清单01 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(一)
专题01 动词的时态
一、一般体
1.一般现在时
(1)表示科学事实、客观真理或自然现象(在过去的语境中也用一般现在时)。
(2)表示现在经常性的、习惯性的、反复的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，
sometimes，every day 等。
(3)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如
come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off 等。
The party begins at 7 o’clock. 聚会再七点钟开始。
(4)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world. 如果有足够的时间，我将进行环球旅行。
1.(2025 年1 月·浙江高考)The concept _______(be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for
decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal
movement towards shared economies.
2.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the
past while stepping into the modern world,70._______(mean)there is always something new to discover
here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与过去的时间状语yesterday，last year，three years
ago，the other day 等时间状语连用。如果在一段语段中, 根据上下文或主从句提示。
I didn’t pass the exam，which made my parents very angry.我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。
(2)时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
1.(2025 天津高考第二次)The Song Dynasty _______ the introduction of jiaozi, which is supposedly the world’s
first paper money.
A. has seen
B. had seen
C. sees
D. saw
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I _______(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.Now, I’m living out that
dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
3.一般将来时
shall/will+动词原形
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。其中will+动词原形也表示说话时临时作
出的决定
be going to+动词原形
表示按计划、打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
be to+动词原形
表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作
be about to+动词原形
表示正要或即将做某事，不与具体的时间状语连用
I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven o’clock this morning.今天上午 11 点我要去见布朗先生。
Work is about to start on a new factory building.新厂房即将动工。
注意：if 条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。
If you will give her another chance, she will surprise you. 如果你再给她一次机会，她会给你惊喜。
(2023 年上海6 月秋季高考英语真题)—Can you imagine_______ in 2035?
— I’m sure it will be better.
A. what our life was
B. what will our life be like
C. what was our life
D. what our life will be like
二、进行体
1.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
(2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return 等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。
We are going hiking this Sunday. 这周日我们要去远足。
(3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever 等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含
有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。
He is always getting angry with me. 他总是对我生气。
(2011 年浙江高考)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _______. We must act immediately before there’s none
left.
A. have run out
B. have been run out C. are running out
D. are being run out
2.过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。
(2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while 引导的时间状语从句连用。
The teacher came in while the boy was reading a novel.那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。
(3)一些非延续性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常见动词有go，come，
leave，start，arrive。
She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。
(2015 重庆高考)She told me that she _______ her homework when I called her.
A. was doing
B. is doing
C. does
D. did
3.将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。
Don’t phone me between 5 and 6.We’ll be having dinner then.不要在五点至六点之间给我打电话，那时
我们在吃晚饭。
(2023 天津高考第一次)Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you
_______ a group for a birthday party.
A. will be bringing
B. have brought
C. have been bringing
D. were bringing
完成体
1.现在完成时
1.表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never 等副词。
He has already obtained a scholarship. 他已经获得了奖学金。
2.表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语
连用，常与之连用的时间状语有lately，recently，until now，ever since，in the last(past) few days/years，up
to now，so far 等。
The film has been on for half an hour. 电影已经开始半个小时了。
3.下列句型中常用现在完成时。
This/That/It is the first/second/...time that+现在完成时
This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting/...+名词+that+现在完成时
It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 这是我第三次看这部电影。
It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。
1.(2025 天津高考第一次)Although it has been proved that Benjamin Franklin’s experiment took place, more than
one scientist _______ what really happened.
A. has questioned
B. have questioned
C. was questioning
D. were questioning
2.(2023 天津高考第一次)Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats,
_______ a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades.
A. has caused
B. have caused
C. was causing
D. were causing
2.过去完成时
1. 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常见的时间状语有by+过去时间点，by the end of+过去时间
点，by the time+从句，until/before/since+过去时间点或从句。
I had put away my cellphone before my father came back.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把我的手机收起来
了。
(2)在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than, It was the first/second... time (that)... 等句型中。
We had hardly/scarcely left the house when it began to rain. =No sooner had we left the house than it began
to rain. =It was the third time he had been out of work that year. 我们一离开房子就开始下雨了。
(3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希
望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hope, want, plan, think, suppose 等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本打算帮忙的，但是没能及时到达那里。
(2025 天津高考第一次)The reading materials _______ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed
B. had printed
C. have been printed
D. had been printed
其他
1.现在完成进行时
(1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响
到现在，不强调将来的延续。
I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon. 我整个下午都在打扫这个房子。
(2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。
I have been telephoning him several times this morning.
(2024 天津高考第一次)The Smiths _______ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to
New Zealand two years ago.
A. had been missing
B. were missing
C. have been missing
D. will be missing
2.过去将来时
1.表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
She said she would retire the next year.她说她明年就退休了。
2.三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构：was/were going to+动词原形；was/were to+动词原形；was/were about
to+动词原形。
was/were going to+动词原形表示过去打算或计划将要做某事。
He told me he was going to get married the next week.他告诉我他打算下周结婚。
was/were about to+动词原形表示过去即将要发生的动作。常构成句型was/were about to do...when...
She was about to say something more，and then checked herself.她还想说几句，接着又克制住了自己。
Look at the setting sun! We _______ late for the train if we didn’t hurry up.
A. were
B. were going to be
C. were about to be
D. were to be
附录：
1. 与一般过去时连用的常用时间状语
yesterday
①
、the day before yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening……
last Friday
②
、last week、last month、last summer、last year……
ten minutes ago
③
、five hours ago、two weeks ago、three years ago……
the other day
④
、just now……
in+
⑤
过去时间---in 1976、in 2016、in the 19th century……
⑥隐形时间要注意：previously 先前的
2.与现在完成时连用的常用时间状语
before
①
、already、just、never、ever、yet、lately、recently……
how long
②
、since+过去时间点、for+一段时间……
in the past five days
③
，over the last few years…
so far, up to/till now, to date
④
It is the first time that…; the best/most +
⑤
名词+that…
3.与一般现在时连用的常用时间状语
now, today, nowadays, every year, usually 等
3.与一般将来时连用的常用时间状语
next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow 等
4.与进行时连用的常用时间状语
now, at present, at this moment 等
5.与过去完成时连用的常用时间状语
by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after 引导的从句等
二、 常考动词的时态的相关句式(带★号为常考句式)
①★was/were doing... when...+一般过去时
was/were about to do... when...+
②
一般过去时
③★it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时
④★it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时
No sooner had+
⑤
主语+done... than+一般过去时
Hardly/Scarcely had+
⑥
主语+done... when+一般过去时
It will be+
⑦
时间段+before+一般现在时
⑧It is/has been+时间段+since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一
般过去时。
⑨祈使句+and/or+陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。
⑩It is (high/about) time that sb...，that 后面的句子要用一般过去时或should+动词原形。
一、根据明确的时间状语判断动词的时态
根据句子中出现的时间状语来确定句子的时态。
2. 固定句型判断法
根据固定句型来确定句子的时态。
3.语境综合判断法
根据上下文语境考虑设空处说的是什么时候的事情，从而确定相应的动词的时态。
时态呼应判断法
主句是将来时，状语从句(时间，条件，让步等状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时；主句的谓语动词用一
般过去时，宾语从句中用过去相应的时态。
时间：10 分钟 满分：20 分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.( 2025-2026 学年天津市和平区天津市第一中学上学期高三年级英语学科第四次月考)I _______ French for
3 years after I graduated from university, which helped me secure a good job in Paris.
A. have studied
B. have been studying
C. had studied
D. studied
2.( 2025-2026 学年天津市宝坻区第九中学高三上学期第二次月考英语试题)He _______ three books and he
was working on another one when I went to visit him.
A. has written
B. had written
C. would write
D. is writing
3.( 2025-2026 学年天津市耀华中学红桥学校高三上学期月考)She is the only one of the students who _______
selected to represent our school at the national English speech contest last month.
A. was
B. were
C. has been
D. have been
4.(2025-2026 学年天津市武清区天和城实验中学高三上学期1 月月考)Since the policy was launched, the city
over 100,000 new energy vehicles.
A. has registered
B. registered
C. had registered
D. registers
5.(2025-2026 学年天津市蓟州区杨家楼中学高三上学期12 月月考)The breakthrough in online teaching
challenges the “classroom-only” tradition that _______ the education industry’s development in recent years.
A. had been driven B. had driven
C. has driven
D. has been driven
6.(2025-2026 学年天津市滨海新区渤油第一中学高三上学期第二次)At the ongoing campus technology
competition, many a student _______ innovative solutions to global energy challenges.
A. are presenting
B. was presenting
C. is presenting
D. were presenting
7.( 2025-2026 学年天津市滨海新区天津经济技术开发区第一中学高三上学期1 月月考)The lady insisted that
the young man _______ her wallet and that he should be sent to the police station at once.
A. had stolen
B. steal
C. has stolen
D. stole
8.( 2025-2026 学年天津市滨海新区天津经济技术开发区第一中学高三上学期1 月月考)He asked for my
forgiveness and promised that he ________ things right.
A. made
B. had made
C. will make
D. would make
9.(2025-2026 学年天津市宝坻区第四中学2025-2026 学年高三上学期月考)The dive leader, as well as the crew
members, _______ the weather reports carefully when the storm warning was issued this morning.
A. has checked
B. have checked
C. was checking
D. were checking
10.(2025-2026 学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学北湖校区高三上学期月考)The teacher, together with his
students, ________ hard on the project since the beginning of this semester.
A. was working
B. have been working
C. were working
D. has been working
二.单句语法填空
1.(2026 届河北省文安县第一中学高三下学期一模)In Sept., the 2025 China International Online Literature Week
opened in Hangzhou, …
Charles-Emmanuel Dewees,co-founder and editor-in-chief of Chireads, a French platform for translating and
promoting Chinese online literature, _______(compare) cross-border literature spreading to a“multiplayer
instance” in online games.
2.(2026 届河北省文安县第一中学高三下学期一模)While AI can boost translation efficiency, “elegance” — the
“ya” in the classic Chinese standard of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance — still _______(require) a
human touch.
3.(2026 届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学高三英语周考)On the shores of the Bohai Sea where the
winding Yellow River _______(empty) into the ocean, Dongying’s landscape has been shaped by an unusual
geographical legacy.
4.(2026 届南京市、盐城市高三年级第一次模拟考试)Azheke _______(ride) the 21st-century wave of eco-
tourism and become a popular destination.
5.(2026 届山东济南市高三4 月阶段性检测)With the approach of Qingming, one of 24 solar terms, which
_______(mean) “clear and bright”, the icy grip of winter has loosened.
6.(2026 届安徽定远育才学校高三第二次模拟检测)What must remain unchanged _______(be) our traditional
dyeing(染色) technique.
7.(2026 届安徽芜湖市无为中学等校下学期高三3 月考试)Now her son and other youth are tasked with
promoting it to ensure that the conversation she _______(kick) off with ancient needlework decades ago finds
eager listeners on digital screens.
8.( 2026 届江苏扬州市广陵区扬州市新华中学高三3 月考前适应性练习二)The term first _______(emerge) in
1956 when University of Chicago sociologists observed TV viewers engaging in parasocial relationships with
onscreen personalities.
9.(2026 届江苏扬州市广陵区扬州市新华中学高三3 月考前适应性练习二)Opportunities for asymmetrical(不对
称) relationships _______(mushroom) in the internet era over the past few years.
10.(2026 届山东省日照第一中学高三下学期3 月份单元质量检测)In Anji, a county in northwestern Zhejiang
Province, bamboo _______(replace) plastic in various products in recent years.
时间：10 分钟 满分：20 分 得分：_______
一.单项选择
1. —The number of applicants for the house _______ in the last five years.
—That’s true. I _______ for a year, but my turn is yet to come. I believe I will make it.
A. doubled; am queuing up
B. has doubled; have been queued up
C. have doubled; have been queuing up
D. has doubled; have been queuing up
2. — Is Peter coming?
— No, he _______ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. is changing
B. has changed
C. had changed
D. changed
3. —Sally, I _______ the design already.
—Wow, wonderful!
A. am finishing
B. was finishing
C. finish
D. have finished
4. —I haven’t seen you for ages. Have you graduated from college?
—Yes. I _______ English for four years in Nanjing University.
A. have studied
B. studied
C. had studied
D. is studying
5. The employee you had been thinking highly _______ dishonest in handling the company’s data security.
A. of proving
B. of proved
C. of to prove
D. of being proved
6. The team _______ the production process, so now the factory operates at peak efficiency.
A. had improved
B. had been improved
C. has improved
D. has been improved
7. In the memory test conducted at Nankai University, volunteers were asked to recall the words they _______
right before the task began.
A. had just memorized
B. were just memorizing
C. just memorized
D. have just memorized
8. The historical wooden bridge across the river _______ for over a year due to severe erosion, but the latest report
says the restoration _______ and will reopen next month.
A. has been closed; is progressing
B. has been closed; had progressed
C. had been closed; has been progressing
D. had been closed; was progressing
9. —Wow, your garden is blooming so brilliantly — what’s your secret?
—I _______ these plants every morning for the past two months.
A. was tending toB. tended to
C. have been tending to D. am tending to
10. — I saw you in the park earlier.
— Oh, I _______ my dog when it started to rain.
A. was walking
B. walked
C. had walked
D. have walked
二. 单句语法填空
1.
The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms moved in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly
_______(interrupt) our peaceful morning trip.
2. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds _______(prove) skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.
3. As far as I know, it _______(be) three years since we were reunited with each other last time.
4. I_______(intend) to go outing yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
5. The rising sun _______(colour) the sky bright red when we climbed onto the top of the mountain.
6. Jasmine Flower is a popular Chinese song which _______(date) from the 18th century.
7. No sooner _______ he got home than it rained.
8. He is one of the students who _______(be) late for school.
9. On the top of the hill _______(stand) a temple.
10. Only when you realize the importance _______ you study hard.
