专题05 定语从句
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是高中英语语法中的一个重要部分，它用于修
饰名词或代词，提供关于该名词或代词的更多信息。一个简单句跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行
修饰限定，这就叫做定语从句。
二、定语从句的两个关键术语
先行词：
先行词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。引导定语从句的关系代词有that， which， who（宾格whom，所
有格whose），as 等。引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why
三、关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。
（that 连接先特词 money 和定语从句I had）
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
The man who lives nest door is a famous teacher.
住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man）
3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.
我喜欢传统的中国画。（which 在定语从句中作主语）
四、定语从句的基本结构
定语从句的基本结构为：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。它提供了从句所描述或限定的对象。
关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充
当主语、宾语、定语等成分；关系副词则用于引导定语从句，表示时间、地点或原因。
从句：是对先行词进行具体描述或限定的部分，它包含了完整的句子结构，包括主语、谓语和可能的
宾语、状语等。
五、定语从句关系词的用法
1.关系代词that, which, who /whom, whose, as
关系代词指代人或者物，在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，定语等成分。
(1).指人
who 指人，在定语从句中充当主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who 代替，可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person (who/whom) you talked about. 刘先生就是你谈到的那个人。
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。
(2).which 指物，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
足球是大部分男孩喜欢的游戏。(which 在句子中作主语)
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
这是他昨天买的笔。(which 在句子中做宾语)
注：
that 指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，作宾
语时可省略。
(3).whose 通常指人，也可指物的，在定语从句中充当定语。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。
I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 我过去住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。
注：whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替
whose+n.=the+n.+of+which/whom
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
门坏掉的那个教室将很快被修理。
Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
你喜欢那本颜色是黄色的书吗？
2.关系副词when, where, why
关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when, where, why 在定语从句
中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
1. when
先行词是表示时间的名词（如time,day,year,month, week 等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语
从句用 when 引导。
I still remember the day when I first met him.
Winter is the time of a year when the day is short but the night is long.
注:
1. when 可以换成"介词+which"
I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.
Winter is the time of year when/ in which the day is short but the night is long.
2. 如果先行词是时间名词但关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，则用which 或that 引导。
I still remember the day which/that was his 100th birthday.
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.
2.where
先行词是表示地点名词如place, factory, house 等或抽象地点名词case,state, condition, point, situation
且在定语从句中作状语，则用where。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
I was born in the city
I know a place where we can have a picnic.
注:
1. where 可以换成"介词+which"
Shanghai is the city where / in which I was born.
I know a place where / in which we can have a picnic.
2. 如果先行词是地点名词但关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，则用which 或that 引导。
Shanghai is the city which/that I want to visit.
I know a place which / that is famous for scenery.
3. why
先行词是表示原因的名词reason, 且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why 引导。
This is the reason why he left in a hurry.
You should tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
注:
1. why 可以换成for which。
This is the reason why /for which he left in a hurry.
You should tell me the reason why /for which you missed the plane.
2. 若先行词为reason,且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是 充当主语或宾语，则用which 或that 引
导。
I didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he explained to me
The reason that he told me yesterday is a lie.
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
六、定语从句的分类
（一）限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
1.
限定性定语从句
定义：限定性定语从句对先行词进行必要的限定，是先行词不可缺少的修饰语，与先行词关系
密切，去掉它主句意思就不完整或失去意义。
特点：
通常不用逗号与主句隔开。
关系词有时可以省略（特别是在口语或非正式文体中，且关系词在从句中作宾语时）。
限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
例句：I met someone who said he knows you.（我遇到了一个说认识你的人。）
2.
非限定性定语从句
定义：非限定性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，是先行词的附加说明，与先行词关系较松散，
去掉它主句意思仍然完整。
特点：
通常用逗号与主句隔开。
关系词不可省略。
在非限制性定语从句中，通常用which 引导，但如果不提前，也可用that（但不如
which 常见）。
as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句中或句末，而which 则通常放在句末。
例句：The house, which I bought last month, is very nice.（这幢房子很漂亮，是我上个月买
的。）
七、定语从句特别注意的几种情况
只用that 不用which 的情况
1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词时。如：
Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。
I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。、当先行词被only,
any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如：2The only thing that we could do was
to wait.我们能做的只是等待。
That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。
3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：
The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。
4、被修饰词为数词时。例如：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.昨天我捉
到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。
5、主句是There be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词修饰物。例句：
There’s still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。
6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：
We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。
7、当主句中有who, which 时，而定语从句中也要用到who 或which 时，为了避免who…who, which…
which 等重叠，定语从句要用that 引导。例如：
Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门边的那个男人是谁？
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多？
人或物在定语从句中表语时，用that 引导定语从句，而that 通常也可以省略。例如：
He is no longer the man that he was.他不再是过去的他。
修饰物时只用which 不用that 的情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。
2、当关系词前有介词时。例如：
This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.
这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。
3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如：
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的
图书馆里借来的那本小说。
4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如：
Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有
助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。
5、先行词为that 时。例如：
The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。
修饰人时只用who 不用that 的情况
1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those 指代人时。如：
The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.
我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的人。
2、在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用 who 关系代词指代人。例如：There’s a gentleman who
wants to see you.有位先生想见你。
3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：
I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.
昨天下午我在公园里遇到一位中文讲得非常好的外国人。
4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who 以避免重复。
The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.受到
校长表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长。
注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：
The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。
way 在定语从句作先行词的用法
当先行词为way 时，定语从句的引导词可用in which, that 或省略引导词。例如：
I don’t like the way（that /in which）he looks at me.我不喜欢他那种样子看着我。
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一
致。
（1） I 作先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词应该与I 保持一致。
I, who am your teacher, will try to answer all kinds of questions.
（2）当关系代词as 或which 指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
（3）当“one of + the(+形容词最高级）＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从
句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
The Lord of the Rings is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.
当“the only one of + the(+形容词最高级）＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是the only
one,从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。
Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
介词+关系代词
介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词的确定
“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指
人时关系代词用whom，不可以用who 或that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。但如果介词
后置，则不受这种限制，限制性定语从句中的关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。
Do you know the girl to whom our teacher is talking? = Do you know the girl (that/ who/whom) our teacher is
talking to?
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？
The school in which my friend once studied is very famous. = The school(that/which) my friend once studied in
is very famous.
我的朋友曾经就读的那所学校很有名。
介词的选取
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用或根据上下文要表达的具体意思，或根据先行词的习惯搭配，或根
据定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下：
1.根据上下文要表达的具体意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，这时，需要根据句子所要表达
的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. (相当于 My brother has worked with the pilot
for ten years.)
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. (相当于My son was saved by the pilot.)这就是救了我儿子的那位
飞行员。
2.根据定语从句修饰的先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?
你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？(on the day)
3.根据定语从句中某些词或短语的习惯搭配来确定介词。有时候，这个介词可能就是作定语从句谓语的短
语动词中的一个固定介词，如choose from 中的from 等。
"介词+关系代词＂的特殊用法
1.有些固定的短语动词在定语从句中作谓语动词时，该短语动词中的介词一般不提至关系代词前，常见的
此类短语动词有care for, deal with, get through, hear from, depend on, listen to, look after, look at, look for, send
for, see to, pay attention to, take care of 等。
这就是我正在寻找的手表。
【误】 This is the watch for which I am looking.
[正]This is the watch which/ that I am looking for.
2.介词in,on,at，for 等与关系代词which 一起引导定语从句时，有时可用相应的关系副词when，where,why
等替换。
The reason for which(=why) he refused the invitation is not clear.
他拒绝这个邀请的理由还不清楚。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which (= where） I was born.
我出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化。
八、定语从句能力提升练
单句语法填空
1．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）The Xinzhai village began to plant coffee trees in 1952, the
Chinese people were not yet used to drinking coffee.
2．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Everything changed a few years later when Zane brought me to a huge cave
entrance there was an old man living in a small house.
3．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）This famous company is looking for people can come up with
original and useful ideas.
4．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）A sports psychologist suggests there is something all great
athletes have in common: They love competition and deal with stress well.
5．（2025·江苏南京·一模）The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t
make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight.
6．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）This type of layout quickly developed and became widely used in subsequent
centuries, establishing itself as the most typical approach to traditional Chinese urban planning, was
generally acknowledged as the square-block design of towns.
7．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over
1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining
options.
8．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）A long scroll (卷轴) of the “Along the River During the Qingming Festival,” an
iconic painting of the Northern Song Dynasty, constructed straight from LEGO bricks, has been on display since
Sep 25th. Covering 47 square meters, this LEGO exhibit, has delicately pieced together a marvelous world
the old and the new meet.
9．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing,
she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a
longer-term rental period.
10．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Together, they started a project which later became a website called Phoemica,
or Xiangyinyuan, recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
九、定语从句能力检测
完成句子
11．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Jan joined an online group （在那里她可以讨论她的
问题）and get support and advice from others.
12．（25-26 高一·全国·假期作业）Our teachers encourage us to take part in some volunteer activities in our
summer holidays, .
我们的老师们鼓励我们暑假期间参加一些志愿者活动，他们认为这能帮助我们得到全面发展。
13．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Mary left a note under the mailbox. She and her friend used to exchange small
gifts there when they were children. (用“定语从句”句式改写句子)
14．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Jake put a lucky coin in the old jar. His mother used to save spare change for
family trips in that jar. (用“定语从句”句式改写句子)
15．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）We cleaned the park on weekends. We had great fun during this time. (用“介
词+非限制性定语从句”句式改写句子)
16．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）I noticed an old man. He was helping a kid pick up books. (用 “定语从句”
句式改写句子)
17．（2021 高三·全国·专题练习）众所周知，随着人民生活水平的提高，汽车已经成为一种受欢迎的交通
方式，为生活带来了巨大的便利。
As , with the improvement of people’s living standards, cars have become a
popular means of transport, great convenience to our life.
18．（2021 高三·全国·专题练习）用非限制性定语从句改写句子。
Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life. His personal life must be very interesting.
19．（2021 高三·全国·专题练习）Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, so when it is dark
on my way home or to school, I can use it as a flasher. (用非限制性定语从句改写句子)
20．（2021 高三·全国·专题练习）我们应该吃大量低脂肪和高蛋白的食物。
We should eat a large food less fat and more protein.
翻译
21．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Sarah 在那家弥漫着陈旧纸张气味的旧书店里发现了一本隐藏的日记。
(用“定语从句”句式汉译英)
22．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）放学后他们一起练习绘画, 也因此成为最亲密的朋友。(用“定语从句”
句式汉译英)
23．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）教练注意到一个害羞的男孩每次训练后都独自练习。(用“定语从句”句
式汉译英)
24．（24-25 高三下·上海·阶段练习）新形势下，餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战，如何实现新发展已成为该行
业探索的热点。（face）（汉译英）
25．（24-25 高三下·上海·阶段练习）我提出的申请过了好久才得到公司的回复。(before) (汉译英)
26．（2025·上海奉贤·三模）老人外出就餐，家门口是否有社区食堂? (where) （汉译英）
27．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）政府号召公众遵循绿色出行理念，这不仅能改善生活质量，还能为环
境保护做出贡献。(call)
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28．（2025·上海奉贤·三模）细腻敏感的人更容易对这个故事中的角色产生共鸣。(likely)
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29．（24-25 高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。
（whose）（汉译英）
30．（24-25 高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位艺术家始终精益求精，最终创作出震撼人心的杰出作品，在展览
会上大放光彩，可谓功夫不负有心人。(prove) (汉译英)
