08 定语从句考查要点及应对策略
【考点精析】
考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词一览表
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(=of
人或物 定语
whom/of which)
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
1.限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。
If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it to you.
We cannot say none that we saw on TV were true.
(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。
That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.
When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water.
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
2.只用which不用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
Crusoe’s dog, which was very old, became ill and died.
3.引导非限制性定语从句的as与which
关系代词 位置不同 含义不同
引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句
as 意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用
前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中 see, know, expect, say, mention, report等
which 引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
As is known to all, great changes have taken place in China.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
考点2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词若是表示人,就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物,就只能用
which。 如:
Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?
注意：
在正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可缩写成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
She had some money in the bank, with which she could help her mother.
→She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.
考点3 关系副词引导的定语从句
定语从句中关系副词有when、where、why,代替前面的先行词,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原
因状语。
She remembered clearly that day when she’d gone exploring the rock pools.
This is the town where I was born.
I’m writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time.
关系副词when、where、why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?
考点4 定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化
如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语),则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去
分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样,分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。
谓语动词用主动语态的,用现在分词作定语;谓语动词用被动语态的,用过去分词作定语。 如:
We live in a house which/that faces the south.
→We live in a house facing the south.
The first textbooks that were written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
→The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
【特别提示】语法填空题考法
1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
2.关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则。
(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。
(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用
whom。
(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句中用
which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或
宾语,则用that或which。
(5)在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,如果先行词指人, 则关系代词用whom; 如果先行词指物, 则
用which。
【真题演练】
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live
within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ____________ lost his eyesight at
the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
3.(2022·全国甲卷)This special building is a place in ____________ theatre is made and where children, artists,
writers and anyone else have the opportunity(机会) to do creative things.
4.(2022·北京高考)PASS involves weekly sessions ____________ you work in groups to tackle specially
prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
5.(2022·浙江高考) Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but
growing minority of academics ____________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
6.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything
else ____________ is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
7.(2021·北京高考)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____________ happened during the day,
trying to link new experiences to old memories.
8.(2021·天津高考)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ____________
we can learn without repeating them.
9.(2021·天津高考)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ____________ artists demonstrate their
skills and teach the visitors.【考点精练】
一、完成句子
1. 在我的第一堂化学课上，我知道了这个事实：这种无色气体被称作氧气，没有它我们无法生存。
In my first chemistry class I knew the fact that this kind of colorless gas is called oxygen.
2. Never will I forget the incident happening last week, .(非限制性定语从句)
我永远不会忘记上周发生的那件事,那给我留下了深刻的印象。
3. 律师的人数约为40万，其中多为私人律师。
There are about 400,000 lawyers, are in private practice.
4. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed (科学家研究疾病的方式).
5. I thought my dad didn’t know a thing about being a good father.
曾经有一段时间我认为我的父亲不知道如何做一位好父亲。
6. 为了应对未来的问题，我们应该养成良好的工作习惯，提高生活技能。(定语从句)
, we should develop good working habits and improve our life skills.
7. 然而，有些社会背景不同的人最终结婚了并且非常幸福。
However, there are people of different social backgrounds end up getting married
and being extremely happy.
8. 我们不知道他们的关系为何破裂。
We don’t know they have broken up with each other.
9. I’m quite grateful to Miss Smith, _____________ I have improved my English greatly. (help)
我很感谢史密斯老师，在她的帮助下我的英语大大提高了。
10. 正像一次海上航行，我们有限的生命旅程充满了艰辛和惊喜。
Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, , is full of difficulties and surprises.
11. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louis, the blue water literally
with its exceptional beauty.
火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水美丽异常，摄人心魄。
12. 你陷入恐慌的原因是你还没有为可能发生的是做好准备。(复合句)
The reason you got into panic(恐慌)was would happen.
13. Yesterday I helped an old man .
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
14. Is this reason ( ) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(写出句子中被省略的
部分)
15. 有一段时期他每周锻炼三次以保持健康。
There was a time he three times a week to keep fit.16. This_____________________the two countries were at war.
这是在两国交战的时期。
17. 住在那里的人们仍然遵循他们的生活方式。(一句多译)
People still observe their way of life.
People still observe their way of life.
18. 他们只是谈论一些我觉得乏味的事情。
They only talked about things .
19. 这是中国被期望在很多全球事务上发挥更大作用的时期。(time)
China is expected to play a larger role in many global affairs.
20. Today, there are over 4,000 people in London such pieces of land.
现如今，伦敦有四千人正在等待租用这样的土地。
21. This means going back to the place we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. 这意
味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。
22. 科技永远在改变我们获取新闻的方式。
Technology is forever changing the way we get our news.
23. 我丢了那本红封面的书。
I lost the book is red.
24. This is the house .
这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。
25. Whichever and whatever you like, !
无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返！
26. 杭州是我去年夏天去的地方。
Hangzhou is the place .
27. 这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，还没结出任何果实。
These apple trees, three years ago, have not borne any fruit.
28. 句型：the way作先行词构成的定语从句
Of course, when new technology changes , it can be a scary prospect.
当然，当新科技改变我们的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。
29. 她意识到互联网的最大好处之一就是能够消除通常存在于人和人之间的距离感。
She realised that one of the greatest of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance usually
exists between people.
30. 村里有许多流言蜚语，这对双胞胎之间毫无共同之处。
There are many rumors in the village about the twins in with eachother.
31. The reason is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
32. 这所房子属于王林的一个朋友。
The man is a friend of Wang Lin’s.
33. 在手机上花太多时间是有害的，这使得集中注意力变得非常困难。（定语从句，it）
Spending too much time on cellphone is harmful, to concentrate on what you are doing.
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
34. I am a Chinese student named Li Hua, is studying in London during the summer vacation.
35. The award was given to Sara， short story impressed the judges.
36. After graduating from university, I’d like to find a job _______ I can use what I have learnt at school.
37. I still remember the earthquake happened in 2019 in Yibin, Sichuan.
38. He liked the country and noted down every interesting thing he had found.
39. A tank is a large military vehicle is equipped with weapons and moves along on metal tracks.
40. She discovered Artemisinin（青蒿素）, a drug has significantly reduced the death rates for
patients suffering from malaria. “Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine.
41. Ray practices child-centered play therapy, she follows the child’s lead while witnessing and
narrating.
42. is often the case, teenagers are fond of popular things.
43. Is there a bookstore around I can buy an English- Chinese dictionary?
44. The beautiful island is a place attracts many people to go to travel.
45. Life is like a long race (在这场长跑中，我们和……竞争) others to go beyond ourselves.
46. He is the only one of the three has got the new idea.
47. Happiness and success often come to someone is good at recognizing their own strengths.
48. It is said that a team is made up of five people will be sent there.
49. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
50. While flying through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by gu – zheng, is a
traditional Chinese musical instrument.
51. The Bermuda Triangle is an area in the Atlantic Ocean in hundreds of boats and planes have
strangely disappeared.
52. I will never forget the day on I first saw him.
53. Henry told me that there was a time he stayed up every night going over his lessons.
54. I highly recommend the film The King’s Speech, King George Ⅵ succeeds in the end.55. The great pianist performed in the centre of the stage，at command the keys were producing
wonderful tunes（曲调）.
56. This is the best factory produces famous bikes.
57. I will never forget the day we spent together.
58. The man looks like the singer songs I have heard on TV.
59. She created a charity in memory of her grandmother, passed away from Alzheimer's disease.
60. Some pre-school children go to a daycare center, they learn simple games and songs
61. Her father, has a lot of money,wishes her to study abroad.
62. This is the girl __________ English is the best in our class.
63. Don’t talk about such things you are not sure of.
三、单项选择
64. Tomorrow we'll pay a visit to a museum, next to _______ is a nice restaurant where we can have Italian food.
A. that B. this C. it D. which
65. It is in the city you are going to pay a visit to this kind of beer is produced.
A. /…where B. where…that
C. /…that D. that…which
66. He has been busy with his work the whole day, _____ has made his girlfriend unhappy.
A. which B. it C. that D. what
67. The only thing ______ many of the papers pay their attention is the issue of decreasing tax for those low-
income families.
A. which B. that C. on which D. to which
68. As President, he appointed men to high government positions ________ he considered most capable,
________ some of them openly defied his authority.
A. which … as though B. / … though
C. which … even if D. whom … as though
69. Obviously he had set up a situation _____ he didn’t have to blame, or even recognize, his own shyness.
A. where B. which C. that D. Whom
70. After a while, he realized that he was in a situation _________ he was _________.
A. where; made use B. that; made use of
C. in which; made use of D. which; made use
71. ________ is often the case, we come up with a perfect idea together to solve the problem.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
72. I can think of many cases _____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’twrite a good essay.
A. that B. in that C. of which D. where
73. This is ________ I wanted.
A. the one what B. which C. one which D. the one
74. The man took out a knife and made a mark ____ his sword was dropped, confusing the passengers on board.
A. from where B. what C. on which D. where
75. We’re in a stage ________ it’s still too early to say who will win the most votes and become the new
President.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
76. My new partner is a pretty girl ________ name is Diane.
A. her B. she
C. its D. whose
77. I’m visiting the school ______ my mother taught English ten years ago.
A. that B. what
C. why D. where
78. The young scientist has made such great achievements in his chosen field ______ nobody else can make.
A. that B. what C. which D. as
79. The advice columnist is very happy now, for Jane just called to tell him that his advice ____very well,_____
hadn’t been expected.
A. worked out; which B. went on; as
C. turned out; that D. worked out; who
80. The reason I am now dissatisfied is I don’t have a clear appreciation of the past.
A. that; what B. why; that C. why; what D. that; that
81. That is the only place ____ we can visit next month .
A. where B. that C. which D. to which
82. A 13-year-old boy _____Sheng Yibo, was reported _____ toTsinghua Univeristy, ____ many people.
A. named; to have been admitted; which surprised
B. naming; being admitted; surprising
C. named; to be admitted; surprised
D. named; admitted; as surprised
83. The teachers are discussing the plan_____they would like to see_____next year.
A. what, carry out B. that, to carry out C. what, carrying out D. that, carried out84. Our school holds seminars for students at regular intervals ______ the potential of their future is explored.
A. when B. where C. that D. who
85. These are among the 669 children, most of ________ are Jewish coming from different families.
A. whom B. which C. who D. that
86. John got beaten by his opponent in the game, ________ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
87. He talked about the teachers and schools ________ he had visited.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
88. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone________ weekends needs some excitement.
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
89. In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations ________ would bring
about positive emotions.
A. where B. why C. whose D. which
90. After a long and difficult journey, the monarch butterflies eventually reached the places ______ they would
spend the winter.
A. why B. which C. where D. when
91. Opposite is a park, ________you can hear some lovely music.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
92. This is true of France, Germany and Spain, ___________ respect for teachers is considered very important.
A. where B. whose C. which D. when
93. Recently some hospitals in China have adopted ______ they call a robot-doctor, ______ will be used to
operate on patients with more accuracy.
A. what; that B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; what
94. The reason ________ he was sleepy in class was ________ he stayed up last night.
A. that, that B. why, how C. which, whether D. why, that
95. As is expected, AI is an area _______ China may appear as a leading force.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
96. Do you know the time ________we will have a meeting tomorrow？
A. which B. when
C. on which D. where
97. After a while, she apologized for the way ______ she behaved at the beginning.A. that B. where C. which D. on which
四、语法填空
98. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， she opened
with her late husband Les.
99. They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
100. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.
101. The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
102. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10
minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
103. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing
program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7
million tons.
104. Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize
how cheap it can be to eat out.
105. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
106. But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as
well as beauty.
107. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was
spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
108. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first
Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
109. The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
110. It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets
and pretty cottages.
111. Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
112. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
113. The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
114. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.
115. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want
to learn about China.
116. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of
the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.117. Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.
118. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
119. A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
120. We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.
121. Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
122. Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.
