译林版 中考英语语法详解--非谓语动词
一、 基本概念
谓语动词： 在句子中作谓语的动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
o He studies English. (studies是谓语动词)
非谓语动词： 在句子中不能单独作谓语，但可以充当其他成分（如主语、宾语、
宾语补足语、定语、状语等）的动词形式。它没有人称和数的变化。
o To study English is important. (to study作主语)
o He wants to study English. (to study作宾语)
o He saw Tom studying English. (studying作宾语补足语)
非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
二、 动词不定式 (to do)
1. 基本形式： to + 动词原形 (有时to可省略)
2. 句法功能（在句中可充当多种成分）：
作主语：
o To learn a foreign language is not easy.
o 常用 It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型代替：
o It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
作宾语： 常接在下列动词后：want, hope, wish, decide, plan, agree, choose, learn,
refuse等。
o He decided to go abroad.
作宾语补足语：
o 常接在下列动词后：ask, tell, want, wish, teach, advise, allow, encourage
等。
o My parents asked me to finish my homework first.
o 使役动词let, make, have 和 感官动词see, hear, watch, feel 后，省略
to：
o The boss made the workers work (省略to) 12 hours a day.
o I saw him cross (省略to) the street.
作定语（后置定语）： 放在被修饰的名词之后。
o I have a lot of homework to do.
o He is the first one to arrive.
作状语： 表示目的、原因、结果等。
o He came to see me. (目的)
o I'm sorry to hear that. (原因)
3. 疑问词 + 不定式： 相当于一个名词短语。
I don't know what to do. (我不知道该做什么。)
Can you tell me how to get to the station? (你能告诉我如何去车站吗？)
三、 动名词 (v.-ing)
动名词兼有动词和名词的特征。
1. 句法功能：
作主语：
学科网（北京）股份有限公司o Swimming is good for health.
作宾语：
o 动词宾语： 常接在下列动词后：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid,
suggest, keep等。
I enjoy reading books.
o 介词宾语：
Thank you for helping me.
He is interested in playing basketball.
作表语：
o His job is teaching English.
2. 固定句型：
It is no use/no good + doing sth. (做某事没用/没好处)
be worth doing (值得做)
be busy doing (忙于做)
四、 分词
分词兼有动词和形容词的特征，包括现在分词（v.-ing）和过去分词（v.-ed）。
1. 现在分词 (v.-ing)： 表示主动和进行。
2. 过去分词 (v.-ed)： 表示被动和完成。
3. 句法功能：
作定语：
o a sleeping boy (一个正在睡觉的男孩) [主动，进行]
o a broken window (一扇被打碎了的窗户) [被动，完成]
作表语： 表示主语的特征或状态。
o The movie is exciting. (这部电影令人兴奋。) [使人...]
o We are excited. (我们很兴奋。) [感到...]
作宾语补足语：
o 现在分词：强调动作正在进行。
I saw him crossing the street. (我看见他正在过马路。) [动作部分
完成]
比较：I saw him cross the street. (我看见他过了马路。) [动作全过
程]
o 过去分词：强调被动关系。
I want to have my hair cut. (我想理发。) [头发被剪]
作状语：
o Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. (听到这个消息，他高兴得跳了起
来。) [现在分词作原因状语，主动]
o Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (从山上看，这座城市很美。) [过
去分词作条件状语，被动]
五、 中考高频考点与易混点辨析
1. 不定式 vs. 动名词作宾语： 记住哪些动词后只能接不定式，哪些只能接动名词。
o 常接不定式： want, hope, wish, decide, plan, agree, choose, refuse,
learn
学科网（北京）股份有限公司o 常接动名词： enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, suggest, keep, be busy,
be worth
2. see/hear sb. do sth. vs. see/hear sb. doing sth.
o do sth. 表示看到/听到动作的全过程或经常性动作。
o doing sth. 表示看到/听到动作正在进行。
3. ** exciting vs. excited / boring vs. bored** (-ing vs. -ed)
o -ing 结尾的形容词，意为“令人...的”，修饰物。
The news is exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋。)
o -ed 结尾的形容词，意为“感到...的”，修饰人。
We are excited at the news. (我们对这个消息感到兴奋。)
4. ** forget/remember/regret to do vs. forget/remember/regret doing**
o to do： 忘记/记得/遗憾要去做某事 (动作未发生)
Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.
o doing： 忘记/记得/遗憾做过某事 (动作已发生)
I remember seeing him somewhere before.
六、 中考经典例题分析
1. （ ）My mother often tells me ____ too much junk food. It's bad for my
health.
A. not to eat B. don't eat C. not eat D. to not eat
答案：A。解析：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 是固定结构。否定不定式，not放在to前
面。
2. （ ）— What are you busy with?
— ____ for the coming party.
A. Prepare B. Prepared C. Preparing D. To prepare
答案：C。解析：问句问“忙于做什么”，答语是“我正在为即将到来的派对做准
备”。be busy doing sth. 是固定搭配。
3. （ ）The little boy saw the airplane ____ and disappear into the sky.
A. take off B. taking off C. took off D. to take off
答案：A。解析：see sb./sth. do sth. 表示看到动作的全过程（起飞并消失）。
see后接省略to的不定式作宾补。
4. （ ）— How do you feel about the ____ news?
— I'm very ____.
A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited
答案：A。解析：第一空修饰物news，用exciting（令人兴奋的）；第二空修饰人
I，用excited（感到兴奋的）。
5. （ ）It's important for us ____ a healthy lifestyle.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
答案：C。解析：It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 是固定句型，it是形式主语，真
正的主语是后面的不定式to have。
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