第 02 讲 完形填空——说明文和议论文
目录
01 课标达标练（完形填空）
考向 1 说明文
考向 2 议论文
02 核心突破练
说明文和议论文创新练
03 真题溯源练01 课标达标练（完形填空）
考向 1 说明文
1.完形填空
Instead of enjoying the summer vacation time like most junior middle school students, Feng Boyao and
Meng Shuqi were busy 1 the Braille (布拉耶盲文) reading 2 they invented.
Feng and Meng, students at No. 37 Middle School in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, spent nearly a year
developing a new kind of Braille reading device and won first prize at a recent provincial-level youth science and
technology innovation 3 .
The patented device was 4 for a national-level competition that 5 in Beijing. A large
number of Braille 6 dots had been set up on the device. It could translate Braille content as a cursor (光
标) moved across a computer screen via a computer application.
They said the education for those people with visual 7 was mainly based on Braille books, but
very few Braille books could be found in the marketplace, or they were 8 and couldn’t meet the needs of
the blind. And only a small number of people had access to Braille reading devices, which are very 9 and
might sell for as much as 10,000 yuan or more. “The 10 of our device is much lower, so it will be
advantageous in terms of market 11 ,” they said.
In addition, because of its magnetic structure, the content 12 on the device was said to be more
13 than others.“We hope our device can help reduce the proportion of blind people who become poor from 14 of
education,” Meng said. “We also 15 to contribute our power to China’s poverty alleviation (扶贫)
strategy.”
1．A．improving B．filling C．arming D．starting
2．A．book B．device C．engine D．form
3．A．examination B．meeting C．competition D．party
4．A．canceled B．hunted C．blamed D．entered
5．A．kicked off B．put off C．gave off D．took off
6．A．contact B．connect C．attach D．relate
7．A．barriers B．adaptation C．height D．disabilities
8．A．fashionable B．strict C．outdated D．tied
9．A．advanced B．popular C．expensive D．affordable
10．A．size B．cost C．distance D．rate
11．A．trust B．evidence C．flight D．promotion
12．A．reveal B．displayed C．admired D．fired
13．A．accurate B．lasting C．severe D．profound
14．A．use B．lack C．freedom D．delicacy
15．A．allow B．highlight C．wish D．permit
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．D
12．B 13．A 14．B 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两位中学生发明新型盲文阅读装置并获科技竞赛奖项及其优
势。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不像大多数初中生那样享受暑假时光，冯博尧和孟淑琪正忙着改进他们发
明的盲文阅读装置。A. improving改进；B. filling填充；C. arming武装；D. starting开始。根据后文“spent
nearly a year developing a new kind of Braille reading device”可知，他们在研发设备，所以此处指改进自己发
明的装置。故选A。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. book书；B. device装置；C. engine发动机；D. form形式。根据后文
“a new kind of Braille reading device”可知，他们发明的是一种盲文阅读装置。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：冯和孟是山西省太原市第37中学的学生，他们花了近一年的时间开发了一
种新型盲文阅读装置，并在最近的一次省级青少年科技创新竞赛中获得了第一名。A. examination考试；B.meeting会议；C. competition竞赛；D. party聚会。根据后文“won first prize”可知，他们是在竞赛中获奖。
故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项获得专利的装置被送去参加在北京举行的一场国家级竞赛。A. canceled
取消；B. hunted搜寻；C. blamed责备；D. entered参加。根据后文“for a national-level competition”可知，
装备被报名参加比赛。故选D。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. kicked off开始；B. put off推迟；C. gave off发出；D. took off起飞，
脱下。根据前文“The patented device was ___4____ for a national-level competition that”可推知，此处指比赛
是在北京开始。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：装置上设置了大量的盲文接触点。A. contact接触；B. connect连接；C.
attach附上；D. relate使有关联。根据后文“dots”及常识可知，盲文是通过接触点来阅读的，所以这里说的
是接触点，contact dots“接触点”。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说，针对视障人士的教育主要基于盲文书籍，但在市场上很难找到盲
文书籍，或者这些书籍已经过时，无法满足盲人的需求。A. barriers障碍；B. adaptation适应；C. height高
度；D. disabilities残疾。根据后文“was mainly based on Braille books,”可知，这里说的是视障人士的教育，
visual disabilities“视力障碍”。故选D。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fashionable时尚的；B. strict严格的；C. outdated过时的；D. tied
系着的。根据后文“and couldn’t meet the needs of the blind”可知，盲文书籍无法满足需求，是因为这些书
籍已经过时。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，只有少数人能够接触到盲文阅读装置，这些装置非常贵，售价可
能高达1万元或更多。A. advanced先进的；B. popular流行的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. affordable负担得
起的。根据后文“might sell for as much as 10,000 yuan or more”可知，这些装置非常贵。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们装置的成本要低得多，因此在市场推广方面将具有优势，”他们说。
A. size尺寸；B. cost成本；C. distance距离；D. rate比率。根据前文“might sell for as much as 10,000 yuan
or more”及后文“of our device is much lower”可知，该装置的优势是成本低。故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. trust信任；B. evidence证据；C. flight航班；D. promotion推广。根
据上文“The ___10___ of our device is much lower, so it will be advantageous in terms of market”及常识可知，
成本低有利于市场推广。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于其磁性结构，装置上显示的内容据说比其他装置更准确。A.
reveal揭示；B. displayed显示；C. admired钦佩；D. fired解雇。根据后文“on the device”可知，这里说的
是装置上显示的内容，the content displayed on the device指设备“显示”的内容，displayed是过去分词作后置定语。故选B。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. accurate准确的；B. lasting持久的；C. severe严重的；D.
profound深刻的。根据上文“because of its magnetic structure”可知，磁性结构使得显示的内容更准确。故
选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们希望我们的装置能够帮助减少因缺乏教育而致贫的盲人比例，”孟
说。A. use使用；B. lack缺乏；C. freedom自由；D. delicacy精致。根据前文“They said the education for
those people with visual ___7___ was mainly based on Braille books, but very few Braille books could be found in
the marketplace, or they were ____8___ and couldn’t meet the needs of the blind”可知，缺乏教育资源是盲人致
贫的原因。故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们也希望为中国的扶贫战略贡献我们的力量。A. allow允许；B.
highlight强调；C. wish希望；D. permit允许。根据前文“We hope our device can help reduce the proportion
of blind people who become poor from ___14___ of education,”可知，他们表达的是希望为扶贫战略贡献力量，
wish to do sth.表示“希望做某事”。故选C。
2.The Qingming Festival is popularly associated with Jie Zitui, who lived in Shanxi Province in around 600
B．C． Legend has it that Jie saved his 1 lord’s life by serving a piece of meat from his own leg. When
the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, he invited his 2 follower to join him.
However, Jie 3 his invitation, preferring having a hermit’s life with his mother in the mountains.
The lord didn’t want him to leave and knew Jie was obedient. Believing that he could 4 Jie out by
burning the mountain, the lord 5 his men to set the forest 6 . To his astonishment, Jie chose to
7 in the mountain and was burnt to death. The lord regretted doing this. In 8 of Jie, the lord ordered
all fires in every home to be 9 on the anniversary of Jie’s death. The story began the Cold Food Festival,
a day when no hot food could be cooked since no fire could be lit.
The Cold Food Festival occurs on the day before the Qingming Festival and is often 1 0 as part of
it. As time passed, the Qingming Festival replaced the Cold Food Festival. Whatever practice is 1 1 , the
basic observance of Qing Ming is to remember one’s elders by making a special 1 2 to visit their graves,
ashes or ancestral tablets. To make the visit even more meaningful, some time should be 1 3 to let the
young generation of family members know ancestors’ past 1 4 and contributions, and the story of Jie
Zitui who chose 1 5 over capitulation (投降).
1．A．starving B．suffering C．shouting D．waiting
2．A．respectful B．faithful C．careful D．meaningful3．A．accepted B．declined C．received D．noted
4．A．break B．attack C．force D．depress
5．A．lowered B．dug C．directed D．ordered
6．A．on fire B．on the floor C．in danger D．under protection
7．A．leave B．seize C．remain D．queue
8．A．honor B．search C．favor D．defence
9．A．got out B．put out C．given out D．figured out
10．A．considered B．thought C．looked D．taken
11．A．bonded B．observed C．admired D．founded
12．A．conversation B．speech C．happening D．effort
13．A．cost B．spent C．taken D．trusted
14．A．impressions B．schedules C．struggles D．bonuses
15．A．bully B．interest C．death D．profits
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．B
12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了清明节与介子推的传说及其习俗演变。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：传说介子推从自己的腿上割下一块肉，救了他快要饿死的君主的命。A.
starving快要饿死的；B. suffering受苦的；C. shouting大喊大叫的；D. waiting等待的。根据后文“by
serving a piece of meat from his own leg”可知，介子推从自己的腿上割下一块肉，是为了救快要饿死的君主
的命。故选A。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这位君主成功成为一个小诸侯国的统治者时，他邀请他忠实的追随者
加入他。A. respectful恭敬的；B. faithful忠实的；C. careful仔细的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据上文
“Jie saved his 1 lord’s life by serving a piece of meat from his own leg”可知，介子推对君主很忠实，所以
君主邀请他忠实的追随者加入他。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，介子推拒绝了他的邀请，宁愿和母亲在山里过着隐士的生活。A.
accepted接受；B. declined拒绝；C. received收到；D. noted注意到。根据后文“preferring having a hermit’s
life with his mother in the mountains”可知，介子推拒绝了君主的邀请，宁愿和母亲在山里过着隐士的生活。
故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：君主认为他可以通过烧山来迫使介子推出来，于是命令手下放火烧山。A.
break打破；B. attack攻击；C. force迫使；D. depress使沮丧。根据后文“Jie out by burning the mountain”可知，君主认为他可以通过烧山来迫使介子推出来。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. lowered降低；B. dug挖；C. directed指导；D. ordered命令。根据后
文“his men to set the forest”可知，君主命令手下放火烧山。故选D。
6．考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. on fire着火；B. on the floor在地板上；C. in danger处于危险中；D.
under protection在保护下。根据上文“by burning the mountain”可知，君主命令手下放火烧山，即让森林着
火。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令他惊讶的是，介子推选择留在山上，被烧死了。A. leave离开；B. seize
抓住；C. remain留下；D. queue排队。根据后文“in the mountain and was burnt to death”可知，介子推选择
留在山上，被烧死了。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了纪念介子推，君主下令在介子推去世周年之际，家家户户都要熄火。
A. honor荣誉，纪念；B. search搜索；C. favor帮助；D. defence防御。根据后文“the lord ordered all fires in
every home to be 9 on the anniversary of Jie’s death”可知，君主下令在介子推去世周年之际，家家户户
都要熄火，这是为了纪念介子推。故选A。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. got out出去；B. put out熄灭；C. given out分发；D. figured out弄清
楚。根据上文“The lord regretted doing this.”可知，君主后悔烧死了介子推，所以下令家家户户都要熄火。
故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：寒食节发生在清明节的前一天，通常被认为是清明节的一部分。A.
considered认为；B. thought思考；C. looked看；D. taken带走。根据后文“as part of it”可知，寒食节通常
被认为是清明节的一部分。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论遵循什么习俗，清明节的基本习俗都是通过特别努力去拜访祖先的坟
墓、骨灰或牌位来纪念长辈。A. bonded结合；B. observed遵循（习俗等）；C. admired钦佩；D. founded
建立。根据后文“the basic observance of Qing Ming is to remember one’s elders”可知，此处指遵循清明节的
习俗。故选B。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. conversation对话；B. speech演讲；C. happening事件；D. effort努
力。根据后文“to visit their graves, ashes or ancestral tablets”可知，清明节的基本习俗是通过特别努力去拜
访祖先的坟墓、骨灰或牌位来纪念长辈。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了让这次拜访更有意义，应该花些时间让年轻一代的家庭成员了解祖先
过去的奋斗和贡献，以及介子推宁死不屈的故事。A. cost花费（花费钱财）；B. spent花费（常用于spend
time (in) doing sth.结构）；C. taken花费（常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth.结构）；D. trusted信任。根
据前文“some time should be”可知，此处指花费时间让年轻一代的家庭成员了解祖先过去的奋斗和贡献，且主语为人，应用spend time (in) doing sth.结构。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. impressions印象；B. schedules时间表；C. struggles奋斗；D.
bonuses奖金。根据前文“know ancestors’ past”和后文“and contributions”可知，此处指让年轻一代的家庭
成员了解祖先过去的奋斗和贡献。故选C。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. bully欺凌弱小者；B. interest兴趣；C. death死亡；D. profits利润。
根据上文“in the mountain and was burnt to death”可知，介子推选择留在山上被烧死，即宁死不屈。故选
C。
3.（2025·河北省秦皇岛市河北昌黎第一中学高三下学期考前最后一卷）Jeffrey Lee, a Mizzou
architectural studies graduate who formed Level Studio in 2021, just gave the charging infrastructure project an
injection of new energy. With Level Studio 1 Christopher Taurasi and Lexi White, Lee put forward the
electric vehicle (EV) charging station concept, Electric Oasis, which won the 2023 Forge Prize. 2 steel as
the primary building material, the design reimagines existing gas stations as charging 3 for electric
vehicles.
With the 4 from gas-powered vehicles — the goal is to have EVs 5 at least 50% of
new car sales by 2030 — conventional gas stations could be put 6 . But half of gas stations are on
petroleum-polluted land that requires strict 7 . The studio’s design features “tree-like” steel canopies (顶
篷) that 8 into their foundation an innovative system that removes ethanol (乙醇) pollution.
The concept also addresses the 9 EV charging process. Filling a tank of gas usually takes around 2
to 5 minutes, 10 the time required for an EV to reach a 11 charge can take up to 4.5 hours.
“Our solution was to create more spaces, to transform the gas station into something that’s more of a destination,”
Lee says. In their design it’s not 12 a charging station. “What does the community need? Can these
spaces also 13 them?” “The design is flexible, so it can be 14 to different sites.”
For now, the team is pursuing leads and is 15 to partnering with interested companies or
development teams to put their Electric Oasis design into practice.
1．A．applicants B．co-founders C．friends D．physicians
2．A．Employing B．Undertaking C．Instructing D．Deciding
3．A．approaches B．privileges C．inventions D．destinations
4．A．angle B．purpose C．shift D．boundary
5．A．rise to B．make up C．take down D．cut down
6．A．at a loss B．out of date C．out of business D．at risk7．A．coverage B．restoration C．innovation D．distribution
8．A．integrate B．change C．force D．shrink
9．A．lengthy B．delicate C．rough D．smooth
10．A．because B．despite C．though D．while
11．A．rich B．full C．steady D．typical
12．A．necessarily B．casually C．merely D．slightly
13．A．ignore B．serve C．hold D．please
14．A．reformed B．justified C．committed D．adapted
15．A．accustomed B．addicted C．equal D．open
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．D 11．B
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2021年成立Level Studio (水平工作室)的密苏里大学建筑系毕业生
Jeffrey Lee (杰弗里·李)及其团队提出“Electric Oasis (电之绿洲)”电动汽车充电站概念，获2023年Forge (锻
造)奖，该设计旨在改造传统加油站，兼具除乙醇污染功能与社区服务属性。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Jeffrey Lee与“水平工作室”联合创始人Christopher Taurasi和Lexi
White的共同努力下，他们提出了电动汽车充电站的概念——“电之绿洲”，该概念荣获了2023年“锻造
奖”。A. applicants申请人；B. co-founders共同创立者；C. friends朋友；D. physicians内科医生。根据后
文“Christopher Taurasi and Lexi White”可知，工作室还有两个人，因此是联合创始人，故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该设计以钢材作为主要建筑材料，将现有的加油站重新构想为电动汽车的
充电站点。A. Employing采用；B. Undertaking承担；C. Instructing指导；D. Deciding决定。根据后文
“steel as the primary building material”指设计采用了钢材作为主要建筑材料，故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该设计以钢材作为主要建筑材料，将现有的加油站重新构想为电动汽车的
充电站点。A. approaches方法；B. privileges特权；C. inventions发明；D. destinations抵达站、终点。根据
上文“the design reimagines existing gas stations as charging”此处指把加油站改为电动汽车的充电站点，后文
“that’s more of a destination”也是提示。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着燃油汽车的转型——目标是到2030年电动汽车至少占新车销量的50%
——传统加油站可能会停业。A. angle角；B. purpose目的；C. shift转换，转型；D. boundary边界。根据
后文“at least 50% of new car sales by 2030”可知，电动汽车至少占新车销量的50%，即燃油汽车面临转型。
故选C。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着燃油汽车的转型——目标是到2030年电动汽车至少占新车销量的50%——传统加油站可能会停业。A. rise to克服困难；B. make up构成，组成；C. take down记下；D. cut down
砍倒。根据后文“at least 50% of new car sales”指销售占比，用make up。故选B。
6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：随着燃油汽车的转型——目标是到2030年电动汽车至少占新车销量的50%
——传统加油站可能会停业。A. at a loss困惑；B. out of date过时；C. out of business倒闭的、停业的；D.
at risk冒险。上文“at least 50% of new car sales by 2030 — conventional gas stations could be put”提到到2030
年电动汽车至少占新车销量的50%，那么传统加油站可能会停业倒闭。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有一半的加油站位于受石油污染的土地上，这些土地需要进行严格的修
复工作。A. coverage报道；B. restoration修复；C. innovation创新；D. distribution分布。根据上文
“petroleum-polluted land”可知，土地被污染，需要修复。故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该工作室的设计采用了“树状”的钢质顶篷，这些顶篷将消除乙醇污染的
创新系统集成到其它地基融中。A. integrate融合，成为一体；B. change改变；C. force迫使；D. shrink缩
小。根据后文“into their foundation an innovative system that removes ethanol (乙醇) pollution”可知，树状顶
篷将创新系统整合（integrate）到地基中，表示系统被纳入设计。故选A。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该概念还解决了电动汽车充电时间过长的问题。A. lengthy漫长的；B.
delicate脆弱的；C. rough粗糙的；D. smooth顺利的。根据后文“charge can take up to 4.5 hours”可知，电动
汽车充电时间过长。故选A。
10．考查连词和介词词义辨析。句意：给汽车油箱加满油通常需要2到5分钟，而电动汽车充满电所需的
时间则可能长达4.5小时。A. because因为；B. despite尽管；C. though虽然；D. while而，当……时候。根
据上文“Filling a tank of gas usually takes around 2 to 5 minutes”以及后文“charge can take up to 4.5 hours”可
知是将燃油汽车和电动汽车进行对比，while符合语境。故选D。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：给汽车油箱加满油通常需要2到5分钟，而电动汽车充满电所需的时间
则可能长达4.5小时。A. rich富有的；B. full满的；C. steady稳定的；D. typical典型的。根据后文“charge
can take up to 4.5 hours”指电动汽车充满电需要4.5小时。故选B。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在其设计上，它不仅仅是一个充电站。A. necessarily必要地；B. casually
随意地；C. merely仅仅；D. slightly稍微。根据后文“The design is flexible”可知，设计很灵活，不仅仅是
一个充电站。故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些空间是否也能服务他们呢？A. ignore忽视；B. serve服务；C. hold持
有；D. please取悦。根据上文“What does the community need?”指空间可以服务与社区。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：设计具有灵活性，因此可以适应不同的场地。A. reformed改革；B.
justified证明；C. committed投入；D. adapted适应。根据上文“The design is flexible, so it can be”可知，设计灵活，可以适应不同的场地。故选D。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，该团队正在追踪潜在机会，并愿意与感兴趣的公司或开发团队合
作，将他们的“电之绿洲”设计付诸实践。A. accustomed习惯的；B. addicted上瘾的；C. equal相等的；
D. open开放的。根据后文“to partnering with interested companies or development teams”指团队对其他公司
或开发团队持开放态度，谋求共同合作。故选D。
4.（2025·江苏省前黄高级中学高三下学期第一次阶段检测）Venice has long suffered under the pressure
of overtourism, leading to endangered heritage sites. Nowadays, it is launching a(n) 1 campaign to
inform visitors of a pilot program announced last year.
Day-trippers to the canal city of Venice who fail to pay 5 euros to 2 the city’s historic center will
face 3 starting at 10 times the entrance fee. Officials have avoided calling it a tax, opting for 4
words like contribution, since it also aims to come up with more money to help better 5 the
phenomenon.
Visitors arriving at the main train and bus stations will first be met by stewards (乘务员) who will remind
them of the new requirement and 6 anyone who hasn’t yet downloaded the QR code (二维码) . Payment
places will be 7 for anyone without a smartphone. Anyone 8 beyond designated (指定的)
control places without the required documentation will be 9 to fines. These will 10 from 50
to 300 euros, plus the maximum entrance fee allowed by law, set at 10 euros.
An exemption voucher (免除凭证) will be 11 to people who access the city for work, school or
medical care, as well as to people born in Venice and 12 of the region.
Mayor Luigi Brugnaro hopes the program can reduce crowds on 13 days, encourage longer
visits and improve the quality of life for residents.
The advertising video, 14 Brugnaro speaking a variety of languages aided by artificial
intelligence, has become a 15 .
1．A．recycling B．advertising C．welcoming D．marketing
2．A．enter B．evaluate C．decorate D．promote
3．A．pays B．fines C．rewards D．compensations
4．A．harder B．plainer C．softer D．smarter
5．A．acknowledge B．interpret C．manage D．highlight
6．A．assist B．trace C．monitor D．identify
7．A．set up B．moved away C．torn down D．taken over
8．A．left B．sent C．thought D．found9．A．ready B．forced C．applied D．subject
10．A．distinguish B．arise C．range D．differ
11．A．made B．issued C．printed D．collected
12．A．students B．workers C．stewards D．residents
13．A．clear B．peak C．gloomy D．ordinary
14．A．opposing B．catching C．anticipating D．featuring
15．A．hit B．kick C．strike D．beat
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．C 11．B
12．D 13．B 14．D 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了威尼斯为缓解过度旅游压力，实施付费进入历史中心计划及相关
管理措施。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，威尼斯正在发起一场宣传活动，向游客介绍去年宣布的一项试点
计划。A. recycling回收利用的；B. advertising宣传的；C. welcoming欢迎的；D. marketing营销的。根据下
文“campaign to inform visitors of a pilot program announced last year.”以及“The advertising video,
____14____ Brugnaro speaking a variety of languages aided by artificial intelligence, has become a ____15____ .”
可知，此处指的是威尼斯发起一场宣传活动。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：前往运河城市威尼斯的一日游游客，如果没有支付5欧元进入该市历史中
心的费用，将面临罚款，罚款金额至少是门票价格的10倍。A. enter进入；B. evaluate评估；C. decorate装
饰；D. promote促进。根据上文“Day-trippers to the canal city of Venice”以及语境可知，此处指的是进入该
市历史中心的游客。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前往运河城市威尼斯的一日游游客，如果没有支付5欧元进入该市历史中
心的费用，将面临罚款，罚款金额至少是门票价格的10倍。A. pays付款；B. fines罚金；C. rewards奖励；
D. compensations补偿金。根据下文“Anyone ____8____ beyond designated (指定的) control places without
the required documentation will be ____9____ to fines.”可知，此处指的是没有支付进入该市历史中心的费用，
游客将面临罚款。故选B。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：官员们避免称其为税收，而是选择了更温和的词汇，如“贡献”，因为
该计划还旨在筹集更多资金，以帮助更好地管理这一现象。A. harder更难的；B. plainer更简单的；C.
softer更温和的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据上文“Officials have avoided calling it a tax”以及下文“words
like contribution”可知，官员们避免称其为税收，而是选择了更温和的词汇。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：官员们避免称其为税收，而是选择了更温和的词汇，如“贡献”，因为该计划还旨在筹集更多资金，以帮助更好地管理这一现象。A. acknowledge承认；B. interpret解释；C.
manage管理；D. highlight强调。根据上文“Venice has long suffered under the pressure of overtourism, leading
to endangered heritage sites.”和“Day-trippers to the canal city of Venice who fail to pay 5 euros
to ____2____ the city’s historic center”以及下文“the phenomenon”可知，此处指的是管理威尼斯过度旅游
这一现象。故选C。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：抵达主要火车站和汽车站的游客将首先遇到乘务员，他们会提醒他们新的
要求，并帮助任何尚未下载二维码的人。A. assist帮助；B. trace追踪；C. monitor监控；D. identify识别。
根据下文“anyone who hasn’t yet downloaded the QR code (二维码) .”以及常识可知，乘务员会帮助那些尚未
下载二维码的人。故选A。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：将为没有智能手机的人设立支付点。A. set up设立；B. moved away搬走；
C. torn down拆除；D. taken over接管。根据下文“for anyone without a smartphone”以及语境可知，此处指
的是为没有智能手机的人设立支付点。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何在没有所需文件的情况下在指定控制区域外被发现的人将被处以罚款。
A. left离开；B. sent发送；C. thought认为；D. found发现。根据下文“beyond designated (指定的) control
places without the required documentation”可知，此处指的是在没有所需文件的情况下，在指定控制区域外
被发现的人。故选D。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：任何在没有所需文件的情况下在指定控制区域外被发现的人将被处以罚
款。A. ready准备好的；B. forced被迫的；C. applied应用的；D. subject可能遭受……的。根据下文“to
fines”以及语境可知，此处指的是可能遭受罚款。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些罚款将从50欧元到300欧元不等，外加法律允许的最高10欧元的门
票费用。A. distinguish区分；B. arise出现；C. range范围；D. differ不同。根据下文“from 50 to 300 euros,
plus the maximum entrance fee allowed by law, set at 10 euros.”可知，此处指的是罚款的范围。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因工作、上学或医疗原因进入该市的人，以及在威尼斯出生和该地区的居
民将获得免除凭证。A. made制作；B. issued颁发；C. printed打印；D. collected收集。根据上文“An
exemption voucher (免除凭证)”可知，此处指的是颁发免除凭证。故选B。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因工作、上学或医疗原因进入该市的人，以及在威尼斯出生和该地区的居
民将获得免除凭证。A. students学生；B. workers工人；C. stewards乘务员；D. residents居民。根据上文
“people born in Venice”以及下文“of the region”可知，此处指的是在威尼斯出生的和该地区的居民。故选
D。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：市长Luigi Brugnaro希望该计划能减少高峰日的游客数量，鼓励更长时间的游览，并提高居民的生活质量。A. clear清晰的；B. peak高峰的；C. gloomy阴暗的；D. ordinary普通
的。根据下文“encourage longer visits and improve the quality of life for residents.”可知，此处指的是减少高
峰日的游客数量。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这则广告视频以Brugnaro在人工智能的帮助下说多种语言为特色，已经成
为热门。A. opposing反对；B. catching抓住；C. anticipating预期；D. featuring以……为特色。根据下文
“Brugnaro speaking a variety of languages aided by artificial intelligence,”可知，此处指的是这则广告视频以
Brugnaro在人工智能的帮助下说多种语言为特色。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这则广告视频以Brugnaro在人工智能的帮助下说多种语言为特色，已经成
为热门。A. hit受欢迎的人或物；B. kick踢；C. strike罢工；D. beat击败。根据上文“The advertising
video”以及语境可知，此处指的是这则广告视频已经成为热门。故选A。
5.（2025·内蒙古赤峰市高三模拟）Yu Kongjian, one of China’s most distinguished urban designers, can
remember the day he nearly died in the river at the age of ten when he was swept into floodwaters. 1 ,
banks of willows and reeds slowed the river’s 2 , allowing Yu to grab the vegetation and pull himself out.
It was a(n) 3 moment that would impact not only Yu’s life, but the rest of China as well. He
studied landscaping in Beijing and design at Harvard, returning to China in 1997. 4 by its outdated basic
facilities, he 5 an urban design philosophy based on traditional Chinese concepts.
Yu 6 the sponge (海绵) city concept of managing floods. Unlike conventional flood control, Yu’s
7 , inspired by ancient Chinese farming techniques, emphasizes 8 rainfall and slowing down surface
run-off (地表径流). This method not only 9 flood pressure but also creates green spaces, parks, and
animal habitats, while 10 water with plants removing polluting nutrients.
In 2015, the Chinese government 11 a plan and an ambitious goal: By 2030, 80 percent of
China’s urban areas must have elements of a sponge city, and 12 at least 70% of rainfall. Some
cities in Singapore, the United States and Russia have started employing similar 13 .
The sponge city is 14 for using natural processes to solve the city’s problems, said
sustainable design expert Dr. Nirmal Kishnani. “We have to find our way back to seeing ourselves as a part of
15 .”
1．A．Gradually B．Immediately C．Eventually D．Fortunately
2．A．expansion B．flow C．wave D．rise
3．A．defining B．promising C．engaging D．alarming
4．A．Excited B．Shocked C．Moved D．Embarrassed5．A．changed B．stopped C．questioned D．advocated
6．A．made up for B．put up with C．came up with D．stood up for
7．A．attitude B．approach C．discovery D．goal
8．A．absorbing B．taking C．reducing D．wasting
9．A．causes B．increases C．eases D．controls
10．A．channeling B．pumping C．locking D．purifying
11．A．canceled B．announced C．delayed D．revised
12．A．recycle B．adjust C．analyze D．contain
13．A．meaning B．business C．concepts D．activities
14．A．common B．remarkable C．complex D．responsible
15．A．society B．history C．nature D．culture
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B
12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名城市设计师俞孔坚及其提出的海绵城市概念。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，河岸上的柳树和芦苇减缓了河水的流速，让俞抓住了植被，把
自己拉了出来。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Immediately立即；C. Eventually最终；D. Fortunately幸运的是。
根据下文“allowing Yu to grab the vegetation and pull himself out.”可知他最终获救了，这是幸运的事。故选
D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. expansion扩张；B. flow流动；C. wave波浪；D. rise上升。根据
上文“banks of willows and reeds slowed the river’s”和常识可知河岸上的柳树和芦苇减缓了河水的流动。故
选B。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个决定性的时刻，不仅影响了余的生活，也影响了整个中国。A.
defining决定性的；B. promising有前途的；C. engaging迷人的；D. alarming令人担忧的。根据下文“that
would impact not only Yu’s life, but the rest of China as well”可知这个时刻不仅影响了余的生活，也影响了整
个中国，所以是决定性的时刻。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对陈旧的基础设施感到震惊，主张以中国传统理念为基础的城市设计
理念。A. Excited激动的；B. Shocked震惊的；C. Moved感动的；D. Embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文“its
outdated basic facilities”可知他对陈旧的基础设施应该是感到震惊。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. changed改变；B. stopped停止；C. questioned质疑；D. advocated
提倡。根据上文“by its outdated basic facilities”可知见过中国的陈旧的基础设施后，他提倡以中国传统理念为基础的城市设计理念。故选D。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：俞提出了管理洪水的海绵城市概念。A. made up for弥补；B. put up with忍
受；C. came up with提出；D. stood up for支持。根据下文“the sponge (海绵) city concept”可知是提出管理
洪水的海绵城市概念。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与传统的防洪方法不同，俞的方法受到中国古代农业技术的启发，强调吸
收降雨和减缓地表径流。A. attitude态度；B. approach方法；C. discovery发现；D. goal目标。根据上文
“Unlike conventional flood control”可知与传统的防洪方法不同，所以这里说的是俞的方法。故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. absorbing吸收；B. taking拿，取；C. reducing减少；D. wasting浪
费。根据上文“the sponge (海绵) city concept”可知海绵城市概念应是强调吸收雨水。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种方法不仅缓解了洪水压力，还创造了绿地、公园和动物栖息地，同时
用植物净化水，去除污染的营养物质。A. causes引起；B. increases增加；C. eases缓解；D. controls控制。
根据上文“emphasizes 8 rainfall and slowing down surface run-off (地表径流)”可知这种方法强调吸
收雨水和减缓地表径流，所以可推断出能缓解洪水压力。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. channeling输送；B. pumping泵送；C. locking锁住；D. purifying
净化。根据下文“removing polluting nutrients”可知是净化水。故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2015年，中国政府宣布了一项计划和一个雄心勃勃的目标：到2030年，
中国80%的城市地区必须具备海绵城市的要素，并回收至少70%的降雨。A. canceled取消；B. announced
宣布；C. delayed延迟；D. revised修订。根据下文“a plan and an ambitious goal”可知中国政府宣布了一项
计划和一个雄心勃勃的目标。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. recycle回收；B. adjust调整；C. analyze分析；D. contain包含。
根据上午“80 percent of China’s urban areas must have elements of a sponge city”和下文“at least 70% of
rainfall”可知能回收至少70%的降雨。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：新加坡、美国和俄罗斯的一些城市已经开始采用类似的概念。A. meaning
意义；B. business生意；C. concepts概念；D. activities活动。根据前文“the sponge (海绵) city concept”，
可知其他国际也开始采用类似的概念。故选C。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可持续设计专家Nirmal Kishnani博士说，海绵城市在利用自然过程解决
城市问题方面表现出色。“我们必须重新把自己视为自然的一部分。”A. common普遍的；B. remarkable
显著的；C. complex复杂的；D. responsible负责任的。根据前文“In 2015, the Chinese government 1 1
a plan and an ambitious goal: By 2030, 80 percent of China’s urban areas must have elements of a sponge city, and
12 at least 70% of rainfall.”可知可持续设计专家Nirmal Kishnani博士说海绵城市在利用自然过程解决城市问题方面应该是显著的，出色的。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. society社会；B. history历史；C. nature自然；D. culture文化。
根据上文提到的利用自然过程解决城市问题，可知我们必须认识到自己是自然的一部分。故选C。
6.（2025·安徽省滁州市高三下学期第二次教学质量监测）
Ever wondered how many drops of water a single penny can hold before spilling? This seemingly simple
experiment reveals the invisible 1 governing liquids and offers a delightful “wow” moment. Let’s
2 the science adventure with only a penny, a dropper (滴管), water, and a steady hand.
First, clean a copper penny to remove dirt or oils — 3 coins work best. Then fill the dropper with
water and begin 4 droplets onto the penny’s surface, one at a time. Watch closely as the water forms a
dome (圆丘), growing taller with each addition. Here’s 5 things get strange: 6 the penny’s flat
surface, the water won’t spill immediately. Instead, it creates a 7 bubble beyond expectations.
The magic lies in surface tension — water molecules (分子) holding together through cohesive forces. Like
an elastic skin, this tension 8 the liquid until gravity overpowers it. Count the drops until the dome
9 ; most trials yield 25 — 40 drops. 10 like water temperature or cleanliness will affect results
11 , as they change molecular bonds.
Science isn’t just for 12 — it often hides in 13 sight. By engaging with everyday
mysteries, you can cultivate a mindset that questions, explores, and 14 . Who knows? You might
discover a new 15 for physics or chemistry while having fun!
1．A．forces B．intentions C．features D．patterns
2．A．look up B．dive into C．turn into D．show up
3．A．round B．heavy C．thin D．shiny
4．A．blocking B．pouring C．releasing D．withdrawing
5．A．what B．where C．why D．which
6．A．in case of B．in terms of C．in spite of D．in place of
7．A．trembling B．shrinking C．breaking D．flowing
8．A．reflects B．adjusts C．permits D．banks
9．A．bursts B．arises C．attacks D．exposes
10．A．Questions B．Degrees C．Factors D．Barriers
11．A．wrongly B．slowly C．dramatically D．occasionally
12．A．rules B．labs C．ideas D．practices
13．A．short B．wide C．distant D．plain14．A．innovates B．requests C．adapts D．appreciates
15．A．trend B．passion C．chance D．option
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．C
12．B 13．D 14．A 15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个简单的科学实验——探究一枚硬币能容纳多少滴水才会溢
出。通过这个实验揭示了表面张力这一无形的力量对液体的作用，说明科学并不只存在于实验室中，还隐
藏在日常生活中，鼓励人们通过探索日常奥秘培养质疑、探索和创新的思维方式。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个看似简单的实验揭示了支配液体的无形力量，并带来一个令人愉悦的
“哇”时刻。 A. forces力量；B. intentions目的；C. features特征；D. patterns模式。根据下文“The magic
lies in surface tension - water molecules (分子) holding together through cohesive forces.”可知，这个实验揭示了
控制液体的无形力量。故选A项。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：让我们只用一枚硬币、一个滴管、水和一只稳定的手就投入到这场科学冒
险中吧。A. look up查阅；B. dive into潜入；C. turn into变成；D. show up出现。根据下文“the science
adventure”可知，这里是说开始进行这个科学实验。故选B项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，清洗一枚铜币以去除污垢或油脂 —— 有光泽的硬币效果最好。
A. round圆的；B. heavy重的；C. thin薄的；D. shiny闪亮的。根据上文“clean a copper penny to remove
dirt or oils”可知，清洗后硬币会更有光泽，所以这里说有光泽的硬币效果最好。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后将滴管装满水，开始将水滴释放到硬币表面，一次一滴。 A. blocking
阻塞；B. pouring倾倒；C. releasing释放；D. withdrawing撤回。根据下文“one at a time.”可知，用滴管往
硬币上滴水，也就是将水滴释放到硬币表面。故选C项。
5．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是事情变得奇怪的地方：尽管硬币表面很平，但水不会立即溢出。
A. what什么；B. where在哪里；C. why为什么；D. which哪一个。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少地点状语，
故用连接副词where引导。故选B项。
6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：这就是事情变得奇怪的地方：尽管硬币表面很平，但水不会立即溢出。 A.
in case of以防；B. in terms of就……而言；C. in spite of尽管；D. in place of代替。硬币表面平按常理水容
易溢出，但实际上水不会立即溢出，这里表示转折，“in spite of”符合语境，故选C项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，它会形成一个出乎意料的颤抖的水泡。A. trembling颤抖的；B.
shrinking缩水的；C. breaking破碎的；D. flowing流动的。根据下文“bubble beyond expectations.”和常识可
知，随着水滴的增加，水在硬币上形成的水泡会有轻微的颤动。故选A项。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像一层有弹性的皮肤，这种张力支撑着液体，直到重力超过它的作用。
A. reflects反映；B. adjusts调整；C. permits允许；D. banks支撑。根据上文“Like an elastic skin, this
tension”可知，表面张力就像有弹性的皮肤一样支撑着液体，使其不会马上溢出。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：数一下水滴，直到圆丘破裂；大多数试验会得到25到40滴水。A. bursts爆
裂；B. arises出现；C. attacks攻击；D. exposes暴露。随着水滴增多，圆丘最终会破裂，水就会溢出。故选
A项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：像水温或清洁度这样的因素会显著影响实验结果，因为它们会改变分子键。
A. Questions问题；B. Degrees程度；C. Factors因素；D. Barriers障碍。根据下文“like water temperature or
cleanliness”可知，水温或清洁度是影响实验结果的因素。故选C项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：像水温或清洁度这样的因素会显著影响实验结果，因为它们会改变分子键。
A. wrongly错误地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. dramatically显著地；D. occasionally偶尔。根据下文“as they
change molecular bonds.”可知，水温或清洁度这些因素会对分子键产生影响，从而显著地影响实验结果。
故选C项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学不只是属于实验室的——它常常隐藏在平常的视线中。A. rules规则；
B. labs实验室；C. ideas想法；D. practices实践。根据下文“it often hides in ____13____ sight.”可知，科学
隐藏在平常视线中，因此科学不只是在实验室里。故选B项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学不只是属于实验室的——它常常隐藏在平常的视线中。 A. short短
的；B. wide宽的；C. distant遥远的；D. plain普通的。根据上文“Science isn’t just for ____12____”可知，
科学在日常生活中随处可见。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过参与日常奥秘的探索，你可以培养一种质疑、探索和创新的思维方式。
A. innovates创新；B. requests要求；C. adapts适应；D. appreciates欣赏。空处与与“questions（质疑）”
和“explores（探索）”并列，且符合培养思维方式的语境，“innovates（创新）”最合适。故选A项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：谁知道呢？你可能在享受乐趣的同时发现了对物理或化学的新热情！ A.
trend趋势；B. passion热情；C. chance机会；D. option选择。根据下文“while having fun”可知，通过参与
这种有趣的科学实验，可能会让人对物理或化学产生新的热情。故选B项。
7.（2025·黑龙江省新时代高中教育联合体高三下学期4月考试）
How tall are you? Do you 1 your friends and family — or are they people you literally have to tower
over? 2 , we’re not all the same, and size doesn’t really 3 . But did you know that there’s a
possibility that we’ re all getting taller?
Of course, our height is out of our 4 — it’s a biological fact, 5 partly by genetics. The ideathat being taller gives you more power and authority might be a tall story, but according to David Robson, writing
for BBC Future, “On the basis of first impressions alone, taller people may have the 6 .” He adds that 7
some slight risks to your health, various studies have found that the greater your height, the 8 you score on
measures of happiness and 9 of life.
If this makes you want to become taller, it’s good to know that all of us are taller than we were 150 years ago
— by as much as ten centimeters. Scientists have known for a long time that humans with good diets and 10
access to food tend to grow taller and mature more quickly. Adult height in some countries has 11 as they
transformed into a developed society.
For those 12 to be taller, we need to look at the Dutch, who stand head and shoulders 13 the
rest of us as the tallest people in the world. But, of course tall people have to stoop through doorways and 14
to fit in cars and can have joint problems, so maybe we should be 15 for what we wish for.
1．A．look back on B．look down on C．look up to D．look forward to
2．A．Obviously B．Seriously C．Absolutely D．Hopefully
3．A．matter B．expand C．fold D．contract
4．A．place B．control C．question D．reach
5．A．ignored B．improved C．inspired D．influenced
6．A．pressure B．edge C．difference D．disadvantage
7．A．without B．with C．beyond D．despite
8．A．lower B．tighter C．higher D．shorter
9．A．enjoyment B．entertainment C．disappointment D．embarrassment
10．A．limited B．free C．remote D．reliable
11．A．declined B．varied C．rocketed D．stabilized
12．A．curious B．eager C．concerned D．afraid
13．A．above B．to C．below D．by
14．A．climb B．push C．force D．struggle
15．A．prepared B．responsible C．careful D．grateful
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C
12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C
【解析】文的是说明文。文章主要围绕人类身高的变化、身高与权力或权威的关系、身高与幸福感的关系，
以及不同国家和地区人们的身高差异进行了说明和解释。1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你身高多少？你是仰视着你的亲友——还是需要俯视他们呢？A. look back
on回顾；B. look down on轻视；C. look up to仰望；D. look forward to期待。根据前文“How tall are you?”
以及后文“or are they people you literally have to tower over?”可知，前文问有多高，后文说俯视他们，所以
空处应是仰视他们，形成对比。故选C项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，我们并非都一样高，而且身高其实并不重要。A. Obviously显然；B.
Seriously严肃地；C. Absolutely绝对地；D. Hopefully但愿，有希望地。根据后文“we’re not all the same”
可知，我们不都一样是很显然的事。故选A项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，我们并非都一样高，而且身高其实并不重要。A. matter重要；B.
expand扩展；C. fold折叠；D. contract收缩。根据前文“size doesn’t really”结合选项可知，应是“身高其
实并不重要”符合语境。故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，我们的身高是无法控制的——这是一个生物学事实，部分受基因的
影响。A. place放置；B. control控制；C. question质疑；D. reach到达。根据后文“it’s a biological fact”可
知，身高是一个生物学事实，所以是我们无法控制的。故选B项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，我们的身高是无法控制的——这是一个生物学事实，部分受基因的
影响。A. ignored忽视；B. improved改进；C. inspired激励；D. influenced影响。根据后文“partly by
genetics”结合常识可知，身高部分受基因的影响。故选D项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“越高越有权力和权威”的说法可能听起来很夸张，但大卫·罗布森在为
BBC Future撰写的文章中表示：“单从第一印象来看，越高的人可能更有优势。”A. pressure压力；B.
edge优势；C. difference差异；D. disadvantage劣势。根据前文“The idea that being taller gives you more
power and authority might be a tall story”可知，越高越有权力和权威，所以越高的人可能更有优势。故选B
项。
7．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他补充说，尽管对你的健康有轻微的风险，但各种研究发现，你的身高越
高，你在幸福和享受生活方面的得分就越高。A. without没有；B. with带有；C. beyond超出；D. despite尽
管。根据句意可知，空处表达“尽管”之意，引导让步状语。故选D项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. lower更低；B. tighter更紧；C. higher更高；D. shorter更短。根
据前文“The idea that being taller gives you more power and authority”可知，越高越有优势。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. enjoyment愉快；B. entertainment娱乐；C. disappointment失望；
D. embarrassment尴尬。根据前文“The idea that being taller gives you more power and authority”可知，越高
越有优势，所以也就越快乐。故选A项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家们很早就知道，饮食健康、食物来源可靠的人往往长得更高，成熟得更快。A. limited有限的；B. free自由的；C. remote遥远的；D. reliable可靠的。根据and可知空处和
前文的“with good diets”并列，所以此处应是“可靠的食物来源”符合语境。故选D项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一些国家，成年人的身高随着他们向发达社会的转变而急剧上升。A.
declined下降；B. varied变化；C. rocketed飙升；D. stabilized稳定。根据后文“as they transformed into a
developed society.”结合前文内容可知，饮食健康、食物来源可靠的人往往长得更高，而发达国家更能保证
这点，所以成年人的身高随着他们向发达社会的转变而急剧上升。故选C项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于那些渴望长高的人来说，我们需要看看荷兰人，他们是世界上最高
的人，远远高于我们其他人。A. curious好奇；B. eager渴望；C. concerned担忧；D. afraid害怕。根据后文
“we need to look at the Dutch, who stand head and shoulders the rest of us as the tallest people in
the world.”可知，需要看看荷兰人，他们是世界上最高的人，所以应是对于那些渴望长高的人来说。故选B
项。
13．考查介词词义辨析。句意：对于那些渴望长高的人来说，我们需要看看荷兰人，他们是世界上最高的
人，远远高于我们其他人。A. above在……之上；B. to向；C. below在……之下；D. by通过。根据后文
“as the tallest people in the world”可知，他们是世界上最高的人，所以远远高于我们其他人。故选A项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当然了，高个子的人必须弯腰穿过门口，努力挤进车里，并且可能
有关节问题，所以也许我们应该小心我们的愿望。A. climb攀爬；B. push推动；C. force强迫；D. struggle
挣扎。根据前文“But, of course tall people have to stoop through doorways”可知，此处讲述高个子的缺点，
所以应是“努力挤进车里”符合语境。故选D项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然了，高个子的人必须弯腰穿过门口，努力挤进车里，并且可能有关
节问题，所以也许我们应该小心我们的愿望。A. prepared准备好的；B. responsible负责的；C. careful仔细
的；D. grateful感激的。根据前文“But, of course tall people have to stoop through doorways and
to fit in cars and can have joint problems”可知，虽然高个子有优势但是也有缺点，所以应是小心我们的愿望。
故选C项。
8.Farmers at Malaysia’s Mono Premium Melon Farm have discovered the right mix of nutrients and
treatments to successfully grow Japanese muskmelons, one of the world’s 1 fruits. One of the 2
involves workers rubbing the melons with a soft cloth. The farmers believe that doing this can 3 the taste
of the fruit. They also play classical music around the plants, which is thought to increase 4 .
Since the last century, farmers in Japan have been growing the fruit which is 5 for their tastiness
and shape. In Japan, the costly melons are sold just in 6 stores as luxury products.
The farmers say they 7 to grow melons with the same level of quality as those sold in Japan. Butthe process is more 8 in Malaysia because of the country’s hotter and wetter climate.
“We have to make sure that nutrition and the watering are done very consistently and 9 ,” says
Elaine Chow, the co-founder of the farm, in Putrajaya, south of Kuala Lumpur.
The Malaysian farmers get their 10 from Japan and also travel to Japanese farms to 11
the correct growing methods. The farmers say they have done a lot of 12 to find out the best nutrition for
the muskmelon plants.
The farmers’ 13 have paid off so far. The first crop of 200 selected muskmelons had quickly
14 at 40 US dollars per kilogram. That 15 is about one-third lower than that in Japan.
1．A．smallest B．costliest C．heaviest D．ugliest
2．A．methods B．countries C．theories D．stories
3．A．try B．miss C．forget D．improve
4．A．profit B．expense C．growth D．satisfaction
5．A．prized B．abandoned C．awarded D．cared
6．A．remote B．high-end C．less-known D．neighboring
7．A．hate B．stop C．aim D．promise
8．A．peaceful B．convenient C．natural D．difficult
9．A．frequently B．annually C．precisely D．similarly
10．A．invitations B．seeds C．contracts D．funds
11．A．popularize B．check C．demonstrate D．learn
12．A．tasks B．experiments C．preparations D．promotions
13．A．efforts B．kindness C．generosity D．experiences
14．A．died out B．shown up C．sold out D．grown up
15．A．weight B．share C．demand D．price
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D
12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马来西亚的Mono Premium Melon Farm的农民们找到了合适的
养分和培育方法，成功种植出了日本甜瓜。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马来西亚Mono Premium Melon Farm的农民们发现了合适的养分和培育
方法，成功种植出了日本甜瓜，这是世界上最昂贵的水果之一。A. smallest最小的；B. costliest最昂贵的；
C. heaviest最重的；D. ugliest最丑的。根据下文“In Japan, the costly melons are sold just in storesas luxury products.”可知，这种甜瓜在日本作为奢侈品出售，价格昂贵。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一种方法是让工人们用软布擦拭甜瓜。A. methods方法；B. countries国
家；C. theories理论；D. stories故事。根据上文“Farmers at Malaysia’s Mono Premium Melon Farm have
discovered the right mix of nutrients and treatments”可知，农民们发现了合适的培育方法，这里是具体说明其
中一种方法。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民们相信这样做可以提高水果的味道。A. try尝试；B. miss错过；C.
forget忘记；D. improve提高，改善。根据上文“One of the involves workers rubbing the melons
with a soft cloth.”可知，工人们擦拭甜瓜这种行为，结合常理，应该是为了对甜瓜有好的影响，提高其品质。
故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还在植物周围播放古典音乐，人们认为这可以促进生长。A. profit利润；
B. expense费用；C. growth生长；D. satisfaction满意。根据上文“They also play classical music around the
plants”可知，播放音乐是对植物的一种培育措施，从对植物本身的影响来看，应该是促进生长。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自上世纪以来，日本的农民一直在种植这种水果，它因其美味和形状而备
受珍视。A. prized珍视；B. abandoned放弃；C. awarded授予；D. cared关心。根据下文“the costly melons
are sold just in stores as luxury products”可知，这种甜瓜很昂贵且作为奢侈品出售，说明它是被珍
视的。故选A。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在日本，这些昂贵的甜瓜只在高端商店作为奢侈品出售。A. remote遥远
的；B. high-end高端的；C. less-known不太知名的；D. neighboring邻近的。根据下文“as luxury products”
可知，这种甜瓜是奢侈品，所以应该在高端商店出售。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民们说他们的目标是种植出和在日本出售的甜瓜质量相同水平的甜瓜。
A. hate讨厌；B. stop停止；C. aim目标是；D. promise承诺。根据上文“Farmers at Malaysia’s Mono
Premium Melon Farm have discovered the right mix of nutrients and treatments to successfully grow Japanese
muskmelons,”可知，他们成功种植出了日本甜瓜，这里进一步说明他们对于种植甜瓜的目标。故选C。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是由于这个国家更炎热潮湿的气候，在马来西亚种植的过程更加困难。
A. peaceful和平的；B. convenient方便的；C. natural自然的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“because of the
country’s hotter and wetter climate”可知，马来西亚的气候条件和日本不同，对种植甜瓜不利。故选D。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我们必须确保营养和浇水非常持续且精确地进行，”位于吉隆坡南部布
城的农场联合创始人伊莱恩・周说。A. frequently频繁地；B. annually每年地；C. precisely精确地；D.
similarly相似地。上文提到种植过程困难，所以对于营养和浇水的控制需要很精准，才能种出好的甜瓜。
故选C。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：马来西亚的农民从日本获取他们的种子，并且还前往日本的农场学习正确
的种植方法。A. invitations邀请；B. seeds种子；C. contracts合同；D. funds资金。种植甜瓜首先需要种子，
根据下文“from Japan”以及后文学习种植方法可知，这里说的是获取种子。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马来西亚的农民从日本获取他们的种子，并且还前往日本的农场学习正确
的种植方法。A. popularize普及；B. check检查；C. demonstrate展示；D. learn学习。因为他们要种植出和
日本相同质量的甜瓜，所以去日本农场应该是学习种植方法。故选D。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：农民们说他们做了很多实验来找出最适合甜瓜植株的养分。A. tasks任务；
B. experiments实验；C. preparations准备；D. promotions促销。根据下文“to find out the best nutrition for
the muskmelon plants”可知，要找出最合适的养分，需要通过做实验来确定。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，农民们的努力得到了回报。A. efforts努力；B. kindness善良；
C. generosity慷慨；D. experiences经历。根据上文“The Malaysian farmers get their from Japan
and also travel to Japanese farms to the correct growing methods. The farmers say they have done a lot
of
to find out the best nutrition for the muskmelon plants.”可知，上文提到他们采取了各种措施，如获
取种子、学习方法、做实验等，这些都是他们的努力。故选A。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一批200个精选甜瓜很快以每公斤40美元的价格售罄。A. died out灭绝；
B. shown up出现；C. sold out售罄；D. grown up长大。根据上文“have paid off”以及下文“at 40 US dollars
per kilogram”可知，甜瓜有了好的销售成果，所以应该是售罄了。故选C。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个价格比日本的价格低大约三分之一。A. weight重量；B. share份额；
C. demand需求；D. price价格。根据上文“at 40 US dollars per kilogram”以及下文“is about one-third lower
than that in Japan”可知，这里比较的是价格。故选D。
9.（2025·湖南省“长望浏宁”四县联考高三下学期 3月调研考试）Arshad Nadeem, the gentle giant
from Lahore, Pakistan, created his inspirational life. On 9th, August in 2024, he won the hearts of his home nation
when he 1 a throw of 92.97 meters in front of a full house in Stade de France to 2 an Olympic gold
medal.
Born into a poor family, Nadeem’s childhood was far 3 from the charming world of sports. However,
4 had a different plan.
It was during his early years that Nadeem’s talent for javelin (标枪) throwing was 5 by his coach,
Rasheed Ahmad Saqi. With limited resources and training facilities, the path ahead was full of challenges. Yet,
Nadeem’s determination 6 unchanged. He 7 the hardships, transforming them into stepping stonestowards his 8 goal.
Nadeem’s 9 was anything but usual. Lacking 10 to world-class facilities, he often used
self-made equipment and practiced in open fields. He pushed his physical limits, tolerating tiring workouts 11
under the burning sun.
The monumental effort saw him become his country’s first Olympic gold medalist in 40 years and their first
ever track and field gold medalist on a 12 night for Pakistan.
Nadeem’s story will continue to 13 Pakistani athletes from generation to generation, leaving an
everlasting 14 on the nation’s sporting field. His story is an illustration of the power of human 15
and the unwavering pursuit of excellence.
1．A．made B．attempted C．displayed D．expected
2．A．grasp B．seize C．secure D．reach
3．A．banned B．protected C．removed D．exhausted
4．A．luck B．destiny C．injustice D．mercy
5．A．realized B．detected C．envied D．recognized
6．A．remained B．seemed C．became D．proved
7．A．turned to B．put out C．took on D．relied on
8．A．original B．ultimate C．temporary D．vital
9．A．living B．training C．learning D．winning
10．A．attachment B．entrance C．key D．access
11．A．constantly B．immediately C．occasionally D．casually
12．A．historic B．fantastic C．romantic D．magic
13．A．please B．inspire C．amuse D．interest
14．A．message B．impression C．mark D．signal
15．A．sense B．principle C．mind D．spirit
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．A
12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D
【解析】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在2024年巴黎奥运会上夺得男子标枪比赛金牌的巴基斯坦田
径运动员艾尔沙德·纳迪姆所取得的成绩和经历。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2024年8月9日，他在法兰西大球场当着全场观众的面掷出92.97米的成绩，
赢得了祖国的心，获得了奥运金牌。A. made制造、使成功；B. attempted尝试、试图；C. displayed陈列、展示；D. expected期待。根据句中“an Olympic gold medal”可知，艾尔沙德·纳迪姆在奥运会上获得了金牌，
应该是成功掷出了92.97米的成绩。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2024年8月9日，他在法兰西大球场当着全场观众的面掷出92.97米的成绩，
赢得了祖国的心，获得了奥运金牌。A. grasp抓牢、握紧；B. seize抓住；C. secure获得、确保；D. reach
到达。根据下文“The monumental effort saw him become his country’s first Olympic gold medalist in 40 years
and their first ever track and field gold medalist on a 12 night for Pakistan.(这一巨大的努力使他成为巴基斯
坦40年来的第一位奥运金牌得主，也是在巴基斯坦一个有历史意义的夜晚的第一个田径金牌得主。)”和本
句句意可知，纳迪姆在巴黎奥运会上投掷出了92.97米的成绩，获得了冠军。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：纳迪姆出生在一个贫穷的家庭，他的童年与迷人的体育世界相距甚远。A.
banned禁止；B. protected保护；C. removed移除；D. exhausted耗尽。根据句中“Born into a poor family”可
知，纳迪姆出生在一个贫穷的家庭，没有条件让他接触丰富的体育运动，所以他的童年与迷人的体育世界
应该是相差甚远的。be far removed from为固定搭配，意为“与……相差甚远”；故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，命运却另有安排。A. luck运气；B. destiny命运；C. injustice不公正；
D. mercy怜悯、宽恕。根据上句“Born into a poor family, Nadeem’s childhood was far 3 from the
charming world of sports.(纳迪姆出生在一个贫穷的家庭，他的童年与迷人的体育世界相距甚远。)”和下文
对他从事标枪运动，最终夺冠的描述可知，纳迪姆并没有按照出生时的命运那样发展，而是有了其它的安
排。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在纳迪姆早年的时候，他的教练拉希德·艾哈迈德·萨奇就发现了他投掷标枪
的天赋。A. realized意识到；B. detected侦查、检测；C. envied妒忌；D. recognized识别出、认出。根据句
中“talent”可知，是教练拉希德·艾哈迈德·萨奇在他早年识别出了他投标枪的天赋，从而使他走上了这条道
路。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，纳迪姆的决心没有改变。A. remained保持；B. seemed似乎、好像；
C. became变成、变得；D. proved证明。根据上句“With limited resources and training facilities, the path
ahead was full of challenges.(由于资源和训练设施有限，前方的道路充满了挑战。)”和本句中的“Yet”可知，
两句之间为转折关系，说明尽管前方的道路困难重重，但是纳迪姆的决心是保持不变的。故选A。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他接受了艰难困苦，把它们变成迈向最终目标的垫脚石。A. turned to求助
于；B. put out熄灭、发布；C. took on接受、承担；D. relied on依赖。根据上句“With limited resources and
training facilities, the path ahead was full of challenges. Yet, Nadeem’s determination 6 unchanged.(由于资
源和训练设施有限，前方的道路充满了挑战。然而，纳迪姆的决心没有改变。)”和句中“transforming them
into stepping stones towards his 8 goal.”可知，纳迪姆一直目标坚定，说明他面对艰难困苦没有退缩和逃避，而是接受了它们，同时把它们转变成迈向最终目标的垫脚石。故选C。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他接受了艰难困苦，把它们变成迈向最终目标的垫脚石。A. original最初
的；B. ultimate最终的；C. temporary暂时的；D. vital至关重要的。根据上文“Yet, Nadeem’s determination
6 unchanged.(然而，纳迪姆的决心没有改变。)”可知，纳迪姆接受艰难困苦，刻苦训练，可见他很坚定
地为了实现最终的目标而努力着。故选B。
9．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：纳迪姆的训练完全不同寻常。A. living生活；B. training训练；C. learning
学习；D. winning赢得。根据下文“Lacking 1 0 to world-class facilities, he often used self-made
equipment and practiced in open fields. He pushed his physical limits, tolerating tiring workouts 1 1 under the
burning sun.(由于无法接触到世界级的设备，他经常使用自制的设备，在野外练习。他不断挑战体能极限，
在烈日下忍受劳累的锻炼。)”可知，纳迪姆平时的训练是不同寻常的。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于无法接触到世界级的设备，他经常使用自制的设备，在野外练习。A.
attachment附件；B. entrance入口；C. key钥匙、关键；D. access获得的机会、使用权。根据句中“he often
used self-made equipment and practiced in open fields”可知，纳迪姆经常使用自制的设备在野外练习，说明他
缺少获得世界级设备的机会，只能自制设备来练习。故选D。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不断挑战体能极限，在烈日下忍受劳累的锻炼。A. constantly不断地；
B. immediately立刻、马上；C. occasionally偶尔；D. casually随意地。根据上文“Nadeem’s 9 was
anything but usual.(纳迪姆的训练完全不同寻常。)”可知，纳迪姆平时的训练非同寻常，极为艰苦，他应该
是经常性地、不断地来挑战自己体能的极限，在烈日下锻炼，以此提升体能。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一巨大的努力使他成为巴基斯坦40年来的第一位奥运金牌得主，也
是在巴基斯坦一个有历史意义的夜晚的第一个田径金牌得主。A. historic历史上重要的、有历史意义的；B.
fantastic极好的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. magic神奇的、有魔力的。根据句中“his country’s first Olympic
gold medalist in 40 years and their first ever track and field gold medalist”可知，纳迪姆在巴黎奥运上的一个晚
上为巴基斯坦赢得了第一枚奥运金牌，可见这是一个具有历史意义的夜晚。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：纳迪姆的故事将继续激励着一代又一代的巴基斯坦运动员，在这个国家的
体育场上留下永恒的印记。A. please使满意、使开心； B. inspire激励；C. amuse使发笑、娱乐；D.
interest使感兴趣。根据下句“His story is an illustration of the power of human 1 5 and the unwavering
pursuit of excellence.(他的故事说明了人类精神的力量和对卓越的不懈追求。)”可知，纳迪姆的故事阐明了
人类精神的力量和对卓越的不懈追求，应该是激励着一代又一代的巴基斯坦运动员去追求自己的目标。故
选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：纳迪姆的故事将继续激励着一代又一代的巴基斯坦运动员，在这个国家的体育场上留下永恒的印记。A. message信息；B. impression印象；C. mark印记；D. signal信号。根据上文
“The monumental effort saw him become his country’s first Olympic gold medalist in 40 years and their first ever
track and field gold medalist on a 1 2 night for Pakistan.(这一巨大的努力使他成为巴基斯坦40年来首
位奥运金牌得主，也是巴基斯坦在一个具有历史意义的夜晚获得的首枚田径金牌。)”可知，纳迪姆获得了
巴基斯坦的第一枚奥运金牌，在国家体育场上留下了永恒的印记。故选C。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的故事说明了人类精神的力量和对卓越的不懈追求。A. sense感觉、意
识；B. principle原则、原理；C. mind头脑、心思；D. spirit精神。根据上文“Yet, Nadeem’s determination
6 unchanged. He 7 the hardships, transforming them into stepping stones towards his 8 goal.(然而，
纳迪姆的决心没有改变。他接受了艰难困苦，把它们变成迈向最终目标的垫脚石。)”和句中“the
unwavering pursuit of excellence”以及文章对纳迪姆故事的叙述可知，纳迪姆是通过接受并克服重重困难和
对卓越的不懈追求这些精神的力量获得最终成功的。故选D。
10.（2025·山东省聊城第一中学高三下学期 2 月调研）Children and adults think differently about
animals. Take my grandson Ryland. One afternoon when he was 8, we played The Moral Machine Game. It was
1 by researchers at MIT to discover universal moral 2 . For example, players have to choose whether to
save a person at the 3 of a dog or a cat.
Over 40 million people from 233 nations and territories have played the 4 . The researchers found
that, worldwide, one of the strongest moral rules is “ 5 people over animals.” But Ryland almost always
sent the car 6 into a person to save the dog or cat. Is something wrong with him? Or do most 7
value the lives of animals over the lives of humans?
According to a recent study in psychology, the answer is yes. 245 kids between the ages of 5 and 9 and 224
adults 8 in the study. All of them were asked to imagine a situation in which two boats are 9 but
they can only save the people or animals in one of them. Each comparison had three 10 — save the people,
save the animals, or they could not decide. The differences between the decisions of the children and the adults
were 11 . In every comparison, the children were much more likely than adults to save dogs 12
humans.
The question is: Why? The researchers 13 two reasons: evolution and socialization (社会化). And I
personally think there is another reason: 5-year-old's 14 ability to think rationally (理性地). However, it
doesn't mean adults' way of valuing human life over animal lives is always morally 15 .
1．A．followed B．designed C．enjoyed D．criticized
2．A．skills B．promises C．dreams D．principles3．A．base B．witness C．expense D．appearance
4．A．role B．deal C．game D．trick
5．A．Spare B．Praise C．Push D．Bring
6．A．parking B．crashing C．fitting D．bending
7．A．kids B．pets C．people D．adults
8．A．observed B．investigated C．hesitated D．participated
9．A．sinking B．floating C．moving D．loading
10．A．decisions B．options C．ideas D．chances
11．A．striking B．confusing C．slight D．accurate
12．A．apart from B．rather than C．due to D．along with
13．A．questioned B．replied C．proposed D．imagined
14．A．limited B．absolute C．typical D．extra
15．A．unexpected B．acceptable C．sympathetic D．awkward
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．A
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章通过一个游戏和一项研究说明了儿童和成年人对待动物的态度不同。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是由麻省理工学院的研究人员设计的，旨在探寻普遍的道德准则。A.
followed跟随；B. designed设计；C. enjoyed喜欢，享受；D. criticized批评。主语It指代前文的“The
Moral Machine Game(道德机器游戏)”，根据空后“researchers at MIT”可知，研究人员是游戏的设计者，故
选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. skills技巧；B. promises承诺；C. dreams梦想；D. principles准则。
根据下文“players have to choose whether to save a person(玩家必须要决定是否拯救一个人)”可知，游戏是在
测试玩家做出的道德判断，进一步引申为道德标准或道德准则，故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，玩家必须选择是牺牲一只狗还是一只猫来拯救一个人。A. base基础；
B. witness证人，见证；C. expense费用，价钱；D. appearance外表。此处考查固定短语at the expense of，
意为“以……为代价”，故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：来自233个国家和地区的4000多万人玩了这个游戏。A. role角色；B. deal
交易；C. game游戏；D. trick诡计。根据空前的played和上文对游戏的介绍可知，此处讲的是有多少人玩
了这个游戏，故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，在世界范围内，最强烈的道德准则之一是“相对动物，优先救人”。A. Spare拯救；B. Praise表扬；C. Push推；D. Bring带来。根据空后的But以及“to save the dog
or cat”可知，下文是要拯救猫和狗，故空处所在句表达的应该是救人而不救动物，故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Ryland几乎总是让车撞到人身上来救狗或猫。A. parking停车；B.
crashing撞击；C. fitting适应；D. bending弯曲。根据“to save the dog or cat”可知，Ryland的选择是救动物
而不救人，因此他的选择是让车去撞人，故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是不是大部分儿童都会将动物的性命看得比人类的性命更重要？A. kids孩
子，儿童；B. pets宠物；C. people人们；D. adults成年人。根据前文的Ryland和文章开头的my grandson
Ryland可知，Ryland是一名儿童，下一段也继续在探讨儿童在游戏中的选择，故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：245名5至9岁的儿童和224名成年人参与了这项研究。A. observed观察；
B. investigated调查；C. hesitated犹豫；D. participated参加。根据“245 kids between the ages of 5 and 9 and
224 adults”可知，此处是说参加这项研究的对象，故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们所有人都被要求想象这样一种情况：两艘船正在下沉，但他们只能救
其中一艘船上的人或动物。A. sinking下沉；B. floating漂浮；C. moving移动；D. loading装载。根据下文
的save可知，两艘船正在下沉，令乘客处于危险之中，故选A。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次比较都有三种选择——拯救人类，拯救动物，或者他们无法决定。
A. decisions决定；B. options选择；C. ideas主意；D. chances机会。根据空后的“save the people, save the
animals, or they could not decide”可知，此处指参与者所面临的选择，故选B。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子和成年人的决定之间的差异是惊人的。A. striking惊人的；B.
confusing令人困惑的；C. slight轻微的；D. accurate精确的。根据下文的“In every comparison, the children
were much more likely than adults to save…”可知，孩子的决定和成年人的决定之间的差异是惊人的，故选
A。
12．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在每一次比较中，儿童都比成年人更有可能拯救狗而非人类。A. apart
from除了；B. rather than而不是；C. due to由于；D. along with随着。根据上文中提到的Ryland选择牺牲
人类去救猫狗和研究也证实了这种倾向可推知，参加研究的儿童都更愿意救狗儿非人类，故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究者提出了两个原因：进化和社会化。A. questioned质询，怀疑；B.
replied回答；C. proposed提出（解释）；D. imagined想象。根据语境及及句意可知，动词proposed与主语
researchers、宾语two reasons搭配最合适，故选C。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我个人认为还有另外一个原因：5岁的孩子的理性思考能力有限。A.
limited有限的；B. absolute绝对的；C. typical典型的；D. extra额外的。结合上文提到儿童更愿意救动物可
知，作者认为儿童的理性思考能力有限，故选A。15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不意味着成年人重视人类生命而非动物生命的倾向在道德上
总是可以接受的。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. sympathetic同情的；D. awkward
令人尴尬的。上文分析了儿童救动物而不救人的原因，本句表示转折，所以此处表达的是虽然儿童选择救
动物，但这并不意味着成年人做得更加正确，即这并不意味着成年人的选择在道德上是可以接受的，故选
B。
考向 2 议论文
1.（2025·江苏省高邮市高三下学期第一次联考）
Embrace Your Life with Courage
If it is possible to know the life you will be confronted with in advance, will you still have the courage to
embrace it? What you’ve seen and heard often 1 you. In fact, the worldly world is so 2 that
even the thought of making a difference seems 3 . But, if you were given the chance to know your life
lying ahead, knowing that youth is just these days but nothing more than that, will you still 4 about the
things that this worldly world expects you to do?
Like one’s glory depends on how much he or she 5 . Like one must own something in order to be
6 . When you grow up one day, you’ll feel the joy of the green sprout (新芽). You’ll 7 for the rising
sun. You will also bring kindness and warmth to others. However, while giving your praise to others, you always
forget how 8 you are.
May you remember your preciousness to 9 malice (恶意) during hard times. May you have
endless faith in your preciousness when you 10 your way. Love what you love, do what you want to
do, and listen to your own heart. Embrace your life with courage and 11 , knowing that your worth is
not 12 by what you possess, but by who you are. And in the end, you will find it is your 13
that light up the world. So stay true to yourself and 14 the journey, because it is in the smallest
moments that we will find the greatest 15 .
1．A．inspires B．discourages C．surprises D．delights
2．A．solid B．exciting C．fascinating D．challenging
3．A．possible B．easy C．impossible D．difficult
4．A．hesitate B．hear C．care D．think
5．A．possesses B．appreciates C．desires D．anticipates
6．A．noticed B．respected C．loved D．praised
7．A．wait B．cheer C．chase D．look8．A．valuable B．courageous C．worthless D．special
9．A．ignore B．accept C．approach D．resist
10．A．find B．lose C．make D．take
11．A．confidence B．sympathy C．enthusiasm D．perseverance
12．A．influenced B．accomplished C．determined D．meant
13．A．kindness B．generosity C．authenticity D．honesty
14．A．complete B．embrace C．admire D．start
15．A．faith B．success C．achievement D．joy
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A
12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了要勇敢地拥抱生活，坚守自我，生活的价值在于真实的自己，而
非所拥有的东西。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你所见所闻常常使你气馁。A. inspires鼓舞；B. discourages使气馁；C.
surprises使惊讶；D. delights使高兴。上文“If it is possible to know the life you will be confronted with in
advance, will you still have the courage to embrace it?”提出问题“如果提前知道生活的困难，是否仍有勇气面
对”，下文提到“现实世界充满挑战”，所以你的所见所闻会使你气馁，故选B项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这个世界是如此坚不可摧，以至于哪怕是产生想要做出改变的
想法似乎都是不可能的。A. solid坚实的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. fascinating迷人的；D. challenging有
挑战性的。根据下文“But, if you were given the chance to know your life lying ahead”可知下文说的是“但如
果有机会让你提前知晓你的人生轨迹呢？”，可知此处假设了一种情况：有机会让你提前知晓你的人生轨
迹，可推理出此处表达的是你的人生轨迹无法提前知晓，所以世界是坚实的，故选A项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同第2题。A. possible可能的；B. easy容易的；C. impossible不可能的；
D. difficult困难的。根据上文“the thought of making a difference”以及下文“But, if you were given the chance
to know your life lying ahead”可知上文提到了做出改变的想法，下文提到了一种假设的情况：有机会让你提
前知晓你的人生轨迹，可推理出此处说的是产生想要做出改变的想法似乎都是不可能的，故选C项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果你有机会提前知道你的人生，知道青春就只是这些日子，再无
其他，你还会在意这个世俗世界期望你做的事情吗？A. hesitate犹豫；B. hear听到；C. care在意；D. think
思考。根据下文“the things that this worldly world expects you to do”可知，在你知道青春就这么点时间后，
你是否还会在意这个世俗世界期望你做的事情，故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像一个人的荣耀取决于他或她拥有多少。A. possesses拥有；B.appreciates欣赏；C. desires渴望；D. anticipates预期。根据下文“one must own something”可知，世俗认为
“荣耀取决于拥有多少”，故选A项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像一个人必须拥有一些东西才能被爱。A. noticed注意到；B. respected尊
重；C. loved爱；D. praised表扬。根据上文“Like one’s glory depends on how much he or she...(就像一个人
的荣耀取决于他或她拥有多少)”，再结合下文“When you grow up one day, you’ll feel the joy of the green
sprout (新芽). (当你长大的一天，你会感受到绿芽的快乐)”可知这里讲的是一种幸福快乐的情绪，该句呼应
上下文讲世俗的观点认为一个人必须拥有一些东西才能被爱，故选C项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你会为初升的太阳欢呼。A. wait等待；B. cheer欢呼；C. chase追逐；D.
look看。根据下文“for the rising sun”可知下文提到了初升的太阳，可推理出此处说的是为初升的太阳欢呼，
故选B项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在赞美别人的时候，你总是忘记自己是多么有价值。A. valuable有
价值的；B. courageous勇敢的；C. worthless无价值的；D. special特别的。根据上文“while giving your
praise to others”中while表对比以及“you always forget”可知，你赞美别人时，会忘记自己的价值，呼应下
文“May you remember your preciousness (愿你记住自己的珍贵)”，故选A项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：愿你在艰难时刻记住自己的珍贵，抵御恶意。A. ignore忽视；B. accept接
受；C. approach接近；D. resist抵御。根据下文“malice during hard times”可知下文提到了艰难时刻的恶意，
可推理出是要抵御恶意，与上文“May you remember your preciousness”形成对比，故选D项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你迷失方向时，愿你对自己的珍贵有无限的信念。A. find找到；B. lose
失去；C. make制作；D. take带走。根据上文“May you have endless faith in your preciousness”以及“your
way”可知上文说的是“愿你对自己的珍贵有无限的信念”，下文提到了你的路，可推理出此处说的是当你
迷失方向的时候，故选B项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：勇敢而自信地拥抱你的生活，要知道你的价值不是由你所拥有的东西决定
的，而是由你是谁决定的。A. confidence自信；B. sympathy同情；C. enthusiasm热情；D. perseverance毅
力。根据上文“Embrace your life with courage”可知上文提到了勇敢地拥抱你的生活，此处需要填一个名词
与上文“courage(勇气)”并列，分析选项，A项“confidence自信”表达的含义符合语境，表示勇敢且自信
地生活，故选A项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同第11题。A. influenced影响；B. accomplished完成；C. determined决定；
D. meant意味着。根据下文“by what you possess, but by who you are”可知下文说的是你所拥有的东西，还
提到了你是谁，可推理出此处说的是你的价值不是由你所拥有的东西决定的，而是由你是谁决定的，故选
C项。13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，你会发现是你的善良照亮了世界。A. kindness善良；B. generosity
慷慨；C. authenticity真实性；D. honesty诚实。根据上文“You will also bring kindness and warmth to
others.”以及下文“light up the world”可知上文提到了你给别人带来善良和温暖，下文提到了照亮了世界，
可推理出此处说的是你的善良照亮了世界，故选A项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，做真实的自己，拥抱旅程，因为在最微小的时刻我们会找到最大的
快乐。A. complete完成；B. embrace拥抱；C. admire钦佩；D. start开始。根据上文“Embrace your life with
courage”可知上文提到了勇敢地拥抱你的生活，可推理出这里是说拥抱旅程，故选B项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第14题。A. faith信念；B. success成功；C. achievement成就；D. joy快
乐。根据上文“You’ll feel the joy of the green sprout (新芽))”以及“it is in the smallest moments that we will
find the greatest”可知上文提到了你会感受到绿芽的喜悦，可推理出此处说的是在微小的时刻能找到最大的
快乐，故选D项。
2.（2025·河南部分高中青桐鸣大联考高三下学期开学）
At a recent holiday gathering, I sat behind a row of parents watching dozens of 9-year-olds in ties and
beautiful dresses singing Sleigh Ride. Each of the parents had a 1 in hand, carefully and seriously
recording the 2 . They were working so hard to ensure they didn’t 3 anything — and yet I
worried that they were, in fact, missing out.
Childhood is 4 . This performance or soccer game will never come again. So I understand the
5 to capture (捕捉) everything.
Parents have long sought ways to 6 time as their kids grow, starting with baby books containing
footprints and locks of hair. We 7 report cards, Halloween poems, and gold-starred spelling tests. And of
course we have taken photos and videos.
Yet the more I see parents 8 reaching for their phones, the more I come to believe that when we
turn our kids into the subjects of our personal documentaries, we 9 losing an opportunity to really
10 our children.
So the next time you’re at a game or birthday party, try this: take a few photos at the beginning, then put
your phone away. Keep your eyes on your 11 , who will be looking for you. Wait for them to 12
you in the audience. Maybe they’ll light up. Maybe they’ll cover their face in 13 . Either way, this is the
14 moment: the minute they will know that you really 15 them.
1．A．notebook B．camera C．phone D．computer
2．A．issue B．event C．view D．story3．A．forget B．ignore C．leave D．miss
4．A．boring B．lonely C．tough D．short
5．A．power B．ability C．urge D．chance
6．A．stop B．freeze C．spend D．waste
7．A．save B．fill C．take D．write
8．A．dramatically B．automatically C．rarely D．patiently
9．A．risk B．appreciate C．avoid D．mind
10．A．connect with B．take control of C．contribute to D．get rid of
11．A．friend B．teacher C．partner D．child
12．A．pick B．hear C．follow D．spot
13．A．embarrassmentB．pride C．anger D．excitement
14．A．brief B．meaningful C．quiet D．historic
15．A．respect B．judge C．see D．criticize
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．D
12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C
【解析】本文是议论文。文章通过描述在节日聚会上观察到父母们用手机记录孩子表演的现象，引出了关
于父母如何与孩子真正建立联系的讨论。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个家长手里都拿着手机，仔细认真地记录着这一活动。A. notebook笔记
本；B. camera相机；C. phone手机；D. computer电脑。根据后文“So the next time you’re at a game or
birthday party, try this: take a few photos at the beginning, then put your phone away.”可知，每个家长手里拿着
手机在记录。故选C项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个家长手里都拿着手机，仔细认真地记录着这一活动。A. issue问题；B.
event活动；C. view观点；D. story故事。根据前文“At a recent holiday gathering, I sat behind a row of
parents watching dozens of 9-year-olds in ties and beautiful dresses singing Sleigh Ride.”可知，是孩子们打着领
带，穿着漂亮的裙子唱着Sleigh Ride，这是一个活动。故选B项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们非常努力地记录，以确保他们没有错过任何东西——然而我担心他们
实际上错过了什么。A. forget忘记；B. ignore忽视；C. leave离开；D. miss错过。根据后文“and yet I
worried that they were, in fact, missing out”可知，作者担心实际上他们错过了什么，和空处为转折关系，所
以此处是确保他们没有错过任何东西。故选D项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：童年是短暂的。A. boring无聊的；B. lonely孤独的；C. tough艰难的；D.short短暂的。根据后文“This performance or soccer game will never come again.”可知，这种表演或足球比赛
不会再来了，因为童年是短暂的。故选D项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我理解那种想要捕捉一切的冲动。A. power力量；B. ability能力；C.
urge冲动；D. chance机会。根据前文“Childhood is .”可知，孩子童年短暂，所以父母有想
要捕捉一切的冲动。故选C项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，父母们一直在寻找让孩子成长的时间凝固的方法，从包含脚印
和头发的婴儿书籍开始。A. stop停止；B. freeze冻结；C. spend花费；D. waste浪费。根据后文“starting
with baby books containing footprints and locks of hair. We report cards, Halloween poems, and
gold-starred spelling tests. And of course we have taken photos and videos.”可知，这些都是各个童年时刻留下
的纪念，目的是希望让孩子成长的时间凝固。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们保存成绩单、万圣节诗歌和金星拼写测试。A. save保存；B. fill填充；
C. take拿走；D. write写。根据前文“starting with baby books containing footprints and locks of hair.”可知，
此处是描述父母留下孩子各个时期的物品，所以应是保存成绩单、万圣节诗歌和金星拼写测试。故选A项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我越是看到父母下意识地拿起手机，我就越相信，当我们把孩子变
成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。A. dramatically戏剧性地；B.
automatically自动地；C. rarely很少；D. patiently耐心地。根据后文“reaching for their phones”结合前文内
容和选项可知，父母总是下意识地拿起手机去纪录孩子。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我越是看到父母下意识地拿起手机，我就越相信，当我们把孩子变
成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。A. risk冒险；B. appreciate欣赏；C.
avoid避免；D. mind介意。根据前文“and yet I worried that they were, in fact, missing out”可知，作者担心当
我们把孩子变成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。故选A项。
10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，我越是看到父母下意识地拿起手机，我就越相信，当我们把孩子变
成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。A. connect with与……联系；B.
take control of控制；C. contribute to贡献；D. get rid of摆脱。根据前文“and yet I worried that they were, in
fact, missing out”可知，作者担心当我们把孩子变成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正
联系的机会。故选A项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：留意你的孩子，他会找你的。A. friend朋友；B. teacher老师；C. partner伙
伴；D. child孩子。根据前文“So the next time you’re at a game or birthday party, try this: take a few photos at
the beginning, then put your phone away.”可知，应是孩子们的比赛和生日聚会，所以留意您的孩子。故选D
项。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：等着他们在观众中认出你来。A. pick挑选；B. hear听到；C. follow跟随；
D. spot发现。根据前文“who will be looking for you.”可知，孩子会寻找父母，所以是等着他们在观众中认
出你来。故选D项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许他们会尴尬地捂着脸。A. embarrassment尴尬；B. pride自豪；C. anger
愤怒；D. excitement兴奋。根据前文“Maybe they’ll cover their face”可知，孩子捂着脸，应是感到害羞尴尬。
故选A项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，这都是有意义的时刻：他们会知道你真的在看他们。A. brief
简短的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. quiet安静的；D. historic历史性的。根据后文“the minute they will
know that you really
them.”可知，孩子们知道你是在看他们，这应是有意义的时刻。故选B项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，这都是有意义的时刻：他们会知道你真的在看他们。A. respect
尊重；B. judge判断；C. see看见；D. criticize批评。根据前文“Keep your eyes on your ”可知，
应是看孩子们。故选C项。
3.（2025·江苏南通·期中）Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. 1 still is the
thought of an entire generation operating from a position of historical ignorance. And yet that is exactly the 2
in which we find ourselves today.
The people and events of history may be 3 in the past, but how we talk about those things, what
we write about them, and how we 4 them tell us a lot about who we are and what we 5
right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an unwritten history book is likely to force deep 6 .
Whose stories will we champion? What values will we defend? What models will we offer ensuing (随后的)
generations? No other subject helps us to understand so 7 what it is to be human.
But the 8 isn’t entirely surprising given the downgraded status of history in most schools.
History is 9 its place in the curriculum with geography, but its attention to time, place and context is
what makes it really 10 . In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens. It
11 us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to 12 it
accurately.
Clearly, in an age of “fake news”, we need to be 13 thinkers. There is no better subject than
history to develop a(n) 14 of context and an ability to examine evidence. Just as we anticipate a math
curriculum that systematically builds on blocks of knowledge, we should also 15 a logical history
curriculum for our children.1．A．Funnier B．Scarier C．Rarer D．Harder
2．A．situation B．atmosphere C．relationship D．experience
3．A．transformed B．rooted C．understood D．absorbed
4．A．compose B．design C．teach D．record
5．A．abandon B．possess C．witness D．value
6．A．self-awareness B．self-control C．self-reflection D．self-management
7．A．comprehensively B．instantly C．readily D．independently
8．A．argument B．comment C．conclusion D．ignorance
9．A．getting back B．fighting for C．holding onto D．putting aside
10．A．precise B．convincing C．distinct D．boring
11．A．equips B．connects C．motivates D．impresses
12．A．develop B．control C．analyze D．show
13．A．leading B．critical C．modern D．optimistic
14．A．appreciation B．evaluation C．vision D．belief
15．A．admit B．identify C．follow D．expect
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A
12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了历史教育的重要性，呼吁加强历史课程以培养批判性思维和
理解能力。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想到整个一代人对历史无知是更让人害怕的事。A. Funnier更滑稽的；B.
Scarier更令人害怕的；C. Rarer更罕见的；D. Harder更困难的。根据上文“Imagining a human being without
historical sense is scary.(想象一个人没有历史感让人害怕)”可知，整个一代人都对历史无知会更加让人害怕。
故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这正是我们今天所处的状况。A. situation情况；B. atmosphere气氛；
C. relationship关系；D. experience经验。根据空前“And yet that is exactly the”所描述内容可以推断出，这
正是我们当前所面临的状况。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情、我们写
什么以及我们如何教授它们告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么的信息。A. transformed改变；
B. rooted根植；C. understood理解；D. absorbed吸收。根据空后“in the past”以及“The people and events of
history”与“in the past”之间关系可知，此处指历史人物和事件是根植于过去。故选B。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情、我们写
什么以及我们如何教授它们告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么的信息。A. compose创作；
B. design设计；C. teach教授；D. record记录。分析句子可知，此处是并列的三个主语从句，上文“talk”和
“write”，这里用“教授”更符合语境。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情、我们写
什么以及我们如何教授它们告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么的信息。A. abandon抛弃；
B. possess拥有；C. witness见证；D. value重视。根据句意“what we 5 right now”更符合我们当前所看重
的是什么,所以故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：把我们自己看作是一本未写历史书中的一章，很可能会引发深刻的自我反
思。A. self-awareness自我意识；B. self-control自我控制；C. self-reflection自我反思；D. self-management
自我管理。根据句意以及上文“Thinking of ourselves”文中的深刻指的更加强调反思，故选C。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有任何其它学科能比历史更全面地帮助我们了解什么是做人。A.
comprehensively全面地；B. instantly立即；C. readily容易地；D. independently独立地。分析句子可知，空
处需要副词修饰前文的understand，这里指比历史全面的没有。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这种无知并不完全令人感到意外，因为在大多数学校中，历史课程的地
位被降级了。A. argument争论；B. comment评论；C. conclusion结论；D. ignorance无知。根据上文
“historical ignorance”可知，指人们对于历史的无知。故选D。
9．考查动词词组辨析。句意：历史正在为其在课程中的位置与地理课争夺，但历史关注时间，地点和背
景这点正是使其与众不同的原因。A. getting back回来；B. fighting for争斗；C. holding onto紧握；D.
putting aside放一边。根据下文“its place”可知，历史为其在课程中的位置而争斗。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：历史正在为其在课程中的位置与地理课争夺，但历史关注时间，地点和
背景这点正是使其与众不同的原因。A. precise精确的；B. convincing令人信服的；C. distinct明显的，独特
的；D. boring乏味的。根据上文“its attention to time, place and context”可知，此处指的是历史课程相对于
其他课程是独特的。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它使我们拥有理解清楚世界所需的知识，以及准确分析它的能力。A.
equips装备；B. connects连接；C. motivates激励；D. impresses打动。根根据上文“tell us how to be good
citizens”以及下文“us with the knowledg”可知，历史课程是用来给予我们知识和能力，用equips最适合。
故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它使我们拥有理解清楚世界所需的知识，以及准确分析它的能力。A.
develop发展；B. control控制；C. analyze分析；D. show展示。根据前文“comprehend our world clearly”可知，指出这里的是准确分析世界。故选C。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，在“假新闻”时代，我们需要批判性思维者。A. leading领先的；
B. critical批判的，苛刻的；C. modern现代的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据句意指出新闻谣言中需要批判性
思维者。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有任何学科能像历史这样培养对背景的鉴赏能力和寻找证据的能力了。
A. appreciation欣赏；B. evaluation评价，评估；C. vision视野，远见；D. belief信仰。根据上文“critical
thinkers”以及下文“examine evidence”可知，指出这里表示对背景的鉴赏。故选A。
15．考查动词词组辨析。句意：就像我们期望数学课程系统地建立在知识块的基础上一样，我们也应该期
待为我们的孩子制定一个合乎逻辑的历史课程。A. admit承认；B. identify鉴定，确定；C. follow跟随；D.
expect期待。根据上文“anticipate a math curriculum”可知，空处指要期待合乎逻辑的历史课程。故选D。
说明文和议论文创新练
1.We have been educated that we have a short life, so we’d better 1 as many things as possible by
pushing, or even forcing ourselves to a tight schedule. Then, we could lead a fulfilling life.
However, sometimes, the more productive we are, the more 2 we might be. Be 3 about
a phenomenon called the “productivity trap”. Believe it or not, we would do far better to 4 if we are to
make the most of our life.
Surprisingly, 5 brings anxiety. Consider a basic goal, such as improving your email response. You
might think you would be 6 with nothing in your inbox, and reply to each message the moment it comes
in. But each email you send brings further 7 and more work to complete. 8 , the messages pile
up again.
Psychologists suggest trying “have done list”, the 9 of the “to do list”. Instead of starting out
10 each morning, “have done list” fills up with tasks you completed yesterday. It gives you a greater sense of
11 by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to 12 .Avoiding the productivity trap does not mean 13 tasks on purpose or working less efficiently.
Instead, it’s about finding a balance between personal efficiency and 14 . It means planning tasks
carefully and setting realistic goals, while also giving yourself enough time to 15 after working hard.
1．A．pack B．donate C．believe D．enjoy
2．A．nervous B．stressed C．happy D．successful
3．A．sorry B．cautious C．hopeful D．angry
4．A．cheer up B．go back C．break away D．slow down
5．A．capability B．flexibility C．accuracy D．efficiency
6．A．relieved B．inspired C．bored D．impressed
7．A．goals B．surprises C．replies D．improvements
8．A．Initially B．Ultimately C．Similarly D．Additionally
9．A．future B．outcome C．core D．opposite
10．A．empty B．sleepy C．delightful D．grateful
11．A．timing B．belonging C．commitment D．achievement
12．A．finish B．discover C．assess D．list
13．A．undervaluing B．delaying C．prioritizing D．tracking
14．A．task-expectation B．well-being C．self-achievementD．time-
management
15．A．create B．plan C．relax D．reflect
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．D
12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“生产力陷阱”这一概念，并指出避免陷入该陷阱的方法，
即找到个人效率与幸福感之间的平衡，合理规划任务，设定现实目标，并给自己留出放松的时间。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们被教育我们的寿命很短，所以我们最好通过鞭策甚至强迫自己在一个
紧凑的时间表上塞进尽可能多的事情。A. pack打包，塞进，挤进；B. donate捐赠；C. believe相信；D.
enjoy享受。根据上文“We have been educated that we have a short life”以及后文“as many things as possible
by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule”可知，此处指通过鞭策、甚至强迫自己按照紧凑的时
间表来尽可能多地做事，即把自己的时间安排得满满当当，塞入尽可能多的事情。故选A项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，有时，我们越富有成效，我们可能就越有压力。A. nervous紧张的；
B. stressed有压力的；C. happy快乐的；D. successful成功的。根据前文“pushing, or even forcing, ourselvesto a tight schedule”以及“sometimes, the more productive we are”可知，把自己逼到一个紧张的日程上，做的
事情越多，越富有成效，但是压力也会更大。故选B项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一种叫做“生产力陷阱”的现象要谨慎。A. sorry遗憾的；B. cautious
谨慎的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. angry生气的。根据后文“about a phenomenon called the “productivity
trap””可知，作者认为“生产力陷阱”是一个需要谨慎对待的现象。故选B项。
4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：信不信由你，如果我们想要充分利用我们的生命，放慢速度会做得更
好。A. cheer up振作起来；B. go back回去；C. break away挣脱，脱离；D. slow down放慢速度。根据前文
“we’d better ____ as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule.”以及
“the “productivity trap””可知，此处是说与之相反的做法，即要放慢速度我们会做得更好。故选D项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，效率会带来焦虑。A. capability能力；B. flexibility灵活性；
C. accuracy准确性；D. efficiency效率。根据前文“we’d better ________ as many things as possible by
pushing, or even forcing ourselves to a tight schedule. Then, we could lead a fulfilling life. However, sometimes,
the more productive we are, the more ________ we might be.”以及“a phenomenon called the “productivity trap””
可知，前文一直在说的追求高效却陷入陷阱等内容，此处强调效率高不一定都是好的，会引发焦虑。故选
D项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能会觉得，收件箱里没有东西会让你如释重负，邮件一来就回复。
A. relieved放松的，如释重负的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. bored无聊的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据
后文“with nothing in your inbox”以及“reply to each message the moment it comes in”可知，收件箱里没有东
西，会让人觉得很放松、如释重负。故选A项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但你发送的每一封邮件都会带来进一步的回复和更多要完成的工作。A.
goals目标；B. surprises惊喜；C. replies回复；D. improvements改进。根据前文“reply to each message the
moment it comes in”、后文“and more work to complete”及常识可知，回邮件会带来进一步的回复，以及更
多要完成的工作。故选C项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，信息又会堆积起来。A. Initially最初；B. Ultimately最终；C.
Similarly相似地；D. Additionally另外。根据前文“But each email you send brings further replies and more
work to complete”及后文“the messages pile up again”可知，回复邮件，会带来进一步的回复以及更多要完
成的工作，最终邮件又会堆积起来。故选B项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家建议尝试“已做清单”，它是“待办事项清单”的对立面。A.
future未来；B. outcome结果；C. core核心；D. opposite对立面，相反的人或事物。根据前文
“Psychologists suggest trying “have done list””及后文“of the “to do list””可知，心理学家建议尝试“已做清单”，它与“待办事项清单”是相反的概念。故选D项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与每天早上都空着手开始不同，“已做清单”会填满你昨天完成的任务。
A. empty空的；B. sleepy困倦的；C. delightful令人愉快的；D. grateful感激的。根据后文“each morning,
“have done list” fills up with tasks you completed yesterday”可知，与写满昨天你所完成任务的“已做清单”
相对比，早上的“待办事项清单”空空如也，等待填写要做的事。故选A项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它通过记录你的工作量，而不是强调你尚未完成的事情，给了你更大的成
就感。A. timing定时，时机的选择；B. belonging所属；C. commitment承诺；D. achievement成就。根据上
文“Psychologists suggest trying “have done list””以及后文“by recording your workload rather than stressing
things you have yet to”可知，此处指尝试“任务清单”记录工作量，而不是强调未完成的事情，会有更大的
成就感。故选D项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它通过记录你的工作量，而不是强调你尚未完成的事情，给了你更大的成
就感。A. finish完成；B. discover发现；C. assess评估；D. list列出。根据前文“Psychologists suggest trying
“have done list””以及“by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to”可知，此处指记
录自己的工作量而不是强调“尚未完成的事情”。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：避免陷入效率陷阱并不意味着故意拖延任务或工作效率低下。A.
undervaluing低估；B. delaying拖延；C. prioritizing优先处理；D. tracking追踪。根据后文“or working less
efficiently”可知，此处是说避免生产力陷阱并不意味着要做的负面行为，即故意拖延任务或工作效率低下。
故选B项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，它关乎在个人效率和幸福感之间找到平衡。A. task-expectation任务
期望；B. well-being幸福，健康；C. self-achievement自我实现；D. time-management时间管理。根据前文
“Avoiding the productivity trap does not mean delaying tasks on purpose or working less efficiently”及后文“It
means planning tasks carefully and setting realistic goals”可知，避免效率陷阱不是拖延任务或工作效率低下，
而是仔细规划任务，设定现实的目标，这是在个人效率和幸福感之间找到平衡。故选B项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着仔细规划任务，设定现实的目标，同时也给自己足够的时间在努
力工作后放松。A. create创造；B. plan计划；C. relax放松；D. reflect反思。根据前文“setting realistic
goals”及后文“after working hard”可知，工作后需要放松，体现合理安排中给自己留出放松时间。故选C。
2.What price does the planet pay for a pair of jeans? It’s a question that Estonian designer Reet Aus set off to
find a 1 .
“I’m a fashion designer who loves my job,” Aus said. “But I’m 2 that we’re overproducing.” Fast
fashion refers to 3 , trendy clothing, and it’s the way of an industry that always has a new collection for eachseason.
Fast fashion has increased clothing purchases by 400% in 20 years, with many clothes 4 in
landfills(填理场)where they don’t decompose. Aus visited Bangladesh to see the fabric waste and 5 found
tons of materials being thrown away without recycling processes. She also 6 that making one pair of jeans
uses 10 cubic meters of water and 7 chemicals that stay in the final product, affecting both the environment
and human health.
Aus believes consumers have the power to force 8 by demanding quality, long-lasting clothes that
9 workers and the environment. Due to 10 the challenge, she decided to make a 1 1 by
upcycling, turning old materials into new, unique clothing. Her upcycled T-shirt project with a major manufacturer
was successful, 12 90% less water and energy than traditional production.
While upcycled clothing can be more expensive, Aus emphasizes 1 3 our possessions and the
impact of our consumption. She is 1 4 to making small changes in the industry and 1 5 others
to do the same.232
1．A．threat B．secret C．reply D．solution
2．A．ashamed B．curious C．anxious D．excited
3．A．handmade B．cheap C．traditional D．costly
4．A．taking up B．mixing up C．ending up D．dressing up
5．A．shockingly B．occasionally C．cautiously D．frequently
6．A．ignored B．learned C．predicted D．questioned
7．A．essential B．natural C．common D．dangerous
8．A．design B．alarm C．change D．intention
9．A．respect B．affect C．preserve D．promote
10．A．overlooking B．denying C．avoiding D．recognizing
11．A．living B．plan C．difference D．profit
12．A．recovering B．consuming C．saving D．protecting
13．A．valuing B．replacing C．storing D．donating
14．A．addicted B．exposed C．opposed D．committed
15．A．encourages B．orders C．allows D．forces
【答案】
1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C
12．B 13．A 14．D 15．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过设计师Reet Aus的视角，揭示了快时尚产业对环境造成的巨大负担，
并介绍了她通过升级改造旧衣物来减少资源浪费和环境污染的努力，倡导消费者选择质量高、耐用的衣物，
共同推动时尚产业的可持续发展。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是爱沙尼亚设计师Reet Aus着手寻找解决方案的问题。A. threat威胁；B.
secret秘密；C. reply回复；D. solution解决方案。根据上文文“What price does the planet pay for a pair of
jeans?”及后文Aus对快时尚产业环境影响的调查和行动可知，她是在寻找这个问题的解决方案。故选D。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我很担心我们生产过剩。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. curious好奇的；C.
anxious焦虑的，担心的；D. excited兴奋的。根据下文“Fast fashion has increased clothing purchases by
400% in 20 years”可知，快时尚产业在20年内使服装购买量增加了400%，所以Aus担心生产过剩。故选
C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：快时尚指的是便宜、时髦的服装，这是一个每个季节都有新系列的行业
方式。A. handmade手工制作的；B. cheap便宜的；C. traditional传统的；D. costly昂贵的。根据常识和语
境可知，快时尚产业以快速更新、价格低廉为特点。故选B。
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：快时尚在20年内使服装购买量增加了400%，许多衣物最终被扔进了垃圾
填埋场，在那里它们不会分解。A. taking up占据；B. mixing up混淆；C. ending up最终；D. dressing up打
扮。根据下文“in landfills where they don’t decompose”可知，许多衣物最终被扔进了垃圾填埋场。故选C。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Aus访问了孟加拉国，看到了织物废料，并震惊地发现成吨的材料在没有回
收过程的情况下被扔掉。A. shockingly令人震惊地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. cautiously谨慎地；D.
frequently频繁地。根据下文“found tons of materials being thrown away without recycling processes”可知，
Aus对成吨的材料在没有回收过程的情况下被扔掉感到震惊。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还了解到，制作一条牛仔裤需要10立方米的水，并且化学品残留在最终
产品中，影响环境和人类健康。A. ignored忽略；B. learned了解到；C. predicted预测；D. questioned质疑。
根据下文“that making one pair of jeans uses 10 cubic meters of water”可知，这是Aus了解到的事实。故选
B。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她还了解到，制作一条牛仔裤需要10立方米的水，并且危险的化学品残
留在最终产品中，影响环境和人类健康。A. essential必要的；B. natural自然的；C. common常见的；D.
dangerous危险的。根据下文“affecting both the environment and human health”可知，化学品残留在衣物中
对环境和人类健康有害，说明这些化学品是危险的。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Aus认为消费者有能力通过要求质量高、耐用的衣物来推动改变，这些衣物
尊重工人和环境。A. design设计；B. alarm警报；C. change改变；D. intention意图。根据下文“bydemanding quality, long-lasting clothes”可知，Aus认为消费者可以通过要求质量高、耐用的衣物来推动时尚
产业的改变。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Aus认为消费者有能力通过要求质量高、耐用的衣物来推动改变，这些衣物
尊重工人和环境。A. respect尊重；B. affect影响；C. preserve保存；D. promote促进。根据下文“workers
and the environment”可知，Aus倡导的是尊重工人和环境的衣物生产方式。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于认识到这一挑战，她决定通过升级改造来做出改变，将旧材料变成新
的、独特的衣物。A. overlooking忽视；B. denying否认；C. avoiding避免；D. recognizing认识到。根据下
文“the challenge”及上文对快时尚产业环境影响的描述可知，Aus认识到了这一挑战。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于认识到这一挑战，她决定通过升级改造来做出改变，将旧材料变成新
的、独特的衣物。A. living生活；B. plan计划；C. difference不同；D. profit利润。根据下文“by upcycling,
turning old materials into new, unique clothing”可知，Aus通过升级改造旧衣物来做出改变，make a difference
表示“有影响，做出改变”。故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她与一家大型制造商合作的升级改造T恤项目非常成功，比传统生产方式
消耗的水和能源少了90%。A. recovering恢复；B. consuming消耗；C. saving节省；D. protecting保护。根
据下文“90% less water and energy than traditional production”可知，升级改造T恤项目比传统生产方式消耗
的水和能源少了90%。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然升级改造的衣物可能更贵，但Aus强调要珍惜我们的财物和消费的影
响。A. valuing珍惜，重视；B. replacing替换；C. storing储存；D. donating捐赠。根据下文“our
possessions and the impact of our consumption”可知，Aus强调要珍惜我们的财物和消费的影响。故选A。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她致力于在行业中做出小改变，并鼓励其他人也这样做。A. addicted上
瘾的；B. exposed暴露的；C. opposed反对的；D. committed尽心尽力的。根据下文“to making small
changes in the industry”可知，Aus致力于在时尚产业中做出小改变。be committed to表示“致力于”。故选
D。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她致力于在行业中做出小改变，并鼓励其他人也这样做。A. encourages鼓
励；B. orders命令；C. allows允许；D. forces强迫。根据下文“others to do the same”可知，Aus鼓励其他
人也像她一样在时尚产业中做出改变。故选A。
议论文
3.（2025·河南·开学考试）At a recent holiday gathering, I sat behind a row of parents watching dozens of 9-year-
olds in ties and beautiful dresses singing Sleigh Ride. Each of the parents had a 1 in hand, carefully and
seriously recording the 2 . They were working so hard to ensure they didn’t 3 anything — andyet I worried that they were, in fact, missing out.
Childhood is 4 . This performance or soccer game will never come again. So I understand the 5
to capture (捕捉) everything.
Parents have long sought ways to 6 time as their kids grow, starting with baby books containing
footprints and locks of hair. We 7 report cards, Halloween poems, and gold-starred spelling tests. And of
course we have taken photos and videos.
Yet the more I see parents 8 reaching for their phones, the more I come to believe that when we
turn our kids into the subjects of our personal documentaries, we 9 losing an opportunity to really 10
our children.
So the next time you’re at a game or birthday party, try this: take a few photos at the beginning, then put
your phone away. Keep your eyes on your 11 , who will be looking for you. Wait for them to 12
you in the audience. Maybe they’ll light up. Maybe they’ll cover their face in 13 . Either way, this is the
14 moment: the minute they will know that you really 15 them.
1．A．notebook B．camera C．phone D．computer
2．A．issue B．event C．view D．story
3．A．forget B．ignore C．leave D．miss
4．A．boring B．lonely C．tough D．short
5．A．power B．ability C．urge D．chance
6．A．stop B．freeze C．spend D．waste
7．A．save B．fill C．take D．write
8．A．dramatically B．automatically C．rarely D．patiently
9．A．risk B．appreciate C．avoid D．mind
10．A．connect with B．take control of C．contribute to D．get rid of
11．A．friend B．teacher C．partner D．child
12．A．pick B．hear C．follow D．spot
13．A．embarrassmentB．pride C．anger D．excitement
14．A．brief B．meaningful C．quiet D．historic
15．A．respect B．judge C．see D．criticize
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．D
12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C【解析】本文是议论文。文章通过描述在节日聚会上观察到父母们用手机记录孩子表演的现象，引出了关
于父母如何与孩子真正建立联系的讨论。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个家长手里都拿着手机，仔细认真地记录着这一活动。A. notebook笔记
本；B. camera相机；C. phone手机；D. computer电脑。根据后文“So the next time you’re at a game or
birthday party, try this: take a few photos at the beginning, then put your phone away.”可知，每个家长手里拿着
手机在记录。故选C项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个家长手里都拿着手机，仔细认真地记录着这一活动。A. issue问题；B.
event活动；C. view观点；D. story故事。根据前文“At a recent holiday gathering, I sat behind a row of
parents watching dozens of 9-year-olds in ties and beautiful dresses singing Sleigh Ride.”可知，是孩子们打着领
带，穿着漂亮的裙子唱着Sleigh Ride，这是一个活动。故选B项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们非常努力地记录，以确保他们没有错过任何东西——然而我担心他们
实际上错过了什么。A. forget忘记；B. ignore忽视；C. leave离开；D. miss错过。根据后文“and yet I
worried that they were, in fact, missing out”可知，作者担心实际上他们错过了什么，和空处为转折关系，所
以此处是确保他们没有错过任何东西。故选D项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：童年是短暂的。A. boring无聊的；B. lonely孤独的；C. tough艰难的；D.
short短暂的。根据后文“This performance or soccer game will never come again.”可知，这种表演或足球比赛
不会再来了，因为童年是短暂的。故选D项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我理解那种想要捕捉一切的冲动。A. power力量；B. ability能力；C.
urge冲动；D. chance机会。根据前文“Childhood is 4 .”可知，孩子童年短暂，所以父母
有想要捕捉一切的冲动。故选C项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，父母们一直在寻找让孩子成长的时间凝固的方法，从包含脚印
和头发的婴儿书籍开始。A. stop停止；B. freeze冻结；C. spend花费；D. waste浪费。根据后文“starting
with baby books containing footprints and locks of hair. We 7 report cards, Halloween poems,
and gold-starred spelling tests. And of course we have taken photos and videos.”可知，这些都是各个童年时刻留
下的纪念，目的是希望让孩子成长的时间凝固。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们保存成绩单、万圣节诗歌和金星拼写测试。A. save保存；B. fill填充；
C. take拿走；D. write写。根据前文“starting with baby books containing footprints and locks of hair.”可知，
此处是描述父母留下孩子各个时期的物品，所以应是保存成绩单、万圣节诗歌和金星拼写测试。故选A项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我越是看到父母下意识地拿起手机，我就越相信，当我们把孩子变
成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。A. dramatically戏剧性地；B.automatically自动地；C. rarely很少；D. patiently耐心地。根据后文“reaching for their phones”结合前文内
容和选项可知，父母总是下意识地拿起手机去纪录孩子。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我越是看到父母下意识地拿起手机，我就越相信，当我们把孩子变
成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。A. risk冒险；B. appreciate欣赏；C.
avoid避免；D. mind介意。根据前文“and yet I worried that they were, in fact, missing out”可知，作者担心当
我们把孩子变成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。故选A项。
10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，我越是看到父母下意识地拿起手机，我就越相信，当我们把孩子变
成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。A. connect with与……联系；B.
take control of控制；C. contribute to贡献；D. get rid of摆脱。根据前文“and yet I worried that they were, in
fact, missing out”可知，作者担心当我们把孩子变成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正
联系的机会。故选A项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：留意你的孩子，他会找你的。A. friend朋友；B. teacher老师；C. partner伙
伴；D. child孩子。根据前文“So the next time you’re at a game or birthday party, try this: take a few photos at
the beginning, then put your phone away.”可知，应是孩子们的比赛和生日聚会，所以留意您的孩子。故选D
项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：等着他们在观众中认出你来。A. pick挑选；B. hear听到；C. follow跟随；
D. spot发现。根据前文“who will be looking for you.”可知，孩子会寻找父母，所以是等着他们在观众中认
出你来。故选D项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许他们会尴尬地捂着脸。A. embarrassment尴尬；B. pride自豪；C. anger
愤怒；D. excitement兴奋。根据前文“Maybe they’ll cover their face”可知，孩子捂着脸，应是感到害羞尴尬。
故选A项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，这都是有意义的时刻：他们会知道你真的在看他们。A. brief
简短的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. quiet安静的；D. historic历史性的。根据后文“the minute they will
know that you really 15 them.”可知，孩子们知道你是在看他们，这应是有意义的时刻。
故选B项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，这都是有意义的时刻：他们会知道你真的在看他们。A. respect
尊重；B. judge判断；C. see看见；D. criticize批评。根据前文“Keep your eyes on your 11
”可知，应是看孩子们。故选C项。
4.（2025·河北秦皇岛·开学考试）In a terrible environment, most people will probably lose the battle
eventually with their willpower becoming weaker. It’s only a matter of time. So we should correctly 1 thepower of the environment around us.
Take my parents as an example. Neither of them were smokers when they entered a 2 , but it didn’t
take long for them to join their smoking co-workers. At first, they resisted it, but as the days turned into weeks,
their 3 to say no when everyone else was saying yes became weaker. Probably in order to 4 the
community around them, they finally gave in. Decades later, quitting smoking proved nearly 5 when they
turned to willpower because everyone around them still smoked. The very same force that encouraged them to start
was preventing them from 6 . They were able to 7 the habit only when they changed their
environment. They had to find new friends whose behavior was what my parents were 8 .
Rules or regulations are often a carefully created environment to encourage certain behaviors. If someone is
trying his best to use the willpower to 9 the environment, no doubt that’s a poor choice. People with the
best behavior are 10 the ones with a beneficial environment. Sometimes it’s carefully chosen, and
sometimes it’s just a kind of 11 . Either way, it’s easier for you to behave in the right environment. So if
you’re not that fortunate, it is significant to create a favourable environment 12 . If you want to read
more, be in 13 with book lovers. If you want to 14 effectively, hire a fitness trainer.
A good environment allows you to get twice the 15 with half the effort but you should put
yourself there first.
1．A．recognize B．test C．suspect D．abandon
2．A．tent B．field C．factory D．truck
3．A．failure B．permission C．standard D．determination
4．A．fit into B．appeal to C．look on D．make for
5．A．temporary B．impossible C．significant D．unnecessary
6．A．panicking B．complaining C．applying D．stopping
7．A．form B．kick C．share D．keep
8．A．in charge of B．strict in C．in favour of D．particular about
9．A．go against B．take possession of C．make up for D．depend on
10．A．unfortunately B．abruptly C．professionally D．typically
11．A．humour B．lie C．luck D．trick
12．A．naturally B．secretly C．distinctly D．purposefully
13．A．comparison B．company C．conflict D．sympathy
14．A．concentrate B．resign C．exercise D．assist
15．A．security B．effect C．virtue D．inspiration【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C
12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了在不良环境中，人们的意志力可能很快变得薄弱，环境影响着我们
的行为，因此，为了更好地成就自己，我们需要有意识地创造出有利的环境来帮助自己实现目标。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们应该正确认识我们周围环境的力量。A. recognize认识；B. test
测试；C. suspect怀疑；D. abandon放弃。根据上文“In a terrible environment, most people will probably lose
the battle eventually with their willpower becoming weaker.”可知，应该正确认识我们周围环境的力量。故选
A。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们俩刚进工厂时都不吸烟，但没过多久他们就加入了吸烟的同事行列。
A. tent帐篷；B. field领域；C. factory工厂；D. truck卡车。根据下文“co-workers.”可知，父母进入的是工
厂。故选C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，他们很抗拒，但随着时间一天天过去，当其他人都说“是”的时候，
他们说“不”的决心变得越来越弱。A. failure失败；B. permission允许；C. standard标准；D. determination
决心。根据上文“they resisted it,”可知，这里强调在抵抗诱惑下的决心逐渐变得薄弱。故选D。
4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：可能是为了融入周围的社区，他们最终屈服了。A. fit into融入；
B .appeal to吸引；C. look on旁观；D. make for导致。根据下文“they finally gave in.”可知，父母为了融入
社区的行为，最终屈服了。故选A。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年后，当他们发现仅靠意志力戒烟几乎是不可能的，因为他们周围
的人都还在吸烟。A. temporary短暂的；B. impossible不可能的；C. significant重要的；D. unnecessary不必
要的。根据下文“when they turned to willpower because everyone around them still smoked.”可知，戒烟几乎
不可能，故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：鼓励他们开始吸烟的力量同样阻碍了他们戒烟。A. panicking恐慌；B.
complaining抱怨；C. applying应用；D. stopping停止。根据上文“The very same force that encouraged them
to start”可知，鼓励他们开始吸烟的力量同样阻碍了他们戒烟，故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只在改变环境之后才成功戒烟。A. form形成；B .kick戒除坏习惯；C.
share分享；D. keep保持。根据下文“when they changed their environment.”可知，在改变环境之后才成功
戒烟。kick the habit是习惯用语，意为“戒除坏习惯”。故选B。
8．考查短语词义辨析。句意：他们必须找到新朋友，他们的行为举止和我父母的一致。A.in charge of负
责；B. strict in对……严格；C. in favour of支持……的；D. particular about对……挑剔。根据上文“Theywere able to _____ the habit only when they changed their environment.”可知，环境改变了，行为就改变了，
所以新环境中的人们和父母的举止是一致的。故选C。
9．考查短语词义辨析。句意：如果试图依靠意志力去对抗环境，毫无疑问是糟糕的选择。A. go against反
对；B. take possession of占有；C. make up for弥补；D. depend on依赖。根据下文“no doubt that’s a poor
choice.”可知，试图依靠意志力去对抗环境，毫无疑问是糟糕的选择。选择go against。故选A。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：行为最好的人通常都有一个有益的环境。A. unfortunately不幸地；B.
abruptly突然地；C. professionally职业性地；D. typically通常。根据下文“with a beneficial environment.”可
知，行为最好的人通常都有一个有益的环境，选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时是精心选择的，有时只是一种运气。A. humour幽默；B. lie谎言；C.
luck运气；D. trick诡计。根据上文“Sometimes it’s carefully chosen”可知，有时是精心选择的，有时只是一
种运气。故选C。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你不那么幸运，能够有意创造一个有利环境是很重要的。A. naturally
自然地；B. secretly秘密地；C. distinctly清晰可辨地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据上文“So if you’re not
that fortunate”可知，果你不那么幸运，能够有意创造一个有利环境是很重要的，选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想读更多书，请与书迷为伴。A. comparison对比；B. company陪伴；
C. conflict冲突；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“If you want to read more”可知，喜欢读书的书迷应该以书为
伴，故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你想有效地锻炼，请雇佣一位健身教练。A. concentrate专注；B.
resign辞职；C. exercise锻炼；D. assist协助。根据下文“hire a fitness trainer.”后文提到健身教练，所以指
锻炼，选C。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：良一个好的环境可以让你事半功倍，但你应该把自己放在第一位。A.
security安全；B. effect效果；C. virtue美德；D. inspiration灵感。根据上文“A good environment”可知，良
一个好的环境可以让你事半功倍，故选B。
1.（2022年全国乙卷）
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highlyexciting about ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly
“egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology
___26___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down
with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear
the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered
her own mouth: ___31___ children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.
A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results
were clear: Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their
___36___ to the questions reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They
simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by
putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___40___
when others use it.
21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
33. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
34. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
39. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
40. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B
31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主
义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴
奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young
children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。
故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不
擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands,
leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B.
examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分
无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物
的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as
evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证
据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.
disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所
以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.
explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest
when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider
this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent
父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-
4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一
起。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；
B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听
到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；
C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，
所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they
couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选
B项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的
嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。
【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own
mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B.
descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除
了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到
了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the
questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。
故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到
了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was
asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什
么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能
看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文
“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能
看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only
if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist
on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了
他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中
心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根
据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验
的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实
验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply
18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，
孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
2.（2022年浙江卷6月）
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky
shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out
___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling,
but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and
sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that
can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and
feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to
___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager
should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your
directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against
you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good
___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
17. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
18. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
20. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
21. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name23. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
24. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
25. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
26. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful
27. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example
28. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine
29. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
30. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
31. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
32. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
33. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
34. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending
35. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A.
deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢
被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
17.A【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。
A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚
拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。
18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A.
fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs
out 2 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。
19.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了
我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要
的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任
的。故选C项。
20.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我
巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，
此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
21.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D.
healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，
这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
22.B【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这
需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor
以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努
力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。
23.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东
西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。
本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
24.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。
A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part
of a ____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
25.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉
得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。
根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
26.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，
觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感
激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。
27.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，
如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For
example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知，作者在举例子。故
选D项。
28.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如
果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文
“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能
去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
29.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移
到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。30.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something
that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
31.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；
B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。
32.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成
为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people
don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
33.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B.
measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，
缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
34.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B.
giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
35.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management
管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及
“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。
