专题01细节题（学生版）_英语(2)_专项复习_2025年_2025年高考复习完形填空最新模拟精讲精练_52025届阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练（全国通用）

专题 01 细节题（原卷版）
目录
Part 1 技巧导图..........................................................................................................................................................2
Part 2 细节题选项特征..............................................................................................................................................3
Part 3 知识详解..........................................................................................................................................................4
Part 4 定位词的寻找技巧..........................................................................................................................................5
Part 5 高频同义替换词..............................................................................................................................................7
Part 6 细节题解题秘籍............................................................................................................................................10
Part 7高考真题再现.................................................................................................................................................15
2023年2月四省联考........................................................................................................................................15
2023年1月浙江卷...........................................................................................................................................20
2022年6月新高考1卷....................................................................................................................................23
2022年6月新高考2卷....................................................................................................................................26
2022年6月全国甲卷........................................................................................................................................30
2022年6月全国乙卷........................................................................................................................................34
2022年6月北京卷...........................................................................................................................................39
2022年6月浙江卷...........................................................................................................................................43
2022年1月浙江卷...........................................................................................................................................45
2021年6月北京卷...........................................................................................................................................48
2021年6月天津卷...........................................................................................................................................51
2021年6月新高考1卷....................................................................................................................................56
2021年6月新高考2卷....................................................................................................................................60
2021年6月全国甲卷........................................................................................................................................64
2021年6月全国乙卷........................................................................................................................................67
2021年6月浙江卷...........................................................................................................................................71
2021年3月天津卷...........................................................................................................................................74
2021年1月八省联考........................................................................................................................................80
2021年1月浙江卷...........................................................................................................................................842020年全国1卷...............................................................................................................................................87
2020年北京卷...................................................................................................................................................93
2020年全国2卷.............................................................................................................................................100
2020全国3......................................................................................................................................................107
2020.7浙江......................................................................................................................................................115
2020.5天津......................................................................................................................................................119
2020.7天津......................................................................................................................................................128
2020.1浙江......................................................................................................................................................136
2020江苏.........................................................................................................................................................141
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）................................................................................................................149
2020年海南.....................................................................................................................................................156
2019.1上海......................................................................................................................................................163
2019.3天津......................................................................................................................................................164
2019江苏.........................................................................................................................................................169
2019全国1......................................................................................................................................................174
2019全国2......................................................................................................................................................177
2019全国3......................................................................................................................................................180
2019北京卷.....................................................................................................................................................184
2019浙江.........................................................................................................................................................188
2019.6天津......................................................................................................................................................191
2019.6上海......................................................................................................................................................197
Part 1 技巧导图Part 2 细节题选项特征
(一)细节理解题正确选项特征
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成了be out of
同义替换 work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of
importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。
(二)细节理解题干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。
Part 3 知识详解
设问方式和考题类型
一、设问方式
常针对文中细节提问，可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
1. 是非题形式：true/ false或except?
All of the following are true EXCEPT _____.
2.特殊疑问句形式：
According to the passage, who/ what/ when/ where / why / how…
3.填空题形式，如：
To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_____
二、题目类型
1.Wh-细节型
2.是非型
3.计算型
4.排序型
5.图标型Part 4 定位词的寻找技巧
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在
一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，
Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they’re close to a
solution(解决方案).“We don’t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says
Florence Gold，a project manager.
33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B.To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D.To link space technology with school education.
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考
的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选
是名词，其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt
offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good
Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home，
preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11.
25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.
C.He assists her in cooking matters.
D.He invites guest families for her.
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就
失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定
位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建
议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才
能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
Duration：3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of
Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they
blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
Part 5 高频同义替换词
★高频动词：Conduct=carry out Reject=refuse=turn down=decline
Please=amuse=entertain Receive=accept
Improve=promote See=observe=notice=spot
Guarantee=ensure Search=explore
Document=record Connect=link=relate=associate
Preserve=protect Explode=blow out
Ruin=destroy=damage=violate Discourage=frustrate
Declare=announce=inform Accompany=keep sb. Company
Divide=separate=part with rent=hire
complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve Prove=turn out
Delay=put off=postpone Remove=get rid of
Give=supply=provide=offer Admire=appreciate
Ignore=turn one’s back to Possess=own
Overuse=abuse Decide=determine=resolve to do
encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur Get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
★高频名词：
Data=statistics Creation=innovation
Novel=fiction Comment=remark=review(make a comment on)
Feature=characteristics Achievement=recognition
Career=occupation Option=choice=selection
Manners=etiquette Material=resource
Gratitude=appreciation Luggage=baggage=package
Experiement=trial Rule=regulation=principle
Personality=character Direction=discipline=guideline
Stress=pressure Colleague=coworker
Origin=pioneer Essay=passage=article=text
Circumstance=environment=atmosphere Approach=way=method=means
Opportunity=chance★高频形容词、副词：
Delicious=tasty
Attentive=focused
Original=initial
Final=eventual
Obvious=evident=Striking
Accurate=exact
Outstanding=brilliant=excellent=fascinating=remarkable=distinctive
Authentic=true=genuine
Thrilling=frightening
Thrilled=excited
Average=ordinary=common=universal
Time-honored=has a long history
Dull=boring
Daring=brave
Extra=additional
Glad=pleased=delighted
Touched=moved
Be Important=significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary
Accessible=available=at hand
Appropriate=proper=suitable
Appealing=attractive
Immediately=quickly=at once=in time=hurriedly(hurry)
Rarely=hardly=seldom
Approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically
Complex=complicated
Safe=secure
★高频短语：
Ahead of time=in advance=previous
Places of interest=tourist attraction
Result in=lead to=contribute toBe accustomed to=be used to doing
Meet/satisfy/fulfill one’s demand/requirement/need
Prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from
Join in=take part in=participate in=be involved in=be engaged in
Get ready for=be prepared for
Focus on =concentrate on
Transform A into B=Turn A into B
In the long term=in the long run
In...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point
Hold on to=insist
Take action=take measures=take steps to
Keep in touch with=contact
In some respect=to some degree=at some point
Deal with=cope with=handle with=address
At the same time=meanwhile
On the spot=on the scene
Make efforts to =try to=do all/everything one can to..=go out of one’s way to do
Be proud of=take pride in
As a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth
Head into=leave for
Arrive at=reach=get to=approach
In spite of=despite
From one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
Try doing=attempt to
Be filled with=be charged with=be full of
Prefer to do A rather than do B
Prefer A to B
Prefer doing A to doing B
Run into=come across
Take the place of=replace
Come into effect=put...into practice/use
From time to time=once in a whileBe caught in=be trapped in
Consist of =be made up of
For a moment=for a while
Go on=continue
A collection of =a series of
Figure out=find out
Bright up=light up
Roll around=turn up
Give...a lecture=deliver a speech
Draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention=raise one’s awareness
Be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for
In favor of=favorable
Part 6 细节题解题秘籍
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括
和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则——“本本主义”，一切从原文出发，
无须读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。可以用两步
法解题。
一．直接信息题
考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取
关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、
语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在
准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下：做题小技巧：
1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。
2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，
递进，因果等关系。
3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项
4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no,
completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。
5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might,
most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。
6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提
及.
例子1
…
I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked.
Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother
was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used
when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about
becoming a doctor)．…
33．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A．Saving up for her holiday.
B．Raising money for a poor girl.
C．Adding the money to her fund.
D．Giving the money to a sick mother.
二．间接信息题
相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生
将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
例子2…
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries
contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly
high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids
we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?
However, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24．What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A．They contain protein.
B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.
D．They are rich in antioxidants.三．概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选
项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言
去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答
案。
例子3…
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The
general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones
have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa
2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The
median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by
fewer people than that.
…
30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.
C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.
四．正误判断题是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一
句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到
每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。
例子4
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only
people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange
and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their
cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道)．Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton
cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden
ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival — The Hottest Festival on Earth
Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far
away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy (辛
辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery
Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate-
covered habanero pepper — officially the hottest pepper in the world — or any one of the thousands of products
that are on show. But one thing's for sure — if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for
you!
La Tomatina — The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Buñol hosts La Tomatina — the world's largest
food fight. A weeklong celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The
early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes — official fightstarters get things going by casting
tomatoes at the crowd.
…
59．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B．More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C．Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D．An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.Part 7
高考真题再现
2023 年 2 月四省联考
A
Family-Friendly Events in January
ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19
The Phoenix Zoo’s yearly holiday light show is on until Jan. 19, allowing families one or more opportunities
to enjoy the city’s zoo, with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities.
Glow Wild, 455 N. Galvin Pkwy. , Phoenix, phoenixzoo.org, $11. 95 members, $13. 95 general admission.
Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4-18
The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including
those who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art, photography and gifts.
On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa, dtmesafest.com, free admission.
Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4
OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard,
featuring real snow for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games,
snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings
for sale at the event.
9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scottsdale, odyseainthedesert.com, free.
Youth Fine Arts Course Jan. 18-Mar. 7
Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and
knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing,
mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all.Mesa Art Center, 1 E. Main St. , Mesa, mesaartscenter.com, $93.
1. How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show?
A. Bring a friend. B. Get a membership.
C. Join a tour group. D. Book a ticket online.
2. What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest?
A. Have free food. B. Enjoy real snow.
C. Take art classes. D. Meet local artists.
3. Which event lasts the longest?
A. ZooLights:Glow Wild.
B. Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts.
C. Family Fun Winterfest.
D. Youth Fine Arts Courses.
B
As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world
a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian
father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and
activities for children. Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich
farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its
tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75
percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring
large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment
and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals.
In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme
named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural
areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of
desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.”
By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers
recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protectTunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend
the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
4. How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her?
A. They made her decide to leave the country.
B. They helped her better understand her father.
C. They fired her enthusiasm for helping others.
D. They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.
5. What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland?
A. Low rainfall. B. Soil pollution.
C. Cold weather. D. Forest damage.
C
For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the
migration (迁徙)patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶). The route the butterflies travel has been
hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarchs tagged (打标签)by a
researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is
unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out- until he got a
phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences.
So James began working with prisoners to raise monarchs through the whole process of their transformation. The
adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years, nearly 10, 000 monarchs flew from the
facility. Elsewhere in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, researchers released another few thousand.
The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving
messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California.
Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro
Bay.
The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to
the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. “They
were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies, ”James says. Watching the monarch change their
form also touched the men. “This butterfly changed, ” James recalls prisoners telling him, “and maybe we can too.”
8. What was hard for David to do in his study?
A. Gain financial support. B. Hire qualified workers.
C. Build a new laboratory. D. Find enough monarchs.
10. What makes the prisoners feel that they can change?
A. The patience the butterflies showed.
B. The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C. The transformation of the butterflies.
D. The devotion of James to the butterflies.
11. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. The impact of the research.
B. The findings of James’ study.
C. The release of the prisoners.
D. The life cycle of the butterflies.
D
We all know that unpleasant feeling when we’re talking about something interesting and halfway through our
sentence we’re interrupted. But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according
to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.
Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5, 000 American English speakers to better
understand what affects people’s perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then
answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying
to interrupt.
Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct
groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of
silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it
rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.
The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two
people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high
intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were
not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking
turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时) chat as a rude interruption,regardless of what the speakers were saying.
“People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall
communication,” Hilton said. “Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how
humans interact with each other.”
13. What do participants of the study need to do?
A. Record an audio clip. B. Answer some questions.
C. Listen to one another. D. Have a chat with a friend.
2023 年 1 月浙江卷
A
Explorers Camp
•Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
•Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
•Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
•Fees: $365 per week.
•The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class
engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class
engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should
bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Content
Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every! class, and focuses on
a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created
with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp StaffCampers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are
passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
21. On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund?
A. June 12. B. June 22. C. July 19. D. July 26.
22. How are campers divided into different groups?
A. By gender. B. By nationality. C. By interest. D. By age.
23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week?
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public
debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they
mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in
society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.30. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown
rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a
lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be
installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought
to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do?A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
2022 年 6 月新高考 1 卷
A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay
2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will
be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or
tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to
take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or
short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not
turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will geta zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
B
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
D
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-
year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
2022 年 6 月新高考 2 卷
A
Children’s Discovery Museum
General Information about Group Play
Pricing
Group Play $7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a
post-visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must be
received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an
extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call todiscuss options.
Hours
The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm.
Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.
Registration Policy
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.
Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options.
Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business
days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.
●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.
●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.
1. What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship?
A. Prepay the admission fees. B. Use the Museum’s transportation.
C. Take a survey after the visit. D. Schedule their visit on weekdays.
2. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
3. What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum?
A. Using the computer. B. Talking with each other.
C. Touching the exhibits. D. Exploring the place alone.
B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t
even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked thepage even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
5. Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
6. What does the author think of himself?
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
7. What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
C
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried
a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back toan old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most
people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start
even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become
dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to
the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser,
getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were
otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of
nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-
intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second
group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And
the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot
more blood during exercise. ” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he
says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still hasflexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all. ”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great
start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which
aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
14. What does Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
2022 年 6 月全国甲卷
A
Theatres and Entertainment
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s
entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh
Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films
and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences
and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for
the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman CymruSherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a
place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to
do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family
shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100
years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is
Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
21. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.
C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall.
22. What can people do at the Glee Club?
A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies.
C. See family shows. D. Do creative things.
23. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre?
A. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B. www.shermancymru.co.uk
C. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D. www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
B
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that ashape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual
clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
C
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’tnervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
D
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor.
Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb
beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went
our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not
fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are
increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she
said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict thatwe aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me.
“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
2022 年 6 月全国乙卷
A
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir
Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of
his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in
the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
DUNCAN THOMSON JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the
Raeburn’s Portraits 18th Century
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday— Saturday 10.00 — 17.45 Sunday 12.00 — 17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24 — 26 December and 1 January.
Admission
£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including
those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A. £4. B. £8. C. £12. D. £16.
23. How can full-time students get group discounts?
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
B
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:
The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and
Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
26. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
C
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
30. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
.
C To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
D
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制
造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.,
However some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to
have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
.
A To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
2022 年 6 月北京卷
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students
enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based
around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key
points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That
way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a
new session is to be held.When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list.
If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near
future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on
the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you
have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
21. In PASS, students ________.
A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules
C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems
22. What can students do if a session is full?
A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list.
C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list.
23. Students will be deregistered if ________.
A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively
C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row
B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do
anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that
faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which
obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation
not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a
pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-
on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that
this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and
more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth
for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit tocompleting the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect
nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 )
this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so
many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every
opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our
action.
24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
C
“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her
students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—
and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to
scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known
as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires
considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those
things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems
thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need
to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they
need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良
)people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals infood has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common
diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of
at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known.This shows that we have some way to travel
before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts
of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal
power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such
power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems
approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their
direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results,
but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
29. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A. The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B. The relationships among players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
D
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on
how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had
exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone
who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies
have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is
the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.
“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, thepublic and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
2022 年 6 月浙江卷
A
Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch
was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a
school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale
skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the
students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would
pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately,between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind
forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much
like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-
speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to
converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in
Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be
fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse
population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This
work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the
streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.
1. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn?
A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn.
C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different.
B
All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds
and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are
appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to
nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small
packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went
on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching
Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the
process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban
areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing
disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together andwithout chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种).
This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they
attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding,
remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those
living locally.
6. What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?
A. They are small in size. B. They are thickly planted.
C. They are foreign species. D. They are heavily fertilised.
2022 年 1 月浙江卷
A篇
For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was
born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she
had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One
day,while driving near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sister
in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth
to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust . It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with
transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father,she says.He moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old,because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high
school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast,away from her parents,where she enjoyed a
life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax.She doesn't work insummer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning.As autumn comes,she
gets restless the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alone,though.Merebeth says,"When I'm
on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help
animals."
21.Why did Merebeth change her job?
A.She wanted to work near her home. B.She was tired of working in the office.
C.Her sister asked her to move to Denver. D.Her former employer was out of business.
23.What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A.She has chances to see rare animals. B.She works hard throughout the year.
C.She relies on herself the whole time. D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
B
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology,and the lifeblood of that technology
has long been electricity.By providing long-distance communication and energy,electricity created the modern
world.Yet properly understood,the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a
century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions."writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers:Steam,Electricity,and the Men Who Invented Modern America.Klein,a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative(叙述) so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland,where Watt perfected"the machine that
changed the world".Klein writes,“America did not invent the steam engine,but once they grasped
its possibility they put it to more uses than anyone else.”
Meanwhile,over the course of 19th century,electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulb(白炽灯泡) that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly,Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification,which he showed in New York
City.With help from Tesla,Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current（交流电）,which
soon became the major form of power delivery.
To frame his story,Klein creates the character of Ned,a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrativeinto an interesting one.
24.What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A. It is closely linked to the steam age. B.It began earlier than people thought.
C. It is a little-studied period of history. D.It will come to an end sooner or later.
C篇
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever-growing
list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to
develop dementia（失智症）in later life-and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr.Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden,said:“These findings are
exciting because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular（心血管的）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”
For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to
measure their peak（最大值的）cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher. While 92
women were in the medium fitness category; A total of 59 were of low fitness level ,with a peak workload of 80
watts or less,or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During that time,44 of
the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia,compared to 25 percent
of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However,this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association.said Horder. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on
the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important." She also
admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied,all of whom were from Sweden,so the results might
not be applicable to other groups.
27.What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.Positive effects of doing exercises. B.Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C.Experimental studies on dementia. D.Advantages of sporty women over men.
28.Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise?
A.To predict their maximum heart rate. B.To assess their cardiovascular capacity.C.To change their habit of working out. D.To detect their potential health problems.
2021 年 6 月北京卷
A篇
If you are planning to start a career in the field of education, science, or culture, then an internship
（实习）at UNESCO will be ideal for you.
Who can apply?
●You have completed your full-time university studies; or
●You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.
●Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical
institution.
What are the requirements?
●You must be at least 20 years old.
●You should have a good command（掌握）of either English or French.
●You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.
●You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.
●You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.
What do you need to prepare?
●Visa: You should obtain the necessary visas.●Travel: You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your
internship.
●Medical insurance: You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in
the target country for the entire period of the internship.
●UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period.
●Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.
●Motivation letter: You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application
form.
Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.
We do not respond to every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager. If you do not
receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful.
1.According to this passage, applicants are required to .
A.hold a master's degree in science B.have international work experience
C.be fluent in either English or French D.present a letter from a technical institution
2. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period?
A.Limited medical insurance coverage. B.Training in communication skills.
C.A medical certificate for work. D.Financial support for travel.
3.What should applicants do before filling out the application form?
A.Contact UNESCO managers. B.Get access to the database.
C.Keep a motivation letter at hand. D.Work in a team for six months.
B篇
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期）project
of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that
needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC). My first impression of the organization was
that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.
Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. After doing some research,I believed that we could really do something for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures
of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望）and need that I
joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them
into kits—one kit, one child.
The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items
finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build
that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I
would feel once our project was completed. While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true
meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good
grade on. When the kits were completed, and ready to be sent overseas, the warm feeling I had was one I would
never forget.
In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is
over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be
able to further their education.
1.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?
A.It would affect his/her initial plans.
B.It would involve traveling overseas.
C.It would not bring him/her a good grade.
D.It would not live up to his/her expectations.
3.The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to .
A.become OIC volunteers B.further their education
C.study in foreign countries D.influence other children2021 年 6 月天津卷
A篇
When starting college, most students enjoy a week's stay on campus before classes actually begin. What
should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life.Participating in Campus Welcome Activities
Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen
orientations （迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.
Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What
do students do for fiin? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help youobserve campus life outside the classroom.
Exploring Campus
Getting to know where essential campus resources are—such as the student advising center, psychological
services, and the tutoring center~~will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you won't have tolook for them while still getting used to your classes.
Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting
lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If you're
worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won't hurt. That way, you will
avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.Starting a Routine
Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that
you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different
times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.
What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleepto get to those early classes and stay wide awake.
If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your
day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule.36．By participating in campus welcome activities, freshmen can .
A．learn about campus culture B.get their course schedule
C.have a physical examination D.take an entrance test37．Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings ?
A．To see how many facilities they can use. B.To avoid being late for future classes.
C.To help those getting lost on campus. D.To practice running on their way to class.38．When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine?
A．On the first day of their classes. B.Before the orientation week.
C.After their first-day classes. D.During the orientation week.B篇
When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with
language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not until I followed this
feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing. With some encouragement from my colleagues, Ihad one of my poems published. This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began.
Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman
composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures
on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for
writing after a full working day.
As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set for 5:00 A．M. The first
day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table,
and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This waswhen my morning writing began.
Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many
excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published.
When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, I
wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the
time, I would still be waiting to write my novel.
What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial
sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create,stealing it from yourself if ifs the only way.
41．What motivated the author to start her writing career?
A．Her strong wish to share.B.Her keen interest in writing.
C.Her urgent need to make a living.
D.Her passionate desire for fame.42．What problem did the author face when she decided to begin her writing?
A．She was too exhausted to write after a busy day.
B.She had trouble in deciding on her writing style.C.She had to take time to discipline her daughter.
D.She was unsure about her writing skills.
43．Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway?A．In case the clock in her room broke down.
B.In case she failed to hear the ringing.
C.To force herself out of bed.D.To wake up her family.
C篇In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence （Al） has been described as so advanced that
it is indistinguishable from humans. But what if we're actually getting closer to a world where Al is capable of
thinking and feeling?
Tech company UneeQ is heading for its "digital humans", which appear life like on the screen not only in
terms of language, but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod. They look close to ahuman, but not quite.
What lies beneath UneeQ9 s digital humans? Their 3D faces are modeled on actual human features. Speech
recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying, and natural language processing is used to work
out a response. Meanwhile, another Al company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a
"digital brain", that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions "fblt" and "expressed" by its "digital
people".
Shiwali Mohan, an Al scientist at the Palo Research Center, is skeptical of these digital beings. "They're
humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in itself is not being human," she says. "Human qualitiesalso involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of
algorithmic (算 法)design. Designing for human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that
behave like humans." She then continues, “If something looks like a human, we have high expectations of them,
but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)know how other humans react.
Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adoption of its digital employees across the financial, health
care, and commercial sectors （行业）. "Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficientdigitally, they might be left behind," says Chetan Dube, UneeQ9s CEO.
Some other companies are taking their digital beings a step further, enabling organizations and individuals to
create digital humans themselves using free-access platforms they provide. "The biggest motivation for such
platforms is to popularize Al," Dube says.
Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is
optimistic about where they are headed. "As we develop more advanced Al technology, we would then have to use
new ways of communicating with that technology,she says. "'Hopefully, all of that is designed to support humans intheir goals."
46．According to Para. 2, in what respect（s） do UneeQ9s "digital humans" resemble human beings?
A．In the way they move around. B.In the way they act and react.C.In observation and analysis. D.In speech and facial expressions.
47．Soul Machines’digital brain is a technological breakthrough because it .
A．learns to make proper emotional responsesB.tends to imitate human beings' tone vividly
C.recognizes the speech sounds it receives
D.processes the natural language it hears49．What makes many sectors employ digital humans?
A．The fear of falling behind in efficiency.
B.The urgency to promote e-commerce.C.The wish to spread digital technology.
D.The need to upgrade the health care system.D篇
Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional
and beautiful. Why, then, is art still so widely considered to be "the easy subject" at school, insignificant to wider
society, a waste of time and effort?
Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can; art generates
money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities. When people attend a concert, they
are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible
experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. People don't just wantmaterial things anymore, they want to experience life一the arts are a perfect crossover（交迭）between culture
and commerce.
Furthermore, the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer. Social
bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, andtheir expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a nation's experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who
frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who
do not; more engagement with the arts is linked to a higher level of people's wellbeing. The Royal Society of Public
Health discovered that music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing
stress, anxiety and blood pressure.
Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education: those engaged with
drama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math andlanguages. Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future.
Participating in the arts is essential for child development; encouraging children to express themselves in
constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.
Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes. Life withoutart would be boring and dead still, for art is a part of what makes us human.
51．Art products differ from most other commercial products because .
A．most people purchase them for collectionB.they are more expensive and less accessible
C.they have both commercial and cultural values
D.their prices may climb up as time passes52．By sharing their arts experiences, community members can .
A．keep the community safe from illnesses
B.develop a stronger tie between themC.learn to appreciate their own works of art
D.offer honourable solutions to their problems
53．What can we learn about people who are involved in artistic activities?A．They enjoy better living conditions.
B.They like to compare themselves with others.
C.They are particularly good at both music and art.D.They tend to be healthier physically and mentally.
54．How does kids' engagement with the arts benefit them?
A．It promotes their academic performance and emotional growth.B.It gives them more confidence in exhibiting their learning skills.
C.It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.
D.It helps to make responsible people out of them.2021 年 6 月新高考 1 卷
A篇
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel （旅社）. The hostels in
Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around＄25 a night, and for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location
（位置）with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It's one of the
best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It's affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere without being toonoisy. As an added bonus, it's close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff
members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There's also an area on the
rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you're looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful
furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn't charge city tax; it has both air conditioning
and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all
of the city's main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you
arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
1.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
A.Comfort. B.Security. C.Price. D.Location.
2.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?
A.Yellow Hostel. B.Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C.Youth Station Hostel. D.Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?
A.It gets noisy at night. B.Its staff is too talkative.
C.It charges for Wi-Fi. D.Its inconveniently located.
B篇
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova
—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help
Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four
years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the
flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sureyou find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot, " Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to
50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has
their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for
the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, " Mr Titterton
said. "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once
asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner, " she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I
have to say: 'Turn, turn!'" "Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
1.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
3.What does Titterton need to practise?
A.Counting the pages. B.Recognizing the "nodding".
C.Catching falling objects. D.Performing in his own style.
4.Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worst page turner" ?
A.He has very poor eyesight. B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music. D.He forgets to do his job.
C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans have taken care of these precious natural resourses wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory（迁徙的）waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a FederalDuck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. "Ding" Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A.Loss of wetlands. B.Popularity of water sports.
C.Pollution of rivers. D.Arrival of other wild animals.
D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional （情感的） intelligence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills."
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far
beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis （重视）on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives （视角） from which to study how people manage their lives.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A.It can be measured by an IQ test. B.It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C.It includes a set of emotional skills. D.It refers to a person's positive qualities.
2021 年 6 月新高考 2 卷
A
Things to Do in Yorkshire This Summer
Harrogate Music Festival
Since its birth, Harrogate Music Festival has gone from strength to strength. This year, we are celebrating our
50th anniversary. We begin on 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicola Benedetti, presenting an amazing
programme of Mozart pieces.
Dates:1 June-31 July
Tickets:£12-£96
Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes
As the summer months roll in, our Georgian country estate makes the perfect setting for an outdoor fitness
session. Come and work out with our qualified personal trainer, Jodie McGregor, on the grounds of the Middleton
Lodge estate.
We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective and
active exercises. There are eight spaces available for the taster session. Advance bookings are
required(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris)
Dates:23 May-11 July
Tickets: £7.50 per session
Felt Picture Making
Working from an inspirational picture, this workshop at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach you the techniques
you will need to recreate your picture in wool.
We will also discuss the origins of felt, what enables wool fibres to become felt and how the processes we use
work.
Dates: 12 June-12 JulyTickets: £40 including materials
Figure It Out!-Playing with Math
A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use on a
regular basis. Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and much more. Discover
how architects, product designers and scientists use similar skills in their work.
Dates:7 May-10 June
Tickets: Free
1. What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie's fitness classes?
A. Join a fitness club. B. Pay a registration fee.
C. Make a booking. D. Hire a personal trainer.
2. How much is the ticket for Felt Picture Making?
A. £7.50. B. £12. C. £40. D. £96.
3. Which of the following starts earliest?
A. Harrogate Music Festival. B. Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes.
C. Felt Picture Making. D. Figure It Out!-Playing with Math.
B
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that
have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to
give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us
really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them
into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there
was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were
asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the
morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were
some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a
bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we
knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynanwas always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time
that we had them.
4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
7. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A. They frightened the children.B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
C
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash
to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to
see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.
What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
8. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.10. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.
D
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could
bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor
shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are
aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors
to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags
(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring
the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their
cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the
monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But
Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use
technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his
first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that
an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma
Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend
to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
12. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
13. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.14. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
15. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
2021 年 6 月全国甲卷
A篇
Take a view, the Landscape（风景） Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of
today's most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards
are the perfect platform to showcase the best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable
annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung
in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist
Mike Shepherd
was little more than a few feet deep, and thought it was only a short
(2011) climb. I found myself completely above it and looking at a
wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I
Skiddaw in Winter
used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in
Cumbria, England the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image
（图像）.
Timothy Smith
I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some
(2014) winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards
Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and
Macclesfield
immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh
Forest snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to
take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
Cheshire, England
1.Who would most probably enter for Take a view?
A.Writers. B.Photographers. C.Painters. D.Tourists.
B篇
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding（繁育） programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare blackrhino calf （犀牛幼崽）. When the tiny creature arrived on January 31. she became the 40th black rhino to be
born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are
known for being difficult to breed in captivity（圈养）.
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: "Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,
but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day."
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a "critically endangered" status.
1.Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.
2.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A.She loves staying with her mother. B.She dislikes outdoor activities.
C.She is in good condition. D.She is sensitive to heat.
C篇
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（橫杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭） among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded（滑） up to the beam. He sat next to me. He
seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances."I was a local here 20 years ago, "
I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head."Safe, man. Safe.”
"Yeah, " I said.“Safe."
3.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A.To join the skateboarding. B.To make new friends.
C.To learn new tricks. D.To relieve his childhood days.
D篇
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender（性别）are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors（因素） like
gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come fromthose with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the
world."
3.Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A.Improved global communication. B.Less discrimination against women.
C.Acceptance of victors' concepts. D.Changes in people's social positions.
2021 年 6 月全国乙卷
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built
the Colosseum, which remains the world's best-known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.
Rome's Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50, 000 people. However, that was small fry
compared with the city's Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250, 000 people.
These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan's desire for a good view and a
comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities （容量）slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat
each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks
them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
●Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150, 000. Opened: May 1, 1989.
●Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107, 601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
●Beaver Stadium, Sate College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106, 572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
●Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104, 944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
●Kyle Field College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102, 512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
1.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?
A.104,944. B.107,601. C.About 150,000. D.About 250,000.
2 Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium.
C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field.3.What do the listed stadiums have in common?
A.They host big games. B.They have become tourist attractions.
C.They were built by Americans. D.They are favored by architects.
B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on
their smartphones, according to a survey （ 调 查 ） . Of those Australians who still have a landline, a
third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never
use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
3.What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A.They like smartphone games. B.They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C.They keep using landline phones. D.They are attached to their family.
C篇You've heard that plastic is polluting the ocean—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems
every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to
know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their
relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse, " a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168, 000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, " Von Wong and a group of
volunteers collected more than 10, 000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1.What are Von Wong's artworks intended for?
A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Introducing eco-friendly products.
C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage on the beach.
D篇
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by
the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the coworking
space across the street—so I can focus." His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also
typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach
works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups werestatistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were
small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85
decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative thinking ability. The right level of
background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,
without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on
creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop
ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found
that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee
shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A.It helps him concentrate. B.It blocks out background noise.
C.It has a pleasant atmosphere. D.It encourages face-to-face interactions.
2.Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A.Total silence. B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels.2021 年 6 月浙江卷
A篇
Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life—his uncle, who
was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career（职业）in
acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship
to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However,
becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight yeas until he landed a number
of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but
his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until 1980—32 years into his
career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half
of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers
would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always
felt he should do, but even during his last few year he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or
challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little
more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, canmake for a remarkable life.
1.Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?
A.He enjoyed watching movies. B.He was eager to earn money.
C.He wanted to be like his uncle. D.He felt he was good at acting.
2.What do we know about Nelsen in the second half of his career?
A.He directed some high quality movies. B.He avoided taking on new challenges.
C.He focused on playing dramatic roles. D.He became a successful comedy actor.
B篇
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where
neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any
screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a
day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and
three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear
without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type,
appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a
brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference, " David Bond says. "There is a lot of really
interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being
outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send
them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need
it. Let us get them out and let them play.
1.What is the problem with the author's children?
A.They often annoy the neighbours. B.They are tired of doing their homework.
C.They have no friends to play with. D.They stay in front of sereens for too long.2.How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A.By making a documentary film. B.By organizing outdoor activities.
C.By advertising in London media. D.By creating a network of friends.
C篇
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be
onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a
new study.
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images（图像） of the same person
making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or
the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human
facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face or images totally different from the ones
used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a
picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during
training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish hetween the pictures
bused on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth, " said study anthor Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results
suggest that the surcessful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the
same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human
facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial
expressions in humans."To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with
humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, ” and this exposure has provided
them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
1.The new study focused on whether dogs can .
A.distinguish shapes B.make sense of human faces
C.feel happy or angry D.communicate with each other2021 年 3 月天津卷
A 篇
Job for You
Lancaster Design
Family Alliance Meal Delivery
We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen
Family Alliance is looking for people who can deliver
equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of
hot Chinese meals one to two times a week for people
people who were once homeless.
with disabilities in north suburban Fairfield County.
All applicants must have a driver's license and access to We need people who can work at our warehouse（仓
a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery. 库 ） sorting and packing items to be delivered to
families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates
Working hours: 10 a.m. To 1 p.m. Tuesdays and Fridays
will be matched with a task based on skill set.
For more information, contact Charles Chen
Interested? Submit your application
at cchen@famd.com
to www.lancasterdesign.org
Or call 740-6668988
Or call 740-6119735
Parkview Nursing Home
Lancaster Weekly
Caregivers are wanted. We seek people who are patient
Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close
and caring, and who have experience and interest in
to home? If so we have a vacancy in our team which
working with older adults.
would suit you. Both adults and youngsters aged 13+
are required to deliver our newspaper. You may have to As part of the package, initial and follow-up training
cover some distance. Bicycles are available if needed. sessions are provided and accommodation is available if
required.
Working hours: 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturdays
For more details, visit us at Unit 3 Park
For more information
View Lane
Call 740-6538360
Or contact Ellen White at 740-6968399
1.Which job requires a driver's license?
A.Delivering meals. B.Delivering newspapers.
C.Working at the warehouse. D.Working at the nursing home.
2.Which of the following is TRUE about the Lancaster Design job?
A.Applicants are expected to design furniture.
B.Work is arranged according to one's skill set.
C.It involves collecting furniture from homes.
D.It favors applicants who are homeless.
3.A middle-school student is most likely to be hired by .A.Family Alliance Meal Delivery B.Lancaster Design
C.Lancaster Weekly D.Parkview Nursing Home
4.Which number should you call if you want to work with the elderly?
A.740-6668988. B.740-6119735.
C.740-6538360. D.740-6968399.
B篇
About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard（蜥蜴）was growing dusty. It worried me. I
reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds
later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It
burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things
over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The
uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
"Let's make a cake for Dad!" I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake!
Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to
grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere.
She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of
unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary（纪录片）
series The Last Dance.
The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had
pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketballuniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him,
just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with
who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past
behind.
Humans do not shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The
process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we
begin.
1.What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A.Its tank grew dirty. B.Its old skin came off.
C.It got a skin disease. D.It went missing.
2.Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A.The birthday cake was ruined. B.The author made good puddings.
C.Pudding was his favorite dessert. D.They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
C篇
A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis （催眠）
can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines
used to perform medical-imaging （医学影像） procedures.
"During the examination children don't move. It works perfectly. It's amazing," said Johanne L'Ecuyer, a
medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations
are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia （麻醉）.
A French medical-imaging technologist—also a hypnotist—was invited to train a few members in the
medical-imaging department of the children's hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project
between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified （改变的）state of consciousness. The
technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world that will disassociate itself moreand more from the procedure that follows.
"The technologist must build up a story with the patient," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "The patient is left with the
power to choose what he wants to talk about. Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish
a subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure."
Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story—an injection （注射）
becomes the bite of an insect; the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings
becomes a police car passing nearby.
"The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with
what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity on the part of the technologist,
imagination, a lot of patience and kindness."
The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. "It spread like wildfire that
someone from France was here to train the technologists," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line of
staff at her door wanting to take the training
1.One of the results produced by the trial project is .
A.a better understanding of children B.less use of certain medicines
C.new medical-imaging technology D.an improved reputation of the hospital
2..The French technologist came to the children's hospital to .
A.assist in treating a patient B.carry out hypnosis training
C.start up a new department D.learn about the procedure
3.According to Paragraph 5, hypnosis works by .
A.creating a perfect world for patients
B.forcing patients into a state of deep sleep
C.puting patients into an unconscious stateD.leading patients' consciousness away from reality
5.The procedure was received among the staff with .
A.uncertainty B.enthusiasm C.worry D.criticism
D篇
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a
lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation,
branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about
less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or
increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can
also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back
and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or
traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排除）of others
can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its
connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视
角）into specific fields of expertise（专长）. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior
doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your
interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My
editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history.
Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more
about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the
interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop
broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
2.The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to .
A.treasure their freedom B.travel around the world
C.spend most time working D.enjoy meeting funny people
3.According to the author, a superior doctor is one who .
A.is fully aware of his talent and ability B.is a pure specialist in medicine
C.should love poetry and philosophy D.brings knowledge of other fields to work
4.What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A.Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B.In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C.Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
2021 年 1 月八省联考
A
Non-Credit Courses
The Pre-College Program offers non-credit courses. Students will experience college-level courses given by
some of our college’s leading experts and will receive written feedback (反馈) on their work at the end of the
course. Pre-College students will also receive a grade of Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion
at the conclusion of the program.
All non-credit courses meet from 9:00 a. m.-11:30 a. m. daily and may have additional requirements in the
afternoons or evenings.
COURSE: Case Studies in Neuroscience
·June 11— July 2
·Leah Roesch
Using student-centered, active-learning methods and real-world examples, this course is designed to provide afuller understanding of how the human brain works.
COURSE: Psychology of Creativity
·June 15—June 28
·Marshall Duke
Why are certain people so creative? Is it genetic (遗传的), or a result of childhood experience? Are they
different from everyone else? This popular psychology course highlights the different theories of creativity.
COURSE: Creative Storytelling
·June 21 — July 3
·Edith Freni
This college-level course in creative storytelling functions as an introduction to a variety of storytelling
techniques that appear in different forms of creative writing, such as short fiction and playwriting.
COURSE: Sports Economics
·July 19 — August 1
·Christina DePasquale
In this course we will analyze many interesting aspects of the sports industry: sports leagues, ticket pricing,
salary negotiations, discrimination, and NCAA policies to name a few.
1. Who is the text intended for?
A. The general public. B. College freshmen.
C. Educational experts. D. High school students.
2. Which course can you take if you are free only in June?
A. Sports Economics. B. Creative Storytelling.
C. Psychology of Creativity. D. Case Studies in Neuroscience.
3. Whose course should you choose if you are interested in creative writing?
A. Leah Roesch’s. B. Edith Freni’s.
C. Marshall Duke’s. D. Christina DePasquale’s.
C
Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is
a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against
the laws of nature.Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician
usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical
devices(机械装置). Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The
magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts
of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician's success depends on the
fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A
combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball
under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually
happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While
doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy
watching the cloth and listening to the magician's words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.
Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually
happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience
watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示)another object that
has not been cut or burned.
9. Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick?
A. Moving stage equipment. B. Directing the audience's attention.
C. Applying high technology. D. Keeping the performance in secret.
D
The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it
appears that some can count, too.
Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set
three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots(点)on
a computer screen. In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with
his nose. The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws(爪子).
As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not
move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area. This could be explained by the bears'
distinguishing the different areas of colour rather than truly counting the dots. However, the three bears managed topick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.
Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge. But
Brutus, at least, was not defeated. He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead
him by moving the total coloured area of the dots at the same time.
It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges
when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that
contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends
for help.
12. What task did the scientists set for the three bears?
A. Distinguishing different dot patterns.
B. Figuring out different colours of dots.
C. Putting the dots into differently coloured groups.
D. Picking out the group with a larger number of dots.
13. For the bears, the task was easier when__________.
A. the coloured dots were moving slowly
B. the dot patterns were regular in shape
C. the dots followed a path on the screen
D. more dots covered a larger coloured area
14. What may explain the bears' high degree of intelligence?
A. They learn skills from other animals.
B. They face life challenges on their own.
C. They feed on a diverse range of food.
D. They have complex social networks.
2021 年 1 月浙江卷
A篇
More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. One day, he played with his brother
along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother
might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on.That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets' and
then in an orphanage （孤儿院）. There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back
in India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small neighborhood in a
vast country proved to be impossible.
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's
satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town's
central business district from a bird's-eye view. He thought, "On the right-hand side you should see the three-
platform train station"—and there it was. "And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain"—and there it
was. Everything just started to match.
When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance.
"There's something about me, " he thought—and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she
used to look like.
In an interview Brierley says, "My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and
walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was
like a nuclear fusion （核聚变）. I just didn't know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would
ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her."
1.Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago?
A.He got on a train by mistake. B.He got lost while playing in the street.
C.He was taken away by a foreigner. D.He was adopted by an Australian family.
2.How did Brierley find his hometown?
A.By analyzing old pictures. B.By travelling all around India.
C.By studying digital maps. D.By spreading his story via his book.
3.What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview?
A.His love for his mother. B.His reunion with his mother.
C.His long way back home. D.His memory of his hometown.
B篇
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life
today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the
mark. But he was wrong in one prediction that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid
being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15
per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy, Families are pressed for time, many with both parents
working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机
会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and
talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a "good", quickly followed
by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But Somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's
day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental
opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）with days of regular, parent-accompanied
walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little
planning—running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot
ones—but it's certainly worth trying.
2.What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A.Plain laziness. B.Health problems.
C.Lack of time. D.Security concerns.
3.Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?
A.She can get relaxed after work. B.She can keep physically fit.
C.She can help with her son's study. D.She can know her son better.
C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees（黑猩猩）use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more
than 5, 000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where theydeliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures, " she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect."
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: "Climb on me." The youngster immediately jumps on
to its mother's back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species
（物种）out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans, " said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions, " she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains."
1.What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A.Memorizing specific words. B.Understanding complex information.
C.Using voices to communicate. D.Communicating messages on purpose.
2020 年全国 1 卷
A篇
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For
ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee ofconnections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property（失物招领）
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail service. The lost
property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located（位于） at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day,
Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a
Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance,
please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains（outbound）
Depart Origin Destination Arrive
6:42 pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37 pm
7:29 pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52 pm
8:57 pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52 pm
11:02 pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22 am
1.What would you do to get ticket information?
A.Call 13 16 17. B.Visit translink.com.au.
C.Ask at the local station. D.Check the train schedule.
2.At which station can you find the lost property office?
A.Altandi. B.Roma Street. C.Varsity Lakes. D.Fortitude Valley.
3.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A.6:42 pm. B.7:29 pm. C.8:57 pm. D.11:02 pm.
【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.B
【解析】1.事实细节题。根据小标题 "Train Information" 下面的内容 "For ticket information, please ask at
your local station or call 13 12 30." 可知，如需了解车票信息，可以向当地车站查询或拨打电话13 12 30。故
选C。
2.事实细节题。根据小标题 "Lost property" 下面的内容 "The lost property office… and is located at Roma
Street station." 可知，失物招领处在Roma街车站。故选B。3.事实细节题。根据小标题 "Guardian trains （outbound）" 下面的表格中第三行的内容可知，想从始发站
Central出发到终点站Varsity Lakes需要乘坐7:29 pm那列车。故选B。
B篇
Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There's a welcome
familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don't change, people do. And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It's
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's all about the present. It's about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Emest
Hemingway's A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost
intoxicating（令人陶醉的）, an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie
Dillard's Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble（随笔） about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio
Cortázar's Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortázar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
1.Why does the author like rereading?
A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B.It's a window to a whole new world.
C.It's a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D.It extends the understanding of oneself.
2.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A.It's a brief account of a trip.
B.It's about Hemingway's life as a young man.
C.It's a record of a historic event.
D.It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris.3.What does the underlined word "currency" in paragraph 4 refer to?
A.Debt. B.Reward. C.Allowance. D.Face value.
4.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A.He loves poetry. B.He's an editor.
C.He's very ambitious. D.He teaches reading.
【答案】 1.D 2.B 3.B4.A
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句的内容 "But books don't change, people do. And…
rereading so rich and transformative." 可知，作者认为书不会变，但是人会变，人在重读的过程中会认识到
自己的变化，如此便能进一步理解自己，这就是为什么重读会如此丰富多彩和富有变革性。故选：D。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段第三句和第四句的内容 "Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s
Paris… an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time." 可知，海明威的《流动的盛宴》出版于
1964年，是他对20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，也是一位年老的作家回顾了一个雄心勃勃但却又简
单的时代。由此可知，这本书是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选：B。
3.词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句的内容 "But I imagine that, while money is… is the highest currency a
reader can pay them." 可知，作者认为虽然金钱确实是美好的，也是必要的，但是重读作家的作品是读者能
够支付给他们的最高currency。A. debt 借款；B. reward 报酬；C. allowance 津贴；D. face value（邮票、
钱币、票等的）票面价值。结合选项可知，B选项的reward符合语境，指 "支付给他们的最高报酬" 。故
选：B。
4.推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句的内容 "The third book is Julio Cortázar's Save Twilight: Selected
Poems, because poetry." 可知，作者选择胡里奥·科塔萨尔的《拯救黄昏：诗歌选集》是因为喜欢诗歌。故
选：A。
C篇
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to
fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race
walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact（接触） with the ground
at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories （卡路里） per hour, which is
approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably
burn about 1, 000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon
among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people
with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race
walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes
some practice.
1.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A.They must run long distances. B.They are qualified for the marathon.
C.They have to follow special rules. D.They are good at swinging their legs.
2.What advantage does race walking have over running?
A.It's more popular at the Olympics. B.It's less challenging physically.
C.It's more effective in body building. D.It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
3.What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A.Getting experts' opinions. B.Having a medical checkup.
C.Hiring an experienced coach. D.Doing regular exercises.
4.Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?
A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.
【答案】 1.C 2.D 3.A4.B
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中But the sport's rules require that…one foot remain in contact
（接触） with the ground at all times. It's this strange form…attractive activity…可知，竞走运动员必须遵守比
较特殊的规则，即竞走者在大部分摆动腿的过程中膝盖要保持笔直，一只脚要始终与地面接触。故选：
C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running
does, Dr. Norberg says.可知，竞走不会像跑步那样对身体造成那么大的冲击。因此竞走不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选：D。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking…coach or
experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.可知，Norberg博士建议任何想尝试竞走的人可能应该首
先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者，学习适当的技术。故选：A。
4.观点态度题。根据文章第一段 Race walking shares many…while most likely contributing to fewer
injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.以及下文对于竞走的分析说明可知作者客观地阐述了竞走这
一体育运动。故选：B。
D篇
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have
found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the
city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces
were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further—changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. "We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that
we use every day, " explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow（发光） in experiments using some common
vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-
thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to
light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a
one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off
"switch" where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed
from the power source（电源）—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a
lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help
save energy.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.A new study of different plants. B.A big fall in crime rates.
C.Employees from various workplaces. D.Benefits from green plants.
2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A.To detect plants' lack of water. B.To change compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer. D.To test chemicals in plants.
3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A.They will speed up energy production.
B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
C.They might help reduce energy consumption.
D.They could take the place of power plants.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Can we grow more glowing plants? B.How do we live with glowing plants?
C.Could glowing plants replace lamps? D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C
【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中 "The connection between people and plants has long been the
subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects" 可知是第一段的中心句，说明最近的
研究发现了人与植物之间积极的效果。因此可以推断出本段主要讲述绿色植物的好处。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中 "These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show
when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater." 可知，装有传感器的
植物可以在叶子上显示缺水情况。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中 "Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save
energy." 可知，发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。本文一开始提出了植物对人类环境产生的积极影响，然后叙述麻省理工学院提出设计
植物以取代我们日常使用的东西的功能，所以标题应该紧扣对于植物的应用上。第三段最后一句 "The
technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street
lamps." 指明科学家提出的新技术可能会用于将 "发光植物" 用于照明，或将树木变为自供能的路灯的设想，
以及尾段使用发光树木作为路灯可以节约远距离电力传输导致的能源损耗的设想，都显示了科学家对于发
光植物代替灯的使用方式的想法。故选C。2020 年北京卷
A篇
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1.Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning?
A.Culture researchers. B.AI specialists.
C.Language experts. D.Art designers.2.What lies at the core of the Lancom app?
A.A flexible system. B.An effective method.
C.The brain-training technique. D.The informative content.
3.Lancom claims that it is unique in its .
A.personalised courses B.multiple languages
C.pricing policy D.service team
【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.A
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇应用文，是一个应用程序的广告。Lancom作为一个全球性的语言学
习应用程序，是在线语言学习行业的领导者，拥有数百万的活跃用户，为用户提供针对个人母语量身定制
的课程。
1.理解题。根据文章第一段第三句话中"our multi-language experts endow （赋予）Lancom with an
enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning."可知，多语言专家为Lancom在语言学
习领域提供了巨大的创新潜力。故答案选：C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中第一句话"At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that
enhances language learning with advanced technology. "可知，Lancom这款应用程序的核心是一种世界级的有
效方法，即利用先进的技术来提高语言学习。故答案选：B。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中第三句话"Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your
native language, building on grammar and words you already know."可知，Lancom是唯一一款在用户原有认知
的基础上，为用户提供针对个人母语量身定制的课程的应用程序，也就是说它的个性化课程是独一无二的。
故答案选：A。
B篇
Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution
by recording pollutant levels near the ground.
Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Hermonitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns
that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.
Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However,
since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair （婴儿车）, she frequently records pollution
levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.
The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English
youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at
the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government
in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma （哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because "when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down
and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma."
"Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age, " Matt added. "He became very
interested in gadgets （小装置）. About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One
Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, 'why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let
her monitor the pollution? 'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog,
and we are all really proud of her."
1.With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can .
A.take pollutant readings B.record pollutant levels
C.process collected data D.reduce air pollution
2.What can we learn from the Baggy data?
A.High places are free of air pollution. B.Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C.Conventional monitors are more reliable. D.Air is more polluted closer to the ground.
3.What is Tom's purpose of doing the research?
A.To warn of a health risk. B.To find out pollution sources.
C.To test his new monitor. D.To prove Baggy's abilities.
4.According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?
A.Modest. B.Generous. C.Creative. D.Outgoing.
【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C
【解析】1.（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国一只名叫Baggy的小狗，被主人在项
圈上安上了污染监测器，以此来记录地面附近的污染物水平。理解题。根据文章第二段中第一句话"Baggywears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. "及下文内容可知，
Baggy的主人在她的项圈上安上了污染监测器，以此来记录地面附近的污染物水平。故答案选：B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话中"Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to
ground level"可知，Baggy的监测数据显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，也就是说离地面越近，空气污
染越严重。故答案选：D。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中最后一句话"Tom … in anattempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk
of developing asthma （哮喘）."及第五段中"he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from
getting asthma"可知，地面空气污染严重导致孩子易患上疾病，汤姆想要做点什么来阻止孩子患上哮喘。由
此可推测，他通过在自己的宠物狗身上安装污染检测器，以此来记录地面附近的污染物水平是为了对儿童
的健康风险提出警告，引起政府重视。故答案选：A。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中" he said, 'why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the
pollution? '"可知，汤姆想出了在自己的宠物狗身上安装污染检测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平的方法。
由此可推测，他是一个富有创造力的人。故答案选：C。
C篇
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten
techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）
consisting of nearly 1, 000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for
his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author
described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it, " she says.
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing
around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal
how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced
them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English
medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in
order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before
time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These
sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeingworks of art as they originally appeared—something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back
together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights
experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
Back when science—then called "the new philosophy" —took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help
in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）,
as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of
our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
1.How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript?
A.Confused about the technical terms. B.Impressed with its detailed instructions.
C.Discouraged by its complex structure. D.Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.
2.According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to .
A.restore old workshops B.understand the craftsmen
C.improve visual effects D.inspire the philosophers
3.Why does the author mention museums?
A.To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B.To present the findings of old science.
C.To highlight the importance of antiques. D.To emphasise the values of hand skills.
4.Which would be the best title for this passage?
A.Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B.Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories
C.Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D.Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science
【答案】 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C
【解析】1.这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了在过去的五年里，科学历史学家葆拉·史密斯一直致力于
重新创造被遗忘已久的技术并强调了手工技艺的重要性。理解题。根据文章第二段中第二句话 "But Smith
was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. " 可知，在看过这
份手稿后，史密斯对自己无法掌握手稿中提到的技能，即缺乏动手能力，感到震惊。故答案选：D。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中第二句话 "Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠） … can
reveal how they viewed the world, …, and what went on in the workshops that produced them." 可知，通过重建
作品可以展示当时的工匠如何看待世界，他们家里有什么物品，以及生产这些物品的车间里发生了什么。
由此推知，重建作品是为了了解创造这些作品的工匠。故答案选：B。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中第二句话 "One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. "可知，作者认为要想保护好一件东西，必须先知道它是怎么制作的。博物馆的主要职责正是保护文物，由
此可推测，作者在此处提到博物馆是想强调手工技艺的重要性。故答案选：D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第三段中" … It can even help solve present-day problems" 及最后
两段内容可知，工匠用手工技艺帮助科学家更好地了解自然世界，手工技艺具有重要的价值，因此 C选项
Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists（手艺造就更好的科学家）最适合作为文章的标题。故答案选：C。
D篇
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms（算法）carry out huge
volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are
translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we
humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is
something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of "weak" or "narrow" AI, to create "strong"
or "full" AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence（AGI）. In some respects, today's powerful
computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the
clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the
development of AGI, has an ambition to "solve intelligence" . "If we're successful, " their mission statement reads,
"we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made." Since the
early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative
mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine … that can far
surpass all the intellectual（智力的）activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest that "the
first ultra-intelligent machine" could be "the last invention that man need ever make."
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced（强化）by
many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does
eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with
recognisably human motivations such as aggression（敌对行为）. Instead, I agree with Oxford University
philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn
against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilitiespresupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's
foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.
1.What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Enormous in quantity. B.Changeable daily.
C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
2.What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?
A.Help to tackle problems. B.Make brains more active.
C.Benefit ambitious people. D.Set up powerful databases.
3.As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is .
A.supportive B.disapproving C.fearful D.uncertain
4.What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?
A.It may be only a dream. B.It will come into being soon.
C.It will be controlled by humans. D.It may be more dangerous than ever.
【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.B4.A
【解析】1.（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。人工智能虽然正在变得无处不在，但是仍然存在着一些局
限性。本文主要围绕着AGI，即通用人工智能进行了介绍。
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面举的例子"algorithms（算法）carry out huge volumes of trading on our
financial markets, … and our smartphones are translating from one language into another."可知，算法在金融市场
上执行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言，这都是
人工智能无处不在的表现，"ubiquitous" 意为 "无处不在的" 。故答案选：D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中第三句话"AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, …
could suggest solutions to many problems."可知，AGI的支持者认为，AGI可以为我们全天候工作，利用所有
可用的数据，并为许多问题提出解决方案，故A项Help to tackle problems.（帮助解决问题）正确。故答案
选：A。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom"可知
作者同意牛津大学哲学家尼克·博斯特罗姆的观点。Insead表示 "相反" ，由此可推测，他不同意前面提到
的Irving Good的观点。A. supportive 支持的；B. disapproving 不赞成的；C. fearful 担心的；D. uncertain
不确定的。故答案选：B。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中最后一句话"And, … , I believe there is good reason to doubt that we
will see AGI any time soon, if ever."可知，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智能研究人员交谈后，作者怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI。由此可推测，AGI的实现还没有现实基础，可能仅仅只是一个梦。故答案选：A。
2020 年全国 2 卷
A篇
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape（景观）. Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and
award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International
Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open: 29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10:30—17:00（16:00 in Oct）.
House: 11:15—16:00（15:00 in Oct）.
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a
city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition
programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10:30—17:00 Summer. 10:30—16:00 Winter.
Town: Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and
family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit
from fine art to interactive fun, so there's something for everyone!Open: High Season 1 Apr—31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10:00—17:00, Sun 11:00—17:00.
Low Season 1 Nov—31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10:00—16:30, Sun 12:00—16:30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage &The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth's inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his
hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café.
Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09:30—17:30 （last admission 17:00）.
Town: Grasmere
1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A.09:30—17:30. B.10:30—16:00. C.11:15—16:00. D.12:00—16:30.
2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?
A.Enjoy Romney's works. B.Have some interactive fun.
C.Attend a famous festival. D.Learn the history of a family.
3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth's life?
A.Penrith. B.Kendal. C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.
【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.D
【解析】1.文章大意：这是一篇湖区景点指南，给人们一些关于景区内博物馆、艺廊、礼品店等地的
指南。理解题。根据文章中 Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens 部分"Open: 29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to
Thurs."和"House: 11:15—16:00（15:00 in Oct）."可知，七月份 Dalemain Mansion 大厦和 Historic 花园
的 House是从11：15到16：00开门的。故选：C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章 Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum 部分"The impressive permanent collection
includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St
Ives."可知，这里有罗姆尼作品的永久收藏。故选：A。
3.细节理解题。根据文章Dove Cottage &The Wordsworth Museum部分内容可知，在这里我们可以探索
威廉·华兹华斯的灵感之家，探索他的生活，而这里在格拉斯米尔镇上。故选：D。B篇
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help
children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of
Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play
was found to be a significant predictor of cognition（认知） after controlling for differences in parents' income,
education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and
found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at
54 months of age.
"The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate（旋转） and translate shapes, " Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in
the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more
frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play
with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more
active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A.Building confidence. B.Developing spatial skills.
C.Leaning self-control. D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.
2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?
A.Parents' age. B.Children's imagination.
C.Parents' education. D.Child-parent relationship.
3.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?
A.They play with puzzles more often. B.They tend to talk less during the game.
C.They prefer to use more spatial language. D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.A mathematical method. B.A scientific study.
C.A woman psychologist. D.A teaching program.
【答案】 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B【解析】1.本文主要讲述了一个研究，研究发现智力游戏有助于孩子提高数学相关技能。理解题。根
据第二段第一句 "…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial
skills." 可知，puzzles游戏可以帮助孩子建立空间能力。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 "…after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and
the amount of parent talk, Levine said." 可知，Levine考虑了父母收入，学历和交谈数量。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句 "However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than
girls…" 可知，相比于女孩，男孩更想要玩更难的游戏。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段 "The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science." 可知，
文章主要讲述了一个研究，研究发现智力游戏有助于孩子提高数学相关技能。故选 B。；社会类；生活与
学习
C篇
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion（时装） enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market
for fur made from nutria（海狸鼠）.
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. "It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year, " says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters ＄5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up
in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. "The ecosystem down there
can't handle this non-native species（物种）. It's destroying the environment. It's them or us, " says Michael
Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, "To give people a guilt-free
option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, atleast here in New York." Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that
using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
1.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A.To promote guilt-free fur. B.To expand the fashion market.
C.To introduce a new brand. D.To celebrate a winter holiday.
2.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
3.What does the underlined word "collapsed" in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Boomed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
4.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A.It's formal. B.It's risky. C.It's harmful. D.It's traditional.
【答案】 1.A 2.A 3.D4.B
【解析】1.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了海狸鼠这种动物对环境造成了破坏，因此环保主义者和时尚
爱好者正在试图把海狸鼠的皮毛投入市场中。理解题。根据第二段第二句"It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-
free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year"可知，New Orleans 和
Brooklyn举办时装秀是为了促进皮毛使用的无负罪感，因为海狸鼠这种动物对环境造成了破坏。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段第二和第三句"The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species.
It's destroying the environment."可知，科学家们担心海狸鼠是因为它们严重危害了环境。故选A。
3.词义猜测题。根据第五段"but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals
multiplied like crazy."可知，只有在海狸鼠市场倒闭或者崩溃之后，海狸鼠才开始疯狂扩大数量，collapse为
崩溃的意思。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"…they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think
that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York"可知，根据摩根的话可以推断，在美国纽约穿皮毛
大衣会被人泼颜料，这是一个比较严重的事情，因此推断出这是一个危险性的行为。故选B。D篇
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an
enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while
other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did
everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had
several children and books were our main source（来源） of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and
go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It
was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
Now I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library
lives on from generation to generation.
As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when
they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） for readers and writers, a bridge
that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为） and
I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library.
Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
1.Which word best deseribes the author's relationship with books as a child?
A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
2.What does the underlined phrase "an added meaning" in paragaph 3 refer to?
A.Pleasure from working in the library.
B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
3.What does the author call on other writers to do?
A.Sponsor book fairs. B.Write for social media.
C.Support libraries. D.Purchase her novels.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reading: A Source of Knowledge B.My Idea about Writing
C.Library: A Haven for the Young D.My Love of the Library【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.C4.D
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句的内容 "Stories were like air to me… I checked out from
the library" 可知，小时候故事对于作者来说就像空气，当其他孩子打球或参加聚会时，她通过从图书馆借
来的书来体验冒险。由此可知，作者小时候和书形影不离。A. cooperative 合作的；B. uneasy 担心的；C.
inseparable 形影不离的；D. casual 随便的，偶然的。故选：C。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段至第三段的内容可知，作者自己还是孩子的时候就很喜欢去图书馆看书，
后来成了几个孩子的母亲后，她把对图书馆的热爱又通过在图书馆进行亲子阅读的方式传递给了孩子。根
据第五段的内容 "I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation" 可知，
去图书馆的那种兴奋感代代相传，对此作者很喜欢。由此可知，作者成为母亲后，图书馆给她的生活增添
的意义在于读书的乐趣在家里传了下来。故选：B。
3.事实细节题。根据最后一段第四句的内容 "I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way
when they can" 可知，作者认为所有的作家都应该尽可能地支持图书馆。故选：C。
4.主旨大意题。文章主要叙述作者在不同的时期（作为孩子、青少年、母亲和小说家）通过不同的形
式表达了自己对图书馆的热爱。故选：D。
2020 全国 3
A篇
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence（13 days）
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence, France, with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit
some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the
footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed（瓦屋顶） villages and tasty meals
enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain（15 days）
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent（芳香） of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient
remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid withProf. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical
monuments and architecture.
China's Sacred Landscapes（21 days）
Discover the China of "past ages", its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert
Thorp. Highlights（精彩之处） include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling
hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an
exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia（17 days）
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of
Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around
Tataouine and Matmata, uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages
and lovely beaches.
1.What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain?
A.Historical monuments. B.Fields of flowers.
C.Van Gogh's paintings. D.Greek buildings.
2.Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about?
A.France. B.Spain. C.China. D.Tunisia.
3.Which of the following highlight the Tunisian tour?
A.White towns. B.Underground cities.
C.Tile-roofed villages. D.Rolling hills.
【答案】 1.A 2.C 3.B
【解析】1.这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。理
解题。根据第一部分的We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world.（我们将参观
一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹）和第二部分的we explore historical monuments and .（我们探索历
史遗迹和建筑）可知，在 Classical Provence 和 Southern Spain 游客们可以参观历史遗迹。A. Historical
monuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选A项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三部分的China's Sacred Landscapes（21 days）（中华神山21天）和Discover
the China of "past ages", its walled … waterways and peaceful temples（和Robert教授一起发现中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和宁静的寺庙）
可知，去中国的神山之行总共有21天，而且Thorp对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测Thorp在这四个国家
里最了解中国。C. China（中国）符合以上说法，故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四部分的Tour highlights include … unique for underground cities.（突尼斯的旅游
亮点包括罗马城市Dougga，地下城市Mumidian，它是BullaRegia的首府，Roman Sbeitla以及在Taraounine
和Matmata附近的区域，它们是独特的地下城市）可知，突尼斯的旅游亮点是地下城市。B. Underground
cities（地下城市）符合以上说法，故选B项。
B篇
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
"Thanks for not using real apes（猿）!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture（动作捕捉） technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image（图像）. In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2, 000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants", "The Hangover Part
Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper", have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated
properly.
In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
1.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A.To see famous film stars. B.To oppose wearing fur coats.
C.To raise money for animal protection. D.To express thanks to some filmmakers.
2.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A.The cost of making "Apes". B.The creation of digitalized apes.
C.The publicity about "Apes". D.The performance of real apes.3.What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Listing completely. B.Directing professionally.
C.Promoting successfully. D.Watching carefully.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A.They may be badly treated. B.They should take further training.
C.They could be traded illegally. D.They would lose popularity.
【答案】 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A
【解析】1.这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影 "猩球崛起" 上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚
集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化
人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但
有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。理解题。根据第一段"Instead, one activist, … filmmakers: 'Thanks for not
using real apes!'"可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作
人："感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。"所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选
D项。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段"The creative team behind 'Apes' used motion-capture（动作捕捉） technology
… an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image（图像）."可知，
"人猿" 背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，
然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
3.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子"One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or
animals in filmed entertainment"（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a
number of films, … them haven't been treated properly.（许多电影，包括 "大象的眼泪" , "宿醉Ⅱ" 和 "管理
员" , 引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控
动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是 "密切关注" 。
故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段 In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the
studio that … which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.（在某些情况下，
让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外
拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，
让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受
到虐待。故选A项。C篇
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation（孤独）, more families are
choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the
ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing
machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
"We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house, " says Kathryn Whitehead. Ria cuts in: "We spoke more
with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law."
And what does Nick think? "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes,
I think I would."
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been
rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together
had risen from 325, 000 in 2002 to 419, 000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly
parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-
34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational
households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.
In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they
get married.
1.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn. D.The daughters.
2.What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?
A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.
3.What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on?
A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports.
C.Published statistics. D.Public opinions.4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Lifestyles in different countries. B.Conflicts between generations.
C.A housing problem in Britain. D.A rising trend of living in the UK.
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D
【解析】1.这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面
临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。理解题。根据第三段中"…
but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor"可知，但Rita
在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。
故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第五段"And what does Nick think? 'From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.
Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.'"可知：尼克是怎么想的？"从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我
推荐它吗？是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。"由此判断出，尼克对和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故
选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第六段"…the number of households with three generations living together had risen
from 325, 000 in 2002 to 419, 000 in 2013."官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年32.5万户增加到
2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段"It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared
with 16% in 1991…about 1.8 million."可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这
一比例为16%。据统计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述
基于发布的统计数据。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段"With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at
risk of isolation（孤独）, more families are choosing to live together."可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，
而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一
种上升趋势。故选D。
D篇
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes（基因）, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and
northern Europe have gained a mutation（突变） that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not toair or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the
Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts（支
柱） in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land, " said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii
researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders, " Dr. Jubilado said. "I could see them actually walking under the sea."
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. "it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population, " said Dr. Ilardo.
She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
1.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B.New knowledge of human evolution.
C.Recent findings of human origin. D.Significance of food selection.
2.Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A.In valleys. B.Near rivers. C.On the beach. D.Off the coast.
3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A.They could walk on stilts all day. B.They had a superb way of fishing.
C.They could stay long underwater. D.They lived on both land and water.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B.Highlanders' Survival Skills
C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research D.The World's Best Divers
【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.C4.A
【解析】1.这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，
而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。判断题。根据
第一段的We are the products of evolution, … they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few
thousand years.（我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因
时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子）可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进
化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.（人类进化的新知识）符合以上说法，故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these people are known, … they've also built houses on stilts in
coastal waters.（这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；
最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上）可知，Bajau 把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the coast.（沿
海）符合以上说法，故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段的We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local
islanders.（我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多）可知，让 Jubilado感到吃惊的
是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater.（他们能在水下待很长时间）符合以
上说法，故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的 On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a
team of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.（周四，在《细胞》杂
志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋）可知，
本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让 Bajau人的身体进化成更适
应海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.（身体为适应海洋生活而重塑）可以作为本文标题，故
选A项。
2020.7 浙江
A篇
I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing
my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I
think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright（剧作家） hopes to get across through dialogue
and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention
to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of
reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of
types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the
versatility（多面性） of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.
Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, ThorntonWilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the
theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the
audience. The houselights dim（变暗）. The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and
dialogue will tell you the story.
1.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?
A.He has written dozens of plays. B.He has a deep love for the theater.
C.He is a professional stage actor. D.He likes reading short plays to others.
2.What does the author avoid doing in his work?
A.Stating the plays' central ideas. B.Selecting works by famous playwrights.
C.Including various types of plays. D.Offering information on the playwrights.
3.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?
A.Control their feelings. B.Apply their acting skills.
C.Use their imagination. D.Keep their audience in mind.
4.What is this text?
A.A short story. B.An introduction to a book.
C.A play review. D.An advertisement for a theater.
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.C4.B
【解析】1.文章大意：本文介绍作者一本关于戏剧的书，书中有什么内容以及怎样阅读这本书。事实
细节题。根据文章第一段第一句后面"and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my
enthusiasm for theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays…"可知，作者对戏剧有极
大的热情，为此搜寻过许许多多剧本。故选 B。
2.事实细节题。根据文章第二段第三句"It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the
plays in this collection…"可知，作者无意阐述戏剧的中心主题。故选 A。
3.事实细节题。根据文章最后一段第一句"To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play
on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim. The curtains are about to open…"可知，作者
建议读者在阅读时要用到想象力。故选 C。
4.文章来源题。根据文章第一段最后一句"editing this book…to find the ones that I think best show the
power and purpose of the short play"可知，作者找到他认为最能展现戏剧力量和目的的短剧收集在书中；文
章第二、三段有"in this collection"这样的提示词；第三段介绍一些著名剧作家的信息收录在书本末尾；第
四段告诉读者应该怎样阅读书中戏剧。纵观全文，作者在介绍他的书。故答案为 B。B篇
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US: intersection（十字路口） signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights,
known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and
home.
"Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, " says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. "It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller
cities, " he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department's traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
1.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Increased length of green lights. B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing of traffic signals. D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.
2.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A.They work better on broad roads.
B.They should be used in other cities.
C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D.They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
3.What can we learn from Bellevue's success?A.It is rewarding to try new things. B.The old methods still work today.
C.It pays to put theory into practice. D.The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】 1.C 2.D 3.A
【解析】1.文章大意：本文主要讲了华盛顿Bellevue信号灯时间调整的原因以及研究过程。词义猜测题。
根据文章第一段最后一句"Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes"可知that指代的是信号灯
时间的灵活变化，故选C。
2.事实细节题。根据文章第四段最后一句"It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some
benefits for smaller cities"可知Balke认为适应性信号灯可以在其他小城市起到作用。所以在极其拥挤的大城
市作用并不大，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句"the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of
welcoming new approaches."可知尝试新事物是会带来收获的。故选A。
C篇
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help
your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers' memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating（刺激）, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive（认知） function at a much slower rate than those with the least
mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants' overall
health status.
"This works just like physical exercise, " says Francisca Then, who led the study. "After a long run, you may
feel like you're in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work—sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. "
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter's job,
for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-
level office work. And "running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调）, " she
says. "You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries."
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmentalinfluences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.
1.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?
A.To assess their health status. B.To evaluate their work habits.
C.To analyze their personality. D.To measure their mental ability.
2.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A.By using an expert's words. B.By making a comparison.
C.By referring to another study. D.By introducing a concept.
3.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B.Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
【答案】 1.D 2.B 3.C
【解析】1.文章大意：本文介绍了有挑战性的工作能够帮助大脑保持健康。理解题。根据第二段第一
句"Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000…assessed the volunteers'
memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests."可知，研究者们将这些志愿者聚集到一起是为了评估他
们的记忆和思维技巧，也就是为了测试他们的心智能力。故答案选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段"'This works just like physical exercise, ' says Francisca Then, who led the
study…'After a long day at work—sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.'"描述可知，
Francisca是将有挑战性的工作与我们的日常运动锻炼做了一个对比，发现两者之间虽然方式不太一样，但
针对大脑而言，却有异曲同工之妙。故答案选B。
3.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句"Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and
other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age"以及最后一段最后一句"Still, continuing to
challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help."可知，本文主要讲了一项调查研究表明：
一些有挑战性的工作会让我们的大脑保持敏捷。故答案选C。
2020.5 天津
A篇
Your student ID card identifies you as a student at the University of Bolton. It will provide you with access toUniversity facilities such as University Libraries, Sports Centre, and Computing Services. Please carry your card
with you at all times. Do not lose your card or lend it to others. Your card is valid during the whole time of your
studies. It remains the property（财产） of the University of Bolton at all times.
New students—photographs
You will be requested to upload a passport sized photograph as part of the online registration process. This
should be a jpg. file with a size of no more than 1 MB. Your photograph should be a portrait image in proportion
（比例） to a 6"×4" portrait photograph. It should be taken in colour and must not have been beautified with
image filters（滤光镜）.
Your student ID card will be provided to you by your department during Welcome Week. Please be aware that
you will not receive this smart card during Welcome Week if you do not upload your image online by 4 September
2020.
Replacement cards
If your student ID card no longer works or has been damaged, or if you have changed your personal or
programme details, you should call into the Student Administration Centre（SAC）to request a new one. Please
ensure that you bring your existing card with you. Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
If your card has been reported to the Police as stolen, please also call into the SAC to request a replacement,
bringing with you a copy of your Police Crime Report paperwork. Your card will be produced free of charge.
If your card has been lost, a fee of £5 is charged for the production of a replacement card. You are requested to
use our online payment service.
Note: Replacement cards will be available for you to collect seven working days after making the request. As a
security measure, you are requested to collect your card in person at the SAC.
1.Which of the following is a function of the student ID card?
A.To remind students to protect public property.
B.To enable students to use resources in the library.
C.To help students demonstrate their computer skills.
D.To provide information about campus facilities.
2.To meet the requirements of the photograph on the student ID card, a new student should upload .
A.an image saved as a PDF file
B.a colour picture of their passport
C.a photo beautified by a photographerD.a portrait photograph of proper proportion
3.In which case does a student have to pay for the replacement of the student ID card?
A.The theft of the card has been officially proved.
B.The card holder has changed his or her major.
C.The card dropped off into a lake by accident.
D.The card fails to work properly.
4.To collect your replacement card, you should .
A.fetch it at the SAC personally B.go through a security check first
C.call the police station in advance D.wait for seven days before getting it
【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A
【解析】1.这是一篇说明文。文章主要就博尔顿大学学生证的用途、如何办理、更换、领取等方面进
行了介绍。理解题。根据文章第一段第二句 "It will provide you with access to University facilities such as
University Libraries, Sports Centre, and Computing Services." 可知，持有博尔顿大学学生证的学生能使用图
书馆的资源。故答案为：B。
2.细节理解题。根据文章 New students—photographs 小标题下第三句"Your photograph should be a
portrait image in proportion（比例） to a 6"×4" portrait photograph. "可知，新生办理学生证需要上传规定比
例的肖像照片。故答案为：D。
3.细节理解题。根据文章Replacement cards小标题下第三段第一句 "If your card has been lost, a fee of
£5 is charged for the production of a replacement card." 可知，如果学生自己丢失了学生证，须缴付补领学生
证的费用。故答案为：C。
4.细节理解题。根据文章Note小标题下最后一句话 "As a security measure, you are requested to collect
your card in person at the SAC." 可知，要领取新卡，你应该亲自到SAC去取。故答案为：A。
B篇
One of the most stressful days of Susan McFrederick's life was watching her son get wheeled away for surgery
hours after he was born in 2011.
But after the operation, Susan burst into tears for a different reason: across the cut on their newborn son's back
was a sweet winter scene, hand-drawn on his bandages（绷带）.
"There were rolling hills of snow, a pine tree and a snowman with a hat and broom, " she recalled. "It was
extremely touching and comforting to know that somebody had taken the time to do that for my family. It was amoment I'll never forget."
Susan soon learned the artist was her son's surgeon, Robert Parry, who discovered another way to use his
hands in the mid-1980s during his internship（实习期） at a children's medical center, where he saw one of his
colleagues cut out heart and shark shapes to decorate children's bandages.
"My first reaction was, 'What is he doing? Hey, that's kind of neat, ' " Parry recalled. "I especially liked the
reactions of the parents and the patients when they saw his artwork. The smiles took everyone's attention from the
surgery. Then I decided to follow suit."
Parry quickly graduated from his early hearts and sharks, and started to
surprise families with drawings that captured young patients' personalities. From Snoopy to Spider-Man and bears
to butterflies, there isn't much he hasn't drawn. Most kids want superheroes sports team logos or princesses, while
babies often receive scenes with flowers, trees and sea creatures. During the last 30 years, Parry estimates he has
left examples of his handiwork over the stitches（伤口缝线） of more than 10, 000 children.
"During a time of stress for families, it's nice to be able to help them smile and laugh, " Parry said. "This is
something positive that I can do for them, which is what I like most about it."
For Parry, the reward is knowing he hopefully made a difference in a child's life, and except for his drawings
on bandages, "they can go on and live their lives and never know I was in it, " he said.
He's not ready to retire, but he's found a new hobby to keep his hands skillful in the years to come.
"I've taken up knitting（编织）, " Parry said. "Hats, sweaters, gloves—I enjoy it all. But mostly, I enjoy
giving everything away."
1.Susan burst into tears after her baby's operation because she was .
A.moved B.amused C.stressed D.heartbroken
2.How did Parry get the idea of decorating children's bandages?
A.He was motivated by his patients.
B.He was inspired by his colleague.
C.He was required to learn the skill during his internship.
D.He was encouraged by Susan to show his genius for art.
3.Parry's artworks during the last 30 years show that he .A.devoted himself more to art than to medicine
B.knew more about his patients than their parents
C.took into consideration the tastes of individual patients
D.created a large number of works beyond his expectations
4.What does Parry expect to achieve with his artworks?
A.To get a reward from the artistic circle.
B.To win the admiration of his colleagues.
C.To make a difference in his dull medical career.
D.To lift the spirits of his patients and their parents.
5.What can we learn about Parry from the last two paragraphs of the passage?
A.He is eager to show others his new skills.
B.He enjoys trying new ways to help others.
C.He is looking forward to life after retirement.
D.He is more interested in knitting than drawing.
【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.C4.D 5.B
【解析】1.本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了医护工作者Parry在岗位上发光发彩，助人为乐的事迹。
理解题。根据文章第三段第二句It was extremely touching and comforting to know that somebody had taken the
time to do that for my family.可知，知道有人花时间为她的家人做这件事，Susan很是感动。故答案为：A。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段 where he saw one of his colleagues cut out heart and shark shapes to
decorate children's bandages.可知，他看到一位同事用独特的方式装饰儿童绷带，让 Susan获得启发。故答
案为：B。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句 Parry quickly graduated from his early … that captured young
patients' personalities.可知，在最后的30年内，Parry专注于对病人的个性进行研究，开始用捕捉年轻患者
个性的素描来给家庭们以惊喜。故答案为：C。
4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段第一句During a time of stress for families, it's nice to be able to help
them smile and laugh.可知，Parry让病人和他们的家人开心，让他们振作起来。故答案为：D。
5判断题。根据文章第六段第一句Parry quickly graduated from his early … that captured young patients'
personalities.可知，Parry喜欢尝试新的方式来帮助别人。故答案为：B。
C篇Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet. While cars and trains are moving
towards greener, electric power, emissions from air travel are expected to increase massively by 2050. If we want
big green sky solutions, we need blue sky thinking. Fortunately, there's plenty of that happening right now,
particularly the short-haul flights powered by batteries.
Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America, flying 30, 000 commercial flights in 40 seaplanes
each year. Significantly, all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes, making it perfectly fit for electric engines.
"As an airline, we're currently in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes." says CEO Greg
McDougall. To make this happen, the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the world's first commercial
flight with an electric engine.
Making the skies electric isn't just good for the environment, it also makes sound financial sense: a small
aircraft uses ＄400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight, while an electric one costs ＄8—12 for the same
distance, and that's before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. There's also the added
bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just
environmentally friendly peace and quiet.
While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping
everyone's feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram;
compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate
batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight
counts, this can't just be ignored.
The transition（过渡） from gas to electric in the automobile industry has been made easier by hybrids—
vehicles powered by both fuel and electricity. Many believe the same pattern could be followed in the air. Fuel
consumption could be reduced as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey, especially on
take-off and landing.
It's certainly an exciting time for electric flying. With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead, battery-
powered planes, especially on short-haul journeys, are set to become a reality in the next few years.
1.According to Para.1, what is happening in air transport?
A.New explorations of the sky are being launched.
B.Pollution caused by batteries is being controlled.
C.Efforts are being made to make air travel greener.
D.Demand for short-haul flights is increasing massively.2.Why is Harbour Air fit for electric flights?
A.It runs short routes. B.It has a strong partner.
C.Its planes can land on the sea. D.It has planes with powerful engines.
3.The expression "added bonus" refers to the fact that electric planes .
A.give passengers more pleasant views B.bring airlines more financial benefits
C.offer more enjoyable flying experiences D.cost less in maintenance than traditional ones
4.What might be the biggest challenge of electric flying?
A.To improve the ground service for e-planes.
B.To find qualified technicians for e-plane industry.
C.To calculate the energy needed to power e-planes.
D.To balance power and weight of batteries ine-planes.
5.What could be done during the transition from gas to electric in air flight?
A.To produce new electric components. B.To increase battery consumption.
C.To use mixed-power technology. D.To expand the landing field.
6.What is the author's attitude towards the prospect of electric flying?
A.Short-sighted. B.Wait-and-see. C.Optimistic. D.Skeptical.
【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.C4.D 5.C 6C
【解析】1.本文是一篇说明文。主要谈及了绿色航空的现状并展望了未来。理解题。根据文章第一段
第四句"Fortunately, there's plenty of that happening right now, particularly the short-haul flights powered by
batteries."可知目前正在努力使航空旅行更环保，并已经采取了一些措施。故答案为：C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句"Significantly, all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes,
making it perfectly fit for electric engines."可知所有Harbour Air航线的航程都少于30分钟，即都是短途，故
非常适合于电动发动机。故答案为：A。
3.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第二句"electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in."和第三句"No
loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet."可知电动飞机驾驶起来会更加
愉快。没有响亮的发动机噪音，没有燃油味，只有环境友好的和平与宁静，即令人愉快的飞行经历。故答
案为：C。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第四段第三句"Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too
heavy to get off the ground."可知携带足够的电池会使飞机太重而无法从地面上下来。在飞机上，每一个重
量都很重要，这不能被忽略。故平衡电子飞机中电池的功率和重量是一大挑战。故答案为：D。5理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句"The transition from gas to electric in the automobile industry has
been made easier by hybrids-vehicles powered by both fuel and electricity."可知由燃料和电力驱动的混合动力汽
车使汽车工业中从天然气到电力的过渡变得更加容易。故答案为：C。
6作者态度题。根据文章最后一段第一句"It's certainly an exciting timefor electric flying."可知作者持乐观
态度。故答案为：C。
D篇
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself
the question "why is history important" is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization.
You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the
history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥） into our ancestral pasts, and
how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is
something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect
on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by
people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become
more experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）. Studying history can give us insight（洞察力）
into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a
rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance（无
知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries
by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. What's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's
almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts.
Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles
Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away
from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in
there for absolutely anybody.The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do
better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
1.The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means .
A.the turning point in our history B.the present state of our nation
C.the location of our homeland D.the total area of our country
2.According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life?
A.The problems at present are similar to those in the past.
B.Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today.
C.The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors.
D.People living long time ago knew more about how to solve problem.
3.What can be concluded from Para.4?
A.It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.
B.People are willing to accept foreign cultures.
C.Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.
D.History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.
4.With the example in Para.5, the writer intends to show that
A.Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature.
B.Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets.
C.reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period.
D.studying history can arouse people's interest in other fields.
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.How to Build Cultural Identity B.Why Studying History Matters
C.Know the Past, Know the Present D.History: a Way to Broaden Horizons
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B
【解析】1.本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了历史是人类文明的重要组成部分，从 5个方面说明了学习
历史的重要性。
词义猜测题。本句句意：了解我们祖国的历史可以让我们更深入、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，
以及我们是如何走到今天这一步的。可知此处是指我们国家的现状之意。故答案为：B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第三句"According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the
past and present are the same."专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。可以得知现在的问题与过去的问题是相似的。故答案为：A。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段第三句"It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across
cultures."历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，可以推知历史能帮助我们提高跨文化意识。
故答案为：D。
4.写作目的题。根据本段中"…it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical
period without having dozens of questions about related concepts."可知历史能扩大我们的视野。要了解一个历
史时期而不提出许多有关概念的问题几乎是不可能的。也就是说学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。
故答案为：D。
5.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第二句…asking yourself the question "why is history important" is a very
good first step.和第三句History is an essential part of human civilization.引出话题，讲述了历史是人类文明的
重要组成部分，后文围绕这一话题展开，讲述了学习历史的重要性。所以 B选项：为什么学习历史很重要
最能概括本文主旨。故答案为：B。
2020.7 天津
A篇
How to Use a Modern Public Library
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries
have changed for the better. It's been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed
themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to
start a business.
Check out a book. While libraries still loan out（出借） books, you'll find it easier to get a copy of
whatever you're looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share
their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you've requested is delivered to the
nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats（载
体形式）. You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out
toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn't offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may
bring it in when enough interest is shown.
Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various agegroups. Perhaps you'd like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group
you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able
to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit
quietly in a corner with a good book.
Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business your own, your local
library can become a launch space for it. In library books computers, you can find information on starting a
business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared
through chambers of commerce（商会） and government agencies, and they will offer, printing, faring and
database services you need.
1.Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by .
A.sharing their books on the Internet
B.giving access to online reading at a library branch
C.sending a needed book to a library branch nearly
D.making the checkout procedures diverse
2.According to Paragraph 3, what items may be the checked out from a public library?
A.A magazine and an e-book. B.A game and an oil painting.
C.A music CD and a kid's toy. D.A DVD and a video player.
3.As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows .
A.the kid to learn a new language
B.the parent to enjoy quiet reading
C.the kid to overcome reading difficulties
D.the parent to meet their program sponsor
4.Your local library can help you start a business by .
A.providing relevant information and supporting services
B.offering professional advice on business management
C.supplying useful information of your potential buyers
D.arranging meetings with government officials
5.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To point out the importance of public libraries.
B.To encourage people to work in public libraries.
C.To introduce the improved services of public libraries.D.To call for the modernization of public library systems.
【答案】 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5C
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Via such networks, libraries share their books…through the use
of delivery vehicles."以及"Once the book you have requested is delivered to the nearest branch…so you can pick it
up"可知，通过这样的网络，图书馆通过使用送货工具彼此共享书籍。而且一旦您将请求的书籍传递到最近
的分支机构，它们就会通过电子邮件通知您，因此通过这种快捷的传递方式使读者受益，将所需要的书发
送到附近的图书馆分支机构。故选：C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二三句话"You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular
magazines."以及"Some libraries even loan out toys and games."可知，可以借用DVD上的电影，CD上的音乐
以及流行的杂志，甚至有些图书馆甚至借出玩具和游戏。故选：C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句话"And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a
half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book."可知，带着孩子一起去一个半小时故事
时间，你坐在角落里安静的看一本好书时，是非常放松的。故选：B。
4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话"Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information…
chambers of commerce（商会） and government agencies…services you need."可知，许多图书馆共享本地提
供的有关业务管理的信息，并为您提供您所需要的信息。故选：A。
5写作目的题。本篇文章全文在介绍公共图书馆的现状，经过改善后的服务设施情况。故选：C。
B篇
"They tell me that you'd like to make a statue（塑像） of me—is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream? "
The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was
no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
"Yes, sir, " she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. "I wouldn't have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills,
says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner."
President Lincoln smiled. "Painters, sculptors—they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I'm
afraid there's not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust（半身像）? "
Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. "Of course—I shouldn't
have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size."
Vinnie's face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. "Small does not mean weak,
sir, " she defended herself. "I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I've driven horses and carried water. Making afull-length clay（粘土） figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do!"
The President's eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. "Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn't
know your background."
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. "Miss Ream, " he sighed. "I'd like to
let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a
sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself."
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. "I work quickly, " she said. Her voice was soft but
confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. "If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours
every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk."
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnie's hand warmly, "I've heard
that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my
decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon."
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
1.What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?
A.Her aggressive personality. B.Mr. Mills's encouraging remark.
C.President Lincoln's gentle voice. D.Her interest in a challenging job.
2.How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie's request?
A.Pleased. B.Thrilled. C.Regretful. D.Doubtful.
3.Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting .
A.her experience from other projects B.her innocent childhood in the country
C.the heavy labor she had done before D.the skill she picked up in Wisconsin
4.Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to .
A.achieve effects of natural lighting B.keep all her tools within easy reach
C.observe the President at a right angle D.avoid disturbing the President's work
5.What message does the story convey?
A.A strong-willed soul can reach his goal. B.Experience helps to promote excellence.
C.Ups and downs make one strong. D.Devotion requires enthusiasm.
【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.C4.D 5.A
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中"I would not have dared to ask you, but my teacher Mr. Mills,
says I am ready."可知，是由于温妮老师鼓励的话，温妮才敢对总统提出要求。故选：B。2.观点态度题。根据文章第四段分析可知总统在听到温妮的话后，笑着说很多人尝试充分利用这张普
通的脸，但是他觉得没有希望；再结合第五段也可以看出，总统认为对于这个年轻女性来说，制作全身像
是一个大工程，所以说明总统对于温妮的要求还是持怀疑态度的。故选：D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段中"I have driven teams of horses and…clay（粘土） figure would not
exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do."可知，温妮说自己驾驶着马队并随身携带水，制作全长
泥塑人物并不能减轻她的力量。这就是温妮打算做的。因此通过这句话表明温妮曾经做过很繁重的工作。
故选：C。
4.细节理解题。根据文章第九段中"If I were to bring my clay here…afternoon, I could complete most of the
project while you are at your desk."可知，温妮带着她黏土来，每天下午工作三小时，当总统在工作时，她就
可以完成大部分工作，就可以不占用总统的时间，也可以完成雕塑。说明温妮找一个靠窗的小角落主要是
为了不打扰总统的工作。故选：D。
5.主旨大意题。本篇文章全文在介绍温妮是如何通过自己的努力得到给总统刻雕像这个工作的，主要
说明了坚定意志的重要性。故选：A。
C篇
For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past,
sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are
sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the
phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And
the officer can't let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief
drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device（LRAD，远程定向声波发射器）.
It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is
directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let's say you are at the airport,
and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming（哼唱） a short commercial song. He hums it over and over
again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the
sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions
by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of wavescancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights（聚
光灯） are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a "spotsound" creates a
circle of sound in one targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it
offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices
on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also
beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.
1.What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?
A.It causes temporary hearing loss. B.It slows down a running man.
C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect. D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
2.The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to .
A.silence the people around you B.remove the sound of commercials
C.block the incoming sound waves D.stop unwanted sound from affecting you
3.What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?
A.They travel in circles. B.They clear the atmosphere.
C.They can be transformed into energy. D.They can be directed onto a specific area.
4.Directed sound can be used for .
A.creative designs of restaurant menus B.ideal sound effects on the theater stage
C.different choices of music for businesses D.strict control over any suspicious customer
5.What does the passage focus on?
A.How professionals invented sound products.
B.Inventions in the field of sound technology.
C.The growing interest in the study of sound.
D.How sound engineers work in their studios.
【答案】 1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.B
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第二段中"It produces a defeating sound so painful that it temporarily disables
a person."可知，LRAD会发出一种击垮人的声音，这种声音会让人痛苦得暂时丧失能力。因此可以推断出
LRAD会暂时的使某个人听力受到损害。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the
sound without upsetting the boy or his parents."可知，沉默机器让你摆脱掉身边不想听到的声音。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中"similarly, a 'spotsound' creates a circle of sound in one targeted area"可知，类似地，一个 "斑点声音" 在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。信息句中 one targeted area与选项D中a
specific area形成对应。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据第四段中"This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores…choices on
the menu"可知，定向声对商业有用途，例如餐厅可以提供音乐和菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客可以更多
地控制就餐的气氛。故选C。
5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了声音科技领域的发明，如沉默机器以及在商业上的应用。故选B。
D篇
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of
great achievement and men of average performance curiously and discontent. I have never known an outstanding
man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges（驱策力） count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely
ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the
ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why? "
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture
them.
"The great man, " said Mencius（孟子）, "Is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose it.
We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the
calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be
satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think
how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our
curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange
flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing
books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are
only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things
done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old? Remember
that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictureswhen she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than
you are at this moment.
1.In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A.propose a definition B.make a comparison
C.reach a conclusion D.present an argument
2.What does the example of Galileo tell us?
A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C.Creativity results from challenging authority.
D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?
A.Observe the unknown around you. B.Develop a questioning mind.
C.Lead a life of adventure. D.Follow the fashion.
4.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B.Reflections on Human Nature
C.The Keys to Achievement D.Never Too Late to Learn
【答案】 1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.C
【解析】1.写作目的题。根据文章第一段中"I have decided that two qualities make the difference between
men of great achievement and men of average performance."可知，作者发现取得成就的人身上同时存在两个特
质，即好奇心和不甘于满足。这两句是提出自身观点，便于下文继续展开。故选：D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中"Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in
discontent."可知，伟大来自于一直抱有探索的激情。故选：D。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中"We are born with them and need only recapture them."以及第四段
中"Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom."可知，我们要保留好奇心，
不断提问，才能激发体内的好奇心和不满足，否则我们就会丢掉。故选：B。4.推理判断题。根据文章第六段可知主要讲述了遇到问题不必沮丧，要保有好奇心，第七段重点提到
了"to answer your own excuses"，即不要给自己找借口，分别列举了包括"ability"、"time"和"too old"这三个
借口。选项中C明确提到了缺少天赋和时间不应该是不采取行动的借口。故选：C。5.主旨大意题。文章
第一段讲述了"men of great achievement"和"men of average performance"的区别就在于前者具有两个特质，
下文进一步论述了原因和获得两种特质的方法。因此只有C选项"keys to achievement（成功的关键）"能概
括文章大意。故选：C。
2020.1 浙江
A篇
I never knew anyone who'd grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. She ran
Jackson's Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If
she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing; I
would do anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books
for myself. She took me in to introduce me. "Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she
wants from the shelves, children or adults." Mother said.
Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day
you'd taken it out; it made no difference to her that you'd read every word in it and needed another to start. You
could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing
them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was
extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing
something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red
Riding Hood" with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer—in
character—"The better to eat you with, my dear, " and go back to her place in the magazine article.
1.Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?
A.Quiet. B.Strict C.Humorous. D.Considerate.
2.What do the underlined words "this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?A.Desire to read. B.Love for Mrs. Calloway.
C.Interest in games. D.Fear of the library rules.
3.Where is the text probably from?
A.A guidebook. B.An autobiography.
C.A news report. D.A book review.
【答案】 1.B 2.A3.B
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段I never knew anyone who'd grown up in Jackson without being
afraid of Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. 及第三段第一句话Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. 可知，
作为图书管理员的Mrs. Calloway制定自己的规则，包括 "Silence" 、穿的衣服、以及借书规则，因此Mrs.
Calloway很严格，【答案】为B。quiet安静的，humorous幽默的，considerate考虑周到的。
2.推理判断题。由第三段From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme
happiness, knew it at the time.可知， "我" 一到家就阅读并且认为阅读是极其快乐的时光，所以 "我" 是非
常 "渴望阅读" ，【答案】为A。
3.主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了 "我" 人生中的阅读事迹，因此可能是一篇自传。A.
guidebook导游手册，B. news report 新闻报道，C. book review书评。【答案】为B。
B篇
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free-by spreading on them cheese
bring, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella.
Wisconsin. also called "America's Dairyland, " is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds
of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese bring. Disposing of（处置）the bring can be
expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water's freezing point, causing ice to melt（融
化）. But using cheese bring could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.
Cheese bring has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese bring could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that
all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the same compound（化合物）in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless,
right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million
tons of salt on U. S. roads every year!The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants, and
eat away soil. By spreading cheese bring on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut
its rock salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese bring has a downside too—a smell similar to that of bad milk. "I don't really mind it, " Email Norby
told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin's county highway commissions and came up with
the idea of using cheese bring. "Our roads smell like Wisconsin!" he said.
1.Why can cheese bring help keep winter roads ice-free?
A.It is soft. B.It contains salt. C.It is warm. D.It has milk in it.
2.What is a benefit of using cheese brine on roads?
A.Improving air quality. B.Increasing sales of rock salt.
C.Reducing water pollution. D.Saving the cheese industry.
3.Milwaukee's new way to de-ice streets may be an example of .
A.barking up the wrong tree B.putting the cart before the horse
C.robbing Peter to pay Paul D.killing two birds with one stone
【答案】 1.B 2.C3.D
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第三段 "The salt lowers freezing point, causing ice to melt… Cheese brine
has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point." 盐降低了冰点，使冰融化。奶酪盐水
里有盐，和岩盐一样，有助于降低水的冰点。可知答案为B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段 "In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly
option." 除了省钱，奶酪卤水也可能是一个更环保的选择。可知答案为C。
3.推理判断题。根据全文可知，新的路面除冰方法不仅可以省钱，对于环境也有好处，所以满足 D选
项的 "一石二鸟" 。A选项表示精力用在不该有的地方，B选项表示本末倒置，C选项表示借东还西。故
选D。
C篇
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence（毅力）, a
characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University
discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American
families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement inschool.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers." Padilla-Walker said. "This research also
helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can he taught-are key to a child's life success."
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style. Authoritative parenting is
not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the
following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father; responsibility and the reasons behind
rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy（自主权）.
In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key
finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop
persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined la to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that
single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.
1.What is special about the RYU professors' study?
A.It centered on fathers'role in parenting.
B.It was based on a number of large families.
C.It analyzed different kinds of parenting style's.
D.It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
2.What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A.Ignore their demands. B.Make decisions for them.
C.Control their behaviors. D.Explain the rules to them.
3.Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A.Single parents. B.Children aged from 11 to 14.
C.Authoritarian fathers. D.Mothers in two-parent homes.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers
B.Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future
C.Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father
D.Family Relationship Influences School Performance
【答案】 1.A 2.D3.A 4.C
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第1段最后一句话”Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered
that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence ".可知“BYU的研究者发现父亲在帮助自己青春期的孩子学会坚持这件事上有独特的地位" ，所以他们的研究重在父亲在育儿中的作
用，故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第 4 段第 2 句话 "Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or
controlling.“权威型父母不是专制主义者：死板的、要求高的或者有掌控欲的" ，所以当权威型父亲抚养孩
子时，他肯定不会忽视他们的需求、为他们做决定或者控制他们的行为，所以排除 ABC，D选项 "给他们
解释规则" 符合题意，故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话，Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a
role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research. "单亲家庭可能仍然在教孩子坚
持的好处上有作用，这是将来研究的一种途径" ，所以将来的研究可能会关注单亲家庭，故选A。
4.主旨大意题。本篇文章按照总-分的结构，讲述了父亲对于青春期孩子的影响，C选项 "孩子倾向于
从父亲那儿学习做决定" 符合题意，故选C。
2020 江苏
A篇1.What happened between January 20 and February 20?
A.The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan.
B.The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference.
C.The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.
D.Beijing lowered its emergency response level.
2.From which date were private cars allowed to go out of Wuhan?
A.January 23. B.March 11. C.April 8. D.May 7.
【答案】 1.A 2.C
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据表格中 Jan 20, 2020 — Feb 20，2020部分Jan 27: The Central Steering
Group arrived in Wuhan.可知，在一月二十号到二月二十号之间，中央领导小组抵达武汉。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据表格中 Mar 18, 2020 — Apr 28, 2020 部分 Apr 8: Wuhan lifted outbound traffic
restrictions.4月8日：武汉取消出境交通限制，可知，从四月八日起，私家车被允许离开武汉。故选 C。
【考查方式】事实细节题；推理判断题B篇
Sometimes it's hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent
their country's past-age-old castles, splendid homes… and red phone boxes.
Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phone
boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have
reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator
machines (除颤器).
The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert
Scott, the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British
streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them
away to the junkyards.
About that time, Tony Inglis' engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the
streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and
selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed
as historic buildings.
As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and
villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often
just as important for the community as their original purpose.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a
lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for 1 pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.
Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates
repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.
The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of
the boxes generated around 400 to rent.
Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. "I like what they are to people,
and I enjoy bringing things back," he said.
1.The phone boxes are making a comeback .
A.to form a beautiful sight of the city B.to improve telecommunications services
C.to remind people of a historical period D.to meet the requirement of green economy2.Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?
A.They were not well-designed. B.They provided bad services.
C.They had too short a history. D.They lost to new technologies.
3.The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of .
A.their new appearance and lower prices B.the push of the local organizations
C.their changed roles and functions D.the big funding of the businessmen
【答案】 1.C 2.D3.C
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段Sometimes it's hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply
to institutions and objects that represent their country's past — age-old castles, splendid homes... and red phone
boxes.（有时候真的很难放手。对许多英国人来说，这可以适用于代表他们国家过去历史的机构和物品
——古老的城堡、辉煌的住宅……还有红色的电话亭）和最后一段中Inglis said phone boxes called to mind
an age when things were built to last.（英格利斯说，电话亭让人想起了一个东西经久耐用的时代）可知，电
话亭正在卷土重来，以提醒人们一个历史时期。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes
began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
（在成为英国许多街道的重要组成部分后，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失，随着移动电话的兴起，大
部分电话亭被扔到了垃圾场）可知，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用是因为它们输给了新技术。故
选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第五段 As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes
began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar
sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.（随着英格利斯和
后来的其他商人开始工作，重新利用的电话亭开始在城市和乡村重新出现，人们发现了它们的新用途。今
天，它们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，扮演着与它们最初的目的同样重要的角色）和第六段中 In rural areas,
where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.（在农
村地区，救护车要花相当长的时间才能到达，电话亭就起到了拯救生命的作用）以及第七段中 Others also
looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities.（其他人也在电话亭寻找商机）可知，电话亭之所以
变得流行，主要是因为它们的角色和功能发生了变化。故选C。
C篇
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eatingfirst, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been
known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise
healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the
men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed
that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped
breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the
other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat
tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed
lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.
As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other
hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.
Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these
genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout
the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men
had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip
eating first.
1.The underlined expression "stomach it" in Paragraph 1 most probably means " ".
A.digest the meal easily B.manage without breakfast
C.decide wisely what to eat D.eat whatever is offered
2.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C.They could walk at an average speed.D.They had slow metabolic rates.
3.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?
A.They successfully lost weight. B.They consumed a bit more calories.
C.They burned more fat on average. D.They displayed higher insulin levels.
4.What could be learned from the research?
A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D
【解析】1.词句猜测题。根据下文 working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than
eating first早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼更健康，可知，这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推
测画线词部分与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men,
whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us.可知，他们首先找到了10个超重
的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，不管怎样，他们的生活方式代表了我们大多数人。可知，实验时选择的10个
人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第六段中 As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than
when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories, on average, during the workout
after breakfast than after fasting.可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们先吃东西再散步所燃烧的脂
肪要多。另一方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早
饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from
exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.可知，这些结果的含义是，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先
不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。
B篇
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on
a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often
than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village
without running water or electricity. It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little
misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer.
I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same
language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match
ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, "In your home, do you have a
moon too?" I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe
(敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world, In Juan's world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan's
world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and
found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan's
village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that
way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan's question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part,
an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of
insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and
do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they
appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system
discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The
second drawer began to fill and as it did, I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just
species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for
these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of
scientists, usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the
same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of
exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the
stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that
insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when
something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A.Out of place. B.Full of joy. C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.
2.What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A.He learned more about the local language.
B.They had a nice conversation with each other.
C.They understood each other while playing.
D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
3.Why was the author surprised at Juan's question about the moon?
A.The question was too straightforward. B.Juan knew so little about the world.
C.The author didn't know how to answer. D.The author didn't think Juan was sincere.
4.What was the author's initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A.To sort out what we have known. B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C.To improve his reputation as a biologist. D.To learn more about local cultures.
5.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently. B.They followed other scientists closely.
C.They often criticized their fellow scientists. D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.
6.What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.The Possible and the Impossible B.The Known and the Unknown
C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent
【答案】 1.A 2.C3.B 4.A 5D 6B
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs,
and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不
会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可
知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and
shots. We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的
语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中“In Juan's world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”在Juan的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。可知，Juan对这个世界知之甚少。故选
B。
4.推理判断题。根据第七段中“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new
spider..., and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general
discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species... I started a third drawer for these big
discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新猴子、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的
抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现：在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物
种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。可知，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知
道的事情。故选A。
5细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the
point of exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注
意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家通过进行深入
细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D。
6主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一来到这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过
与当地人接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程
中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为
“已知和未知的事物”。故选B。
2020 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）
A篇 POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your
life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the
winner's choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and
Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szaboand pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-
shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
1.How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.
2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A.A plane ticket. B.A book by Corinne Szabo.
C.A special T-shirt. D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3.Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A.Typing your poem out. B.Writing a poem of 120 words.
C.Using both sides of the paper. D.Mailing your entry on October 30.
【答案】 1.A 2.C 3.B
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners,
a parent and one other person of the winner's choice.可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选
择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable
mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都
将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem
using 100 words or fewer.可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。结合选项可知，B
选项（写一首120字的诗）是会被取消资格的。故选B。
B篇
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning anursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and
became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from
the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,
working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After
graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her
career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau
Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year
degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received
great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills,
and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲)
to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my
heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her
children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation
graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that's pretty powerful.
1.What did Jennifer do after high school?
A.She helped her dad with his work. B.She ran the family farm on her own.
C.She supported herself through college. D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
2.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?
A.To take care of her kids easily. B.To learn from the best nurses.
C.To save money for her parents. D.To find a well-paid job there.
3.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A.Her health. B.Her time with family.
C.Her reputation. D.Her chance of promotion.
4.What can we learn from Jennifer's story?
A.Time is money. B.Love breaks down barriers.
C.Hard work pays off. D.Education is the key to success.
【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中 After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.（高中毕业后，
Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院。通过打工来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育）
可知，高中毕业后，Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学学业，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported
herself through college.（她自食其力读完了大学）符合以上说法，故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in
Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be
home in the evening to help with her kids.（她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，
因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennifer
选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾孩子。A. To take
care of her kids easily.（为了方便照顾她的孩子）符合以上说法，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids
and missing important events to study.（Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待
在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动）可知，为了实现自己的目标，Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时
光。B. Her time with family.（她与家人共处的时光）符合以上说法，故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with
honors.（虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业）和 However, her
children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation
graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that's pretty powerful.（然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位
的过程中学到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大
的。）可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时
也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays
off.（努力会得到回报）符合以上说法，故选C。
C篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that . Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, wheremillions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
1.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A.His friends' invitation. B.His interest in the country.
C.His love for teaching. D.His desire to regain health.
2.What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Developing a serious mental disease. B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
3.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.
4.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To introduce a book. B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer. D.To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段中 A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所
吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让 Bissell先生再
次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
2.代词指代题。根据第一段最后一句 A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.（几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章）可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事。故
选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr. Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，
也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr. Bissell欣赏到了建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀
疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒
会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他
经历了很多事情。结合选项可知，B选项（充满事件的，多事的）可以表达此意。故选B。
4.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书
《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。可知，本文的
写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
D 篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of hiseating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
1.What is the recent study mainly about?
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
2.What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
4.On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph?
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
【答案】 1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,
both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.可知，根据《消费
者研究》杂志最近的一项研究表明，我们的饮食伙伴的胖瘦和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此
这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据前半句And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier
people who order large portions可知，现有的研究认为，你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。
后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是 the beanpoles with big appetites。由 contrary to 可推断出，画线词和
heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项可知，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people相反。故
选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段中 To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers
conducted two experiments.可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒
数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平
常多。然而，当演员瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如
何影响参与者。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bitbecause I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and
keep slim, why can't I?”如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。
但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多并且保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 可知，我们是
根据我们对他人的看法来调整影响的。故选C。
2020 年海南
A篇
Pali Ovemight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to
street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.
Broadcasting Camp
Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news
station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire
camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent Camp
In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever.
Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by
learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.
Culinary Camp
If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn
technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their
families.
Street Art Camp
This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and
imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to
create the coolest mural（壁画）which will be displayed in public for all to see.
1.How many camps does Pali Ovemight Adventures offer this summer?
A.2. B.4. C.17. D..21.
2.What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp?
A.Create a website. B.Run a news station.
C.Meet a star reporter. D..Hold a dinner party.3.Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?
A.Broadcasting Camp. B.Secret Agent Camp.
C.Culinary Camp. D..Street Art Camp.
【答案】1.C2.B3.C
【解析】1.这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。
细节理解题。根据第一段中 "From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps
being offered." 可知，从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴
利岛有17个露营地。故选：C。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段中 "While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow
campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp." 可知，在经营好我们自
己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主
持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选：B。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 "If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is
definitely the right fit." 可知，如果你的孩子喜欢呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择。由此
可知，Culinary Camp会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。故选：C。
B篇
The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years,
dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water
pistol（手枪）.
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistol to me, " I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box."
"What's that? " they asked.
"It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren, " replied.
"You don't have grandchildren, " someone said.
"I don't know, " I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to
describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken
away-since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I wouldreturn the belonging.
The years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then
someone said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on, instead of coming to ask their possessions
back, the students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon."
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They
enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas l received a surprise gift—a large,
beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality.
1.What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students?
A.To collect the water pistol. B.To talk about her grandchildren.
C.To recommend some toys. D..To explain her teaching method.
2.What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?
A.The student's parent. B.The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C.The author's grandchild. D..The owner of the forbidden fruit.
3.What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon?
A.They went to play with the baby. B.They asked to see the Grandma's Box.
C.They made a present for Gordon. D..They stopped asking their toys back.
4.What can we infer about the author?
A.She enjoys telling jokes. B.She is a strict and smart teacher.
C.She loves doing woodwork. D..She is a responsible grandmother.
【【答案】】1.A2D.3D.4.B
【解析】
1.这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个 "奶奶的盒子"
的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞
节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将 "奶奶的盒子" 变成了现实。细节理解题。根据第一段中 I was back
teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book
bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.（在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里
掏出的各种各样的 "禁果" 。现在流行的是水枪）以及第三段中 "Please bring that pistol to me, " I said. "I'm
going to put it in my Grandma's Box." （"请把那支水枪给我，" 我说。 "我要把它放在我 '奶奶的盒子'
里。"）由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选：A。
2.词义猜测题。根据划线词后文 "I would return the belonging." 结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩
具称为 "禁果" ，且作者的 "盒子" 里装的就是 "禁果" ，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为 "禁果的拥有者" 。故选：D。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 "From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the
students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon." （从那时起，学生们不再来要求归
还他们的财物，而是说："没关系。把它放在你 '奶奶给戈登的盒子' 里"）由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登
的出生后，他们不再索要玩具。故选：D。
4.推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的 "禁果" ，说明作者对待学
生很严格；同时作者又想出了 "奶奶的盒子" 这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由此可
推知，作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选：B。
C篇
In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so
people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50, 000 people to show up. Instead, as many as
800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250, 000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something
terrible: the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry.
Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of
people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to
engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about
disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the
sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or
engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context
in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality
materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with
seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion
of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is, " Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
1.What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?
A.It carried more weight than it could. B.It swayed violently in a strong windC.Its roadway was damaged by vehicles D..Its access was blocked by many people.
2.Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?
A.No design is well received everywhere
B.Construction is more important than design.
C.Not all disasters are caused by engineering design.
D..Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
3.What does the last paragraph suggest?
A.Failure can lead to progress. B.Success results in overconfidence.
C.Failure should be avoided. D..Success comes from joint efforts.
4.What is the text?
A.A news report. B.A short story.
C.A book review. D..A research article.
【答案】1A2C3A4C
【解析】1这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工
程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
细节理解题。根据文章第一段 "In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party…By the
time 250, 000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what
turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway" 可以看出，
1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行。当25万人在桥上时，工程师
们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因
此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选：A。
2推理判断题。根据文章第三段 "Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the
person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view
to consider the larger context in which such failures occur…suddenly, it does not work at all anymore." 可知，虽
然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯
基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾
难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选：C。
3细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 "It is failure that brings improvement." 可知，失败才能带来进步。
因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选：A。
4文章来源题。根据文章第二段 "The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure,a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns." 可知，这个故事是
《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面
两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价。由此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因此这篇文章
是书评，故选：C。
D篇
Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a
single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480
varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet—storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant
amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall
trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest
animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually
touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and
make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump
or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is
actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches
of rain a year is normal—and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain—
your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours,
streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of
rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
1.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?
A.They produce oxygen. B.They cover a vast area.
C.They are well managed. D..They are rich in wildlife.
2.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?
A.Heavy rains. B.Big trees.
C.Small plants. D..Forest animals
3.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?A.For more sunlight. B.For more growing space.
C.For self-protection. D..For the detection of insects.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Life-Giving Rainforests B.The Law of the Jungle
C.Animals in the Amazon D..Weather in Rainforests
【【答案】】1D. 2.B 3.C 4.A
【解析】
本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为 "世界上最大的药房"，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热
带雨林也享有 "地球之肺" 的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨
林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段 "Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and
animals." 得知，热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生
动物，故选：D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段 Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the
tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest
animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，
高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的
伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选：B。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段 "Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases
and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars." 得知，科学家们认为，这是植物防止树木
疾病传播的一种方式，也会让毛毛虫等食叶昆虫的生活更加困难。可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免
彼此触碰是为了自我保护，故选：C。
4.最佳标题题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次，热
带雨林就是地球的肺——它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳，并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。然后，雨林可以自我
形成所需降雨的75%，而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云，这些雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。
可以判断出本文最佳标题是 "给予生命的热带雨林"，故选：A。2019.1 上海
B篇
MTLEDANON ICE CENTER *900 CEDAR BOULEVARD*
PITTSBURGH, PA 15228
（412）561-4363 www. mtlebanon. org
WHO: Skaters of all ages and abilities. Must be 3 years of age and potty trained.
Any Preschool Kindergarten age child who has never taken lessons at the Mr. Lebanon Ice Center needs to be
evaluated.
The On-line registration feature does not apply to evaluation registration.
Evaluation dates and times are listed below.
EVALUATIONS: Evaluations help to determine both readiness and class placement. Upon completion of the
evaluation, it is recommended that you register for classes with an associate located in the ice center booth. A
variety of days and times for the evaluations are also listed online and at the Ice Center.
Evaluation registration may be done in person or by phone at 412-561-4363.
DAY EVALUATION DATES TIME EVALUATION FEE
Saturday June 2, 2018 12:00 p.m. $5.00
Sunday June 3, 2018 12:00 p.m. $500
Monday June 4, 2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $500
Wednesday June 6, 2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00
Thursday June 7, 20l8 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00
Additional evaluation dates may be offered for session Ⅱ.
REFUND POLICY: Refund requests must be made a minimum of 7 days prior to event. See www.
mtlebanon. org. for details.
REGISTRATION:
In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a.m.
9:00 p.m. or Sunday 9:00 a.m. 5:30 p.m.
By Phone-Call the Ice Center at （412）561-4363 to schedule your skating evaluation appointmentMake checks payable to: Mt. Lebanon, PA visa, Master Card, &Debit Cards accepted
QLESTIONS: Please call the Mt. Lebanon Ice Center staff at （412）561-4363.LeboALERT-A FREE
notification service（phone, text, e-mail）. In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about
cancellations and recreation department programs and events. Please visit www. mtlebanon. org. and sign up for
LeboALERT. All recreation participants should sign up, and at minimum select the "Cancellations" category.
2.Mary's mother wants to registers the evaluation for her daughter. Which time as follows is suitable for her to
go to the center?
A.Monday 8:30 a.m. B.Wednesday 2 p.m.
C.Friday 9:30 p.m. D.Sunday 6:00 p.m.
3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.The evaluation is intended for all preschool and kindergarten children.
B.Refund requests can be accepted within 7 days after the registration.
C.Participants who sign up for Lebo Alert can receive free notification about the event.
D.Evaluation registration can be done in person, by phone or on-line.
2019.3 天津
A篇
Welcome to University of Waikato. Our mission is to create a welcoming environment in which residents feel
comfortable, safe and a sense of belonging.
Student Village and Waikato Apartments
Waikato Accommodation Services offers two types of residential accommodation: Student Village and
Waikato Apariments.
Student Village consists of fifteen independent units. Each contains five bedrooms, toilet facilities, and a
shared kitchen with a fridge and cupboard. There is also a games room and a TV room.
Waikato Apartments are situated in a three-level apartment building. Each level has four apartments containing
six bedrooms, toilet facilities, and a kitchen. Each level has a shared area with a TV, a study desk and easy chairs.
Security and SafetyCampus Security is available to assist 24 hours, 7 days a week. If you see anything suspicious, please call
Campus Security on 0800863800.
Please ensure that you have your own insurance for your personal belongings as Waikato Accommodation
Services takes no responsibility for any theft or damage to personal belongings.
Housekeeping and Maintenance
Housckeeping staff service all shared areas. Residents are responsible for keeping their rooms, kitchens and
shower rooms clean and tidy.
Maintenance staff ensure necessary repairs to facilities are mads. If your room or other shared area needs
maintenance, please inform the Accommodation Office. Maintenance staff may be required to enter your room to
tend to a maintenance request—this will be prearranged.
Termination（终止）of Residence and Checking Out
You are required to pay accommodation fees for the full period of the residency contract. At the and of your
contract you must arrange a time with the office staff to cheek out. A room inspection will take place and you will
be responsible for payment for any damage or missing items. If you fail to check out in this manner, the staff will
hold an inspection in your absence and assess whether any payment is required.
1.What facilities are available in both Student Village and Waikato Apartments?
A.Kitchen and TV. B.Study desk and fridge.
C.Cupboard and study room. D.Games room and toilet facilities.
2.What should you do when you suspect that someone is destroying school facilities?
A.Report to the insurance company. B.Contact Campus Security.
C.Inform the assistant teacher. D.Call Waikato Accommodation Services.
3.The responsibility of the maintenance staff includes .
A.making plans for Accommodation Office B.monitoring the use of kitchen facilities
C.fixing a broken window D.cleaning shower rooms
4.If you can't check out in the required way, the staff will .
A.ask you to pay higher accommodation feds
B.assess whether an inspection is necessary
C.still carry out the room inspection
D.wait until you can arrange a timeB篇
An unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu （臭豆腐）settled onto my
grandmother's dinner table. I immediately sat back. The smell ruined my appetite, and I pushed the dish away.
"It's supposed to stink. Just give it a try!" my grandmother said.
Holding my breath, I unwillingly took a bite. To my surprise, the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm, soft,
and mouthwatering. Since then, whenever I visited my grandmother's house, I would rush to the kitchen for the
stinky tofu with excitement. Thus, stinky tofu became more than a household tradition. It became my favorite dish.
Along with the stinky tofu, I would meet my Uncle Chan on every visit. As an immature boy, I never
understood my uncle's condition of Down syndrome（唐氏综合征）. He was an unfriendly and terrible creature in
my eyes. He constantly walked around the house, talking to himself. Whenever he was within view, I would run
away in fear.
However, one day, my view of my uncle suddenly changed. I was just getting out of my bed when I heard soft
steps approaching. It was my uncle. My muscles froze. He slowly sat next to me and touched my face gently, as a
mother would stroke（抚摸） a baby. A wide smile emerged from his blank expression. How beautiful his smile
was! I could not help but smile back. My fear disappeared gradually, and my muscles relaxed. For the first time, I
could see softness and warmth in his eyes.
My uncle very much resembled stinky tofu. Stinky tofu smells unpleasant on the outside, yet feels warm and
soft on the inside. Like stinky tofu, my uncle's Down syndrome made me keep my distance at first. Yet, I learned
that deep inside, he is harmless and has a loving nature.
Some people tend to look down upon disabled people and regard them as unfit for a regular life. As I was
unable to see through the outer surface of the tofu, these people are unable to see through the surface of prejudice
（偏见）. As a result, they judge the disabled with one glance.
The outside and inside of the stinky tofu exist as two extremely different worlds. Perhaps that is what makes it
such a tasty dish. Not only is it delicious, stinky tofu offers a valuable lesson: never judge people at first glance, for
true beauty comes from the inside.
1.Why did stinky tofu become the author's favorite dish?
A.It was related to family tradition. B.It turned out to be quite delicious.
C.Grandma encouraged him to try it. D.His appetite for food had increased.
2.What did the author think of his uncle at first?A.He was a quiet person. B.He was an energetic guy.
C.He was an immature man. D.He was a strange creature.
3.The author's attitude towards Uncle Chap changed when .
A.Chan's footsteps woke up the author
B.Chan showed his friendliness to the author
C.Chan displayed his love towards his mother
D.Chan's blank expression made the author smile
C篇
Essentially, everyone has two ages: a chronological （按年计算的） ages, how old the calendar says you
are, and a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to averages or health levels.
"Chronological age is not how old we really are. It is merely a number, " said Professor David Sinclair at
Harvard University. "It is biological age that determines our health and ultimately our lifespan. We all age
biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment
we live in Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in
our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.”
To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine biomarkers（生物标志）that
seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood
sugar and immune（免疫的）measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm（算式，算法）does the
rest.
Perhaps what's most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information
and help patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. "I think
the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren't set in stone, " Levine said. "People can be
given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it's too late."
Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by the results. "I always
considered myself a very healthy person. I'm physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did
not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake-up call." she said.
Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their
biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. "No one wants to
live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic（慢性的）diseases, " Levine said. "By delaying the developmentof mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the
ideal we should be pursuing."
1.Biological age depends on .
A.whether we can adapt ourselves to the environment
B.how well our body works compared with our peers
C.when we start to take outdoor exercise
D.what the calendar says about our age?
D篇
When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major in comparative literature. But, once I found out my
friends were going into "real" majors, like marketing, nursing, and engineering, I figured I needed to do the same to
ensure a good career. So I changed my mind and chose Business Management as my major. I forced myself to
believe that I would enjoy it and succeed in the future, but eventually I exhausted myself understanding the
economy and trying new marketing technique. Coming out of this experience, I realize it is ok to be different from
others and to study things like classics, art history and other majors offered in the College of Humanities（人文学
科）!
The worries most people have about a Humanities degree and finding a career afterwards are that the majors
are too abstract, and one will not obtain any applicable skills. Actually ideas discussed in Humanities classes, which
are occasionally different from what people commonly believe, offer a broad perspective（视角） How could one
effectively be an unbiased （无偏见的） writer with only a knowledge of the popular opinion of society? How
could one speak persuasively with closed minds? Only seeing the world through a single perspective leads to
missed learning, missed friendships, and missed growth! With a broaden perspective, we will be more free, more
open-minded, and less limited in what we can become!
STEM （science, technology, engineering, and mathematics） graduates learn actual skills in their studies,
while humanities majors learn "soft skills” like communicating effectively through writing critically and speaking
persuasively, synthesizing（综合）ideas through gathering and interpreting information, and developing cultural
awareness. Do those soft skills sound useless and inapplicable to you? Think of it. How often do you communicate
with others? Produce ideas? Encounter people from other cultures? Every day. Every SECOND of every day. So
why not master these skills?
If you choose a major in the College of Humanities, you will be needed. The job market is quickly creatingthousands of openings a week for people who can bring a humanist's grace to our rapidly evolving high-tech future.
Your skills will be valuable to any workplace you hope to be in. Chase after your dream major with all your energy,
no matter what other people think.
1.Why did the author choose Business Management as his major at first?
A.He was tired of learning comparative literature.
B.He came to enjoy learning marketing technique.
C.He wanted to go to the same university as his friends.
D.He believed Business Management was more practical.
2019 江苏
A篇
Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly
memorable.
High energy
If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore
the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at
Poole's Cavern. And don't forget; we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking,
caving, climbing and cycling.
High minde
Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you'll find much to suit all tastes with art, music,
opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man
Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, includingworkshops and events.
Keeping the kids happy
Children love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and there's plenty more to
explore at the Buxton Museum. There's a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and
workshops, and others during school holiday periods.
1.If you want to take an undergounld joumey, which place is the best choice?
A.Poole's Cavern. B.Pavilion Gardens. C.Buxton Museum. D.Green Man Gallery.
2.Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers .
A.rides in small trains B.courses in modcm arts
C.artistic and cultural activities D.basic courses in horse riding
B篇
In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became
puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had
been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that's what accounted for all its hot springs
and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or
Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma（岩浆）piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In
1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the
confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred
feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all
but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn't involve
mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a
vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera
anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a
nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed
to spot the caldera; almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more
than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past
Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
1.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?
A.Its complicated geographical features. B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C.The mysterious history of the park. D.The exact location of the volcano.
C篇
Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing
machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real
impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT（Information and Communication Technology）revolution, represented by the
Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try
to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector
（制造业）with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the
international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This
has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and
Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps
giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making
more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop
computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more
important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term
costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the
technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world".As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening
today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.
Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-
border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the
national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our
fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all
sorts of wrong directions.
1.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to .
A.a lack of confidence in technology B.a slow progress in technology
C.a conflict of public opinions D.a waste of limited resources
D篇
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer's（阿尔兹海默症）. He was
losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family.
Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when
she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa's best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
"Why do this? " Steve wondered.
"Because she cares." Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tears in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she'd love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and
sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But
Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
"It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. "The music was worth saving."
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in
rooms with doors about to be locked.Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He'd move his fingers clumsily on the piano,
and then she'd take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed,
listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new
key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn't play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song.
One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called
it "Melancholy Flower" .
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him "honey" and
encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling
her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve's favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi's help, the
Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve's songs. Joni thought that would be the end.
But it wasn't.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she
had a special one in mind: "Melancholy Flower".
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi
would have to ask Steve's permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve's music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be
shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show,
more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his
life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage.
Her fingers. His heart.
1.Why did Melissa want to save her father's music?
A.His music could stop his disease from worsening.
B.She wanted to please her dying old father.
C.His music deserved to be preserved in the family.D.She wanted to make her father a professional.
2019 全国 1.
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The
deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people
under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this
program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）.
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3, 000 to start and
run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects
for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer
positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for
persons with a disability.
1.What is special about Summer Company?
A.It requires no training before employment.
B.It provides awards for running new businesses.
C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.D.It offers more summer job opportunities.
2.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.
3.Which program favors the disabled?
A.Jobs for Youth. B.Summer Company.
C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D.Summer Employment Opportunities.
B篇
For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it's Chris
Palaez's turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who
would enjoy public speaking.
But he's nervous. "I'm here to tell you today why you should … should …" Chris trips on the "-ld, " a
pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him,
whispering support. "… Vote for … me …" Except for some stumbles , Chris is doing amazingly well. When he
brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls（回想起）
how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets
you make mistakes. "It takes a lot for any student, " Whaley explains, "especially for a student who is learning
English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, 'I don't know, but I want to know.'"
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to
raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the
project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）
about themselves.
"Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities, " Whaley says, "is very difficult for a child who came into
the classroom not feeling confident."
1.What made Chris nervous?
A.Telling a story. B.Making a speech.
C.Taking a test. D.Answering a question.C篇
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测
量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are
sill expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around
this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one
types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing
things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person.
Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the
computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch" four times
using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on
how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A.To reduce pressure on keys. B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system. D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning technique develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A.It'll be environment-friendly. B.It'll reach consumers soon.
C.It'll be made of plastics. D.It'll help speed up typing.2019 全国 2.
A篇
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列） of lifestyle books.
Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation
for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss
Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It's about two sisters—Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In
trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are
hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Fynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is
brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit
and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes
out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one
of the scariest characters ever.
2.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?
A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda. C.After Dark. D.The Stand.
3.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A.A folk tale. B.A biography. C.A love story. D.A horror story.
C篇
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits
for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And like more Americans,
she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent） have
breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent） have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating
together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
"I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know? " Bechtel said, looking up from her book.
Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too
often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the
shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself, " she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he
can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to
have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week, " he said.
"It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan."
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have
felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us
company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology, " said Laurie
Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A.To meet with her coworkers. B.To catch up with her work.
C.To have some time on her own. D.To collect data for her report.
D篇
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物） from our bodies grow
uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each
week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But notjust any kids. It is depending on NASAHUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon
and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years,
Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution
（解决方案）. "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, " says
Florence Gold, a project manager.
"There are no tests, " Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no graded, other than
'Are you working towards your goal? ' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year,
present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and… it's not a very nice thing at times. It's
a hard business review of your product."
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响）on college admissions and practical life skills.
"These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon
says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test
in space.
1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A.They are hard to get rid of. B.They lead to air pollution.
C.They appear in different forms. D.They damage the instruments.
3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A.Check their product. B.Guide project designs.
C.Adjust work scheduled. D.Grade their homework.
2019 全国 3.
A篇
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami（折纸术）
artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.
（West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.）
The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen ElizabethⅡ of the UK and her private meetings
with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and
Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.（Schoenfeld, 236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.）
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented
as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.（Public, 425 Lafayette St.212-967-
7555.）
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about
a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs,
for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.（American Airlines Theatre, 227 W.42nd St.212-719-
1300.）
1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?
A.A type of art. B.A teenager's studio.
C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals.
2.Who is the director of The Audience?
A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan.
C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry.
3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
A.Animals Out of Paper. B.The Audience.
C.Hamilton. D.On the Twentieth Century.
B篇
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source（来源）of inspiration for designers, " says Amanda Hill,
chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion（时尚）
shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-
inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese
aesthetics（美学）on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. Theexhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook, " says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—
they are central to its movement." "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—
some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason
Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales, " adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most
famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers, " she says. "China is no longer just
another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about
China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally
acknowledging that in many ways."
1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A.It promoted the sales of artworks. B.It attracted a large number of visitors.
C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
2.What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A.They are setting the fashion. B.They start many fashion campaigns.
C.They admire super models. D.They do business all over the world.
C篇
Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually ＄8 to ＄10 a
year. Today ＄8 or ＄10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most
citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most
newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the
revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"—a term referring to papers made widely available to the
public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in
single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible（but not easy）to buy single copies of
newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy.
Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplacein eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—
and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper" caught the
public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures（企
业）were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had
little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
1.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?
A.Academic. B.Unattractive. C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.
3.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?
A.Local politicians. B.Common people.
C.Young publishers. D.Rich businessmen.
D篇
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of
numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the
monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone who led the team, described the
experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol
would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would
flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the
screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be
rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more
than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each
combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to
underestimate（低估） a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes
choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two
numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）ofthe smaller number to it.
"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. "But in
this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one."
1.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?
A.They fed them. B.They named them.
C.They trained them. D.They measured them.
2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A.By drawing a circle. B.By touching a screen.
C.By watching videos. D.By mixing two drinks.
3.What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A.They could perform basic addition. B.They could understand simple words.
C.They could memorize numbers easily. D.They could hold their attention for long.
2019 北京卷
A篇
Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all
the three with Global Development Association（GDA）. Whatever stage of life you're at, wherever you go and
whatever project you do in GDA, you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community（社区）.
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need
volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.
We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.
Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water,
or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase
your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends.
This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:
Schedule
Country
4-week programmes 7-week programmes
Algeria 5 Jul. -1 Aug 20 Jun. -7 Aug.Egypt 24 Jul. -20 Aug. 19 Jun. -6 Aug.
Kenya 20 Jul. -16 Aug. 18 Jun. -5 Aug.
South Africa 2 Aug. -29 Aug. 15 Jun. -2 Aug.
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is
needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills
while bringing benefits to the communities.
Find out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website: www.glodeve.org
Email: humanresources@glodeve.org
1.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?
A.To seek local partners. B.To take in young volunteers.
C.To carry out programmes. D.To foster cultural awareness.
2.The programme beginning in August will operate in .
A.Egypt B.Algeria C.Kenya D.South Africa
3.The shared goal of GDA's projects is to .
A.explore new cultures B.protect the environment
C.gain corporate benefits D.help communities in need
B篇
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（创业者）, who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the
time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could
save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar.
However, her dad reminded her that sugar treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on
candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that
my parents can't say no to it? " With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company.
He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe
that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral
bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their
first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-CanCandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic
about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can
have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded
her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help
others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination,
it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
2.What is special about CanCandy?
A.It is beneficial to dental health. B.It is free of sweeteners.
C.It is sweeter than other candies. D.It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
3.What does Moore expect from her business?
A.To earn more money. B.To help others find smiles.
C.To make herself stand out. D.To beat other candy companies.
C篇The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they
don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）. We are finally waking up to the
severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent
scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these "solutions" （解决方案）
become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to
be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're
hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation（处理）and automation technologies that
are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year's I/O Conference, a company showed a new
voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a
receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that
robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of
personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more.
Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means,
for example, that a scammed could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice
that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, tricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card
number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone,
and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that
gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work
together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform
way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether
and moving towards data-based communications-using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to
your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
2.Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers can .
A.aim at victims precisely B.damage databases easily
C.start campaigns rapidly D.spread information widely2019 浙江
A篇
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military （军队的） medals for sale in antique
store and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals' frightful owners, and
returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple
Heart with the name Corrado A.G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple
Heart-he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right
away what he had to do.
Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado's sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached
her, the woman flooded him with questions: "Who are you? What antique shop? " However, when she hung
up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove
to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. "At that point, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "To drive eight hours
to come to see me."
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the
Army during WWⅡ, was killed in action in Europe.
Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn't realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals,
the one Zac's mother had found was a family treasure. "This medal was very precious to my parents. Only
on special occasions（场合） would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands, " Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. "But as I grew older, "
Adeline says, "and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left."
Corrado Piccoli's Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in water town.
Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado's medal, Zac
says his record is now 5 for 5.
1.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?
A.In the army. B.In an antique shop.C.From his mother. D.From Adeline Rockko.
2.What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?
A.She was very impolite. B.She was serious about the medal.
C.She suspected his honesty. D.She came from a wealthy family.
3.What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A.Her parents' advice. B.Her knowledge of antique.
C.Her childhood dream. D.Her memory of her brother.
B篇
Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles
last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take
What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board.
"People of all ages, races, and socio-economic （社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, " said Tyler Bridges
of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and
take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties.
The video clip （片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
"What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles, " Bridges said. "There's a
certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took
dollars look only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity
and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on
the Internet.
"After all, everyone has bad days and good days, " he said. "Some days you need a helping hand and some
days you can be the one giving the helping hand."
2.What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A.Women tended to be more sociable. B.The activity attracted various people.
C.Economic problems were getting worse. D.Young couples needed financial assistance.
C篇California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate
change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles
of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the
Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big
trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the
study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has
left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001
and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in
wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers
figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison
with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the
timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising
temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply
available to trees during the dry season.
2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A.Ecological studies of forests. B.Banning woodcutting.
C.Limiting housing development. D.Fire control measures.
3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A.Inadequate snowmelt. B.A longer dry season.
C.A warmer climate. D.Dampness of the air.
2019.6 天津
A篇History Fair Competition
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. History is much
more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today
and who we will become. Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history
exciting, engaging, and fun!
This Year's Theme
All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the
quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held
devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the application of scientific
knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories:
• Performance
• Documentary （纪实作品）
• Essay Writing
Category Requirements
Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are
used, they should truly represent a given period.
Documentary: A visual presentation （such as a video, slide show, or computer project） no more
than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeakers will be available. Students
must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.
Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2, 000 to 2, 500 words. No illustrations （图解）are allowed.
Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.
Important DatesJanuary 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal
if the first is off-topic or unclear.
February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script（剧本） , or
documentary highlights.
February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an
opportunity to improve their products.
March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.
March 15 Performance and documentary committee preview
March 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition
7:00 A.M.—9:00 A.M. Participants signing in at the gym
10:00 A.M.—6:00 P.M. Competition and judges' review
7:00 Р.M. Awards ceremony and picnic
1.According to Paragraph 1, what's the major goal of understanding history?
A.To preserve national traditions. B.To prepare for a history competition.
C.To better know the present and future. D.To further explore historical mysteries.
3.Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are .
A.special clothes and a screen B.a desktop computer and a CD
C.a projector and special clothes D.a desktop computer and loudspeakers
5.What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?
A.Preview performances and documentaries.
B.Make comments on the materials.
C.Improve the participant's first draft.
D.Collect a second proposal from the participant.B篇
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with
books. There was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely
inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, "I can't believe what's printed in the
newspaper this morning, " made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom
and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend
to be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It
seemed an unbending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many
doors. When mom said, "The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf, " I knew where the candy was. My progress in
reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more
slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to
make A's on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. I
liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find
myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and
mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these world I can become anyone. I don't have to write down
what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my
life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are
limitless.
1.Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands?
A.She wanted mom to read the news to her.
B.She was anxious to know what had happened.
C.She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.
D.She couldn't help but stop mom from reading.
2.According to Paragraph 3, the author's reading of road signs indicates .
A.her unique way to locate herselfB.her eagerness to develop her reading ability
C.her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules
D.her growing desire to know the world around her
4.The author takes novel reading as a way to .
A.explore a fantasy land B.develop a passion for learning
C.learn about the adult community D.get away from a confusing world
C篇
How does an ecosystem（生态系统） work? What makes the populations of different species the way they
are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models
of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for
instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物） always eats
huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various
species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is
more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝） of one
of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare,
the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to
extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top
predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the
top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species—including
species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the
ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators
such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us
when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull
an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping
point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?
A.The living habits of species in food webs.
B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator .
A.has a wide food choice B.can easily find new prey
C.sticks to one prey species D.can quickly move to another place
3.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?
A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
5.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?
A.By getting illegal practices under control.
B.By stopping us from killing large predators.
C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
C篇
Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle
against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison.
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote （《堂吉诃德》） . And the story poses an interesting question why
do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seek long before?
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about
those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on
growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization andthen become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the
opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we
can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never
going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to
have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something
larger than our own little egos （自我）, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral
concept.
Many of us equate （视……等同于） "commitment" with such "caring" occupations as teaching and
nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work
toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store—make the world better just by being
the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
1.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .
A.loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B.age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C.misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D.disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
2019.6 上海
A篇
All I had to do for the two dollars was clean her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house,
too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing
machine and a dryer—things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the war, she
had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stockings.
I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub, but I had never seen a
Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn't heated by fire.Part of my pride in working for her was earning money I could squander（浪费）: on movies, candy,
paddleballs, jacks, ice-cream cones. But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to
my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things—an insurance-policy payment or what
was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not
like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, nuisances to be corrected, problems so severe that they
were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide—and it earned
me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult. Confirmations that I was adultlike, not childlike.
In those days, the forties, children were not just loved or liked; they were needed. They could earn money;
they could care for children younger than themselves; they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands
（差事）, and much more. I suspect that children aren't needed in that way now. They are loved, doted on,
protected, and helped. Fine, and yet…
Little by little, I got better at cleaning her house—good enough to be given more to do, much more. I was
ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. I fell carrying
the bookcases. And after pushing the piano my arms and legs hurt so badly. I wanted to refuse, or at least to
complain, but I was afraid she would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the
standing I had at home—although both were slowly being eroded. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price.
Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply gorgeous to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to
school, I bought a few. Until my mother asked me if I really wanted to work for castoffs. So I learned to say "No,
thank you" to a faded sweater offered for a quarter of a week's pay.
Still, I had trouble summoning（鼓起） the courage to discuss or object to the increasing demands she made.
And I knew that if I told my mother how unhappy I was she would tell me to quit. Then one day, alone in the
kitchen with my father, I let drop a few whines about the job. I gave him details, examples of what troubled me, yet
although he listened intently, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. No "Oh, you poor little thing." Perhaps he understood
that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and
said, "Listen. You don't live there. You live here. With your people. Go to work. Get your money. And come on
home."
That was what he said. This was what I heard:
Whatever the work is, do it well—not for the boss but for yourself.
You make the job; it doesn't make you.
Your real life is with us, your family.You are not the work you do; you are the person you are.
I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and morons, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and
narrow. I've had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of
labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above the value of home.
1.What is the "pleasure" of the author from the sentence "The pleasure of being necessary my parents was
profound.（paragraph 3）"?
A.She was proud as she could earn money for her mother.
B.Her own value of being needed.
C.She is distinctive from those children in folktales.
D.She enjoyed a status of being an adult in her family.
4.Which of the following corresponds to the author's views in the passage?
A.Don't regard work achievement as a criterion for evaluating oneself.
B.Hard work is a struggle for a better future in your limited life.
C.Parents are the best teachers of children.
D.Job security is less valuable when compared with family.
B篇
Geographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth. Bridging the natural and social sciences,
Geography is the interdisciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment. It is
important to study geography because many of the world's problems require understanding the interdependence
between human activities and the environment. Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its
theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and
environmental problems. The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of
study.
The Geography—Globalization and Development major will provide students with a sophisticated
understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in
national and international development. Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole, this major emphasizes
an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well-being by
combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum.
Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising. Several of our faculty membershave received teaching awards, and we are known across campus for the quality of our advising. As a geography
major, you will meet one-on-one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week, and you are
always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise. In
addition to advising our students about their academic programs, we provide timely information about internships,
nationally competitive awards, and other opportunities as they arise. Many of our students complete internships and
several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards.
For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose
information is listed above.
Admissions Information
Freshmen/First-Year Admission
No requirements beyond University admission requirements.
Change of Program Policy
No selective or limited admission requirements.
External Transfer Admission
No requirements beyond University admission requirements.
Opportunities Upon Graduation
With a liberal arts degree in Geography—Globalization and Development, students are prepared for
employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of
community and international development. This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector
in an international context. Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school
or law school, with research and professional interest in academic fields, including, but not limited to, geography,
public affairs and policy, development studies, and community and regional planning.
Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full-time job postings for Ohio University students and
alumni on Handshake, OHIO's key resource for researching jobs, employers, workshops, and professional
development events.
1.Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage?A.A freshman who has studied in a university.
B.A college student majoring in geography.
C.A senior high school graduate interested in geography.
D.A high school graduate who wants to find a job.
2.What are the advantages of choosing the geography major in this university in terms of employment?
A.Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems.
B.Understanding contemporary global issues.
C.Getting one-on-one information on geography teaching.
D.Achieving more international opportunities.
C篇
Composite image of Europe and North Africa at night, 2016. Credit: NASA Earth Observatory images by
Joshua Stevens, using Suomi NPP VIIRS data from Miguel Román, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress: the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back
the night; it illuminates. But a chorus of scientists and advocates argues that unnaturally bright nights are bad not
just for astronomers but also for nocturnal（夜间活动的）animals and even for human health.
Now research shows the night is getting even brighter. From 2012 to 2016 the earth's artificially lit area
expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year（map）, according to a study published last November in Science
Advances. Even that increase may understate the problem, however. The measurement excludes light from most of
the energy-efficient LED lamps that have been replacing sodium-vapor technology in cities all over the world, says
lead study author Christopher Kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the German Research Center for Geosciences in
Potsdam.
The new data came from a NASA satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
（VIIRS）. It can measure long-wavelengths of light, such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange
sodium-vapor street lamps. But VIIRS cannot see the short-wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs. This
light has been shown to disrupt human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals' behavior.
Credit: Mapping Specialists; Source: "Artificially Lit Surface of Earth at Night Increasing in Radiance and
Extent, " by Christopher C. M. Kyba et al., in Science Advances, Vol. 3, No. 11, Article No. E1701528; November
22, 2017.
The team believes the ongoing switch to LEDs caused already bright countries such as Italy, the Netherlands,Spain and the U.S. To register as having stable levels of illumination in the VIIRS data. In contrast, most nations in
South America, Africa and Asia brightened, suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting. Australia actually
appeared to lose lit area—but the researchers say that is because wildfires skewed the data.
"The fact that VIIRS finds an increase（in many countries）, despite its blindness in the part of the spectrum
that increased more, is very sad, " says FabioFalchi, a researcher at Italy's Light Pollution Science and Technology
Institute, who did not participate in the study. In 2016 Falchi, along with Kyba and several other members of his
research team, published a global atlas of artificial lighting that showed one third of the world's population
currently lives under skies too bright to see the Milky Way at night.
The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost savings. Between
2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13
percent. And overall, countries' total light production correlated with their GDP. In other words, Kyba says, "we
buy as much light as we are willing to spend money on."
1.Which is not true about the spread of lit areas?
A.Lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year.
B.Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress.
C.The increase in GDP is due to the increase in light.
D.It is bad for nocturnal animals and even for human health.
2.Which of the following about VIIRS is NOT true according to the passage?
A.It is a kind of NASA satellite device.
B.It can record and analyze long-wavelength light.
C.The blue light generated by white LEDs can disrupt human sleep cycles.
D.VIIRS has found an increase of traditional lighting in lots of nations.
3.According to the article, what we can know about the LEDs?
A.Artificial LED lights at nights are harmful to people's health.
B.It is a sign of civilization in modern society.
C.The blue light disrupts human and animal's life cycles.
D.Artificially lit surface of Earth increasing because of LEDs.