20 语法填空应对策略(无提示词)
【策略精析】
策略回顾1：如何确定填何种冠词
1.用定冠词the的常考点
(1)特指某人或某事；
(2)用在序数词或最高级前或用于only，very，same等词前；
(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；
(4)用在乐器名词前；
(5)和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。
(6)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
2.用不定冠词a/an的常考点
(1)泛指一类人与物，表示概念“一”；
(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
3.固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前填冠词
(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：at the same time，on the contrary，to tell the truth，in the distance，make
the most/best of，on the spot等。
(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：catch a cold，have a fever，all of a sudden，as a matter of fact，as a
result，have a gift for，make a living，have/take a rest，give sb a lift，have a good knowledge of等。
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位
(4)抽象名词具体化
抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：surprise，pleasure，comfort，
danger，success，failure，beauty等。
【典例分析1】 (2020全国卷Ⅱ)
The plum trees are 70.____________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．They represent the
promise of spring and a renewal of life.
答案 the [句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词 first前要加定冠词
the。]
【典例分析2】 (2020浙江7月卷)
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with 64.____________ rise of science，changes began.
答案 the [根据空后的rise of science可知，此处是名词的限定性修饰，语意表示“科学的兴起”，故填
定冠词the，表示特指。]
【典例分析3】 (2020浙江1月卷)A child born in the Us today has 63.____________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan
according.
答案 a [根据下文的chance 可知，这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”，故填不定冠词，表示泛
指。]
【典例分析4】 (2019全国卷Ⅰ)
Of 69.____________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations ，three are declining，six 70.are(be)
stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.
答案 the [此处特指确认的19个北极熊亚种群，故用定冠词the。]
【典例分析5】 (2019浙江6月卷)
Everybody wears 57.____________ same style of clothes.
答案 the [此处特指校服的款式相同，the same...“相同的……”。]
【典例分析6】 (2019全国卷Ⅱ)
When we got a call 68.saying(say) she was short－listed，we thought it was 69.____________ joke.
答案 a [joke“笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，故其前用a。]
策略回顾：如何确定填何种介词
1.介词多义看语境
(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，意
为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。
(2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为“和……
在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态，表示“被，由”；表示“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具。
(4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象，用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意
为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(5)through表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“整个……”；表示手段、媒介，意为“依据，经
由”。
2.依据句式和搭配填介词
(1)与动词搭配，如：remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”；rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”；go back to/date
from“追溯至……”；exchange...for...“交换……”
(2)与名词或代词搭配，如：by accident“偶然”；by oneself“靠自己”
(3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about“对……感到好奇”；be proud of“因……而自豪”
【典例分析1】 (2020全国卷Ⅲ)
The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 70.____________ earth，Mother Nature.答案 on [on earth在世上。]
【典例分析2】 (2020新高考卷Ⅰ)
Museums must compete 45.____________ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
答案 for [根据语境可知，此处表达的是“为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争”，
compete for“为……竞争”，故应用介词for。]
【典例分析3】 (2020浙江7月卷)
Some time after 10 ， 000 BC ， people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived
56.____________，through agriculture.
答案 in [live in是固定词组，表示“在……地方生活”，故填in。]
【典例分析4】 (2020浙江1月卷)
This aging of the population is driven 59.____________ two factors.
答案 by [空处位于表示被动的动词后，故应该填by。]
【典例分析5】 (2019全国卷Ⅰ)
Modern methods 63.____________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－
1980s.
答案 of/for [methods of/for doing sth做某事的方法，故填of/for。]
【典例分析6】 (2018浙江6月卷)
If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home
65.____________ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.
答案 for [go to some place for dinner“去某个地方吃饭”。介词for在此表示目的。]
策略回顾3：如何确定填何种代词
1.常见考法
(1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he，she或者it。
(2)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him，her或者it。
(3)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，填they。
(4)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，填them。
2.it的用法
(1)指代天气、时间、距离等。
(2)代替上文提到过的事物。
(3)代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。
(4)代替不定式、动名词或从句形式主语或形式宾语。
(5)it的常用固定句型
It is/was＋被强调成分＋that＋其他It＋be＋ adj.＋of/for sb to do sth
It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth
It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.＋that...
It seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sb＋that...
It is said/reported/believed...＋that...
It takes sb some time/money to do sth
主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep...＋it＋补语＋to do sth/that...
主语＋like/hate/love/appreciate...＋it＋从句
【典例分析1】 (2018浙江6月卷)
Many westerners 57.who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap
58.____________ can be to eat out.
答案 it [考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out。]
【典例分析2】 (2017全国卷Ⅱ)
However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people
were using 67.____________ every day.
答案 it [指代前句中的the railway，故填it。]
策略回顾4：如何确定填连词或引导词
1.关系分析法
分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有：and，both...and...，not only...but (also)．..等。
(2)表示选择关系的有：or，either...or...，not...but...等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有：but，while等。
(4)表示因果关系的有：so，for等。
I was glad to meet Jenny again，but I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
很高兴又见到詹妮了，但是我不想花一整天的时间和她在一起。
It must have rained last night，for it is wet all over.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为到处都这么湿。
2.句型法
(1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
(2)
Please send us postcards and we’ll know where you have visited.
请给我们寄些明信片，我们好知道你到过哪里。
We were having a heated discussion when there was a failure power.我们正在热烈地讨论，突然停电了。
【典例分析1】 (2020新高考卷Ⅰ)
They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37.____________ until they died，and then it was given to
a museum.
答案 or [句意：他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给
一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两种可能性，应使用连词or“或者”。故填or。]
【典例分析2】 (2020浙江1月卷)
It’s also that they are on average healthier 65._________________ more productive for longer.
答案 and [结合句意可知，healthier 和more productive 构成并列关系，故填and。]
【典例分析3】 (2019全国卷Ⅱ)
I work not because I have to，67.____________ because I want to.
答案 but [not...but...“不是……而是……”。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。]
3.定语从句:确定关系词
设空处无提示词，而设空前的主句完整；设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限
定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
(1)分清限制与非限制
在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”。
③as 引导非限制性定语从句，可置句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是 be seen，be
known，be reported，be mentioned，be said，be often the case等。
The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
我们在日常生活中遇到的问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。
The boy was away from home for a week，which worried his parents very much.
这个男孩离家出走一周了，这令他的父母很担心。
Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn’t make a forest.”
正如谚语所说：“独木不成林”。
(2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表时间，地点，还是原因)
①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
②先行词指物：that/which/whose等；
③表时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
The annual campus bookfair aims to provide a platform where students can have a chance to exchange and make
use of their books.一年一度的校园书展目的是为学生提供一个平台，使学生有机会交换和利用书籍。
(2018浙江6月卷)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once
they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭多么便宜，他们就会比在自己国家做饭少得多。
(3)判断所缺成分，确定关系词
①缺少主语：that/which/who；
②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；
④缺少定语：whose；
⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语：分别用when，where，why。
Many traditional arts are losing nowadays，some of which are being replaced by modern products.
目前，许多传统艺术正在丢失，其中有一些正在被现代产品所取代。
The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不相信他的理由是他经常说谎。
(2018天津卷)Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.
凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了，上大学时，我和她妹妹住在一个房间。
【典例分析4】 (2020全国卷Ⅰ)
Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in
orbit above the moon in a spot 63.____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
答案 where [句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向
航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是 a spot，关系词替代先行词在
从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。]
【典例分析5】 (2020全国卷Ⅲ)
In ancient China lived an artist 61.____________ paintings were almost lifelike.
答案 whose [句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，
且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。]
【典例分析6】 (2020新高考卷Ⅰ)
The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，38.formed (form) the core collection of the
British Museum 39.____________ opened in 1759.
答案 which/that [句意：例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。
此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the British Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代
词which/that引导。故填which/that。]【典例分析7】 (2020北京卷)
Some university students carried out a campaign 4.____________ they spent their whole day without cell phone.
答案 where [分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为campaign，空格处在从句中作地点状
语，故填where。]
【典例分析8】 (2019全国卷Ⅱ)
Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，62.____________ she opened
with her late husband Les.
答案 which [分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少
opened的宾语，故用which。]
【典例分析9】 (2019全国卷Ⅲ)
They were well trained by their masters 64._______________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
答案 who/that [分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句
中作主语，故填关系代词who/that。]
【典例分析10】 (2019浙江6月卷)
On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth 58.____________ gives off light in the dark.
答案 that/which [分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词为a piece of cloth，而且空格处在从句
中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。]
[注意]
(1)不能忘记“介词＋关系代词”的使用3规则
构成 用法
介词提前时，指物只能用which，指人
介词(短语)＋which/whom
只能用whom
数词/形容词最高级/不定代词＋of＋which/
表示部分与整体的关系
whom
表示所属关系，可转化为“whose＋名
the＋名词＋of＋which/whom
词”
(2)注意并列句和定语从句的区别
[辨析1]
①They live in a small house, in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.
②They live in a small house，and in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.
答案 ①which；②it [两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，设空处为引导词表示
物，故填which；句②and连接两个并列分句，设空处指代前面分句中的a small house，故填it。]
[辨析2]
①The old man has three sons，none of ____________ is a doctor.②The old man has three sons，but none of ____________ is a doctor.
答案 ①whom；②them [两句的区别是连词but，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，设空处为引导词表
示人，故填whom；句②but连接两个并列分句，设空处指代前面分句中的three sons，故填them。]
4.名词性从句：确定名词性从句的5方向
①That you didn’t know the rules won’t be an excuse for
方向1：不缺任何成分，且
your failure.
引导词无意义，常用that
引导名词性从句
②When the news came that the war broke out，he decided
to serve in the army.
方向2：不缺任何成分，且
引导词表示“是否”，常
①He asked her the question whether they can be friends.
用whether引导名词性从
句，其中if可以用于宾语
②I didn’t know whether/if he would attend the concert.
从句
①When you are reading，make a note of what you think is
方向3：缺少主/宾/表语，
of great importance.
用连接代词(which，
what，who等) ②When opportunity knocks，please answer the door.Don’t
keep asking who it is.
方向4：缺少状语，用连接 ①I have no idea when he will come back home.
副词(where，when，why，
②How we understand things has a lot to do with what we
how) 等 feel.
方向5：it作形式主语或形
①It is announced in today’s newspaper that the president
will pay a visit to China next week.
式宾语的名词性从句要牢
记 ②I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get－together.
【典例分析11】 (2020浙江7月卷)
Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57.____________ could be hunted or gathered from the
wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
答案 what [根据语法结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语，由于该宾语从句中缺少主语，同时
空处表示“……的事物”，故填what。]
【典例分析12】 (2020天津卷改编)
The student completed this experiment to make come true ____________ Professor Joseph had said.
答案 what [句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。此处需要用what引导
宾语从句。]
【典例分析13】 (2019全国卷Ⅰ)
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they
are rare north of 88°，there is evidence 61.____________ they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far
south as James Bay in Canada.
答案 that [本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当
成分，也无意义，故本空填连接代词that。]【典例分析14】 (2018全国卷Ⅲ)
I’m not sure 61.____________ is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of
nowhere.
答案 who [句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。
根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。]
【典例分析15】 (2018北京卷改编)
This is ____________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
答案 what [句意：这就是父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，并且抱最大的希望。分析句子结构可知，
空处引导表语从句，并在从句中作taught的宾语，故应用what。]
【典例分析16】 (2017北京卷改编)
Jane moved aimlessly down the tree－lined street，not knowing ____________ she was heading.
答案 where [句意：简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着，不知道去往哪里。分析句子结构可知，空
处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导宾语从句。]
5.状语从句：根据句意及固定句式定引导词
a.句意法确定状语从句引导词
(1)while/when/as/since引导的时间状语从句
(2)before/after引导的时间状语从句
(3)if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句
(4)though/although引导的让步状语从句
(5)when/where引导的时间、地点状语从句
When he knocked at the door，I was working at the table.
当他敲门时，我正在桌旁工作。
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
许多高楼在一年前还全是废墟的地方拔地而起。
She says that she’ll have to close the shop unless business improves.
她说她不得不关闭此商品，除非生意得到改善。
b.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词
(1)连词before的意义及句型
It will be＋一段时间＋before...表示“多久以后才……”
It won’t be＋一段时间＋before...表示“用不了多久就会……”
It won’t be long before we know the result of the experiment.
要不了多久我们就会知道试验的结果了。
(2)连词since的意义及句型It is some time (一段时间)＋since引导的时间状语从句
＝It has been some time (一段时间)＋since引导的时间状语从句。该固定句型意思是“自从……以来已经多
长时间了”
As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
据报道，清华大学建校已有一百多年了。
(3)whether...or (not)．..“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句
Whether you believe it or not，it’s true.
无论你是否相信，这都是真的。
【典例分析17】 (2020全国卷Ⅲ)
65．____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)
artist，they smiled and 66.pointed down the river.
答案 When/As [When/As在句中表示“当……时”。]
【典例分析18】 (2019天津卷改编)
Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ____________ he wants their support.
答案 unless [句意：汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。根据语境可
知，这里用从属连词unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。]
【典例分析19】 (2018北京卷改编)
____________ we don’t stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
答案 If [句意：如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动物和植物将会消失。故用if引导条件状
语从句。]
【典例分析20】 (2017北京卷改编)
If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people ____________ you
figure it out.
答案 until [句意：如果你不明白某件事情，你可以研究，学习，也可以与其他人谈谈，直到弄明白为
止。until“直到”，引导时间状语从句。]
【策略精讲】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most people dream of living in a big expensive house. But Tim Shea just wanted to find a place 1
could become his home.
This 70-year-old homeless man had spent several years living on the streets until he became the first resident
of a village filled 2 3D- printed little houses.Shea was chosen to be the first person 3 (move) into Community First Village , a 51- acre site in
Austin, Texas. The small houses in the village , like Shea’s 400-square-foot home, were built by the Austin-based
start-up company ICON.
Life wasn't easy for Shea before 4 (live) in Community First Village. He lived in an RV(野营车)
for most of his life. This made 5 (he) stay away from people. “ I think from my 6 (person)
experience of my former lifestyle, I developed a shell,” Shea said. “ I didn't feel secure(安心的)and any time I had
the opportunity，I would hide.”
Luckily, 7 (thing) changed when Shea got his new house. Since then, he has been meeting new
people and making friends. “Now everything I do 8 (be) just the opposite. I have many activities to do
every day with others,” Shea said.
The houses 9 (design) by ICON have six different layouts (布局). Shea chose a home with an open
floor. This way, 10 will be easier for him to use his wheelchair.
2
Meet Alexa, Your Digital Roommate
Who is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker” produced
by Amazon. This year Saint Louis University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in every dorm room 11
its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the football teams playing?” to
“What’s the square root of 1440?”
SLU student Brendan McGuire said: “Instead of searching on the Internet while I 12 (tap) away at
my computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular(分子的)weight of water? And I can
have the answer without 13 (interrupt) my process.” That’s exactly 14 school officials had in mind
when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.
“The students we attract 15 (drive) to achieve success in and out of the classroom,” David Hakanson,
SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for the information
online is another minute 16 (commit) to their education.’
Saint Louis University is the first in the U.S. 17 (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in every
campus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technology to students. This year
Northeastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places 18 students could get answers to
common questions.
At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the option of
adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in
a way 19 will build an ecosystem. 20 supports voice technologies throughout the ASU campus,”said Heredia, a director at ASU.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This summer, have you been surprised by women wearing hanfu, or Han-style clothing, at subway stations,
shopping malls or scenic areas?
In 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China set the 21 （three） day
of March in the Chinese lunar calendar, 22 （traditional） the birthday of the Yellow Emperor as the
annual Traditional Chinese Garment Day. Since then, 23 beauty of hanfu has gained more and more
recognition and acceptance by common people.
Generally, hanfu refers 24 traditional Chinese clothing worn by the Han ethnic(民族 的)group
before the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911). Historically, Han Chinese clothing has also influenced some of its
neighboring cultural clothing, 25 (include) the Japanese kimono, Korean hanbok, and clothing of
Mongolia, Vietnam and Bhutan.
Hanfu appears elegant and beautiful, 26 is not only due to the thousands of years of culture behind its
beautiful design, but also because of its extraordinary craftsmanship(工艺) 3nd aesthetics(美学).Hanfu includes
more than 30 27 (example) of China's intangible (非物质的)cultural heritage as well as Chinese arts and
crafts under 28 (preserve).
Hanfu 29 (represent) an aesthetic for living and a continuation of traditional Chinese culture.
Nowadays, more and more fashion designs look to hanfu for inspiration 30 (create) their own brand.
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式(每空至多3词)。
31 （see） from outer space, Earth is a blue planet, due to the fact that the ocean covers over 70 percent
of its surface. According to a new study published in the journal Science, the ocean plays a great role in 32
（slow）down global warming. It is “ 33 important buffer（缓冲物）”, 34 The New York Times put
it.
The oceans can absorb 93 percent of the heat trapped by the greenhouse gases 35 humans release
into the atmosphere. And the other 7 percent 36 （absorb)by the air, land and ice caps, according to the
Guardian.
“If the ocean wasn’t absorbing as much heat, the surface of the land would heat up much 37
（fast） than it is right now,” said professor Malin L. Pinsky at Rutgers University in the US. “In fact, the ocean
is saving us from rapid warming right now.”
However, the ocean itself, as Discover Magazine noted, is heating up 40 percent faster on average than theUnited Nations 38 （believe） five years ago. That means if the ocean temperatures increase 39
this speed, the high water temperatures “will kill off marine ecosystems, raise sea 40 (level) and make
hurricanes more destructive （破坏性的）”, the Guardian reported.
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 41 （grow）
more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 42 past 25 years, while rice
has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 43 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed
chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn
instead of rice 44 (improve) water quality. Corn uses 45 (little) water than rice and creates
less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 46 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and
reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 47 (globe)fertilizer
consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 48
(start) a soil-testing program 49 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011,
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon
dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 50 (feed) its citizens "offers useful
lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
6
This book is about 51 (die), but it is not pessimistic. Indeed, it was a pleasant surprise 52
(find) that this book is filled 53 joy and hope. Morrie's 54 (brave) towards the end of his life
is inspirational and has made me value my own life more. In fact, far from being a book about death, it's a book
about life. 55 Morrie says, “Once you learn how to die, you learn how 56 (live).” As Morrie
knows that he is soon going to die, he observes everything as if it is new. The things around him look even 57
(beautiful) than ever before and hold new 58 (mean). From his window, he watches each season
change, 59 (know) it could be his last. This encourages us to appreciate 60 we have, and
to make the most of each day.
7
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式(每空至多3词)。
The cave dwelling ( Yaodong in Chinese) in Xi’an , Shaanxi Province, is laid out in rows one atop the other,
looking like buildings of multiple floors in the distance . It is a sort of distinctive cave house 61(dig) into the mountains for dwelling of many laboring people on the Loess Plateau in northwest China.
A cave house is usually six meters deep and four meters wide. Stoneslabs (厚板) 62 (pile) up to
form a semicircle at the entrance, 63 is decorated with beautiful wood or metal windows in a 64
(vary) of styles. The types of the cave dwelling can be divided into the earth cave dwelling , brick cave dwelling
65 stone dwelling. For centuries, they have been regarded 66 the symbol of the peasants in
northern part of Shaanxi Province.
The beauty about the cave dwelling is 67 they help maintain local geography and save on
farmlands by 68 (make) use of space that would have been otherwise left unused . They are warm in
winter and cool in summer. The temperature inside is usually 13 degrees Celsius higher than in the open in winter
and 10 degrees Celsius 69 (low) in summer. Statistics show that 40 million people live in cave
dwellings that are scattered over an area of 600,000 square kilometers in 70 middle and upper reaches
of the Yellow River.
8
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Six weeks before his 97th birthday, Giuseppe Paternò fulfilled the dream of a lifetime: He 71 (get)
a university degree.
Mr. Paternò’s 72 (graduate) has inspired news reports around the world, partly because 73
his age. But he has also drawn attention because his life story speaks of commitment, a theme that has resonated
(产生共鸣) as millions of schoolchildren in Italy and elsewhere face extraordinary uncertainty during the
coronavirus pandemic.
Born in Palermo in 1923, the first of seven children in a “ very poor family ” , Mr. Paternò began working
soon after 74 (finish) elementary school. It was only after he retired, in the mid-1980s, that he returned
to his books.
“ His story proves that dreams can come true and that you can remain young — if not in age at least in spirit
— if you develop interests. ” said Rosella Cancila, his essay adviser and 75 professor of history at the
University of Palermo.
Italy’s university system is based on a three-year degree, 76 (follow) by a two-year master’s
course. University officials are hoping that Mr. Paternò 77 (continue) his studies.
He isn’t so sure. “ I have to admit that in this moment, I don’t know 78 I would handle it with the
same spirit. ” he said, noting that all the attention had been a bit tiring. Still, Mr. Paternò said, he would 79
(probable) register anyway. “ I want to keep my 80 (choice) open. ”
9阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Su Bingtian of China set a new Asian record when he clocked 9. 83 seconds in the men's 100-meter sprint
（短跑）semifinal at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics. Though he only ranked sixth in the final, he recorded a
81 （respect）9.98 seconds.0.18 seconds behind the winner Lamont Marcell Jacobs of Italy.
Besides 82 （set）the shortest time record for Asia, Su is also the first Chinese 83
（make）it to the men's 100-meter Olympic final. He has done remarkably well. Considering that at 32, he is
much older than his 84 （competitor）who are mostly in 85 （they）20s or even younger.
Also, his 172 centimeter height is not 86 one would call a dream height for a sprinter.
The spirit and motto of Olympics inspired Su 87 （true）, who continued even though most of
his teammates retire by the time they turn 28. Su and other athletes are further proof of China's arrival in sports.
When Chinese athlete Liu Changchun participated in the men's 100-meter and 200-meter events at the 1932 Los
Angeles Olympics, the entire Chinese team 88 （consist）of just 6 persons, and Liu had to rely 89
donation from local Chinese-Americans to pay for his return fare.
For the moment, the days have passed when China was 90 extremely weak sports country, and we
hope Chinese sportsmen realize more glorious achievements in the days to come.
10
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again proved its 91 (able) to change the world with the “new four great
inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. They’re related to
China’s high-tech innovation (创新), 92 has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a
survey 93 (make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,” said
94 university student, adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”.
The bikes 95 (them) are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing 96 (base) on
satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies.
China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in 97
(encourage) innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO Representative in China.
It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is especially true
in mobile, where China is leading 98 many ways such as…social messaging app WeChat, she said. This
is partly 99 China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobile. China has a 100
(large) mobile use than any other country in the world.
11阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was pushed into writing the “top ten problems the young face” after I attended a school programme, where I
had the opportunity to interact with many 101 (teenage). Each conversation was only adding one more
item to the list of problems.
About two 102 (three) of girls in year nine to year twelve “worry about their appearance” . While
there were no gender differences in worries about school, girls are 103 (anxiety) about getting along
with parents and what to do when they are older. Girls are 104 (prove) to worry more about personal
problems and romantic relationship, and are more 105 (concern) about their own images in peer group.
In fact, the only thing 106 boys worry about more than girls is succeeding in their physical activities.
107 parents need to do is to look at ways to help teens and take 108 (responsible) for
what we are exposing our teens to right now. We cannot afford 109 (ignore) the parental duties of
bringing them up well from the time they are young. Televisions, computers and other gadgets that they spend
most of the time 110 cannot give them a bright future.
12
Buy a Gift from History
Gift shops in museums used to be the last stop of each visit, where people would buy souvenirs for
themselves and their friends. But what happened last month when the British Museum opened its online store on
Chinese e-commerce website Tmall says otherwise.
Since its launch on July 1, the store has become so popular 111 some of its items have already sold
out. It’s even more interesting considering the fact 112 many of its customers in China have probably
never been to the museum before.
Perhaps French museum expert Diane Drubay made a good point when she said that gift shops have become
“a point of entry to the museum” 113 being the last place people go after a visit.
But you’re probably still wondering: 114 is it about museum gift shops that makes them so
different?
Each museum product 115 (contain) a small piece of history. For example, in the British Museum
store there are different kinds of sticky tape 116 (print) with patterns inspired by the famous Rosetta
Stone. Known as the “key to ancient Egyptian writing”, the stone 117 (discover) in 1799, and contains
an inscription(碑铭) that helped historians better understand some of the most mysterious Egyptian scripts.
And with the design 118 (evolve) over the years, museum products are no longer limited to
exhibition catalogs on the bookshelf or duplicates(复制品) of famous paintings to be hung on the wall. They now
mean items that we can put to use every day—glasses, jewelry, cushion covers— 119 means we’re ableto not only “own” a piece of history, but also hold it in our hands, wear it on our neck, or even sleep on it.
Indeed, museum shops are no longer just about selling things, as US museum store consultant Geoff Walsky
once told Gift Shop Magazine, “A great museum gift shop is an extension of the museum 120 .”
13
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
After eating a diet of bread, hamburgers and spaghetti for three 121 (month), I began to miss Chinese
food.Luckily, in 122 international city like New York, I have little difficulty 123 (find) a Chinese
restaurant.However, the Chinese food, which the locals consider 124 their favorite, is not exactly the
Chinese food I enjoy in Beijing.I can always find such so-called “Chinese food” as honey chicken on the menu,
125 I actually have never even heard of it before.
One day, I went to a Chinese restaurant with my local friends.After the meal, each of us 126 (give) a
dumpling-shaped cookie.Once I bit into it, I realized something not quite right.I found a piece of paper with a
message that read, “This fortune’s no good, try another.” At first I 127 (think) it must be a trick of the
restaurant.When I told this to my friends, they burst into 128 (laugh) and asked, “Are you really from
China?”
But it doesn’t mean there is no place in New York where I can satisfy my stomach.I always head to China
Town when I 129 (extreme) miss the food of my homeland.Following the hot and spicy smell, I can always
find the most typical(典型的) Chinese food 130 excites me in the city.
14
Hard Labour
When James returned from the hospital after the birth of his son, he was surprised to find a bottle of whisky
and some cans of beer on his doorstep. The mystery was soon solved. Under covid-19 rules, James was allowed
into the hospital 131 his partner Annie was due to give birth only once active labour had begun.
Thirty-six hours after 132 (admit)for an induction(生产), Annie found herself on a delivery ward
in the early hours of the morning desperately trying to wake up her sleeping husband by phone. When that failed,
she resorted to ordering a delivery from a local store in the hope 133 the doorbell would prove more
effective. In the event, he woke before the booze arrived.
James made it to the hospital on time and all went well. 134 have not been so lucky. “I’ve heard
real horror stories of what women have had to face alone, 135 it’s awful news at a scan or going
through a difficult birth 136 your partner there,” says Joeli Brearley of Pregnant Then Screwed, a
campaign group. As Britain locked down in March, hospitals limited the number of visitors allowed on their
premises(场所). Non-essential retail reopened in June, followed by pubs and restaurants in July, but tightrestrictions 137 (remain)in place so far limiting access to maternity services and post-birth visits by
new fathers. A petition(请愿书)calling for the rules 138 (loosen)across Britain has received over
440,000 signatures and the backing of 60 MPs.
The Royal College of Midwives, a trade union and professional body, acknowledges that “the support of a
partner during scans and labour is important”, but argues that restricting access to some services means that
“maternity teams 139 continue to deliver good-quality, safe care, protecting pregnant women and the
midwives who care for them.” Others are 140 (convinced). “It’s important to remember that the
vast majority of birth partners live with the woman giving birth,” says Jeremy Davies of the Fatherhood Institute,
a think-tank. Evidence suggests the presence of partners leads to better medical outcomes, partly because it
reduces stress and anxiety during birth.
