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文体分类练(四) 说明文和议论文
Passage 1
主题:电动汽车加油中心的新构想 词数:230
难度:★★★☆☆
Jeffrey Lee,a Mizzou architectural studies graduate who formed Level Studio in
2021,just gave the changing infrastructure project an injection of new energy.With Level
Studio
1
Christopher Taurm and Lexi White,Lee put forward the electric vehicle(EV)
charging station concept,Electric Oasis which won the 2023 Forge Prize.
2
steel as the
primary building material,the design reimagines existing gas stations as charging
3
for
electric vehicles.
With the
4
from gas-powered vehicles—the goal is to have EVs
5
at least
50% of new car sales by 2030—conventional gas stations could be put
6
.But half of gas
stations are on petroleum-polluted land that requires strict
7
.The studio’s design features
“tree-like” steel canopies(顶篷) that
8
into their foundation an innovative system that
removes ethanol(乙醇) pollution.
The concept also addresses the
9
EV charging process.Filling a tank of gas usually
takes around 2 to 5 minutes,while the time required for an EV to reach a
10
charge can
take up to 4.5 hours.“Our solution was to create more spaces,to
11
the gas station into
something that’s more of a destination,” Lee says.In their design it’s not
12
a charging
station.“What does the community need? Can these spaces also
13
them?” “The design
is flexible,so it can be
14
to different sites.”
For now,the team is pursuing leads and is
15
to partnering with interested
companies or development teams to put their Electric Oasis design into practice.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一名密苏里大学建筑学专业毕业生将现
有加油站重新构想与气动汽车的充电中心的创新想法。
1.A.applicants
B.co-founders
C.friends
D.physicians
答案 B
解析 根据文章第一句可判断出Level Studio 是一个建筑学专业毕业生创建的工作室,再
结合上下文语境可推出,此处是说,与Level Studio 的联合创始人Christopher Taurm 和
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Lexi White 一起,Lee 提出了电动汽车(EV)充电站概念Electric Oasis,赢得了2023 年的
Forge 奖。
2.A.Employing
B.Undertaking
C.Instructing
D.Deciding
答案 A
解析 此处是说,该设计采用钢铁为主要建筑材料。employ 运用,使用;undertake 承担,从
事;instruct 指示,命令;decide 决定。
3.A.approaches
B.privileges
C.inventions
D.destinations
答案 D
解析 根据第三段中的“Our solution was to create more spaces,to the gas station
into something that’s more of a destination”可推出,此处是说,该设计将现有的加油站重新
构想为电动汽车充电的目的地。
4.A.angle
B.purpose
C.shift
D.boundary
答案 C
解析 由语境及生活常识可知,此处是说,随着从汽油动力汽车向电动汽车的转变——目
标是到2030 年让电动汽车至少占新车销量的50%——传统加油站可能会停业关闭。
angle 角度;purpose 目的;shift 转移,变换;boundary 边界,界限。
5.A.rise to
B.make up
C.take down
D.cut down
答案 B
解析 make up 组成,构成;rise to 上升到;take down 拆除,写下;cut down 砍倒,削减。
6.A.at a loss
B.out of date
C.out of business
D.at risk
答案 C
解析 at a loss 不知所措;out of date 过时;out of business 关闭;at risk 有危险。
7.A.coverage
B.restoration
C.innovation
D.distribution
答案 B
解析 本句中的“petroleum-polluted land”说明加油站所在的土地是受污染的,因此推断
出改造成充电站时需要修复。coverage 新闻报道,涉及;restoration 修复;innovation 创
新;distribution 分布,分配。
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8.A.integrate
B.change
C.force
D.shrink
答案 A
解析 句意:该工作室的设计以“树状”钢顶篷为特色,该顶篷将消除乙醇污染的创新系
统集成到其地基中。integrate 使成为一体;shrink(使)缩小。
9.A.lengthy
B.delicate
C.rough
D.smooth
答案 A
解析 后面一句提到加满一箱油通常需要2~5 分钟左右,电动汽车充满电则需4.5 小时,由
此推断出电动汽车充电是一个漫长的过程。lengthy 漫长的,冗长的;delicate 脆弱的,精致
的。
10.A.rich
B.full
C.steady
D.typical
答案 B
解析 与本句前半部分中的“Filling a tank of gas”呼应,此处应表示“充满电”。full 满
的。
11.A.put
B.divide
C.translate
D.transform
答案 D
解析 我们的解决方案是创造更多的空间,把加油站改造成一个更像目的地的地方。
transform...into 把……改造成。
12.A.necessarily
B.casually
C.merely
D.slightly
答案 C
解析 根据后面一句话可知,他们希望所设计的充电站能够同时满足社区的一些其他需
求,由此推断出这不仅仅是充电站。merely 仅仅;necessarily 必然地;casually 漫不经心
地;slightly 略微。
13.A.ignore
B.serve
C.hold
D.please
答案 B
解析 根据语境判断,他们考虑了社区的需求,希望充电站能够满足这些需求。serve 能满
足……的需要。
14.A.reformed
B.justified
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C.committed
D.adapted
答案 D
解析 根据空前的“flexible”可以推断,他们的设计能适应不同地点。adapt 适应;reform
改革;justify 为……辩护;commit 犯(罪、错),承诺。
15.A.accustomed
B.addicted
C.equal
D.open
答案 D
解析 由空后的“partnering with interested companies or development teams to put their
Electric Oasis design into practice”可知,该团队目前愿意与感兴趣的公司或开发团队合作。
Passage 2
主题:乌鸦研究新发现 词数:225
难度:★★★☆☆
Wearing a caveman mask,Dr.Marzluff walks across the camp at the university.Crows
circle and scream.They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask,he smiles.Days before,he and his students had
16
cavemen
masks,caught crows and
17
plastic bands on to their legs.Then they released the
18
birds.
“We always knew crows
19
us,but could we show it?” says Dr.Marzluff,a professor
known affectionately as the Crowman.
When the researchers walked around campus without masks,the crows they had caught
and banded didn’t
20
to them.But when the
21
humans walked by while wearing
the masks,the crows scolded loudly and dived at their “
22
”.The birds had remembered
their
23
!
“Crows are constantly
24
us,” Dr.Marzluff says.“They look,they think,they eyeball
you,
25
the situation.”
At first,only the banded birds reacted
26
to the people in masks.But in later tests,an
increasing number of crows began scolding them,even when the banded birds were not
around.The birds had
27
from one another.Dr.Marzluff and his team followed banded
crows for a year and
28
that adults even pass this information to their
29
.
Dr.Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’
30
work.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff 博士和他的团队研究了乌
鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子,然后放了乌鸦,同时对捆绑的乌
鸦进行跟踪,发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸,同时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。
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16.A.picked out
B.put on
C.searched for
D.taken off
答案 B
解析 由上文“Wearing a caveman mask”可知,此处指戴上面具。
17.A.dropped
B.stepped
C.pressed
D.tied
答案 D
解析 由下文“the crows they had caught and banded”可知,在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子。
18.A.unhappy
B.beautiful
C.black
D.rare
答案 A
解析 由上文“caught crows”可知,乌鸦被捕所以不开心。
19.A.hate
B.attack
C.recognize
D.contact
答案 C
解析 由下文“the crows scolded loudly”和实验内容可知,研究人员戴上面具,在乌鸦腿上
绑上塑料带子,然后将它们放了,之后他们再戴上面具后,发现乌鸦攻击他们,这说明乌鸦
能认出他们。
20.A.wave
B.react
C.reply
D.turn
答案 B
解析 由下文“to them”可知,此处指乌鸦没有任何反应。react to 固定搭配,意为
“对……作出反应”。
21.A.friendly
B.unkind
C.different
D.same
答案 D
解析 由下文“humans walked by while wearing the masks”和常识可知,为了保证实验的
可信性,应是同一批人戴着面具走过。
22.A.enemies
B.professors
C.owners
D.followers
答案 A
解析 由上文“the crows scolded loudly and dived at their”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦
可知,乌鸦把他们当成敌人,在认出他们之后去攻击他们。
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23.A.clothes
B.faces
C.organs
D.figures
答案 B
解析 由下文“They look,they think,they eyeball you”可知,乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。
24.A.expecting
B.admiring
C.watching
D.tolerating
答案 C
解析 由下文“They look”可知,乌鸦一直在观察他们。
25.A.estimating
B.changing
C.restoring
D.worsening
答案 A
解析 由上文“They look,they think,they eyeball you”和下文“the situation”可知,乌鸦观
察他们是为了估计形势,去攻击他们。
26.A.rigidly
B.automatically
C.abnormally
D.threateningly
答案 D
解析 由下文“But in later tests,an increasing number of crows began scolding them”可知,
乌鸦攻击他们,对他们产生有威胁性的行为。
27.A.resulted
B.heard
C.learned
D.benefited
答案 C
解析 由下文“pass this information”可知,乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息。
28.A.promised
B.identified
C.denied
D.clarified
答案 B
解析 由上下文可知,Marzluff 博士和他的团队研究发现乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼
崽。
29.A.young
B.neighbor
C.partners
D.opponents
答案 A
解析 由上文“adults even pass this information to their”可知,成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息
传递给幼崽。
30.A.wings
B.noses
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C.legs
D.brains
答案 D
解析 由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知,Marzluff 博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的
大脑是如何工作的。
Passage 3 (2024 江西九江三模)
主题:出色的能力源于严格练习 词数:249 难度:★★★☆☆
If you want to stand out,10,000 hours of training will take you much further than your
natural abilities.Mozart is considered by many as the greatest composer who ever
lived.Traditionally,many people
31
outstanding achievements like Mozart’s are due to
talent,or even inborn inspiration or
32
.
This assumption holds especially true for child prodigies(神童) like Mozart whose
music talent
33
the world at the age of six.But looking more
34
at this
phenomenon,we find that these individuals actually had to practice countless hours before
showing their
35
remarkable talent.In fact,scientists indicate that a prodigy’s training
typically
36
at a very early age,with massive time invested in practice.
For example,when the six-year-old Mozart toured Europe to
37
his brilliant piano
skills,he had already
38
3,500 hours of musical training.If you compare this to other
pianists who have practiced for as long,Mozart’s
39
wasn’t all that exceptional.It seems
that outstanding abilities come from intensive strict practice
40
natural talents.A study
shows the only factor directly
41
the students’ level of achievement was the amount of
serious practice time:the most
42
performers had practiced for an average of 10,000
hours,while the least skilled had only 4,000 hours of practice.What’s even more revealing is
that there were no
43
:All of the top performers had
44
great efforts to their
practice.It seems that no extraordinary talent can
45
without tough practice.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过讨论和分析莫扎特等天才的例子,来论
证一个观点,即出色的能力并非仅来源于天赋,而是需要大量的严格练习。
31.A.admit
B.assume
C.realize
D.hope
答案 B
解析 根据上文“Mozart is considered by many as the greatest composer who ever lived.”可
知,莫扎特被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的作曲家,所以许多人认为取得像莫扎特这样
的杰出成就是由于天赋。
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32.A.motivation
B.progress
C.fate
D.determination
答案 C
解析 根据上文“due to talent,or even inborn inspiration or”可知,空处和talent 以及inborn
inspiration 并列,结合选项,应是“fate(命运)”符合语境。故选C 项。
33.A.amazed
B.excited
C.questioned
D.scared
答案 A
解析 根据下文“the world at the age of six”可知,6 岁展现的天赋应是让世界惊叹不已。
34.A.slowly
B.hurriedly
C.widely
D.closely
答案 D
解析 根据下文“we find that these individuals actually had to practice countless hours
before showing their remarkable talent”可知,发现了一个结论,应是仔细观察这一现
象才可以得出。
35.A.old-fashioned
B.so-called
C.well-organized
D.newly-discovered
答案 B
解析 根据主语“these individuals”可知,这些人指的是前文提到的神童,所以应是他们
“所谓的非凡才能”符合语境。
36.A.begins
B.exists
C.ends
D.grows
答案 A
解析 根据下文“with massive time invested in practice”可知,投入了大量的时间在练习上,
所以是训练很早就开始了。
37.A.polish
B.spread
C.display
D.broadcast
答案 C
解析 根据上文“when the six-year-old Mozart toured Europe”以及下文“his brilliant
piano skills”可知,莫扎特在欧洲巡回演出,应是展示他卓越的钢琴技巧。
38.A.exchanged
B.accelerated
C.undergone
D.missed
答案 C
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解析 根据上文“In fact,scientists indicate that a prodigy’s training typically at a
very early age,with massive time invested in practice.”可知,神童的训练通常在很小的时候
就开始了,并投入了大量的时间在练习上,所以此处应是已经接受了3500 小时的音乐训
练。
39.A.achievement
B.ambition
C.exploration
D.experience
答案 A
解析 根据上文“If you compare this to other pianists who have practiced for as long”可知,
和其他练习了这么久的钢琴家相比,应是莫扎特的成就并不是那么特别。
40.A.other than
B.rather than
C.as well as
D.in case of
答案 B
解析 根据上文“If you compare this to other pianists who have practiced for as
long,Mozart’s wasn’t all that exceptional.”可知,和其他练习了这么久的钢琴家相比,
莫扎特的成就并不是那么特别,所以优秀的能力来自密集严格的练习,而不是天生的才能。
41.A.putting forward
B.adjusted to
C.bringing up
D.involved in
答案 D
解析 根据下文“the most performers had practiced for an average of 10,000
hours,while the least skilled had only 4,000 hours of practice”可知,最有天赋的人平均练习
10,000 小时,而技能最差的人只有4000 小时,所以涉及学生成绩水平的唯一因素是认真
练习的时间。
42.A.aggressive
B.ordinary
C.energetic
D.gifted
答案 D
解析 根据下文“while the least skilled had only 4,000 hours of practice”可知,此处是在和
技能最差的人作对比,所以应是最有天赋的人。
43.A.limitations
B.principles
C.exceptions
D.evidences
答案 C
解析 根据下文“All of the top performers had great efforts to their practice.”可知,
所有的顶尖选手都在练习中付出了巨大的努力,所以是无一例外。
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44.A.devoted
B.adapted
C.saved
D.reduced
答案 A
解析 根据上文“the most performers had practiced for an average of 10,000
hours,while the least skilled had only 4,000 hours of practice”可知,越有天赋的人,投入练习
越多,所以应是所有的顶尖选手都在练习中付出了巨大的努力。
45.A.perform
B.escape
C.suffer
D.shine
答案 D
解析 根据下文“without tough practice”可知,没有刻苦的练习,就不能显示出非凡的才能。
