09 定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导
定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从
句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
先行 从句成
关系词 例 句 备 注
词 分
Do you know the man who is talking
who 人 主语
with your mother?
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I
am working
whom 人 宾语
The boy (whom) she loved died in the
war..
I like those books whose topics are whom, which 和 that 在
人或 about history. 从句中做宾语时，常
whose 定语
物 可以省略，但介词提
The boy whose father works abroad is
关 前时后面关系代词不
my deskmate.
系 能省略，也不可以用
代 A plane is a machine that can fly. that
人或 主语，
词
that
She is the pop star (that) I want to see
物 宾语
very much.
The book (which) I gave you was
worth $10.
主语，
which 物
宾语
The picture which was about the
accident was terrible.
He is such a person as is respected by
人或 主语，
as all of us. as做宾语一般不省略
物 宾语
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
时间状 I will never forget the day when we
when 时间 可用on which
语 met there.
关
系 地点状
where 地点 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
副 语
词
原因状 I can’t imagine the reason why he
why 原因 可用for which
语 turned down my offer.
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别
情 况 用法说明 例 句
1. 先 行 词 为 all, everything, 1.He told me everything that he knows.
anything, nothing, little, much,等
只用that的
不定代词时
情况
2.All the books that you offered has been
2.先行词被 all, any, every, each,
given out.much, little, no, some, few等修饰
时
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词
4.We talked about the persons and things that
修饰时
we remembered.
4.先行词既指人又指物时
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
5.先行词被 the only, the very 修饰
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
时
6.句中已经有who或which时，为
了避免重复时
1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用
which指代物，用who/whom指人
1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的 further study.
定语从句中，只能用 which 指
只用which,
物，whom指人。
who, whom 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is
的情况 3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用 talking.
which, 先行词为 those, one, he 时
多用who。
3.Those who respect others are usually
respected by others.
III. as、which和that的区别
从句 区 别 例 句
He is not such a fool as he looks.
限制性 名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰
Don’t read such books as you can’t
定语从句中
时，关系代词用as,不能用which
understand.
as和which都可以指代前面整个 They won the game, as we had expected.
主句。如果有“正如，象”的含
They won the game, which we hadn’t
非限制性
义，并可以放在主句前，也可以
expected.
定语从句中 放在后面，那么用 as；而 which
引导的从句只能放主句后，并无 As is well known, he is a famous film star in
“正如”的意思。 the 1980s.
the same... as That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同
和 the same... as指同类事物 类工具，不是同一把）
the the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool that I used last week.那
same ...that 就是我上周用过的工具。
注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
IV.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别
类 别 区 别 例 句
定语从句 定语从句与并列句的主要区 ①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an
别在于：并列句有像 and，
与
engineer．
but，so等并列连词或两个句②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a
dancer．
子用分号连接，这时就不能
并列句 再用引导定语从句的关系词 从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom；
了。
②小题有并列连词 but，是并列句，故填代词
them。
This is the place where we used to live a few years
ago.
这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行
定语从句的前面有名词作先
词为the place）
行词，而状语从句没有先行
词。
Let’s go where we can find a better job.
我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状
语从句）
Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知
定语从句修饰、限制、说明
道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）
名词，只能放在先行词的后
It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
面，而状语从句说明动作发
生的情况，并且可以放在主
=When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.
句的前面。
当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）
定语从句
This is the factory in which (where) his father once
与
worked.
When, where和why在引导定
状语从句
语从句时可以用“介词＋ 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语
which”的结构来替换，在引 从句）
导状语从句时却不行。
Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。
（状语从句）
It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们
大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。
定语从句中的关系词在从句
（as 用作动词 like 的宾语，它引导的是定语从
中充当某种句子成分，因此
句）
去掉它则从句成分不完整；
而结果状语从句中的连接词 It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
在从句中不作任何成分，去
它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。
掉后从句的成分仍然完整。
（that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从
句）
定语从句在复合句中相当于
The news that she had passed the exam made her
形容词，对先行词起修饰、
parents very happy.
定语从句 描述或限制的作用，与先行
词之间有从属关系。同位语 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语
与
的作用相当于名词，对前面 从句）
同位语从 的名词给予补充说明或进一
此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed
句 步解释，是前面名词的具体
the exam
内容,与先行词之间是同位关
系。 可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passedthe exam.
The news that he told us interested all of us.
他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从
句）
The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改
写为：The news is that he told us.
强调句的结构为“It is／was ①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang
＋ 被 强 调 部 分 ＋ that ＋ 从 Wei at the airport．
句”。被强调部分可以是除
定语从句 ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works．
谓语以外的任何成分，当被
与 强调部分是人时，还可用 从结构上看：
who代替that。这一句型中，
强调句 ①小题是强调句，故填 that。
一定不能因为被强调部分是
表时间或地点的词就用 when ②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知 the
或where代替 that。 factory前差个介词in，故填 where。
易混知识
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
区别点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果从句只是对主句的附加说明，如果省
的关系 省去，主句意思不完整。 去，主句意思不受影响。
标点 从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。 从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。
关系代词（that／which／whom）作宾关系代词作宾语不能省略；不能用that
关系词
语时可以省略。 引导。
从句可修饰主句中的名词或代词，还可
先行词 从句只修饰主句中的名词或代词。
修饰主句中的一部分或整个主句。
易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆
（1）定语从句与并列句的混淆。
判断句子是定语从句还是并列句，关键看题干中第二个句子前是否有and，but等并列连词或
分号等。如果有，则为并列句；反之则为定语从句。
例如：怀特先生有三个儿子，他们都很勇敢。
Mr. White has three sons, all of whom are brave.（定语从句）
Mr. White has three sons, and all of them are brave.（并列句）Mr.White has three sons; all of them are brave.（并列句）
此句还可表达为：Mr.White has three sons，all of them brave.（all of them brave 为独立主格结
构）
（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句与what引导的主语从句以及it作形式主语时的主语从句的
混淆。
①as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首时，其后用逗号与主句隔开，as在从句中作成分。
②what引导主语从句时既作成分又起连接作用。
③it在句中只作形式主语。
例如：众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
As is known to us all, China is a developing country.（As引导非限制性定语从句）
What is known to us all is that China is a developing country.（What引导主语从句）
It is known to us all that China is a developing country.（It作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的
主语）
易混3 way和time后的定语从句的关系词
（1）如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少方式状
语，则从句可用in which或that引导，关系词也可省略；如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，
则用which或that引导该从句。若关系词在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。
Please tell me the way (in which/that) you worked out the math problems.请告诉我你解出这几道数
学题的方法。
I think the way (that/which) he told me is the best.我认为他告诉我的那个方法是最好的。
（2）若 time 表示“一段时间”，且关系词在从句中作状语，则关系词用 when 或“at／
during＋which”；当time作“次数”讲时，关系词用that，也可省略。
There was a time when/during which we lived in Beijing.有一段时间我们住在北京。
I could hardly remember how many times （that） I’ve failed.我几乎记不清已经失败过多少次
了。
巩固练习：
单句填空A组
1.I will run through the most common questions_____________ are often asked by people.
2.Over the past 40 years, Du Dejian has received numerous visitors at the library __________he
established in his home in Zhangfang village of Yongji,Shanxi Province.3.The number of smokers,___________is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
4. Much of the early tea in China was grown on small farms and plantations, many of
_________were tended by Buddhist monks.
5.The idea has quickly spread to Europe in___________ special courses are now offered to children
who are from 7 to 24 months old.
6.The root of the carnival dates back to 1833___________slavery was abolished.
7.We attended the meeting in the school lecture hall last night,____________seats more than 300
students.
8.There are many reasons__________ English is so widely used around the world in the fields of
science,business, and more.
9.A father,__________son was 16 years old, was worried because his son had no courage at all.
10. The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places ____________rain falls throughout the
year.
单句填空 B组
1.My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat anything__________I want simply with a tap on
my phone.
2. The liquid oxygen needed to fuel the flight is also needed in hospitals,_________doctors use to
keep dangerously sick patients alive.
3. _____________the expert says, the taste of the food depends on whom you're eating with-caring
family members, intimate friends, or just by yourself as you stay all alone, enjoying this quiet
moment.
4.DIT refers to the number of calories the body expends when heating itself and digesting food. It
was shown to be higher for those ______________ate more at breakfast than at dinner.
5. Humans like to live and work in groups. Language is the“cement”（接合剂）____________
holds these groups together.
6.This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration
mission,_________represents a milestone for China's move toward deep space.
7.In fact, tango raised a few eyebrows among the conservative members of society,
__________found it a little too shocking.
8.Basically, baking is a creative activity ___________you can imagine a happy moment in the future.9. Another idea from social psychology is that people like to listen to the very music ________shows
their present life circumstances.
10.The woman ____________treated my child is an outstanding doctor.
语法填空
Woodblock printing is an ancient printing technique that boosted human civilization. As
Buddhism gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, a strong need 1________(arise) to produce
numerous Buddhist scriptures （经书），and copying by hand could not meet 2_________ rising
demand. Ancient Chinese craftsmen thus invented woodblock printing for mass production,
3____________ (mark) a major turning point in printing history.
There are four steps involved in 4__________(tradition) woodblock printing, with each step
subdivided into several procedures. 5_____________ lies at the center of the technique is carving.
Characters and images 6____________ (carve) to produce raised areas or lines that will eventually
apply ink to paper.
A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra, 7 _____________(make) in 868, is
the “earliest dated woodblock printed book” in the words of the British Library 8 ____________it is
stored. It is just one example of ancient works of art that not only tell the wisdom of our ancestors,
but also demonstrate the 9___________ (pursue) of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout
centuries.
The invention of writing gave life 10_____________ great thoughts, but it is the invention of
printing that made knowledge a shareable fruit for all humankind.
