专题11 非谓语动词之V-ing
一、V-ing 概念表述
V-ing 是非谓语动词：这是最关键的一点。V-ing 不能单独在句子中充当谓语动词，它失去了动词“充当谓
语”的核心功能。V-ing 形式（也称为 -ing 形式）是由动词原形加上后缀 -ing 构成的（如：do -> doing,
see -> seeing, run -> running）。
它保留动词特性：
可以带宾语： 如果原动词是及物动词，它的 V-ing 形式后面可以接宾语。
例：Reading books is enjoyable. (reading 带宾语 books)
可以被状语修饰，可以被副词等修饰。
例：He left without saying anything. (saying 被状语 without anything 修饰，anything 是 saying 的宾语)
可以有逻辑主语，有时会有一个动作的执行者（逻辑主语），通常用名词所有格、代词所有格或宾格表示。
例：I appreciate your helping me. (your 是 helping 的逻辑主语)
有时态和语态的变化：
一般主动式： doing (表示主动、一般或进行意义)
一般被动式： being done (表示被动、一般意义)
完成主动式： having done (表示主动、在谓语动作之前完成)
完成被动式： having been done (表示被动、在谓语动作之前完成)
它获得名词、形容词或副词特性： 正因为失去了做谓语的能力，V-ing 形式可以在句子中扮演其他词性的
角色（主要是名词、形容词和副词），这也是它最重要的句法功能。
二、V-ing 的句法功能
V-ing 形式在句子中主要可以充当以下成分：
名词性作用：这时传统上称为动名词 。
作主语：
Smoking is harmful to health.
Learning a new language takes time.
作宾语：
动词宾语： I enjoy reading. / She suggested going to the park.
介词宾语： He is interested in cooking. / Before leaving, turn off the lights.
作表语 (主语补足语)：
His hobby is collecting stamps. (说明主语 hobby 是什么)
Seeing is believing.
作表语 (主语补足语)：
The news is exciting. (描述主语 news 的特征或状态)
The movie was boring. (注意：此时描述的是电影的性质，而不是动作)
形容词性作用：这时传统上称为 现在分词 。
作定语 (修饰名词)：
前置定语： a sleeping baby (= a baby who is sleeping), a boring movie (= a movie that is boring)
后置定语：The man standing at the door is my teacher. (= The man who is standing at the door...)
作宾语补足语：
I saw him crossing the street. (补充说明宾语 him 正在进行的动作)
She kept me waiting.
副词性作用：这时也属于现在分词 。
作状语： 修饰整个句子或谓语动词，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随等。通常用逗号与主句
隔开。
时间： Walking down the street, I met an old friend. (= While I was walking...)
原因： Feeling tired, he went to bed early. (= Because he felt tired...)
条件： Working hard, you will succeed. (= If you work hard...)
结果： He fired a shot, killing the bird. (表示 shot 带来的结果)
伴随/方式： She sat by the window, reading a book. (表示与 sat 同时发生的另一个动作)
让步： Having failed many times, he didn't give up. (= Although he had failed many times...)
三、V-ing 形式注意事项
以下动词后面既能跟V-ing，也能跟不定式，但意思不同
remember to do
记得去做某事(动作发生在remember 之后）
remember doing
记得做过某事(动作发生在remember 之前）
Please remember to tell me your decision.
Can’t you remember telling me the story last week?
forget to do
忘记去做某事(动作发生在forget 之后）
forget doing
忘记做过某事(动作发生在forget 之前）
I was so busy yesterday that I forgot to call you.
I will never forget seeing the Great Wall.
regret to do
遗憾要做某事
regret doing
后悔做过某事
I regret to tell you that you haven’t passed the driving test.
I regret wasting so much money.
stop to do
停止做A，开始做B
stop doing
停止正在做的事情
The teacher asked the students to stop talking.
The driver stopped to have a rest when he arrived at the top of the mountain.
continue to do
继续做某事(中间有去做其它事）
continue doing
继续做某事(中间没有去做其它事）
After a rest, he continues doing the experiment.
After he finished reading a novel, he continued to play with the children.
try to do
尽力做某事
try doing
试着做某事
Frank tried to solve the problem by himself.
If you want to improve the taste, try adding some sugar.
mean to do
计划做某事
mean doing
意味着某事
I didn’t mean to make you angry.
Your plan would mean losing money.
3)介词to 后面跟V-ing 作宾语
习惯于
be accustomed/used to
把……奉献给/投身于
dedicate/devote/commit...to
be devoted to/devote oneself to
be committed to/commit oneself to
be dedicated to/dedicate oneself to
与……有关
be related to/be linked to
能胜任，等于
be equal to
除……之外
in addition to
期盼
look forward to
反对
object to
坚持
stick to/keep to
导致
lead to
注意
pay attention to
使……暴露于/接触
expose …to/be exposed to
……的关键
the key to
由于
owing/due/thanks to
谈及
when it comes to
……的路上
the way to
对(……)有贡献/促成
contributed(...) to
归功于
owe... to
将……应用于
apply …to
(使)适应
adapt(...) to
勇敢面对
face up to
对(……)敏感
be sensitive to
……的障碍
obstacle to
为了
with a view to
提及
refer to
与(……)相似
be similar to
在(……)之前
prior to
V-ing 的逻辑主语
关于V-ing 的逻辑主语，有三种情况。第一种情况是在特定语境中，V-ing 的逻辑主语是不言而喻的，
因此无需表达出来。如：Ben suggested going by taxi.在这句话中，是哪些人going by taxi,对于参与谈话的人
来说不会造成误解。第二种情况是V-ing 的逻辑主语已经在句子中的其他地方出现，因此也无需表达出来。
如：Would you mind opening the window?在这句话中，opening the window 的逻辑主语显然是you。第三种
情况是V-ing 带有自己的逻辑主语，若不表达出来则可能造成歧义。如:She insisted on me going.在这句
话中，如果省略了me，则句意会发生变化。
V-ing 的逻辑主语可以采用名词或名词所有格的形式，也可以采用代词宾格或形容词性物主代词的形
式。如：
I don’t mind him staying with us.
I don’t mind his staying with us.
I don’t mind Edison staying with us.
I don’t mind Edison’s staying with us.
但若在句中作主语，则逻辑主语通常只用所有格。如：
Her resigning from the company made her boss disappointed.
His refusing to accept the invitation is really surprising.
V-ing 的主动表被动
1. want, need, require, deserve+doing = +to be done
This point deserves mentioning.
The garden needs cleaning.
2. be worth doing
These questions are worth discussing.
This type of smart phones isn’t worth buying.
V-ing 的词组及句型
1. It is no use/good doing…
It’s no use making an excuse for this.
It’s no good cheating your parents.
2. There is no point/sense+(in) doing...
There is no point(in) arguing with him.
There is no sense(in) calling the service center.
3. have difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in) + doing...
We had great difficulty(in) solving the problem.
We had a difficult time(in) persuading him.
4. spend/waste+时间/金钱 + (in) +doing...
We spend a lot of time(in) preparing for the party.
Terry has wasted a lot of money(in) buying these electronic products.
5. be busy doing...
He is busy doing the research.
I am busy decorating my new flat.
6. can’t help doing
Hearing the funny story. I couldn't help laughing.
Some weak-minded people can’t help being persuaded to do what is illegal.
四、V-ing 能力提升练
1．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Studying hard (be) not always fun, but I’ll be well prepared for
university or whatever else comes in the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）The rain continued (pour) all afternoon, causing flooding in some
areas of the city. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）The (meet) room, designed in a practical way, is on the second
floor and can hold up to 50 people for various discussions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）As soon as the kids heard the funny joke, they couldn’t help
(shout) with laughter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．（24-25 高一上·全国·课后作业）Chinese plays an increasingly important role in (improve)
communication and cooperation between China and the rest of the world. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Avoid (stereotype) people based on their appearance. (所给词的适
当形式填空)
7．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习） (phish) scams often mimic bank websites. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at
(resolve). (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Such a meaningful activity is well worth (organize) again. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
10．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）She entertained us all the morning and she deserved
(praise). (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）As climate change warms up the planet, (melt) ice is forcing
polar bears to get closer to human habitats, leading to dangerous interactions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）The psychology course is an exciting opportunity for anyone
(wish) to deepen their understanding of themselves and other people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习） (work) in space, astronauts must wear spacesuits because there is
no air to breathe and it can be very cold outside the spacecraft. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）At that time Lin was even seen (ride) a donkey to faraway
villages to provide medical care. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Li started posting short videos on Sina Weibo in 2016, (feature)
poetic portrayals of rural life, traditional cooking techniques, and cultural practices, such as making ink and
clothing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）The two most common types among all the caves are those with a niche (壁
龛) (contain) sculptures on the west wall, and caves with a central column covered in sculptures. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
17．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）A team of 12, including four performers, uses willow scoops to fling (抛)
molten iron onto a cold wall, (create) a tree of sparks. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Despite the challenges, he believes that with the previous generation
(pass) on their knowledge and the next generation willing to take up the craft, the tradition of birdcage making can
be preserved and continue. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．（2024 高三上·全国·专题练习）Town planning was a particular concern to the Chinese, with many of its
notable features still (contribute) significantly to modern architecture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．（24-25 高三上·四川广安·阶段练习）Last year I was out of the country, (sweat) in a hot climate
during the snowy season. (所给词的适当形式填空)
五、V-ing 能力提升检测
21．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）花太多的时间和精力在游戏上对我们的健康有害，而且它们是不真实的。
（动名词作主语）
is harmful to our health and they are not real.
22．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）通过远离各种社交媒体应用程序，我们不仅可以专注于学习，还可以更
多地与现实中的人交流。（by doing 句式）
, we can not only concentrate on studies, but also communicate more with people in reality.
23．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习） (努力学习并不总是有趣的), but I’ll be well
prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
24．（2021 高三·全国·专题练习）在我看来，拥有健康的饮食习惯会对我们的健康有益。
, good healthy eating habits will our
health.
25．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）动作捕捉技术帮助运动员纠正空中姿态。
helps athletes correct mid-air postures.
26．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）歌剧演出是为提高人们保护鸟类的意识，在学校内外都赢得了欢迎。
Operas were performed to raise people's awareness of bird protection, .
27．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）毫无疑问，随着学生智能手机拥有量的急剧增加，智能手机改变了我们
的交流方式。（with 复合结构）
Undoubtedly, , the smartphone has transformed the way we communicate.
28．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）我们可以与他人交流我们对所读书籍的看法，这使得聊天时更容易开始
交谈。（现在分词作结果状语）
We can exchange our opinions about books we read with others,
29．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）I pointed at (坐在离我位置最近的男孩),
who is the tallest boy in our class. （根据汉语提示用非谓语动词（短语）完成句子）
30．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Everyone seemed excited about the event. They scheduled their time around it
with great anticipation. (用“名词性从句”句式改写句子)
31．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）人们普遍认为定期锻炼能改善身心健康。(汉译英)
32．（2025·上海宝山·二模）比起看恐怖电影，他更喜欢读武侠小说。(prefer) （汉译英）
33．（2014·上海·高考真题）没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) （汉译英）
34．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）她浑身颤抖，觉得如坐针毡。(汉译英)
35．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）她悲伤到失去知觉，不能开口说话。（汉译英）
36．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）他走到弟弟身边，轻轻地摸着杰克逊的头发，说：“对不起我发脾气
了。”(汉译英)
37．（23-24 高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）持之以恒地推进植树造林，这份责任扎根在林场每位职工的心中。
(persevere) (汉译英)
38．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）他情绪高涨，感觉自己好像站在了世界之巅。（汉译英）
39．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）通过他，我学会了拥有一种不屈的精神可以克服挑战，大卫确实做到了
这一点。（宾语从句+动名词短语做主语）(汉译英)
40．（24-25 高一上·重庆·阶段练习）即使你不确定结果，迈出第一步也会对实现目标产生影响。(even if,
difference) (汉译英)
41．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）在当地公园做社区服务时, Jessica 清理了垃圾, 还种了一些小花。(用“非
谓语动词”句式汉译英)
42．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）通过每天练习和从错误中学习，她赢得了游泳比赛。(用“非谓语动词”
句式汉译英)
43．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）在教练的鼓励下，Tom 每天练习，逐渐提高了速度。（用“非谓语动
词”句式汉译英）
44．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）她自豪地笑了，拿着试卷给父母看。(用“非谓语动词”句式汉译英)
45．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the
interview with an upset look. (英译汉)
