2027 年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升
练）
专题13 主谓一致及长难句的理解
目录
第一部分 必备知识结构化清单
梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力
第二部分 知识运用题型强化练
必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力
◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单
知｜识｜清｜单
真题分析
【真题再现】
【2026 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)阅读理解D 篇】A team of Cambridge psychologists
conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how
beautiful it is.
In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay
objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and
then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object
with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a
more practical or abstract way.
Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group
in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about
interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an
artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an
artistic hobby in the control group.
Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the
gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of
“transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the
control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group,
suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall
positivity from the experience.
“We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior
author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in
ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive
processes.”
32. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects?
A. Draw their outlines.
B. Give each piece a rating.
C. Compare their prices.
D. Make a copy of each piece.
33. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test?
A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby.
B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby.
C. Control group, with an artistic hobby.
D. Control group, without an artistic hobby.
34. Why were the participants’ emotional states measured?
A. To discover their attitudes towards art.
B. To identify their specific thinking patterns.
C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks.
D. To determine factors behind the test results.
35. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art?
A. It enhances emotional ties.
B. It needs critical thinking skills.
C. It creates positive feelings.
D. It encourages abstract thinking.
（答案：32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D）
【要点分析】
阅读语篇中主谓一致的典型使用分析
原句
主语核心构成
谓语单复数形式
主谓一致用法解析
1
A team of Cambridge
psychologists conducted an
experiment to compare the
cognitive effects of merely
seeing art with actively
judging how beautiful it is.
中心词：a team
（单数集合名
词）；of 短语为后
置定语，不改变主
语单复数
conducted （单数
过去式）
集合名词主谓一致（强中
心词原则）：a team of +
复数名词，主语核心是单
数集体单位team，谓语用
单数；of 后的复数名词仅
作修饰，不影响谓语
2
In the study, 187 people
were invited to visit Kettle’s
Yard gallery during an
exhibition of handmade clay
objects.
主语：187 people
（people 永远表复
数概念）
were invited （复
数被动）
特殊复数名词：people 表
“人”时恒为复数，谓语
必须搭配复数形式
3
Participants were randomly
divided into two groups.
主语：Participants
（复数可数名词）
were divided （复
数被动）
普通可数名词复数作主
语，谓语统一用复数形式
4
the “beauty” group was
asked to actively consider
中心词：the group
was asked （单数
单数group 作主语，侧重
整体集体，谓语用单数；
and then rate the beauty of
each object they viewed
（单数集合名词）
被动）
区别于强调集体内部成员
的用法（本文全部group
均表整体，统一单数）
5
All participants were then
tested on how they process
information, and whether
it’s in a more practical or
abstract way.
主语：All + 复数
名词participants
were tested（复数
被动）
限定词All 修饰可数复数名
词时，主语为复数，谓语
用复数
6
Across all participants,
those in the beauty group
scored almost 14% higher
on average than the control
group in abstract thinking.
主语：those（复数
指示代词，指代复
数人）
scored（复数过去
式）
代词those 指代复数可数名
词，作主语时谓语必须用
复数；单数对应代词为that
7
while around half saying
they had an artistic hobby.
half 指代前文复数
participants ；从句
主语they（复数代
词）
had（复数谓语）
half 作不定代词指代复数
人/物时，后文对应代词、
隐含谓语均为复数；若
half 指代不可数名词则为
单数
8
Among those, the effect was
greater
主语：the effect
（单数可数名词）
was （单数系动
词）
单数可数名词单独作主
语，系动词、实义动词均
用单数形式
9
Emotional
states
of
participants were also
measured by asking about
their
feelings
while
completing the gallery task.
中心词：states
（复数可数名词）
were
measured
（复数被动）
A of B 结构主谓看A（中
心词），本句核心主语是
复数states，of participants
为后置定语，谓语随中心
词变复数
10
Importantly, however, the
beauty group did not report
feeling any happier than the
control group
主语：the beauty
group （单数集合
名词）
did （单数助动
词）
单数集合名词作主语，否
定式助动词用单数did，而
非复数did（无复数do 过
去式）
11
suggesting that it was the
engagement with beauty that
influenced abstract thinking,
rather than any overall
positivity
from
the
experience.
强调句主干核心：
the
engagement
（单数不可数名
词）
was （单数系动
词）
强调句型主谓一致：it
is/was + 被强调部分 +
that…，固定用单数is/was
，不受被强调名词单复数
干扰；本句被强调的
engagement 为单数
12
“We usually think in very
concrete terms when doing
something on a screen,” said
Simone Schnall, senior
author of the study.
主句倒装，真正主
语
：
Simone
Schnall （单数人
名）
said（单数谓语）
引语倒装结构主谓规则：
谓语单复数由主句真正主
语（人名Simone）决定，
不受引号内复数主语we 影
响
13
It’s becoming much rarer to
zone out and just let the
mind wander
形式主语It，真正
主语不定式短语
It’s = It is （单数
系动词）
不定式/从句作真正主语
时，必须用单数形式it 作
形式主语，系动词固定用
is
14
but that’s when we think in
ways that broaden our
minds.
主语that（单数指
示代词，指代前文
整件事）
that’s = that is（单
数系动词）
that 单独作主语指代抽象整
件事，视为单数，搭配单
数系动词
15
Admiring the beauty of art
may be the ideal way to
initiate
the
abstract
cognitive processes.
主语：动名词短语
Admiring
the
beauty of art
may be （单数情
态系动词）
动名词短语作主语恒为单
数：单个动名词/动名词短
语充当句子主语，谓语一
律使用单数形式
知识回顾
一、主谓一致的三大核心原则
1.语法一致原则
规则
核心说明
例句
译文
单数主语配单
数谓语
可数名词单数、不可数名词、单
数代词作主语，谓语动词用三单
The cat runs fast.
这只猫跑得很快。
复数主语配复
数谓语
复数名词、复数代词作主语，谓
语用原形/复数形式
The cats run fast.
这些猫跑得很快。
动名词/ 不定
式/主语从句作
主语
统一视作单数主语，谓语三单
Reading improves writing.
阅读提升写作。
To learn English takes effort.
学英语需要付出努力。
What he said surprises me.
他说的话让我很惊讶。
2.意义一致原则
规则
核心说明
例句
译文
集合名词表整体→
单数谓语
family, class, team,
group,
audience,
The class is small.（整体：班
级）
这个班规模很小。
集合名词表全体成
员→复数谓语
government
The class are arguing.（成员：
同学们）
同学们正在争论。
时间、金钱、距
离、重量复数名词
视作一个整体，谓
语用单数
Twenty years flies quickly.
二十年转瞬即逝。
Three thousand yuan is enough.
三千元足够了。
and 连接共用一个冠
词，表同一人/一物
主语为单数，谓语
三单
The doctor and writer is my
uncle.
那位医生兼作家是我叔叔。
and 连接两个独立名
词，双冠词
两个人/两件物，谓
语复数
The doctor and the writer are my
uncles.
这位医生和这位作家都是我
叔叔。
3.邻近一致原则
分类
连接词汇
判断规则
例句
译文
就近原则
（谓语跟离它
近的主语）
or; either…or;
neither…nor;
not only…but
also; there be
谓语单复数由
靠近谓语的名
词决定
Neither you nor he likes
music.
你和他都不喜欢音乐。
There are two books and a
pen.
有两本书一支钢笔。
就远原则
（谓语跟最前
面的主语）
with, together
with, as well as,
except, besides,
rather than
插入成分忽
略，只看句首
主语
Lily as well as her parents
likes hiking.
莉莉和她父母都喜欢徒
步。
All students except Tom
know the rule.
除汤姆外所有学生都知
道规则。
二、特殊名词/短语作主语的主谓一致
主语类型
固定规则
例句
译文
不
定
代
词
：
everyone, somebody,
nobody, everything,
each
全部视为单数，谓语三
单
Everyone has a textbook.
每个人都有课本。
each + 单数名词
each 作主语核心，谓语
单数
Each boy gets a prize.
每个男孩都获得奖品。
复数名词 + each
（同位语）
主语为复数，each 不改
变，谓语复数
The boys each get a prize.
男孩们每人都获得奖品。
a number of + 复数
名词
a number of = 许多，
谓语复数
A number of birds fly south.
大量鸟类飞往南方。
the number of + 复
数名词
the number of = …的数
量，谓语单数
The number of birds is 100.
鸟类的数量是100 只。
many a + 单数名词
形式单数、含义复数，
Many a student hates exams.
很多学生讨厌考试。
more than one + 单
数名词
谓语三单
all 作主语
all 指人→复数；all 指
事物→单数
All are present.（人）
所有人都到场了。
All is fine.（事）
一切顺利。
most/half/rest/part +
of
谓语单复数由of 后面
名词决定
Most of the rice is eaten.
大部分米饭吃完了。
Most of the students work
hard.
大部分学生学习刻苦。
三、定语从句/倒装句中的主谓一致
句式场景
判断规则
例句
译文
普通定语从句
（that/which/who）
谓语匹配先行词单
复数
The girl who sings well is
Lucy.
唱歌好听的女孩是露西。
one of + 复数名词
+ 定语从句
先行词是复数名
词，从句谓语复数
He is one of the boys who
love art.
他是热爱艺术的男孩之一。
the only one of + 复
数名词 + 定语从句
先行词是the only
one，从句谓语单数
He is the only boy who loves
art.
他是唯一热爱艺术的男孩。
地点副词放句首完
全倒装
谓语匹配后面真正
主语
Beside the lake stands a
tower.
湖边矗立一座高塔。
Beside the lake stand two
towers.
湖边矗立两座高塔。
▲易混词组对比记忆
易混组别
区分规则
例句1
例句2
the singer and dancer
the singer and the
dancer
同一人身，单谓语
两个人，复谓语
The teacher and
painter lives here.
这位教师兼画家住
在这里
The teacher and the painter live here.
教师和画家两人住在这里
each + 单数名词
复数名词 + each
each 在前→单谓语
each 作同位语→复
谓语
Each kid has a toy.
每个孩子有一个玩
具
The kids each have a toy.
孩子们每人都有玩具
a number of
the number of
许多（复数谓语）
数量（单数谓语）
A number of trees
were cut.
许多树被砍伐
The number of trees is small.
树木的数量很少
one of…who
the only one of…
who
从句复数谓语
从句单数谓语
She is one of girls
who like dance.
她是喜欢舞蹈的女
生之一
She is the only girl who likes dance.
她是唯一喜欢舞蹈的女生
many a + 单数名词
many + 复数名词
many a 用三单
many 用复数谓语
Many a student reads
novels.
很多学生读小说
Many students read novels.
很多学生读小说
四、英语长难句的理解
核心分类
核心考点
应对策略
长难句基础拆解
1.三大从句
2.非谓语动词
3.并列结构
4.特殊倒装/强调/省略
5.插入分隔结构
定语从句、名词性从句、
状
语
从
句
；
to
do/doing/done ；and/but/or
连接并列句；倒装句、it
强调句；逗号破折号插入
语
1.找谓语动词，划分主句+从
句
2.划连词，区分修饰关系
3.剥离插入语、非谓语修饰成
分
4.先译主干，再叠加修饰成分
高频难点结构
1.多重嵌套定语
2.分隔式定语/谓语
3.否定转移、比较级特
殊结构
4.固定复合句式（so…
that; such…as 等）
多重定语从句叠加、主谓
被插入语隔开、否定前
移、复杂比较结构
1.从后往前梳理定语修饰对象
2.跳过插入语锁定主谓核心
3.牢记特殊句式固定翻译逻辑
解题应对策略
阅读长难句、七选五、
完形长句、语法填空长
句
快速抓主干理解主旨；根
据连词/非谓语判定词性
阅读理解：抓主谓快速解题；
语法填空：先拆分再填词
（一）长难句拆解核心步骤
通用4 步拆解法（所有长难句通用）
找谓语：识别句子所有动词（谓语动词/非谓语动词），一个主句只有一套主谓；
找连词：并列连词(and/but/or)、从句连词(that/which/when/because 等)，连词分割主句与从句；
剥修饰：去掉插入语、介词短语、非谓语、后置定语等修饰成分，留下主干；
重组译文：先翻译主谓主干，再依次添加定语、状语、插入语。
例句：
Original: Having finished his homework, Tom who loves reading sat quietly by the window where he could
enjoy the sunset.
【拆解步骤】
谓语：finished(非谓)、loves(从句谓语)、sat(主句谓语，核心)、could enjoy(从句谓语)
连词：who（定语从句）、where（定语从句）
剥离修饰：Having finished his homework（非谓语状语）；who loves reading（修饰Tom）；where he
could enjoy the sunset（修饰window）
主干：Tom sat quietly by the window.
译文：完成作业后，热爱阅读的汤姆安静坐在窗边，在那里他能欣赏落日。
（二）三大类从句嵌套长难句
1.定语从句
定语从句用关系代词(which/that/who/whose)、关系副词(when/where/why)修饰名词，常出现一个名词叠
加多层定语从句形成超长句子。
【应对策略】
找到先行词（被修饰名词）；断开从句，先行词还原进从句理解；多层定语从后往前翻译。
例句1（单层定语从句）
The book that I bought yesterday contains many stories which describe the life of teenagers.
主干：The book contains many stories.
译文：我昨天买的这本书包含许多描写青少年生活的故事。
例句2（双重嵌套定语从句，高考阅读高频）
I admire the scientist who devoted all his time to the research that can help protect endangered animals.
主干：I admire the scientist.
拆分：who 修饰scientist；that 修饰research
译文：我敬佩那位将毕生投入能保护濒危动物的研究的科学家。
2.名词性从句
句子充当名词功能，常与定语从句混合嵌套，极易混淆that 引导同位语/定语从句。
【应对策略】
从句放在动词/介词前=主语从句；动词后=宾语从句；be 动词后=表语从句；抽象名词后=同位语从句；
同位语从句that 不作成分，定语从句that 充当主/宾。
例句（主语从句+宾语从句嵌套）
What most students ignore is that hard work is the key that leads to great progress.
主干：What most students ignore is that…
译文：大多数学生忽略的一点是，努力是带来巨大进步的关键。
3.状语从句
when/because/although/if/so that 引导的状语从句，可置于句首、句中、句尾，拉长句子。
【应对策略】
句首状语从句直接划逗号断开，先译从句，再译主句。
例句（让步状语+定语从句叠加）
Although he met many difficulties that no one expected, he never gave up his dream.
主干：he never gave up his dream.
译文：尽管他遭遇了没人预料到的重重困难，他从未放弃自己的梦想。
（三）非谓语动词造成的长难句
动词不定式to do（目的/将来）、现在分词doing（主动/进行）、过去分词done（被动/完成）无主谓
结构，能作定语、状语，大量堆砌修饰主句，是阅读长难句核心难点。
【应对策略】
所有非谓语短语全部提前剥离，单独翻译，最后拼接主句主干。
例句1（doing 作状语+后置定语）
Walking along the street, we saw a little girl crying beside a broken bike lying on the ground.
主干：we saw a little girl.
译文：走在街上时，我们看见一个小女孩在一辆倒地的破损自行车旁哭泣。
例句2（done 表被动、to do 表目的多层叠加）
Encouraged by teachers, the students stayed late to finish the task assigned by their headmaster.
主干：the students stayed late.
译文：受到老师鼓舞，学生们留到很晚，完成班主任布置的任务。
（四）插入分隔结构
逗号/破折号之间的插入语（副词短语、同位语、短句）把主谓、名词和定语强行隔开，干扰主干判断。
【应对策略】
阅读时直接跳过两个逗号中间内容，先锁定主谓，翻译最后补充插入语。
例句
All students, regardless of their grades, need to take part in the sports meeting held next Friday.
跳过插入语：All students need to take part in the sports meeting.
译文：所有学生，无论成绩好坏，都需要参加下周五举办的运动会。
（五）特殊句式构成的长难句
1.倒装句长难句
【应对策略】还原正常语序（主谓互换改为主+谓）再拆分
例句：
Only by making constant efforts can we achieve the goals we set for ourselves.
还原语序：We can achieve the goals we set for ourselves only by making constant efforts.
译文：只有持续付出努力，我们才能实现为自己定下的目标。
2.It 强调句型
结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+剩余句子
【应对策略】去掉It is…that，还原原句主干
例句
It is teamwork that helps our class win the competition last week.
还原：Teamwork helps our class win the competition last week.
译文：正是团队协作帮助我们班赢得了上周的比赛。
基｜础｜练｜习
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Though its original Chinatown in Lower Manhattan is the most well-known, New York City is actually home
to nine 1 (office) China towns spread across its five boroughs, each reflecting the rich regional 2
(diverse) of Chinese cuisine.
In the 1870s, the city’s first Chinatown took root when Chinese immigrants arrived either from China or the
US’s West Coast. Early 3 (business) were mostly rice shops and tea houses, but by the early 1900s, full-
service restaurants emerged. By the mid-20th Century, Chinese food, in all its glorious forms, had become as
associated 4 New York City as the New York slice.
Among the new generation carrying this legacy forward is chef Calvin Eng, the owner of Bonnie’s, 5
Cantonese American restaurant in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, which has been praised for its inventive interpretations
of Cantonese cuisine. Eng 6 (grow) up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, learning to cook the food of
Guangdong from his mother, tasting Cantonese food made by his grandparents each weekend, 7
sometimes getting his Cantonese fix at a variety of New York’s Chinatown.
Unlike other styles, Cantonese food is known for its lightness and simplicity, 8 (emphasize) fresh
ingredients, particularly seafood, a reflection of the region’s coastal geography. “Cantonese food is 9
(remarkable) low on acid and heat,” Eng explains. “We use minimal ingredients that allow the main ingredients
10 (shine).”
二、结合上述短文的内容，按照要求用主谓一致知识改写。
原句
改写要求
改写后的句子
1
New York City is actually
home to nine official
Chinatowns.
将主语改为Nine official
Chinatowns in New York
City，改写句子，保持原意
2
Early businesses were mostly
rice shops and tea houses.
将主语改为Every early
business，改写句子，保持
原意
3
Chinese food had become a
symbol of New York City by
the mid-20th Century.
主语替换为All kinds of
Chinese foods，改写句子
4
Among the new generation
carrying this legacy forward is
chef Calvin Eng.
主语改为Two famous
chefs，调整倒装句式、匹配
谓语
5
Eng grows up learning
Cantonese cooking from his
mother.
主语改为Eng and his
mother，改写句子，时态不
变
6
The restaurant has been
praised for its inventive
Cantonese dishes.
主语改为Lots of Cantonese
restaurants，改写句子
7
Cantonese food is known for
its lightness and simplicity.
主语改为Cantonese dishes，
改写句子
8
Minimal ingredients allow the
main food to shine.
主
语
改
为
A little
seasoning，改写句子，保持
时态
9
Each Chinatown reflects the
rich diversity of Chinese
cuisine.
主语改为Each of these nine
Chinatowns，改写句子
10
The fresh seafood fits the
feature of Cantonese cooking.
主语改为Fresh seafood and
local vegetables，改写句子
◇Part 02 知识运用题型强化练
一、阅读理解
1
When I took Amy home from the animal shelter, she was scared. I believed she had been abused ( 虐待)
because she was afraid of anything my husband, Bill, or I held in our hands. With a lot of care and attention, she
became a great dog that surprised us every day.
About three years ago, Amy and I joined a volunteer project called Canines with Class. At our first school
visit, Officer Lisa called Amy and asked her to show how to shake hands and give a high five. The students clapped
in joy and Amy received a reward. Then the students got to touch the dog. One by one they came up to meet Amy.
Some of them started talking to me about their own pets. I didn’t feel worried any more. I thought the children liked
staying with us.
On our next school visit, I put a big chain on Amy’s neck and walked away from her. You could see that Amy
was not happy. When I took the chain off her neck, Amy shook her tail happily and wouldn’t stop licking (舔) my
face. That was when we talked about “breaking the chain”.
On our third school trip, Amy started acting poorly when it was time to show off a few tricks. The students
watched to see how I would correct her mistakes. It was a good chance to explain that if your dog doesn’t do
exactly what you ask, you don’t have to shout at her or hit her to make it right. I think the children have learned a
lot about respect and patience.
Amy loves the program and has come so far since I found her a few years ago. Amy has broken the chain,
and the love she gives to those children will help them become good pet owners.
1．What probably made Amy frightened?
A．The author’s husband, Bill.
B．Past ill-treatment.
C．Too much care from the author.
D．The unfamiliar environment.
2．Which can best describe Amy during her first school visit?
A．Scared.
B．Nervous.
C．Patient.
D．Well-received.
3．What did Amy gain during the second school visit?
A．Kisses from the author.
B．A physical reward.
C．Freedom.
D．A new neck chain.
4．What can be known about the school visits?
A．They are a win-win experience.
B．They are designed to make good pet owners.
C．They teach children to earn respect.
D．They are organized by the animal shelter.
2
Economics is the study of how rare resources are distributed; whether that is housing, food, or money.
However, in an age of endless amounts of information at our fingertips, what is the rarity? Unlike what can be
quantified and measured, our invisible yet extremely valuable attention is the limiting factor: we are in the age of
the attention economy.
The American Psychological Association defines attention as “a state in which cognitive (认知的) resources
are focused on certain aspects of the environment rather than on others.” Attention comes in forms like love,
recognition, and help. Although attention is theoretically unquantifiable, many obtain attention’s value from how
much time we focus on a particular thing. We face attention’s rarity every day; while “paying attention” to one
thing, we ignore others. Similar to money, we exchange attention; you are reading this article right now and
probably ignoring the other work you have to do.
Our attention has always been limited, valuable, and rare. But what distinguishes the present day is that
technological advances have made a huge amount of information available, strategically aimed at attracting our
attention. As for the general public, it has never been easier to garner such personal levels of attention through
means like social media.
However, social media keeps us on the platform longer and wanting more. Anyone can set up an account and
have the opportunity for their presence to be seen by millions, but this also increases the pressure to attract more of
the increasingly rare resource of attention. As our online social media presence and images are determined by the
number of “friends,” “followers” vs. “following,” “likes,” and “subscribers”, comparison is easy. Furthermore,
social media sites’ “explore pages” throw endless information at us, hoping that one picture or video will interest
us. We can scroll ( 滚屏) endlessly, and upon finishing a video we will always have a new one to auto-play.
However, when our attention is glued to our phones, we abandon other opportunities.
5．What do the underlined words “at our fingertips” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Under our control.
B．Ready to share.
C．Free to download.
D．Easy to access.
6．What is the feature of attention according to the text?
A．It is a form of love.
B．It involves trade-offs.
C．It can be easily measured.
D．It can be stored like money.
7．What impact does technology have on attention?
A．It intensifies the fight for attention.
B．It reduces the quality of attention.
C．It makes information easier to spread.
D．It changes the nature of attention.
8．What is implied in the last paragraph?
A．Social media takes over our attention.
B．Social media makes attention easy to get.
C．Social media exploits limited attention.
D．Social media turns attention into numbers.
3
The earth’s wildlife populations have decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018, according to
WWF’s Living Planet Report 2022, as humans continue to cut down forests, consume resources beyond the limits
of the planet, and pollute the environment on an industrial scale. Two years ago, the figure stood at 68%, and four
years ago, it was at 60%.
Many scientists believe we are living through the sixth mass extinction — the largest loss of life on Earth
since the time of the dinosaurs, and that it is being driven by humans. The report’s 89 authors urged world leaders
to reach an ambitious agreement at the Cop 15 biodiversity summit in Canada and to cut carbon emissions to limit
global heating to below 1.5 ℃ this decade to stop the serious destruction of nature.
Latin America and the Caribbean region has seen the steepest decline in average wildlife population size,
with a 94% drop in 48 years. Africa had the second largest fall at 66%, followed by Asia and the Pacific with 55%
and North America at 20%. Europe and Central Asia experienced an 18% fall. The total loss is akin to the human
population of Europe, the Americas, Africa, Oceania and China disappearing, according to the report.
Land use change is still the leading driver of biodiversity loss across the planet. Robin Freeman, head of one
unit at Zoological Society of London, said it was clear that humanity is eroding (损害) the very foundations of life,
and urgent action is needed. He mentioned, “It’s not just about conservation, it’s about changing production and
consumption and the only way we are going to be able to make laws or call for that is to have these clear
measurable targets that ask for recovery of abundance, reduction of extinction risk and the ending of extinctions at
Cop 15 in December.”
9．What do the data in paragraph 1 show?
A．The sixth mass extinction of forests is going down.
B．The consumption level is beyond the limits of the earth.
C．The industrial pollution is becoming more widespread.
D．The decrease rate of wildlife populations is increasing.
10．The underlined word “driver” in paragraph 4 most probably means ________
A．vehicle
B．cause
C．result
D．effect
11．What can we learn from Robin Freeman’s words in paragraph 4?
A．Changing ways of production and consumption matters in protection.
B．Cop 15 should take the responsibility for biodiversity reduction.
C．Making laws for recovery of wildlife abundance seems impossible.
D．Stable land use can prevent the loss of wildlife populations.
12．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Wildlife Faces Great Challenges to Survive.
B．Wildlife Populations Experience a Dramatic Decline.
C．All Continents Suffer From Wildlife Disappearance.
D．Human Activities Contribute to Wildlife’s Habitat Loss.
4
Traditions are the heartbeat of human society. 13 They are living stories passed down through
generations that shape our identity and connect us to our roots. Without them, we risk losing the very essence of
what makes us who we are. Therefore, it’s essential to understand why traditions are important.
Preserving cultural identity. Traditions act as anchors ( 锚), reminding communities of their heritage,
language, and values in the face of globalization and modernization. For example, Thanksgiving in the U.S.
preserves the spirit of gratitude and historical reflection. 14 They become disconnected from the stories,
music, foods, and values that make them different.
15 Traditions are the glue that holds families and communities together. Shared practices create a
sense of belonging, offering people the comfort of knowing they are part of something larger. Whether it’s a weekly
dinner or an annual reunion, these moments build trust and deepen relationships across generations.
Providing a sense of stability and continuity. In times of rapid change, uncertainty, or hardship, traditions
provide reassurance. They create a rhythm in life, reminding people that despite challenges, some things remain
constant. When we’re under stress, most of us can find comfort in returning to familiar customs. 16
Celebrating milestones and achievements. Life is a journey marked by important milestones — births,
weddings, anniversaries, etc. 17 They turn personal achievements into shared joy, strengthening bonds
and creating lasting memories. Without traditions, these milestones would feel incomplete or lack emotional depth.
A．Building unity in diversity.
B．Strengthening family and community bonds.
C．They are more than just ceremonies and customs.
D．Without traditions, societies risk losing their uniqueness.
E．That is because they guide behavior and decision-making.
F．Traditions provide meaningful ways to celebrate these milestones.
G．That sense of familiarity gives us the strength to face whatever comes next.
附加题：结合上述阅读语篇的内容，完成对表格所给句子有关主谓一致用法的分析。
来源
原句
句子结构分析
主谓一致用法分析
1
阅读
理解1
When I took Amy home
from the animal shelter,
she was scared.
2
With a lot of care and
attention, she became a
great dog that surprised us
every day.
3
阅读
Economics is the study of
how rare resources are
理解2
distributed.
4
our invisible yet extremely
valuable attention is the
limiting factor
5
阅读
理解3
The earth’s wildlife
populations have decreased
by an average of 69%
between 1970 and 2018.
6
Latin America and the
Caribbean region has seen
the steepest decline in
average wildlife population
size.
7
阅读
理解4
Traditions are the heartbeat
of human society.
8
Some of them started
talking to me about their
own pets.
二、完形填空
Over the years, Chelsea had always struggled — both academically and with self-confidence. Her mother
had died 18 a battle with cancer when Chelsea was a fifth grader. As she began sixth grade, Chelsea was
still 19 .
Each fall, we would take sixth graders for a five-day 20 at Wolf Ridge, a learning center in the
woods. The week is filled with team building and overcoming challenges that 21 seemed impossible. The
22 of students at Wolf Ridge becomes a metaphor (隐喻) we will use when they encounter challenges in the
classroom.
The 23 part is the High Adventure Ropes Course, where the rope stretches from tower to tower,
forty feet above the ground. I knew Chelsea was 24 to fear this experience. When it was her 25
, Chelsea was already shaking. The harness (安全带) protected the body, but not much 26 comfort.
Chelsea stepped hesitantly onto the rope, her shaking body 27 the rope swaying (摇摆). From down
below, her partner shouted up supportively, “Chelsea, you’re doing great!”
28 , Chelsea stepped out and slowly inched her way across. When she moved to the middle of the
rope, we sensed Chelsea’s internal 29 . Her classmates had gathered below and kept offering 30
by moving forward together as a group, 31 Chelsea’s slow, step-by-step progress. Ultimately, she
reached the destination, 32 in the waiting arms of classmates, worn out but proud.
18．A．following
B．winning
C．fearing
D．ignoring
19．A．emerging
B．focusing
C．negotiating
D．hurting
20．A．celebration
B．adventure
C．delay
D．protest
21．A．actually
B．finally
C．initially
D．officially
22．A．growth
B．recipe
C．state
D．dream
23．A．lowest
B．toughest
C．funniest
D．latest
24．A．ashamed
B．ready
C．bound
D．unable
25．A．field
B．style
C．fault
D．turn
26．A．mental
B．potential
C．previous
D．occasional
27．A．relying on
B．adding to
C．holding back
D．taking over
28．A．Astonished
B．Annoyed
C．Confused
D．Inspired
29．A．struggle
B．criticism
C．energy
D．liberation
30．A．supplies
B．funds
C．cheers
D．shelters
31．A．predicting
B．matching
C．expanding
D．reducing
32．A．assembling
B．persevering
C．dominating
D．collapsing
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beneath the grand mountains of Guizhou Province lie some amazing natural 33 (wonder): vast
rocky caves that have formed over millions of years. Many of these natural caves possess unique sound properties
and stable temperatures, 34 (make) them ideal places for gatherings, performances, and even sports
events.
Residents of Heishui Town have made 35 most of this natural gift by transforming Fengming
Cave into a vibrant basketball venue. Located in Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County, Guizhou Province, Fengming
Cave 36 (welcome) guests from around the world on March 28. A friendly match between local residents
and international participants of the 2026 China Storyteller Partnerships filled the cave 37 cheers and
shouting, as the sound of bouncing basketballs echoed through the towering rock hall.
The game offered visiting content creators a rare opportunity 38 (experience) China’s grassroots
basketball phenomenon known as “Village BA”, 39 the community spirit, local pride and a passion for
the sport come together. Under the dramatic, rock-lined cave ceiling, players and spectators shared the 40
(excite), turning the natural cave into a lively venue of cultural exchange.
For many of the international guests, playing basketball deep inside a cave was an unforgettable experience.
41 (surround) by towering rock formations and energized by the enthusiasm of the local crowd, they
discovered that the spirit of sport can thrive even in the most 42 (expected) places.
四、写作
开学以来，很多同学因为天气多变或者忙于学业等原因，久坐不动，缺乏锻炼。假设你是校报专栏
“English Corner”的记者李华，你决定写一篇英文倡议书，呼吁大家做一些方便简单的运动。
内容主要包括：目前现象；具体建议；发出倡议。
注意：词数 80 左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
