考点01 名词和数词（核心考点精讲精练）
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1. 高考真题考点分布
考点
题型
名词/数词
语法填空
年份
试卷类型
考点
考向
2025
2025·全国I 卷
guidance
词形转换
2025·全国II 卷
afternoons；absence
名词复数；词形转换
20255·年浙江1 月
people’s；times；solution
名词的所有格；名词复
数；词形转换
2024
2024·新课标I 卷
favorites (favourite);
richness(rich)
名词的数；
名词的功能和构成
2024·新课标II 卷
themes(theme);
visibility (visible)
名词的数；
名词的功能和构成
2024·全国乙卷
2024·全国甲卷
treasures(treasure)
completion(complete)
名词的数
名词的功能和构成
2024·年浙江1 月
criticism (criticize)
名词的功能和构成
2023
2023·新课标I 卷
2023·新课标II 卷
arrival（arrive）
interviews(interview)
名词的的功能和构成
2023·全国乙卷
wonders (wonder)
名词的数
2023·全国甲卷
different(difference)
warning(warn)
名词的功能和构成
2023·年浙江1 月
events (event)
名词的数
2022
2022·新课标I 卷
populations（population）
名词的数
2022·新课标II 卷
son’s（son）
名词的所有格
2022·全国乙卷
responsibility
名词的功能和构成
(responsible)
2022·全国甲卷
protection(protect)
名词的功能和构成
2022·年浙江6 月
photographer
(photograph);
independence (independent)
名词的功能和构成
2022·年浙江1 月
invitation （invite）
名词的功能和构成
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3 年新高考卷对于名词的考查基本在名词上共计19 次，主要考查：
1．给出名词提示词，考查名词复数；
2．名词的功能和构成：词形转换， (通常为动词、形容词)为提示词，填写名词；
3. 名词所有格；
4．名词的固定搭配。
【备考策略】
1. 熟练掌握名词单数变复数的基本规则，根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数；
2. 明确形容词与名词、冠词与名词之间的修饰关系以及在句中所作成分，确定名词的恰当形式。
3. 要熟练掌握名词所有格的作用。
3.【命题预测】
2026 年语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化，根据习惯
用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数形式，所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和
语态放在一起考查。
考点一 其他词类转化为名词的词形转换
1．形容词转化为名词后缀
后缀
例词
－age
short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
－cy
efficient→efficiency 效率 fluent→fluency 流利
accurate→accuracy 准确性 private→privacy 隐私
－dom
free→freedom 自由 wise→wisdom 明智；智慧
－ence
different→difference 差异 evident →evidence 证据
－ness
weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness 厚度
kind→kindness 仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness 粗心大意
－th
strong→strength 力气；优势 warm→warmth 温暖；热情
－y/－ty/－ity
difficult→difficulty 困难 disable→disability 缺陷；伤残
responsible→responsibility 责任 honest→honesty 诚实
①careless→ carelessness 粗心大意helpless→ helplessness 无助safe→ safeness 安全性(易混：safety 安
全)
【注意】以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y 为i 再加-ness lonely→ loneliness 孤独
②strong→ strength 力气；强项true→ truth 真实wide→ width 宽度deep→ depth 深度long→ length 长
度young→ youth 年轻人
【高频再现】
absent→ absence
①
缺席confident→ confidence 自信心different→ difference 不同evident→ evidence 证据
patient→ patience 耐心
bored→ boredom
②
厌烦free→ freedom 自由；自主wise→ wisdom 明智；智慧
③difficult→ difficulty 困难discover→ discovery 发现deliver→delivery 递送recover→recovery 恢复；痊
愈honest→ honesty 诚实
certain→ certainty
④
必然的事cruel→ cruelty 残酷；残暴safe→ safety 安全
able→ ability
⑤
能力disable→ disability 无能；残疾active→ activity 活动real→ reality 现实responsible→
responsibility 责任 visible→visibility 知名度
2．动词转化为名词后缀
后缀
例词
－ion/
－tion/
－sion/
attract→attraction 吸引力 celebrate→celebration 庆祝
conclude→conclusion 结论；结束 discuss→discussion 讨论；论述
decide→decision 决定 admit→admission 承认；准许加入
permit→permission 允许，许可 invite→invitation 邀请
explain→explanation 解释 expect→expectation 期望
－er/
－or
sail→sailor 海员，水手 drive→driver 司机；驾驶员
gather→gatherer 收集者，采集者 teach→teacher 老师
announce→announcer 广播员 conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员
－ment
punish→punishment 惩罚 achieve→achievement 成就
argue→argument 辩论；论据 treat→treatment 对待；治疗
equip →equipment 装备；设备 govern→government 政府
astonish→astonishment 惊奇 develop→development 发展
－ance/
－ence
appear→appearance 出现；外貌 guide→guidance 指引；指导
perform→performance 表演；表现 exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏爱 refer→reference 参考，查阅
－ure/
-ture
fail→failure 失败；倒闭 press→pressure 压力
depart→departure 离开；出发 mix→mixture 混合(物)
－ing
hear→hearing 听力，听觉 begin→beginning 开始
build→building 建筑 warn→warning 警告
－y
recover→recovery 恢复 discover→discovery 发现
①enter→ entrance 进入exist→ existence 存在；生存prefer→ preference 偏爱refer→ reference 参考；查阅
differ→ difference 不同
②imagine→ imagination 想象力starve→ starvation 挨饿occupy→ occupation 工作，职业；占领
③cover→ coverage 覆盖范围short→ shortage 不足；短缺marry→ marriage 婚姻pack→ package 包裹
④serve→ servant 仆人participate→ participant 参加者assist→ assistant 助手apply→ applicant 申请人
⑤clean→ cleaner 清洁剂contain→ container 容器cook→ cooker 炊具draw→ drawer 抽屉
dry→ drier 干燥剂；干燥机sharpen→ sharpener 铅笔刀shave→ shaver 剃须刀thrill→ thriller 惊悚小说/电影
calculate→ calculator 计算器tract→ tractor 拖拉机
【高频再现】
①approve→approval 赞成；批准arrive→arrival 到来；到达survive→survival 幸存propose→proposal 提议；
建议refuse→refusal 拒绝
②press→pressure 压力mix→mixture 混合；混合物depart→departure 离开；出发fail→failure 失败
please→pleasure 愉快
③educate→education 教育evaluate→evaluation 评估graduate→graduation 毕业
④equip→equipment 设备employ→employment 雇用treat→treatment 对待；治疗
⑤employ→employee 雇员interview→interviewee 参加面试者train→trainee 受训者；实习生escape→escapee
逃亡者
3．名词转化为名词后缀
后缀
例词
－ian/
－ist/
music→ musician 音乐家politics→ politician 政治家
science→ scientist 科学家piano→ pianist 钢琴家
①history→ historian 历史学家library→ librarian 图书管理员
②cycle→ cyclist 骑自行车的人
1.（2025 全国I 卷）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into
your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player
among the visitors to the exhibition.
1.根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词
(1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词;
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
2. 根据空处词的位置，确定本词在句中的成分，作主语、宾语成分，可能填名词，表语也可能是名词。
3. 熟记常见名词后缀:-age 表示“状态;场所;费用”;-ory 表示“工作场所;住处”;-ology 表示“……学;
……论”;-ure 表示“状态”;-cy 表示“性质;状态”;-ery 表示“境遇;状况;性质;行为”;-ism 表示“主义”;-
ty 表示“性质;状态;程度”。
2.（2025 浙江 1 月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright,
providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.
1.（2025 八省联考卷）As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese
culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its
development through 65 (innovate), and its inclusiveness.
2.（2026·湖南省高三阶段性检测（一））Each long song is special because singers preform by adding some
things that reflect the 41 (free) of the life of Mongolian people.
3.（2026·湖北省荆州中学高三上学期8 月月考）In my daily life, I take small steps to reduce my plastic
41 (consume).
考点二 可数名词的复数
1.规则变化
情况
方法
例词
一般情况
加－s
students，teachers，doc tors，tables
以s，x，ch，sh 结尾
加－es（如果词尾-ch 发
音为/k/ ，要+s, 如
stomachs）
glasses，dishes，boxes，watches
以辅音字母＋y 结尾
变y 为i 再加－es
families，babies，armies，bodies
以元音字母＋y 结尾
加－s
boys，toys，pianos，photos
以f 或fe 结尾
大都变f 或fe 为v，再加
－es
thieves ，wives ，knives ，shelves ，
lives
少数加－s
beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs
以o 结尾
通常加－s
radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos
有的加－es
heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
2. 牢记名词变复数的5 种变化形式
(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s：book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es：glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母＋-y 结尾的名词，变y 为i 再加-es；city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties
(4) 【注意】以o 结尾的名词常在词尾加-s：radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos；加-es 的有以下词：
heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
(5) 【注意】以-f，-fe 结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s：roof→ roofs，belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词要变f 或fe 为v 再加-es：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。
3．名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several 等后时，要想到用复数形式。
4．谓语动词为复数形式，要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
5．【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→
teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women 等。但human→ humans（准确记住不规则变化是培优
复习的重点，挑战零失误。）
6.常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer 鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。其
中fish，fruit 表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
7.自身有特殊变化的名词
child 孩子→children man 男人→men tooth 牙→teeth foot 脚，英尺→feet mouse 老鼠→mice
phenomenon 现象→phenomena medium 传播媒介→media
8．有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、
respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
9．【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends
with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、
make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
10．常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)
等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、
progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。（一定记牢）
11.名词单复数的形式比较复杂，注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes 各种鱼；fruits 各种水果；steels 各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snow 雪, snows 积雪; two people 两个人，two peoples 两个民族
(3)glass 一词作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作
“眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper 一词作“纸”解时，不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in your test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of 之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数
形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作，工厂，工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
1.（2025 全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog
and plenty of blue sky 64 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
2.（2025 浙江 1 月卷）As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental
services have become increasingly popular.
times。
1.（2025 八省联考卷）The goal was two-fold: to celebrate cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use
of all six 57 (tongue).
2.（2026·广东省广州市高三上学期8 月阶段训练）It features five short 43 (video), which are shared
on major social media platforms, offering insights into China’s cultural and technological landscape.
3.（2026·湖北省武汉市九师联盟高三上学期8 月开学）The commercial prosperity (繁荣) of the Tang, Song,
Ming and Qing 57 (dynasty) left a historical mark.
考点三 抽象名词具体化
(1) 通常只用作不可数名词的名词：
advice 建议， furniture 家具， fun 乐趣；information 信息，news 新闻， weather 天气， progress 进步，
wealth 财富，value 价值等。
(2)抽象名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美；美丽
美丽的人或事物
comfort
安慰；慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink 饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee 咖啡→a coffee 一杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔 hair 头
发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会
是一件欣慰的事。
1.【2023 年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___
6 9___
(warn) about environmental
destruction.
2.（2020·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese New Year is a
61
(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and
the beginning of spring.
有些表示表示抽象意义的名词，在具体的语境中表示具体的人、事物或活动。常考的有以tion 结尾的
抽象名词，failure，success 等。例如：celebration 抽象意义：庆祝；具体意义：某种庆祝活动；failure 抽象
意义：失败；具体意义：失败的人或事；success 抽象意义：成功；具体意义：成功的人或事。
1.（2026·广东省深圳市两学部八月月考高三上学期8 月月考）However, the researchers acknowledge certain
43 (limit) of the study. One of its drawbacks is that the study is observational and the number of participants is
relatively small.
2.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）Even today, the Silk Road remains a major ______ (attract), drawing
tourists from China and around the world.
考点四 名词所有格
(1)－’s 所有格
①用and 连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s
或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s 或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s 在理发店
at the teacher’s 在老师办公室
(2)of 所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of 所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of
所有格。
the content of the novel 小说的内容
the name of the girl over there 那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)
1.（2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）“He saved my
64
(son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
2.（2021·浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters
squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
1.（2025·浙江省杭州市七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考）Panda enthusiasts in both China and the US will
have various means of learning about the (pair) daily lives and adjustment process, according to the
National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
2.（2025·浙江省金华第一中学月考）The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science
class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social
media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the (country) vast rural
areas.
考点五 名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。
（3）作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
college students 大学生 girl friend 女友 vegetable garden 菜园 basketball match 篮球赛
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’ books 学生用书
China’s capital 中国的首都
the world’s population 世界人口
（3）man，woman，gentleman 作定语
man，woman，gentleman 作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop 服装商店 sales department 营业部 a goods train 货车
savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department 外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center 学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/boy(peasant 习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker 习惯用所有格作定语)
（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women drivers 女司机 the woman’s driver 这位妇女的司机
girl friend 女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mother tongue 母语 mother’s tongue 母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10 千克。
1.（2021 年全国乙卷） Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is
different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms
of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the
______(develop)of the local areas.
2.(2022 年全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental
______ (protect).
1. （2026·湖北省武汉市九师联盟高三上学期8 月开学）Members of the 2024 A Date with China tour watched
the puppetry 60 (perform), Daming Prefecture, on May 19, featuring traditional stunts (特技) such as
lion dancing and martial arts.
2.（2026·湖北省孝感高级中学高三上学期8 月测试）The Inner Mongolia autonomous region, a vast territory in
northern China, has recently gained global 36 (recognize) for its ecological restoration efforts,
particularly in the Kubuqi Desert.
数词
【命题规律】
【易错提醒】
名词作定语注意以下几点：
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
college students 大学生 girl friend 女友 vegetable garden 菜园 basketball match 篮球赛
（2）man，woman，gentleman 作定语
man，woman，gentleman 作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子
来。There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（3）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop 服装商店 sales department 营业部 a goods train 货车
考情分析：分析新高考有关数词的考向分布。
五年高考只有两次考查了数词：
题型
语法填空
高考考点
数词
全国甲卷
2023
six--sixth
新高考II 卷
2021
seven--seventh
命题规律
考
点
要
求
考
题
统
计
考情分析
基
数
词
3
年
0
考
【命题规律】
根据新高考五年的考情分析，基数词和序数词的相互转换是可能的考查要点，因此，总结归
类数词相关的转换规律及具体数词表达法是备考的重点方向。
考查重点是序数词和分数的表达法，虽然数词考得较少，但仍然需要充分复习，几年没
考是因为找不到与数词相关的文章，如果有合适的语篇考查数词的可能性还是有的。
序
数
词
3
年
2
考
数
词
的
常
用
表
达
法
3
年
0
考
【备考策略】
熟练掌握基数词和序数词转换的基本规则。注意几个不规则词的转换。
【命题预测】
预测2026 年高考对于数词的考查仍然会以基数词、序数词的转换和数词的特殊用法为主。
考点一、基数词和序数词的相互转换
1.一般来说，序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th 构成。
2.十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y 变为i，再加e t h。
3.两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外，常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100 以内，具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth
ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—
sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth
forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
考点二、与数词相关的表达法
1.分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。
2.表示某人的大约年龄，即“几十多岁”时，使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s＋整十的基数词的复数”
意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如：in his fifties。
3.当hundred, thousand, million, billion 前面有基数词时，用单数形式，词尾不加-s；前面有many, several, a
few 修饰时，仍用单数形式。如：several billion years。
4.“数词＋普通名词＋形容词”构成的合成形容词中，数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
考点三、易混易错数词考点
1.序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an，此时不强调顺序。“a/an＋序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，
再一个”。You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。
2.表示“许多，大量；一些”的词和短语
特征
词语
备注
只修饰可数名词
a few, quite a few, many, a good
many，a large number of,
dozens of, scores of， hundreds of,
thou－sands of, millions of
作主语时，谓语动词用复数
只修饰不可数名
词
a little, much， a great deal of, a large
amount of
作主语时，谓语动词用单数
既可以修饰可数
名词也可以修饰
不可数名词
a lot of, lots of, plenty of
作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式根据
名词来定
a large quantity of
作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式由后
面的名词决定
large quantities of
作主语时，谓语动词用复数
考点四、考查倍数表达法
1．倍数＋as＋形容词(副词)原级＋as...。My income is twice as much as yours.我的收入是你的2 倍。
2．倍数＋the size/length/width/depth/height of...。My house is twice the size of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。
3．倍数＋that of。
The size of my house is twice that of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。
In this factory, the output of July is 4 times that of January.这个工厂七月份的产量是一月份的四倍。
4．倍数＋比较级＋than。
The output of cars in 2012 is 4 times greater than that of 2011.2012 年小轿车产量是2011 年的5 倍。
1.（2023·全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s
fables date to the (six) century, BC.
2.（2021·新高考II 卷）I've always loved the ocean. In the (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the
Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
用序数词还是基数词一定要注意分清相关语境，有顺序的用序数词，无顺序的用基数词。但要注意隐
含的语境，因为汉语和英语习惯的不同。例如：18 岁生日eighteenth birthday；五年级fifth grade。
常用序数词的拼写规律及特殊数词的记忆
①序数词多数是由“基数词＋th”构成。如：six→sixth，seven→seventh 等。
②以y 结尾的整十的数字，先将y 改为i，再加eth。如：fifty-→fiftieth，seventy→seventieth 等。
③21 以上的非整十的数字，将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词，其他的位数仍用基数词。如：
twenty-one →twentyfirst，
thirtytwo →thirty-second，
two hundred and ninetyeight →two hundred and ninetyeighth 等。
④少数的序数词属于特殊情况，而且这类词也常常是考点，大家要特别注意记忆。如：
one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，twelve→twelfth
注：fourteenth(第十四)，fortieth(第四十)，ninth(第九)，nineteenth(第十九)，ninetieth(第九十)
1.(2025·河南省九师联盟高三联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the
absolute poverty line.
2．(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf
in councilrun courses costing from ￡10 each time.
3．(2025·湖南省邵阳市武冈市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two
________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every
year.
1.分数的表达法：
分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。
►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths
【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：
►a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourths 四分之三
2.常考固定表达法
in one’s thirties 在某人30 多岁(区别：in the thirties 在30 年代)
an eight-year-old boy 一个八岁的男孩
a 100-meter-long bridge 一座100 米长的桥
4. (江苏省南京市高三二模)Most Brits spend almost ________ (two) as much of their leisure time socializing
with others as they do being alone.
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2026·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三上学期开学）He also added that when the two countries work together on
the basis of 43 (equal) and respecting each other, they can achieve important results that help both sides
and others.
2.（2026·浙江省Z20 名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）高三上学期第一次联考）The Records of the
Three Kingdoms by Western Jin Dynasty 60 (history) Chen Shou documented its military applications,
describing “vine armor” so effective that it could float across rivers, resist water, and stand against arrows.
3.（2026·湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8 月联考）The 63 (action) help to increase Wuhan’s flood
resilience(适应能力) and effectively return the rivers, riverbanks and riverscape to the people, thus making the city
64 (livable), business-friendly and attractive for tourists.
4.（2026·四川省广安市广安三区联考高三上学期8 月月考）The Hongkou District Sports Festival, aiming to
establish Shanghai’s Ruihong Tiandi as an integrated sports and 56 ( consume) centre, kicked off on July 5.
5.（2026·湖北省荆州中学高三上学期8 月月考）One of the simplest ways to reduce plastic use is by avoiding
plastic straws(吸管). While they are used for just a brief moment, plastic straws take 36 (century) to
break down.
6.（2026·广东省广州市高三上学期8 月阶段训练）Covering more than 200 pages, this book is organized into
five sections, reflecting the journey of US-China 40 (engage) since diplomatic (外交的) ties began in
1979.
7.（2026·湖南省高三阶段性检测（一））
42
(local) call it “the perfect unity of heaven’s voice and the
human soul”.
8.（2026·湖南省永州市第一中学高三上学期开学）
The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 42 (population)and homes of giant
pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
9.（2026·山西省怀仁市第一中学校高三上学期摸底）You can find this rock in the Lesser Stone Forest. She is
seen as a 40 (protect) of the Sani people.
10.（2026·山西忻州部分学校高三上学期8 月阶段性测试）Perhaps the most ambitious type of carbon capture
involves removing carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the air, although there are just a few such 39
(facility) currently in operation worldwide.
11.（2026·四川省巴中市普通高中高三上学期9 月零诊）Despite being a prestigious scholar, Lu Gusun never
cared for material 44 (pursue) and personally felt no need for them.
12.（2025·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学模拟）The (one) American Labor Day was celebrated in New York
City on September 5th,1882, as thousands of workers and their families came to Union Square for a day in the park.
13.（2025·广东梅县东山中学高三月考）1．She is a remarkable athlete , known for her outstanding speed and
skill, making her (two) only to the world champion in her sport. （所给词的适当形式
填空）
14.(2025·河南省九师联盟联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the
absolute poverty line.
15．(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play
golf in councilrun courses costing from ￡10 each time.
16．(2025·河北省邯郸市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________
(three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year.
语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·河北省河北定州中学高三
上学期开学）
Chinese brocade ( 锦缎) is an art form that dates back over 1, 300 years. Over time, regional
1
(variety) developed across China. Today, cities like Nanjing and Chengdu are known for their brocade production
and museums
2
high-quality brocade scarves and bags can be purchased.
Creating Chinese brocade is a painstaking process. Using traditional looms (织布机) that can reach 18 feet in
3
(long) and contain thousands of parts, artisans employ dozens of steps
4
(bring) their visions to life.
To help memorize these complex processes, they even sing songs while they work.
The result of this creative effort is bright cloth
5
(decorate) with patterns woven (纺织) from silk,
gold, and even birds’ feather. The level of skill is so high that even experienced workers produce mere two inches
of this cloth in a day.
“The brocade cannot be produced with modern machines. It can be woven only on the traditional loom,”
says Feng Zhao, director of the China National Silk Museum in Hangzhou. “This feature appeals
6
older
Chinese people, who appreciate brocade from their hearts
7
view it as a proud symbol of cultural heritage.”
Nowadays, this complex cloth once reserved for the rich and powerful
8
(be) finding new life on
fashion runways. Designer Chen Liwen last year
9
(launch) a range of scarves and accessories targeted at
Z-Generation consumers that feature the hu bu tiger pattern. The ancient brocade, then, seems to be
10
(tight) woven into China’s future.
语法填空（单句语法填空）
1. （2025 全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63
(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
2.（2025 浙江 1 月卷）“I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that
doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
3. （2024·新高考I 卷）The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional
structure that is also beautiful.
4.（2024·全国甲卷）They are （treasure）of American heritage（遗产）.
5.（2024·全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed（承诺）to promote the idea at the 48 （complete）of
their journey.
6.（2024·北京卷）Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time to rest allows us
to develop a deeper sense of (self-aware).
7.（2023 年新高考II 卷） They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with
international journalists.
8.（2023·1 月浙江卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories,
and some are even associated with historic ________ (event).
9.（2022 年新高考I 卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______
(population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
10．（2022·全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental
______ (protect).
11．（2022·全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest
tea-producing country, China has a ______ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy
development of the tea industry.
12.（2022 年1 月浙江卷）When the answer was no ,she declined the________(invite) .
13.（2022 年6 月浙江卷）For Luc, this means
(independent). "The feeling of being able to see it
and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
14．（2021·全国乙卷）Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is
different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms
of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the
______(develop)of the local areas.
15.(2021·新高考II 卷) A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over
from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
16.（2021·浙江卷） In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their
______（marry）ceremony in 1842.
17．（2020·新课标II 卷）Chinese New Year is a ____ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and
the beginning of spring.
18. （2020 年北京卷）Now, lots of (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to
stop people using them.
