专题13 主谓一致
一、主谓一致概念表述
主谓一致（主语和谓语一致），是指谓语动词和主语要在人称和数上保持一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词
用三单；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。它通常依据三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
二、主谓一致三原则
语法一致原则（谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，单则单，复则复）
1. 由and 连接两个单词作主语时，要看其意义来决定谓语动词的用三单还是用复数。
（1）表示两个不同对象，谓语动词用复数形式。
John and Mary are my friends. John 和Mary 都是我的朋友。
The worker and the writer have come to the meeting.
那位工人和那位作家都来参加会议了。
（2）如果表示的是同一个整体或者指的是同一个事物，谓语动词用三单（即the+单数名词+and+单数名词。
The worker and writer has come. 那位工人作家来了。
Fish and chips is a popular supper here.
炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。
（3）两个单数名词前面有every, each, no 等修饰时，谓语动词用三单。
Every boy and every girl wants to help the farmers pick oranges.
每个男孩和每个女孩都想去帮农民摘桔子。
2. 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything,
nothing, something, everything, everyone everybody 等作主语时，谓语动词用三单。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用电话。
Is everybody here today? 今天大家到了吗？
3. 主语+介词（短语）：with, except, like, over, besides, as well as, rather than, more than, together with, along
with，including, in addition to，but 等连接的名词或代词时，谓语以介词（短语）前面的主语为准。这个原
则也被称作就远原则。
I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿意帮助你。
A woman with two children is over here at the bus stop.
一个带着两个小孩的妇女在公共汽车站的那儿。
4.单个动名词或动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用三单。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛健康有益。
To play in the street is dangerous. 在大街上玩耍是危险的。
5.both, few, a few, many, several, others 作主语，或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Both boys are clever. 这两个男孩都聪明。
Some students are doing their homework.Others are listening to music.
一些学生在写作业。其他学生在听音乐。
A few people live to 100, but few live to 150.
有的人可以活到100 岁，但没有人可以活到150 岁。
We stood up, thinking through the possibilities. There weren't many.
我们站起来，考虑着各种可能的情况，并无多少。
6. much 修饰不可数名词作主语时谓语动词要用三单。
There is much food in the kitchen.厨房里有很多食物。
7.too/so much 修饰不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用三单。too/so many 作主语或修饰复数名词作主语时谓语
用复数。
There is too/so much rubbish here.这里有太多的垃圾。
There are too/so many new words in this passage.这篇文章中生词太多。
8.疑问词引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用三单形式。主语从句后面的谓语是be 动词，如果其后的表
语是单数名词、形容词或介词短语，be 动词用三单形式。如果表语是复数名词，be 动词要用复数形式。
What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
What the school needs are qualified teachers.
这个学校需要的是合格的老师。
What I have to tell you is very simple.我必须告诉你的事情非常简单。
What they did was in vain.他们做的事情是徒劳的。
What he wants are four pens.他想要的是4 支钢笔。
9.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。
I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure.
我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。
10.“many a 或more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用三单。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
11.a number of 表示“大量”，要接复数名词，该结构作主语时谓语要用复数。a great deal of 表示“大量”，
要接不可数名词，该结构作主语时谓语要用三单。
A number of students have gone for an outing.
许多学生去远足了。
There is a great deal of food here.这里有大量的食物。
12.some/any 修饰复数名词作主语时谓语用复数，some/any 修饰不可数名词作主语时谓语用三单。some/any
指代不可数名词作主语时谓语要用三单，some/any 指代复数名词作主语时谓语要用复数。
There aren’t any girls here.
Some are my friends.
意义一致原则
（1）形式为单数但意义为复数的名词作主语时，如police, cattle 等，谓语动词用复数。
The police have not made any arrests.
警方未逮捕任何人。
（2）以“-s”结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的名词作主语时，如maths, physics, politics, news 等，谓语动词
用单数。
Maths is my favorite subject.
数学是我最喜欢的科目。
（3）表示某国人总称的名词作主语时，如the Chinese, the British, the Irish 等，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese are hard-working.
中国人民是勤劳的。
（4）单复数同形的名词作主语时，如 sheep，deer，means，works（工厂）等，谓语动词的数与实际意义
一致。
Three sheep are eating grass there.
三只羊正在那里吃草。
A sheep is lying there.
有只羊正躺在那里。
（5）表示一类人的the poor/ rich/ dead/ injured/ wounded 等和“the＋姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复
数。
The Greens are going to Paris.
格林一家要去巴黎。
（6）集体名词作主语时，如 family, class, crew team, group, audience, committee, crowd, government 等，谓
语动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词被作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；如果
指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
The whole class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.
这个班由25 个男生和20 个女生组成。（强调class 这一整体）
The whole class are doing experiments.
全班学生正在做实验。（强调class 里的各个成员）
就近一致原则
是指谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
1.由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与
最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it.
吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。
Neither her younger brothers nor she is willing to return.
她和她的弟弟们都不愿意回来。
Not only Tom but also his parents have been tired of telling the story.
不仅汤姆而且他的父母都厌倦了讲述这个故事。
2.在There be 句型及Here 开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保
持一致。
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。
many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
①由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最邻近的主语在人
称和数上保持一致。
②在There be 句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式由最邻近的主语决定。
many a/more than one
③
＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
三、主谓一致注意事项及解题技巧小结
1.定语从句中的主谓一致：
关系代词 (who, which, that) 在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与关系代词的先行词 在人称和数上保
持一致。
He is one of those people who always help others. (who 的先行词是 people (复数)，所以从句用 help)
He is the only one of those people who always helps others. (加了 the only 后，who 的先行词变成了 one (单
数)，所以从句用 helps)
2.倒装句中的主谓一致：
在倒装句中（如以 Here/There/Now/Then 开头，或地点状语前置），谓语动词应与后面的主语保持一致。
Here comes the bus. (主语是单数 bus)
Here come the buses. (主语是复数 buses)
On the wall hang two pictures. (主语是复数 pictures)
3.“分数/百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语： 同“不定代词作主语”第4 点，根据 of 后面名词的单复数决定
谓语动词的单复数。
Three-fourths of the earth's surface is covered by water. (surface 不可数/单数)
Three-fourths of the students are from China. (students 可数复数)
4.解题技巧小结：
找准主语： 忽略修饰语（如介词短语 with..., including... 等），找到句子的核心主语。
判断单复数：
看主语的形式（单数名词？复数名词？不可数名词？代词？）
看主语的意义（强调整体还是个体？表示数量还是种类？）
注意特殊结构： 遇到并列连词 (and, or, nor, not only...but also)、不定代词、集体名词、表示数量的短语、
倒装句、定语从句等，要特别留意对应的规则。
语境决定： 特别是集体名词和某些意义一致的情况，需要根据上下文理解作者是强调整体还是个体。
掌握主谓一致需要理解规则并结合大量的练习来培养语感。在做题时，务必仔细分析句子结构，准确判断
主语及其单复数意义。
四、主谓一致能力提升练
1．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）The reason why the lake smells terrible is that large quantities of water
(pollute) in the last few years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Neither I nor Cathy (do) well in knitting a sweater now. (所
给词的适当形式填空)
3．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）It's not my friends but my teacher always (say) that everyone
should be able to make their own lifestyle choices. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Getting young people to take part in all kinds of activities to protect their
national heritage (be) a good way to introduce them to their country’s history. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
5．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）The government as well as citizens (hold) a responsibility to our
community and our families. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）The young (be) the vital forces in our society. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
7．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）I believe most of the value of AI (lie) in its capacity to analyse
and interpret vast amounts of data, which (mean) it can even solve problems that (be) too
challenging for human experts. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）To our relief, up to now the (injure) in the crash have been
carried to the nearby hospital. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Mary, rather than you, (be) to blame for not finishing the work on
time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Neither you nor any student in your class (know) the correct
answer to such a difficult math problem, even though it’s been covered in class recently. (所给词的适当形式填空)
五、主谓一致能力提升检测
11．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Xi’an is not famous for its boom, (而是因
为其悠久的历史) and cultural atmosphere. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
12．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Not only （这些国家找到了）a path that did
not run over the relics, but they had also learnt that it was possible to work together. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
13．（2024 高三下·全国·专题练习）I (关注) the audience, hoping they enjoy it. （根
据汉语提示完成句子）
14．（2024 高三下·全国·专题练习）They （已在这一地区搜寻）for three days and two
nights, but haven’t found anybody. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
15．（2024 高三下·全国·专题练习）I think that （他应得的）since he has caused loss to
the company. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
16．（2024 高三下·全国·专题练习）The graduate students always (精通) that information. （根据
汉语提示完成句子）
17．（2024 高三下·全国·专题练习）I (用完现金了) and I have a basket full of shopping. (根据汉语
提示完成句子)
18．（2024 高三下·全国·专题练习）The rats (被毒死) by farmers. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
19．（23-24 高三下·广东广州·开学考试）Grandpa loves Ella so much that he always (将她
揽入怀中), telling funny jokes to make her laugh. (根据汉语提示补全句子)
20．（23-24 高三上·吉林长春·阶段练习）Lucy (痴迷于) what she is up to
now. （根据汉语提示填空）
21．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）(写作) 运动学有助于调整旋转时间。
22．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）这次会议的目的是讨论新产品的推广方案，大家各抒己见。(汉译英)
.
23．（2024·上海浦东新·一模）这枚金牌不仅见证了该运动员的成长和蜕变，更体现了中国健儿的奋斗和
坚守。(witness) (汉译英)
24．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）允许给三个星期的时间来为考试做准备。(allow for) (汉译英)
25．（2024 高三·全国·专题练习）你需要的是一顿好餐。(汉译英)
26．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）为缓解人口老龄化的压力，中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人
的生活提供支持。(ease) (汉译英)
27．（23-24 高三下·全国·课后作业）在中国，中秋节被认为是家庭团聚的象征。（汉译英）
28．（2024·上海闵行·二模）短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？(account) (汉译英)
29．（2024·上海青浦·二模）旅游目的地人潮涌动，这诠释了人们对美好生活的追求，也展现了繁荣的经
济。(full) (汉译英)
30．（2024·上海闵行·二模）这种新产品防水耐高温，卖得很好。(resistant) (汉译英)
