设置故事开端
一、巧用副词
副词有修饰性副词和连接性副词(句子副词)两类，可用于修饰动词、形容词、句子等。修饰性
副词可表示程度、方式等，使所要表达的情感更加鲜明、强烈，使句子更具表现力和感染力。连接
性副词的运用，能使句间的衔接更紧密，逻辑更清晰，所表达的含义简洁明了。
修饰性副词
Carefully, he stepped over all the broken glass. 他小心翼翼地踩过了所有的碎玻璃。
Joyfully, he skipped up the street. 他很高兴地跳过了街道。
【这里的 carefully 和 joyfully 把后面两个动作“step 踩”和“skip 跳”描写的更加细致和生
动。】
典例赏析
1. Arriving at Scout's home, the old woman eagerly rang the doorbell.
一到达 Scout 家, 那个年老的女人就急切地按门铃。
2. “My mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness,”he said sincerely.
他真诚地说: “我母亲教导我，施以爱心，不图回报。”
3. “If I had listened to my parents, this would never have happened,”I thought
silently.
我默默地想：如果我听父母的话, 这就不会发生了。
4. Anxiously lying awake in the dark, Jane wanted very much to be with Tom and her
family.
简在黑暗中不安地躺着, 非常想和汤姆还有她的家人在一起。
5. Warmly welcomed by other classmates, she felt relieved.
当被其他同学热烈地欢迎时, 她松了一口气。
6. Terribly/Quite/Extremely worried, Mary felt like sitting on pins and needles.
玛丽十分担忧，如坐针毡。
7. The other two cyclists saw three men threatened by a fierce wolf, absolutely/
completely/ totally shocked.
另外两个骑行者看到三个男人被一只凶猛的狼威胁着，完全惊呆了。连接性副词
1. When the people crowded around Arthur,he seemed quite worried. Finally, he realized that
he had made a mistake.
当所有人围着亚瑟时，他似乎十分担忧。最终，他意识到自己犯了错误。
【这里用时间副词“immediately 衔接+环境描写”，烘托了森林里迷路的紧张气氛。】
2. The nearer the helicopter got, the more Jane flagged the yellow blouse. Luckily, the
helicopter didn't miss her this time.
直升机靠得越近，简挥黄色衬衣挥得越起劲。幸运的是，这次她没有错过这部直升机。
【这里用 Luckily 副词衔接，增强行文连贯性】
高考真题
1.【段首句】But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.
【续写句】Immediately, absolute darkness ruled the forest.
但是没有更多的直升机来了，天又变黑了。立刻，绝对的黑暗统治了森林。
2.【段首句】Stephen and Martine found the carpet in a corner and carried it to the pool.
【续写句】Then they found some rope in the garage and tied one end of the rope to the
carpet.
斯蒂芬和马丁在一个角落里找到了地毯，并把它带到了游泳池里。然后，他们在车库里找到了一
些绳子，并把绳子的一端绑在了地毯上。
3.【段首句】The next day we noticed there was cigarette ash on the floor.
【段首句】Actually, it was a thief who entered our kitchen and garage.
第二天，我们注意到地板上有烟灰。事实上，那是一个小偷进入了我们的厨房和车库。
二、巧用非谓语
恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复杂句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且可使
表达更简洁、更高级。非谓语动词在写作中的形式主要为 doing、done、having done和with的
复合结构，其作状语时，主要表示原因、结果或伴随状态。
-ing现在分词,凸显同一对象同时发生不同的动作“老人静坐”
“老人静坐”= 坐在夕阳下 + 看报纸 + 听广播
The old man sat under the sunset, reading the newspaper and listening to the radio.
典例赏析
1. 她感到累极了,坐在溪边,让疼痛的双脚放松一下。
She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, resting her aching feet.
2. Jane 觉得冷得无法忍受,精疲力竭,完全不知道该如何应对这种可怕的情况。
Feeling unbearably cold and extremely exhausted, Jane was quite at a loss with how to cope
with the terrible situation.
3. 他屏住呼吸,尽力不发出任何声音,免得让人知道他来了。
He held his breath, trying to not make the slightest sound that might betray his presence.
4. 好奇心切,她从河岸边跑开,穿过田野去追兔子。
Burning with curiosity, she ran away from the riverbank and across the field to chase after the
rabbit.
5. 他痛苦地喘着气,强迫自己站了起来,迈着缓慢的步子,摇摇晃晃地开始走。
Gasping with pain, he forced himself to his feet and with slow, shaky steps, began to walk.
having done 表现动作先后关系
“没有买到票”
“没有买到票”= 排了很久队 + 被告知票卖完了
Having queued for 3 hours, he was told that the ticket had been sold out.
典例赏析
1. 她在街上漫无目的地逛上好几个小时，感到有点饿，想吃点东西。
Having wondered aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for
something to eat.
2. 说出真相后，他心里轻松了很多，心情放松地回家了。
Having told the truth, he felt easier in his mind and returned home with a lighter heart.
3. 做好充分准备后，她站在窗边，期待着女儿的到来。
Having made full preparations, she stood by the window, expecting the arrival of her
daughter.-ed过去分词凸显被动
“孩子们哭了”
“孩子们哭了”= 被感动 + 哭了
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
典例赏析
1. 坐在窗边，他喝着咖啡放松自我。
Seated by the window, he relaxed himself with a cup of coffee.
2. 心情沉重地被拉在后面，Jane 低下头，她的脸充满了绝望。
Left behind with a sinking heart, Jane ducked down her head, her face clouded with a
heavy cloud of despair.
3. 欣喜万分，他发出一声大叫，好像如处世界之巅。
Thrilled with joy, he let out a cry as if he were on the top of the word.
高考真题
1.【段首句】Within three years, Bonnie had become a famous ballerina as she
wanted.
【续写句】Guided by the troupe leader, she succeeded in attaining the leading
position in the Swan Lake.
三年之内，邦妮就成为了一名著名的芭蕾舞演员。在剧团团长的带领下，她成功地获得了在天鹅
湖的领导地位。
2.【段首句】Then, I forced myself to walk to the front of the classroom.
【续写句】Standing in front of all the students made me very nervous, and my legs
kept shaking.
然后，我强迫自己走到教室的前面。站在所有学生面前使我非常紧张，我的双腿一直在颤抖。
三、巧用介词短语
句子开头可以使用表示地点、时间、原因等带有介词的短语，如 as a result, just at that
moment, on my way back等。With/Without + 宾语，表示“伴随着……”“有着……”或者“没有……”
1.【翻译】那个男人一言不发地，把吉米从摩托车上扶起来。
The man didn’t say a word and picked Jim up off the motorbike.
【改写】
Without saying a word, the man picked Jim up off the motorbike.
2.【翻译】没有你的认可和指导，我就不会写好这篇文章。
It is your recognition and guidance that I wrote the article.
【改写】
Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article.
典例赏析
（1）熊怒吼一声，跑到湖边洗眼睛。
With an angry roar, the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.
（2）那人一言不发，把 Kim 从摩托车上扶起来，然后平静地走开了。
Without saying a word, the man picked Kim up off the scooter and calmly stepped away.
（3）那个瘦小的小伙子毫不犹豫地跳进冰冷湍急的河水中。
Without hesitation, the thin young man threw himself into the cold and swift river.
To one’s + 名词，表示“让某人……的是”
【翻译】让我们如释重负的是，他们看到我的微笑也礼貌地报之以微笑。
We were relieved that they smiled politely back at me when they saw my smile.
【改写】
To our relief, they smiled politely back at me when they saw my smile.
典例赏析
（1）让我们如释重负的是，爸爸拒绝了这个主意。
To our great relief, Dad turned down the idea.
（2）让她吃惊的是，她看到的只有森林，远远望去，还有一座白雪皑皑的山顶。
To her astonishment, she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond, a snow-capped mountain top.
In+名词，表示“……
地”
1. 【翻译】她们好奇地瞪着眼睛看着结果。They kept their eyes open to read the results surprisingly.
【改写】
In surprise, they kept their eyes open to read the results.
2.【翻译】刹那间，厨房里芳香四溢。
Soon the kitchen was filled with sweet smell.
【改写】
In a flash, sweet smell filled the air in the kitchen.
典例赏析
（1）他们高兴地唱着跳着进入房间。
In delight, they entered the room, singing and dancing.
（2）他们惊讶地睁着眼睛看结果。
In astonishment, they kept their eyes wide open to read the result.
高考真题
1.【段首句】Billie Jean thought to herself.
【续写句】From that day on, Billie Jean asked her neighbors about any jobs she
could do.
比利吉自己想。从那天起，比莉·琼问她的邻居关于她能做的任何工作。
2.【段首句】After what seemed a century, the rescue boat finally broke through the
thick fog , with Hans standing up in the bow(船头), waving to the waiting crowds．
【续写句】On seeing the boat, the crowd, who had been waiting with anxiety, now
burst into cheers.
经过一个世纪的努力，救援船终于冲破了浓雾，汉斯站在船头（船头），向等待的人群挥手。焦
急地等待着船上的人群，立刻爆发了欢呼声。
3.【段首句】That classmate’s comment was like a sharp knife, cutting Jack’s heart
into pieces.
【续写句】For several days, he was in low spirits.
那个同学的评论就像一把锋利的刀，把杰克的心切成了碎片。好几天，他精神很低落。四、巧用形容词短语
形容词（短语）在句中作状语，表达人物做某个动作的原因、结果或状态，可放在句首或句末，
增强感染力，使描述更生动形象。
adj. + to do（形容词+不定式）, 主+谓
1.【翻译】萨姆很好奇她是谁，因此踮着脚走进了屋子里。
Sam was curious to know who she was, so he tiptoed into the room.
【改写】
Curious to know who she was, he tiptoed into the room.
2.【翻译】那可怕的场面让鲍勃一句话说不出来，他惊呆了。
Bob was unable to say a word and was frozen because of the horrible scene.
【改写】
Unable to say a word, Bob was frozen because of the horrible scene.
adj.+as/ though +主谓 (as引导倒装句), 主+谓
【翻译】尽管很虚弱，珍妮挣扎着站起来，继续寻求帮助。
Though she was weak, Jenny struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance.
【改写】
Weak as she was, Jenny struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance..
adj. and adj.（并列情绪形容词）, 主+谓
【翻译】妈妈说不出话来，高兴极了，把双胞胎紧紧地抱在怀里，眼里噙满了泪水。
As she was speechless and happy, Mum held the twins tightly into her arms, with tears
welling up in her eyes.
【改写】
Speechless and happy, she held the twins tightly into her arms, with tears welling up in her
eyes.
adj.+that从句（情绪形容词+从句）, 主+谓
【翻译】突然一只兔子从马匹前跳出来。我害怕我会伤害这个可爱的小生物，我自动发出一声喊
叫来阻止我的马。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. As I was afraid that I might hurt
the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.【改写】
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt the
lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.
高考真题
1.【段首句】“Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.
【续写句】Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out
a cry to stop my horse.
我怕会伤害到这个可爱的小生物，不自觉地大叫了一声，喝住我的马。
2. 【段首句】“We had no idea where we were and it got dark.
【续写句】Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.
我又累又饿，想知道我们能不能找到回去的路。
五、巧用对话
对话 (dialogue) 是故事角色在整个故事中对彼此或对自己说的话。它可以用来揭示人物的性
格和个性，它也可以用来推动情节向前发展，并展示情节发展的过程。
对话的构成
“I don’t think the soldiers like us,” said Shmuel, who looked as if he was about
to cry.
（语言，标签词，描述）
加语气
“I would love to,” said Emily，in a pleasant tone.
“我很乐意这样做，”艾米丽用一种愉快的语气说。
【“in a pleasant tone. ”，即“用一种愉快的语气”，基本结构为：in a/an+形容词+tone】
加嗓音
“I didn’t mean to,” she murmured in a low voice.
“我不是故意的，”她低声说。
【“ in a low voice”，即“小声地说道”或者“用一种...声音”，基本结构是： in a/an+形容词
+voice】加情感
“I...I.. don’t think I’m right for the part,”I replied with embarrassment.
“我...我..认为我不适合这个角色，”我尴尬地回答。
【“ with embarrassment”，即“（伴随着）难堪”，基本结构是： with +情感名词。如 with
excitement （伴随着）激动】
加副词
“I will never do that again,” I answered firmly.
“我再也不会那样做了，”我坚定地回答。
高考真题
【段首句】The car abruptly stopped in front of him.
【续写句】“Get into the car,”Paul shouted at Mac.
“上车吧。”保罗对着麦克喊道。
六、巧用无灵主语
无灵主语句，指用无生命的事物做主语，用人或社会团体的行为或动作做谓语，因此这类句子
常常自带拟人化的修辞色彩，把没有生命的东西，赋予生命力，从而增加了主语的多样性，使语言
更加生动化。
用于情感状态的抽象名词作主语+谓语
【常见的情绪名词】
happiness, joy, delight 开心快乐；excitement 兴奋；surprise, astonishment 惊奇惊讶；
shame 羞耻羞愧；anger 愤怒；despair 绝望；regret 遗憾后悔；sorrow 悲伤；horror 惊恐；
anxiety 焦虑；disappointment 失望沮丧；satisfaction 满意满足；puzzlement 困惑不解；
eagerness 渴望等。
【常见的谓语动词】
seize 侵袭；choke 噎住堵住；flood 充满；creep 不知不觉产生；grip 紧抓；give way to
；wash over 洗涤侵袭；deserted 丢弃遗弃；well up 涌出等。
1.【翻译】他内心涌起一阵阵悲伤。He felt a bit sad inside him.
【改写】
A ripple/flush/wave/surge of sadness welled up inside him.
2.【翻译】突然她看到一个熟悉的身影,内心涌起一阵兴奋.
Suddenly she felt very excited when she caught sight of a familiar figure.
【改写】
Suddenly a wave of happiness and excitement seized/took hold of/swept over her when she
caught sight of a familiar figure.
行为动作的名词作主语+谓语
【常见的行为动作类名词】
thought 想法, glance 一瞥, look 看到, idea 想法, feeling 感受, walk 走路；sight 看到等。
【常见的谓语动词】
overwhelm 压倒；strike 打击侵袭；arouse 唤起；remind 想起；fill... with 充满...；change
改变；bring 带来等。
1.【翻译】我正要离开这时蜂鸟出现了。一阵儿活动引起了我的注意。
I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. I noticed a flash of movement.
【改写】
I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. A flash of movement caught
my attention.
2.【翻译】眼泪顺着她的脸流下来，她说不出话来。
With tears streaming down her face, he couldn’t say a word.
【改写】
Words failed her, with tears streaming down her face,
体部位/音容笑貌类名词+谓语
【常见的部位外貌类名词】
face；laughter；smile；tear；words 说的话等。
【常见的谓语动词】
light up，brighten 照亮；linger 继续存留；well up 涌出；flash 闪烁；crumple 弄皱等。
【翻译】当主持人宣布我获得一等奖时，我激动得心砰砰跳。
When the host announced that I won the first prize, I felt very excited.【改写】
When the host announced that I won the first prize, my heart was thumping/pounding
with excitement.
时间/地点/场景类名词+谓语
【常见的时间、地点类名词】
silence，hush 安静沉默；dusk 黄昏；dawn 黎明破晓；morning；afternoon；night 等。
【常见的谓语动词】
see 看见；witness 见证；find 发现；fall 降临进入等。
典例赏析
① The post war years in Germany saw honors heaped upon the great scientist.
德国战后的岁月里，这位伟大的科学家得到了种种荣誉。
② Beijing has witnessed great changes in recent years.
北京见证了最近几年的的巨大变化。
③ The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
1949 年中华人民共和国成立了。
④ Dusk found the little girl crying in the street.
黄昏时分人们发现小女孩在街上哭。
⑤ That chilly afternoon witnessed him trudging in the snow.
那个寒冷的下午，他在雪地里跋涉。
⑥ Night has fallen over the country. 夜幕已经笼罩着乡间。
自然现象类名词+谓语
【常见的自然现象类名词】
sun；sunshine；moon；moonlight；fog，mist 雾；rain；earthquake 地震等。
【常见的谓语动词】
blanket 覆盖；come；bring；prevent 妨碍阻止；strike 打击侵袭；threaten 威胁/即将来临等。
典例赏析
① An earthquake comes like a thief in the night, without warning.
地震到来，犹如夜贼，不做预告。② A heavy rain visited the city.
这个城市刚下过一场大雨。
③ The rain prevented me from coming.
因为下雨，我不能来。
④ The thick fog blanketed the field.
浓雾笼罩着整个大地。
⑤ The snow scrunched underfoot.
雪在脚下发出嘎吱嘎吱的声音。
⑥ In the severe winter, another snowstorm attacked the whole world.
寒冬，又一场暴风雪侵袭了整个世界。
