专题21 语法填空之科技与发明
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目录
1. 高考真题练
2. 创新基础练
3. 高考模拟练
一 高考真题练
1.（2024·广东江苏·高考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding
Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the
Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2
(function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and
aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh
air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey
influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6
first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and
fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk
Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants
of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9
brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of
gardening in England.
2.（2022·北京·高考真题）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词
的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 11 (support)
by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine 12
smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas
naturally 13 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise
the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
3.（2020·全国I 卷·高考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned
Chang’e-4 probe ( 探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 14
(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 15
(extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China
first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 16 it could send signals to the
spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 17 (interesting) to scientists
because it has a lot of deep craters ( 环形山)， more so 18 the familiar near side. Chinese
researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 19 (find) and study areas of the South
Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
＂because it 20 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 21
(construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 22 ice and other treasures it
contains, could help China decide whether 23 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are
practical.
4.（2020·上海·高考真题）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the
passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the
proper form of the given word；for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Introduction to English as a Second Language Teacher’s Book
One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world
today, 15,000 years 24 it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow 25
(use) mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food.
In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born — the ability to produce pots. As
long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique
has changed little since.
Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about
5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians used
sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce 26 else which we would be lost without —
glass.
How many things do you lock with a key every day? Doors, cupboards? The car? We really don’t
think much about them, 27 we? Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750
years ago, in Assyria. This is a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of Sargon II.
Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting
28 first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. The 29 (early) examples are
knitted socks!
Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the
13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in
Florence. And, believe it or not, the modern contact lens is 120 years old!
Time flies and we spend a lot of time 30 (check) how much time we have left! This would
be impossible 31 clocks and watches, 32 are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on
our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPods. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion
(1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch — face design, with two (and sometimes three)
hands moving around a single dial, 33 (remain) largely unchanged in all that time.
5.（2014·上海·高考真题） Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the
passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the
proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop
Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help
is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the
Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed
outside a pub in the village this week.
Peter Fox, who is 34 electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project.
The machine 35 (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a
brick front, a grey roof and a display window.
Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, 36 is set to be installed in other villages in the area
over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.
He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I
wanted, so I did it by 37 . The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I
think the term “automatic shop” is far 38 (appropriate)
In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains 39 (force) village shops
across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, 40
(urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.
Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but
Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution 41 these villages without a local shop.
二 创新基础练
1.（2025·宁夏银川·一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For
example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, 1 (discover) at
the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great
distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a
long while, people were unable to understand 2 they could see. Not knowing what the stars
were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed 3 (dramatic) when the first
telescope was angled at the night sky. It increased the power of the human eye, 4 (enable) us to
understand that the universe is far 5 (large) than previously imaginable. The planets were seen to
be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, 6 was
understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy which we call the Milky Way.
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope
7 (launch) into orbit. It gave astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful 8
(image) of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over
such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and
even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that — it has also helped us to work
out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding 9
an ever-increasing speed. Currently, China operates the world’s largest 10 most powerful radio
telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016.
2.（2025·广西南宁·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China sent up its first Mars probe Tianwen I on Thursday, starting 11 series of key launch
missions. It is expected 12 (reach) the planet in about seven months. The mission to Mars is
much 13 (hard) compared to that to the moon.
China’s Mars mission, 14 (design) for the mapping of key zones of the planet’s surface,
indicates that the country’s exploration 15 (progress) rapidly in the past years. It expresses the
determination and perseverance of the Chinese nation in looking for scientific truth of the universe.
Tianwen I has immediately grabbed people’s attention after its successful launch. 16 is
reported that there are countless discussions on topics related to spaceflight and the exploration of outer
space. People’s 17 (curious) about the unknown and thirst for knowledge are obviously aroused
whenever the country makes breakthroughs in space exploration. What’s more, astronauts, scientists and
engineers are 18 (increasing) becoming role models for more and more Chinese, especially
young people. The “Mars fever” that has been aroused 19 (show) people’s desire to know more
about space, which requires more innovations to discover more about the universe 20 we live.
3.（2025·湖北黄石·一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s moon-landing spacesuit witnesses China’s commitment to innovation and precision
engineering. Designed to tolerate the extreme lunar environment 21 severe temperatures, lack of
the atmosphere and lasting radiation 22 (expose) bring significant challenges, the suit features
multiple layers. The inner layer provides comfort to keep taikonauts ( 航天员) cool and dry, one of the
middle layers maintains atmospheric pressure essential for survival, and the outer layer, made of strong and
heat-resistant materials, 23 (safeguard) taikonauts from the tough lunar conditions.
The suit is equipped with 24 (remark) features, one of which is its mobility. 25
the multiple layers and many protective elements, the suit remains flexible. The suit’s gloves, for example,
are specially designed to allow for fine motor skills, making it easier for the taikonaut 26
(handle) tools and equipment.
The suit marks 27 major breakthrough in space technology. It employs cutting-edge
materials that 28 (perfect) since their development, including the use of smart materials that
adapt to changing conditions for enhanced protection and comfort. The suit is also packed with high-tech
communication and navigation systems, and a range of sensors and 29 (monitor) devices that
provide real-time updates on the taikonaut’s health.
As China continues to extend 30 (boundary) of space exploration, its moon-landing
spacesuit will play an important role in the nation’s pursuit of knowledge and discovery.
4.（2025·山东青岛·三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
French scientists at the Institute de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) are conducting testing on
Chang’e-5 lunar samples, aiming to better understand the moon’s early origins and its 31
(form).
As part of its April 24 announcement, the China National Space Administration allowed scientists
from France, Germany and the US 32 (borrow) Chang’e-5 lunar samples, further expanding
global access to lunar research materials.
Frederic Moynier, a professor at IPGP, 33 (transport) the Chang’e-5 lunar samples from
China to his lab in Paris. He emphasized 34 rarity of the samples collected from a northern
region of the moon’s near side 35 had never been sampled before.
According to Moynier, these samples show that volcanic activity on the moon existed longer than
36 (previous) thought. Using isotopic (同位素) analysis, he’s identifying origins of various elements
37 (contain) in the lunar soil. His goal is to compare these findings with other missions’ samples to fill
gaps 38 the understanding of the moon’s history.
Long Zhengyu, a Chinese PhD student at IPGP, pointed out that foreign 39 (laboratory)
can provide analysis and testing conditions for the Chang’e-5 lunar samples from China. The project is
more than just a scientific effort; it also 40 (serve) as a powerful example of global
collaboration and knowledge-sharing.
5.（2025·湖北黄冈·三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the assistance of the Queqiao 2 relay satellite, China’s Chang’e 6 41 (land) craft
softly settled on the lunar surface at 6:23 am in a designated site inside the South Pole - Aitken Basin, the
largest, oldest and deepest basin 42 (recognize) on the moon.
The event marked the arrival of China’s and also the world’s second-ever spacecraft on the far side,
which 43 (believe) by scientists to hold clues to many mysteries surrounding the moon and the
solar system.
In the next two days, the Chinese craft is set to use a 44 (robot) arm and a drill to collect
surface and underground substances and then put them into 45 sealed container before elevating
the precious materials into lunar orbit for a return journey. And the new samples will probably offer
researchers around the globe useful keys to solving their questions about the moon and will likely bring a
diversity of invaluable science 46 (payoff).
47 the last moment of the challenging operation, when the craft was several meters above
the lunar surface, its main engine stopped, the craft activated a buffer system 48 it touched down
smoothly on the lunar surface, becoming the second spacecraft 49 (arrive) on the lunar far side
after China’s Chang’e 4, 50 achieved this action in January 2019.
三 高考模拟练
1.（2025·江西九江·三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), China is steadily advancing its manned
lunar exploration program. With all the research and construction work 51 (progress) as
scheduled, the mission of landing Chinese astronauts on the moon by 2030 is within reach.
Key elements, including the Long March 10 rocket, Mengzhou crewed spacecraft, Lanyue lunar
lander, Wangyu lunar suit, and Tansuo crewed rover, are currently in 52 early prototyping (原型
机) phase. Meanwhile, at Hainan’s Wenchang Space Launch Center, the construction of new facilities is
underway 53 the ground-system designs have been finalized.
Once 54 (realize), thus historic mission will make China the second nation to carry out
crewed lunar landings after the US, significantly boosting 55 (it) global space standing. The
mission involves two Long March 10 rocket 56 (launch) to transport Lanyue and Mengzhou
from Wenchang to lunar orbit. After reaching their preset positions, they will rendezvous (汇合) and dock.
There, two crew members will transfer to the lander, 57 will then undock and implement an
engine-assisted soft landing. On the moon, they will drive the Tansuo rover 58 (conduct)
scientific tasks and collect samples. Upon 59 (complete) of their assignments, they will return to
the lunar-orbiting spacecraft and eventually head back to Earth.
Recently, to ensure this mission’s success, China 60 (select) its fourth group of astronauts,
who are currently training for lunar landing and surface operations.
2.（2025·四川宜宾·三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shijian-19 is China’s first reusable and returnable test satellite. 61 (send) up on Sept. 27 and
having returned to Earth safely, Shijian-19 has achieved 62 number of technological
breakthroughs. The flight tests confirmed the satellite’s capacity as a high-performance reusable space
platform and met all the expected technical 63 (standard).
The Shijian-19 satellite, 64 (weigh) about 3, 500 kilograms, has different configurations (配
置) for various mission requirements. This mission employed a “short-term” version designed for missions
lasting about two weeks. A long-term configuration is capable 65 remaining in orbit longer to
support extended experiments. The recoverable part can carry a payload of between 500 and 600
kilograms.
With high microgravity levels and efficient performance, Shijian-19 typically 66 (serve) as a
critical tool for space science research. It supports studies in areas such as microgravity science and space
life science, offering timely and 67 (rely) results. Additionally, researchers used the satellite 68
(conduct) space breeding experiments, test new technologies, and further space science experiments.
Shijian-19 also 69 (carry) several payloads for international cooperation, enhancing China’s role in
global space exploration efforts.
The Shijian-19 mission is part of China’s broader space program, 70 includes
ambitious plans for deep space exploration, a range of experiments aboard the Tiangong space station, and
advancements in reusable space technologies.
3.（2025·江苏盐城·三模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
People have always had a dream of exploring outer space and with the help of scientists, their
dream, 71 was once considered to be impossible, is turning into reality.
Scientists carried out many experiments and successfully made rockets that could escape the earths
gravity. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin from the USSR became the first person 72 (send) into space
and in 1969 Neil Armstrong from the US set foot on the moon, 73 (say) “That’s one small
step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”
74 the great achievements, sometimes accidents did happen, resulting in huge losses.
75 , scientists are determined to further explore the universe. One ongoing project is the International
Space Station orbiting the earth.
76 (compare) with the USSR and the US, China started later in its space program, but
it has made huge progress. So far, several astronauts, including Yang Liwei, 77 (be) to space.
China has also launched the Tiangong 2 space lab, 78 (mark) a huge step in its effort to
establish 79 space station.
It 80 (believe) that the future of space exploration is bright thanks to the efforts of the
scientists all over the world.
4.（2025·辽宁沈阳·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China launched the Shenzhou XIX manned spaceship on Wednesday. The crew members were fully
trained and prepared, and the launch became 81 hit globally.
Of the three astronauts, Wang Haoze, the only female space flight engineer in China currently, 82
(inspire) many Chinese netizens with her experiences and dedication since the launch.
During her college years, she stood out 83 (academic), ranking at the top of her class.
Wang majored 84 power engineering at college. “From a rocket engine designer to a space flight
engineer, my role has changed, 85 the initial spirit and mission of serving the country in space
remains the same,” Wang said on Wednesday.
As an engineer, Wang previously had no flight experience, 86 (make) the aerospace
physiology tests (航空航天生理学测试) in the selection process particularly challenging. However, she
was determined never to be the first one 87 (ring) the emergency bell.
After nearly a thousand practices, 88 (equip) with what it took to be a qualified astronaut,
she set out on her first space journey.
Wang’s 89 (persevere) has inspired many netizens, some of 90 commented
that Wang is surely working hard and paying a lot of effort.
5.（2025·河南·三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The International Space Station (ISS) will continue orbiting Earth until at least 2030 91 a
symbol of global scientific cooperation. The representatives from 15 countries signed an 92
(agree) last month, ensuring this unique laboratory remains operational despite previous concerns about
funding.
Since 93 (launch) in 1998, the ISS has hosted over 3,000 experiments 94
(range) from medical research to climate studies. Scientists argue that ending the program now would
mean losing 95 (value) data critical for future Mars missions. “What we learn here can’t be
found anywhere else,” said astronaut Samantha Carter.
However, maintaining the station requires enormous effort. Each year, about 12 tons of supplies
96 (send) to the ISS through international transport missions. 97 (reduce)resupply needs,
engineers are also developing new technologies, 98 can recycle 98% of the station’s water .
Looking ahead, participating nations plan to focus on preparation for commercial space stations.
Private companies like SpaceX and Boeing are 99 (current) designing capsule that may
eventually replace the ISS. As the station’s commander remarked, “This isn’t the end, 100 a new
beginning for space exploration.”
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