清单02 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(二)
专题01 动词的语态
1.用法
被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be 的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be 外,被动
语态的构成形式还有“get/become+过去分词”。 只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态, 但
注意某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态： 如：have 有；cost 花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属
于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成；take part in 参加; 不及物动词或短
语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:happen/take place/occur 发生；remain 剩下；break out 爆发；last
持续；come out 出版；come up 被提出；lose heart 失去信心；run out 用完。情态动词,be going to, be to, be
sure to 等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw 等，常与
well，easily，smoothly 等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
Attention！the sign reads as follows. 注意，告示如下。
The cloth doesn’t wash well.这个布料不好洗。
(2)系动词如smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove 等后接形容词作表语。
Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn’t contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
(3)open，close，lock，move，keep 等动词常与won’t，can’t，wouldn’t 连用。
No matter what he did to the drawer，it wouldn’t open.不论他怎么对付这抽屉，它就是打不开。
(4)在need，want，require，deserve，bear 等动词或worth 等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意
义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The building needs repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修理。
The poet is really worth reading.这部诗歌的确值得一读。
(5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词
有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting 等。be to blame 也属于主动
形式表被动意义。
The problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out 前省略了for me)这道题很难计算。
Who is to blame for the mistake?这个错误应该归咎于谁？
3.主动变为被动时宾语的变化
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
The reporters asked the president some questions.
→The president was asked some questions by the reporters.
→Some questions were asked the president by the reporters.
(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。
WI heard him say good-bye to his friends.
→He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.
【注意】动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。
This dictionary must be taken good care of.
附录:
被动语态的构成(以do 为例)
类别
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
am/is/
are done
was/were
done
will/shall
be done
would/
should
be done
进行
am/is/are
being done
was/were
being done
—
—
完成
have/has
been done
had been
done
will/shall
have been
done
would/should
have been
done
1.(2025 天津高考第一次)The reading materials ________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed
B. had printed
C. have been printed
D. had been printed
2.(2025 天津高考第二次)Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ________ awarded for their
extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.
A. was
B. were
C. has
D. have
3.(2024 天津高考第一次)The fence between the two tennis courts ________. Soon children will have enough
space for football games.
A. are removed
B. is to be removed
C. were to be removed
D. was being removed
4.(2024 天津高考第一次)This online course ________, but you can still access and use the original version.
A. has updated
B. had updated
C. has been updated
D. had been updated
分清主动被动, 辨析语态
1.看到动词为及物动词, 后面缺少宾语,要想到用被动语态。
2. 主谓关系判断法 如果主语是动作的执行者，与谓语动词为主动关系，用主动语态，如果主语是动作
的承受者，与谓语动词为动宾关系，用被动语态。
3.谓语动词性质分析法 判断谓语动词是否具有主动表示被动的性质，如果有则用主动语态； 判断谓语动
词是否具有不能用于被动语态的性质若有则用主动语态。
专题02 主谓一致
一.语法一致原则
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词someone，anyone，everyone 等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
Someone tells me that it is not worthwhile to give up my job. (不定代词作主语)
Serving the people is my great happiness.(动名词作主语)
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. (从句作主语)
特别注意：(1)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2) what 引导的从句作主语
时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
What lies at the root of his troubles is a sense of insecurity. (主语表示单数)
What the school needs are qualified teachers. (主语表示复数)
Many a person thinks it not wise to leave the city I am living in. (many a/more than one＋单数名词)
2.主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等加名词或代词构成短语时,谓语动词的
数要与前面的主语保持一致。and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and
连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，
如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(一个人)
Both you and I are teachers. (两个人以上)
The dancer and expert is said to perform in our school on Children’s Day. (一个人)
3.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.(指代the men)
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. (指代the boy)
4. “形复意单”名词如：news；以-ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：the
United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights(《天方夜谭》)；以及the United
Nations(联合国)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
5. 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
6. 单复数同形的名词，如means，deer，sheep 等作主语时，谓语动词单复数要视情况而定。
二.意义一致原则
1. 集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词
用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience 等。
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动
词用单数；“分数/百分数/the majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后名词的数以及其
表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest 等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
4.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
三.就近一致原则
1.由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only... but also...,not... but...等连接的词语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近
的主语保持一致。
注意：就近原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句中，同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。
Is either Tom or you to be sent to work there?
是你还是汤姆要被派去那里工作？
2.由there, here 引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are many girls having a taste for sweet food, but neither my sister nor I am interested in candies.
1.(2025 新高考I 卷)The players’ personalities ________(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are
exposed to the opponent,
2.(2025 新高考II 卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________(be) one of them.
3.(2025 浙江高考1 月)The concept ________(be) certainly not new--men have been renting good suits for
decades--but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal
movement towards shared economies.
附录：
1.找准主语 看主语是单数还是复数，确定谓语动词的形式。
2.牢记三原则 要记住判断主谓一致的三个原则，注意特殊情况。
3. 综合时态，语态 要与动词的时态和语态综合起来，确定谓语动词的形式。
时间：10 分钟 满分：16 分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026 届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)The reading materials________ before the training began, so
that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed
B. had printed
C. have been printed
D. had been printed
2.(2026 届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考)Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ________
awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs one satellite” project.
A. was
B. were
C. has
D. have
3.(2026 届天津市三校联考)Not only many ancient Chinese poems but also the classic novel Dream of the Red
Chamber ________ to be translated into dozens of foreign languages so far, and great cultural significance
________ to them by people all over the world.
A. have been proved; is attached
B. has been proved; are attached
C. have been proved; are attached
D. has been proved; is attached
4.(2026 届天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一) The historical wooden bridge across the river
________ for over a year due to severe erosion, but the latest report says the restoration ________ and will
reopen next month.
A. has been closed; is progressing B. has been closed; had progressed
C. had been closed; has been progressing D. had been closed; was progressing
5.(2026 届天津市红桥区高三下学期一模)One day I came home and found that a present ________ on the desk:
a book called The Art of Procrastination.
A. has been left
B. was leaving
C. had been left
D. had left
6.( 2026 届天津市河北区高三年级一模)Over the past two hundred years, each of the Peking Opera masks
________ with unique colours and patterns to help the audience identify the character immediately.
A. is designed
B. had been designed C. was designed
D. has been designed
7.(2026 届天津市河北区高三年级一模)The list of recommended books for the literature courses ________ twice
according to the new curriculum guidelines since they were officially released last month.
A. were updated
B. has been updated
C. updated
D. have updated
8. (2026 届天津市耀华中学高三上学期假前训练)Several pages were found ________ when the book
________ me.
A. missing, returned
B. gone, was returned to
C. lost, was returned
D. disappeared, was returned to
9.(2026 届江苏省江阴市江阴市第二中学第一学期高三1 月期末)More shopping centers ________ in our city
to promote the local economy in two years.
A. are being built B. will be built
C. have been built
D. had been built
10.(2026 届天津市河东区第一学期高三年级期末质量检测)So far many a student ________ that honesty and
diligence ________ the key to success.
A. has realized; is B. have realized; are C. has realized; are
D. have realized; is
二. 单句语法填空
1.(2026 届云南昆明市第一中学高三3 月复习诊断)Now more routes ________(develop), including flower-
viewing tours, summer retreats and autumn journeys, all of which are popular among senior travelers.
2.(2026 届福建恒一教育集团高三下学期联合模拟检测二模)The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her
dream with a great deal of freedom, as opposed to a restaurant where the service is impersonal, the menu is known
in advance, and the meal ________(expect) to be no surprise.
3.(2026 届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科规范化英语练习)As is ________(advertise), there will be all sorts of paper-
cutting at the exhibition.
4.(2026 届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03 月测试)Known as the “king of paper”, Xuan paper
has been recording Chinese culture since it was ________(invent).
5.(2026 届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01 月测试)Then, a small amount of water
________(add), and the pan is covered.
6.(2026 届河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期01 月测试(二)It was he rather than I that
________(be) to blame.
时间：10 分钟 满分：20 分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1 Every boy and every girl, as well as teachers who ________ to visit the museum, ________ asked to be at the
school gate before 8:30 in the morning.
A. is, are
B. are, is
C. is, is
D. are, are
2. A new library ________ in our community next year.
A. builds
B. built
C. will be built
D. is built
3. The ancient temple ________ by workers for nearly a month and it ________ to the public next month.
A. repairs; opens
B. is repaired; will open
C. has been being repaired; will be opened
D. repaired; was opened
4. The bridge ________ for 50 years, but it is still in good condition.
A. builds
B. is built
C. has built
D. has been built
5. The results of the exam ________ to the students next Monday.
A. will announce B. will be announced
C. announce
D. are announced
6. Rules ________ to keep order in the school, so everyone must follow them.
A. make
B. are made
C. made
D. will be made
7. The classroom ________ when the fire alarm went off yesterday afternoon.
A. cleans
B. is cleaned
C. was being cleaned
D. had been cleaned
8. The novel ________ by a famous writer in the 1990s and it has been translated into 10 languages.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. was written
D. has been written
9. Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province.
A. have been spent B. were spent
C. has been spent
D. was spent
10. Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved
principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us.
A. would observe B. observed
C. were observing
D. was observing
二. 单句语法填空
1. She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she as well as her brothers ________(follow).
2. What he wants ________(be) a dictionary.
3. There ________(be) a book and two pens on the desk.
4. Not only the people of our nation, ________ all the people of the world have profited from his work.
5. At present, many a farm ________(destroy) because of the unsustainable land use and worsening droughts.
6. Tom, together with his pet dog, ________(take) a walk in the park every evening after dinner.
7. The ________(injury) were rushed to the nearby hospital by an ambulance.
8. To do this ________(be) to cut the feet to fit the shoes.
9. Tom, together with his classmates, ________(prefer) to explore nature rather than stay at home during vacations.
10. However, critics warn that emotion and human connection ________(be) the true soul of opera.
