清单04 非谓语动词(定语,状语)(二)
专题01 非谓语动词作定语
一. 不定式作定语(to do, to be done)
1.当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only 等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语
动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。
2.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，
fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后
一个离校。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
【温馨提示】在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但
是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way 等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。
Would you please give me some paper to write on?请你给我一些能写的纸张吗？
The shopping mall is a good place to go. 购物中心是一个好的去处。
二. 分词作定语(doing, being done, done)
动词-ing 形式作定语(doing,
being done)
及物动词作后置定语，当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现
在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用
“being＋过去分词”。不及物动词作定语，表示动作正在进行。
动词-ed 形式作定语(done)
及物动词作后置定语，当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成
或状态时，用过去分词。过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很
快乐。(主动)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正
在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待
着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)
【易混辨析】
不及物动词的分词形式作定语
falling leaves 正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves 落叶(表完成)
动名词作定语(说明被修饰词的用途或目的)
a walking stick 拐杖
a reading room 阅览室
a sleeping car 卧铺车
1.(2026 天津高考第二次)Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite ________ to track solar storms.
A. designed
B. designing
C. to design
D. having designed
2.(2024 天津高考第一次)From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire ________
new places.
A. to discover
B. to be discovering
C. to be discovered
D. to have discovered
3.(2023 天津高考第二次)The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world,
mainly ________ from Europe and China.
A. originating
B. originated
C. being originated
D. having originated
4.(2023 天津高考第一次)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds
of comments from the public.
A. posting
B. to post
C. posted
D. to be posted
5.(2025 新高考II 卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying
me the chance ________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after
sunning clothes for an entire day.
6.(2025 新高考II 卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________(leave) to
sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
专题02 非谓语动词作状语
一. 不定式作状语
目的状语
为了……， 可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order 或
so as，但so as to 不能用于句首。
结果状语
常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不
料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至
于……)等。
原因状语
常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有
sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish
等。
【温馨提示】形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，
important，impossible，dangerous 等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子
主语之间存在被动关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
二. 分词作状语
时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as 引导的时间状语从句；原因状语相当于because，
since，as 引导的原因状语从句；条件状语相当于if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句；结果状语常用现在分
词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus；方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，
常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句；让步状语相当于though，although，even if 等引导的让步状
语从句。
【易混辨析】动词不定式和动词-ing 作结果状语
动词不定式
表示意想不到的结果。
动词-ing
表示自然而然的结果。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
【温馨提示】某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示
被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/
absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
三. 独立主格
独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上
的主谓或动宾关系；表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
Much work to do tonight(＝As there will be much work to do tonight)，we can’t go to see the film.
今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。
He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his
head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。
附录：
1. 独立成分作状语
独立成分
含义
generally speaking
一般来说
frankly/honestly speaking
坦白地/老实说
judging from/by...
根据……来判断
considering.../taking...into consideration/account
考虑到……
to tell you the truth
说实话
seeing...
考虑到……
given...
考虑到……
compared to/with...
与……相比
1.(2025 天津高考第一次)________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation.
A. Impressing
B. To impress
C. Being impressed
D. Impressed
2.(2024 天津高考第一次)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm,
________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
A. disappointing
B. to disappoint
C. having disappointed
D. disappointed
3.(2024 天津高考第一次)Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when ________ in large amounts or
after 2 pm.
A. consumed
B. being consumed
C. consuming
D. having consumed
4.(2023 天津高考第二次)________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually
succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A. Trying
B. Tried
C. Having tried
D. Having been tried
5.(2025 天津高考第一次)________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
A. Dating
B. Being dated
C. To date
D. To be dated
6.(2025 北京高考)When ________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
7.(2024 北京高考)Just then, some kids ran at him, ________(knock) his books out of his arms.
8.(2024 浙江1 月高考)However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price
reductions doesn’t make sense.
附录：非谓语动词的形式与功能
种类
形式
主动
被动
主语
宾语
宾补
表语
定语
状语
不定式
一般式
to do
to be done
√
√
√
√
√
√
进行式
to be
doing
×
完成式
to have
done
to have
been done
动名词
一般式
doing
being done
√
√
×
√
√
×
完成式
having
done
having
been done
分
词
现在
分词
一般式
doing
being done
×
×
√
√
√
√
完成式
having
done
having
been done
过去
分词
一般式
done(vi.)
表完成
done(vt.)
表被动
与完成
×
×
√
√
√
√
1.
确定谓语动词与非谓语动词
一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动
词；谓语动词要考虑时态，语态和主谓一致等。
如果在句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或者从属连词)的时候，则所给动词一定要
用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词形式需要确定是现在分词形式，过去分词形式，不定式形式还是动名词
形式。
2.确定形式 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用doing, 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的动宾关
系，用done;,
3.确定时态 表示将来的动作：to do/ to be done; 表示正在发生的动作：doing/ being done; 表示完成的动
作：done/ having done/ having been done.
时间：10 分钟 满分：20 分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026 届天津市东丽区高三质量调研试卷)Many gyms now allow members to book online ________ their
waiting time.
A. save
B. saving
C. to save
D. saved
2.(2026 届天津蓟州区上仓中学高考模拟)—My electric bike was stolen last night.
—I’m sorry to hear that, but you are silly ________ it outside.
A. to leave
B. to have left
C. leaving
D. having left
3.(2026 届天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)Despite my ________ legs, our hiking trip was
rewarding, for mounting the top allowed us to take photos ________.
A. ached; to our heart’s content
B. aching; to our heart’s content
C. ached; in our heart’s content
D. aching; in our heart’s content
4.(2026 届天津市耀华中学高三上学期月考)Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers ________ their
past decades to preserving endangered species from extinction.
A. devoted
B. having been devoted C. devoting
D. to devote
5.(2026 届天津市武清区天和城实验中学高三上学期1 月月考)There is a terrible thunder________ the sudden
lightning.
A. followed
B. followed by
C. following
D. following by
6.(2026 届天津市三校联考第二学期高三模拟)________ large-scale experiments, scientists are exploring new
sources of renewable energy.
A. Conducted
B. To be conducted
C. Conducting
D. Conduct
7.(2026 届天津市第四十七中学高三年级第二学期考前测试)In recent years, the government has accelerated its
speed to boost the growth of the digital economy, ________ the Internet Plus policy to deepen the combination of
the Internet with economic and social sectors.
A. to introduce
B. having introduced
C. introducing
D. introduced
8.(2026 届天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查)________ nearly all her spare time to community
service during high school, Li Lei felt a deep sense of fulfillment when she received the volunteer award.
A. Devoting
B. Devoted
C. Having devoted
D. To devote
9.(2026 届天津市静海区第一中学第二学期第一次适应性检测)________ upon his years of experience in the
business, ZhangYong, Alibaba’s new CEO, came up with a novel idea for increasing sales.
A. To draw
B. Being drawn
C. Drawing
D. Drawn
10.(2026 届天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)When the minister came in, the two cheaters were
sitting before the weaver(编织工), ________ busily.
A. pretending working
B. pretending to be working
C. pretended having worked
D. pretended to have worked
二. 单句语法填空
1.(2026 届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)The rhythmic calls of free-range chickens provided
background music for our shoot, ________(occasion) interrupted by the distant laughter of villagers
________(pass) along the paths.
2.(2026 届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Research indicates that government initiatives
________(reshape) early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once
________(establish), this connection can become self-sustaining.
3.(2026 届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban
environmental changes in the model, he was surprised at the scale of the changes ________(require) to restore the
connection to nature.
4.(2026 届河南鹤壁市高中上学期规范化考试)The research group produced two reports ________(base) on the
survey.
5.(2026 届河北石家庄市裕华区石家庄精英中学第二学期第一次调研)The new social media trend centers on a
comfort-driven lifestyle ________(ground) in Traditional Chinese Medicine philosophy.
6.(2026 届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)When ________(face) with adversity, it is resilience
that helps us bounce back.
7.(2026 届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Courses vary in difficulty and ground conditions,
________(allow) runners to choose between flatter routes and ________(demanding) ones. With multiple distance
options available, participants can choose ________(base) on their experience levels and personal goals.
8.(2026 届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)________(launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-
2003 survey, this survey covered over 12 sq km.
9.(2026 届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科月考)________(trap) in the freezing water, Kiana knew the only effective
plan was to get to shore herself and find help.
10.(2026 届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科月考)In my twenties, I threw ________ into city life: ________(sample)
Mediterranean restaurants, navigating around on the Tube, and staying out late with friends.
时间：10 分钟 满分：20 分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1. The community garden project, ________ by a group of enthusiastic volunteers last spring, has now blossomed
into a vibrant green space enjoyed by all residents.
A. launched
B. launching
C. having launched
D. to launch
2. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her.
A. to appoint
B. having appointed
C. appointed
D. appointing
3. The letter ________ to the headmaster yesterday will probably get a reply within a week.
A. composing
B. to compose
C. composed
D. to be composed
4. ________ with boys, girls usually use the Internet to do their lessons, listen to music or buy things they need.
A. Compared
B. Comparing
C. To compare
D. Being compared
5. ________ with excitement, the children ran toward the amusement park as soon as the gates were opened.
A. Filling
B. Filled
C. To fill
D. Having filled
6. ________ by the inspiring speech, many students decided to take part in the school’s speech contest.
A. Motivated
B. Motivating
C. To motivate
D. Motivate
7. The latest survey, ________ by the foreign company, found that more than 12% teenagers wanted to work as
pilots.
A. to be conducted
B. conducted
C. being conducted
D. having conducted
8. Reading materials ________ for children entered schools to help them develop the habit of financial
management at a young age.
A. having intended
B. intended
C. intending
D. having been intended
9. After ________ by the heavy deluge, Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots, many
tourists ________ in the disaster region.
A. being struck, were trapped
B. struck, having been trapped
C. being struck, trapped
D. having been struck ; were trapped
10. He stood at the window, his eyes ________ on the heavy rain pouring down outside for hours.
A. having fixed
B. to fix
C. fixed
D. fixing
二. 单句语法填空
1. We’ll spend roughly two hours climbing the mountain, ________(admire) the breathtaking scenery and taking
photos all the way.
2. ________(stretch) 250 kilometers, Helan Mountain is home to more than 20,000 ancient rock carvings.
3. The zoo’s director, Narongwit Chodchoi, said the additional earnings from Moo Deng will help the zoo’s
________(breed) programs for many endangered animals, like the pygmy hippo, which is threatened by illegal
hunting and loss of habitat.
4. To my amazement, our first attempt ________(develop) new software was a great success.
5. From light shows and drone displays to interactions with robots, tech-driven scenes ________(create) by scenic
spots and cultural sites have become must-visit check-in points for tourists ________(touch) the future.
6. Confucius was the first person in Chinese history ________(bring) education to all people, and in particular to
those of ordinary birth.
7. Here, 56-year-old Yang Yongliang — a skilled worker of the 2,000-year-old Jiaya Tibetan carpet-making craft —
moves between looms and students, his hands ________(follow) patterns from older generations.
8. He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans ________(include).
9. There ________(be) no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying.
10. The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice,
skilled enough ________(apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory.
