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09完形填空(记叙文、说明文与议论文)-2024年高考英语一轮复习语篇理解技能梳理+名校模拟试题精练(通用版)_英语(2)_一轮复习_2024年_资料

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09 完形填空
(记叙文、说明文与议论文)
完形填空概略
第一部分 完形填空的理论依据
(一)格式塔理论
完形填空又被称为完形测验法或者补漏填空法,其创设是基于格式塔心理学关于场的理论。该理论认
为,人们在观察物体形状时,总会下意识的将残缺或空缺的部分补全完整,以获得完整的物体形状。之后,
语言学家研究发现在语言现象中,人们对不完整的语言现象同样具有补全心理。完形心理学同样也能运用
于篇章阅读中。这也就是说,当读者接触到有空缺的篇章时,读者便会倾向于将所删减的词汇或短语填充
完整,使篇章通顺,语意流畅。补全过程同时也要求读者能够从文章整体出发,而非将思维局限于部分,
因为一篇文章是一由词汇、句子、段落构成的有机整体。读者还需通过篇章情境和已有的知识储备填出或
选择出最佳词汇以及短语,填补篇章中的空缺,达到形式和心理上的“完形”。
(二)语篇衔接理论
衔接是语篇的一大特征,是形成语篇的重要手段。衔接指在依据语法关系和词汇之间的联系,语篇实
现结构完整,语义通畅,意义连贯。从句子结构关系角度,衔接包括语法衔接;从词汇关系和内容角度,衔
接又包含着词汇衔接。1976年,Halliday和Hasan ( Halliday&Hasan } 1976 )出版了《英语的衔接》
( Cohesion in English )专著,在书中韩礼德和哈桑将语法衔接手段划分为指代、替代、省略和连接;同时又
提出词汇衔接手段包括词汇复现和词汇同现。其中,词汇通过上下义词、近义词、反义词、同义词或原词
形成词汇重现。
(三)图式理论
图式理论近年来在完形填空教学中被普遍使用,并取得良好的教学效果。图式理论在 20世纪70年代
得到较大发展。该理论认为,人们认识新事物时,会在大脑中利用自身己有的知识背景和知识储备与新事
物形态特征相联系,大脑中进行复杂活跃的认知活动,建构图示,联系新旧事物,最终达到理解新事物的
状态。图式理论有三种结构:形式图式、内容图示和语言图示。形式图式指导读者分析文章体裁和结构。内
容图式则涉及篇章主旨和具体内容以及文化背景知识。语言图示则是指读者对篇章语言知识如词汇、语法
等的熟悉程度。三种图式结构紧密联系,缺一不可。
第二部分 完形填空的作用
完形填空比多项选择题更为有效,而目的更易于设计或运用于课堂教学。关于这一点要提及另一个事
实,阅读理解题常使学生感到盲从。这些题目常使学生只是从某一点来专注于文章,用这种方式来构成学生的阅读。我们在教学中早已发现学生在阅读之前是如何常常先查看文章后面的问题。这是因为问题会告
诉读者应该在文章中寻找什么或阅读什么,而这在完形填空中是行不通的,学生要根据要求利用完形填空
真正地将文章阅读数遍,随后自行做出决定。因此,完形填空不同于其它的测试,是一种创造性的并且奏
效的测试。这一题型促使学生注意整篇文章的语篇而不是单纯的词汇或句子结构,这对于中等或优等的学
生是一个重要的因素。由于完形填空可以对学生的阅读能力提供首要的明证,以证实诸如学生入学的阅读
水平或实际的阅读水平,所以可以作为入学考试或分班考试的命题手段。其具体作用体现在如下几点:
一、确立文章可读性的标准
完形填空的首要用途是确立一篇文章可读性的标准,这篇文章与拥有的读者层次有关。这对于英语作
为外语或者英语作为第二语言(EsL>的教师无疑极为重要。如果学生能够流畅地阅读一篇文章,教师就没
有必要对此多作解释,可以立即利用这一文章作为背景知识进行教学。如果学生表明是根据教学标准来阅
读,这对于理解课文是必不可少的。如果学生阅读受挫,教师最好放弃这篇文章,这说明要么是因为语言
太难,要么是因为文章的背景相对于学生的经历太陌生。
二、训练听说读写技能
鉴于完形填空的诸多优点,我们教师可以利用完形填空进行英语听说读写的训练。
1. 发展听力技能(listening skills)
听力似乎与阅读毫无关系,其实不然,两者有其共同之处。都是用感官去接受信息,前者用耳,后者
用眼去感受和接受信息,听与读都属于感受技能(receptive skills)。完形填空反映出听力与阅读技能间有重
要的关系。教师可以利用完形填空的题型再借助于录有原文的录音磁带来训练或测试学生的听力技能。学
生一边倾听录音中的原文,一边写出原文中被删掉的词或短语,这样能促使学生答题时认真仔细地听写,
从而提高答题的准确性。此外,这样的训练或测试也能增强学生对发展听力技能的自信心,尤其是对于那
些听力技能较弱的学生,他们或许能借助于上下文对未听懂之处再进行完形填空。我们在教学中发现一些
学生对纯粹的听写常感到紧张和缺乏自信心,所以教师不妨变换训练或测试的手段,以激发起学生发展听
力技能的兴趣。
2.增进会话技巧(speaking skills)
利用完形填空来教学。一旦学生完成后,并知道得分以后,他们会对自己的得分与教师发生不可避免
的争论:“为什么我不能用房屋来代替住宅呢?毕竟它们属同一类”Why can' t工have building instead of
house? After all it comes to the same thing.由于英语课堂教学要求学生用英语问答,学生也就会习惯成自然地
用英语争辩。此时,教师应不失时机地针对学生们的争辩组织讨论。在这种场合,即便是一些被我们教师
认为腼腆和沉默寡言的学生每当获悉自己的得分后,也会变得口若悬河和好争论。开口的机会越多,就越
能增进学生的会话技巧。3.提高I阅读技能(reading skills)
阅读教学的主要目的是培养学生通过阅读了解其内容找出中心思想、扩大词汇量等。一方面,学生完
形填空的过程本身就是了解其内容和寻觅中心思想的过程。以此为基础,然后学生考虑空格所省略的词与
上下文连贯的语义及结构,自上而下地逐一填空。另一方面,教师通过分析与讲解相关的完形填空,有助
于学生借助于上下文学习与掌握语法知识、常用的固定搭配习语、词组与句型,从而提高阅读技能。
4.强化写作技能(writing skills)
完形填空除了可以用于听、说、读教学之外,还可以用于写作教学,尤其是商务信件,或者其它指导
性的写作(如:小结、报告和随笔等)。教学步骤可以这样安排:首先让学生阅读一篇简单的商务信件,其次发
给学生一篇类似的信件,但是信中有些语句被删掉,要求学生填出删掉的部分。此类写作教学的长处在于
可根据学生的能力变换空格的出现率,随着课程的进展,空格出现的频率更多。最后学生发现他们能很容
易地填出每隔三个词或者四个词出现的空格,这样,学生对于商务信件的文体规律和词汇更为熟悉,达到
预期的教学效果。
第三部分 完形填空解题能力的制约因素
完形填空是一种立意新、区分度高、从语篇层面上考查学生语言能力的综合型试题。完形填空自问世
以来,国内的学者专家对其进行了大量的研究。从这些研究成果中,我们可以看到,考生在完形填空的答
题成绩,与以下几个因素有关:
1.快速阅读理解能力。试卷上的答题要求写道“阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从各题所给的四个选项
中,选出一个最佳答案。”由于完形填空的文章被有目的挖去了一些词,考生必须根据整篇文章信息综合
分析,来补全残缺部分,因此,考生需要具备较强的阅读能力,才能把握文章脉络。完形填空不只考查英
语知识层面的内容,也考查英语阅读能力。
2.整体思维和综合判断能力。命题者在试题命制过程中,从语篇的角度通盘考虑,有系统的删去一些
文字,这就要求考生在答题时,必须在通览全文的基础上整体考虑,确定正确选项。而从全局出发考虑问
题的能力,是优秀人才必须具备的素质。
3一定的语法知识和词汇运用能力。做完形填空题必须具有一定的语法知识,它是分析复杂长句和篇
章结构的基础。但近几年英语高考完形填空题对词汇(包括习语)的考查比重最大。这种检测是放在活的语
境中进行的,这就要求考生掌握词汇的含义和潜词造句的能力。
完形填空体裁及试题应对分析
第一部分 记叙文类完形填空
文体分析记叙文是记人叙事的文章,它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果,即我们通常所
说的五个" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一个" H "( how )。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写",因此
一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚,描写生动形象。
1. 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳
所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者,使人读后感到真实可信,如身临其境。
如:
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I
was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之
外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman
walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with
her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
2. 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词
的过去的,这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变
化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3. 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。
顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,
读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使
读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄
巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4. 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括
说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel,
watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many
places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the
clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun
was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like
a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5. 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主
观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、
具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe
someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across
the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙
述模式,没有人物语言,把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was
knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "Its you." I
said, quite released.
题型分析
一、题型解读
记叙文类完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式,记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等,文章长度在 300词
左右。
文章首句一般不设空,以情景意义考查为主,淡化对语法的考查,4个选项词类相同,设空以实词为
主,即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主,虚词为辅,即介词、连词,代词为辅,几乎不涉及情态动词与冠
词。近几年记叙文文体完形填空的选文突出了叙述上的灵活性、事件的趣味性和教育性,再加上生词量的
增大,及复合句的增多,考生在此题上的失分仍然很严重。因此,如在读懂原文的情况下减少失误是目前
考生面临的重大问题。
二、解答技巧
1.细读文章首句,推测全文内容
完形填空通常首句是一个完整的句子,它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键,是理解全文大意的一扇
窗户,所以理解首句信息显得很重要。一般情况下,高考完形填空首句不设空。少数情况下,即使设空,也是在句子末尾,不影响考生对句意的把握。
【典例示例】
My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.
That first year, I 11 feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no 12
coming up right to me for them . As the months went by , the rabbits saw that I was no 1 3 and didn't escape.
【解析】
根据首句,确定出本文讲述的主题:“我”以前家的后面有一片树林,在后院有很多动物;国绕这一主题
展开故事。
11.A.avoided B. started C. canceled D. suggested
【解析】:第一年,“我”开始给冠蓝码喂花生吃,然后又喂松鼠。start doing sth.“开始做某事”
12.A.business B. fun C. problem D. privilege
【解析】:松鼠毫无困难(problem),直接上来享用花生。
13.A.help B. cheat C. threat D. exception
【解析】:几个月过去了,兔子见“我”没有威胁,不逃走了。threat"威胁”,符合语境。
【答案】:11.B12.C13.C
2.通读全文,理清各个角色
一般来说,记叙文有两个或两个以上的角色,作者对这些角色的态度是不一样的,即便是对做同样一
件事的人,作文突出了叙述上的灵者也不一定采用同样的态度来描述。只有把握好每个人物生词量的增大,
及复:的特点和内心世界,才能更好地定位文章的中心思想,更准然很严重。因此,如何确地选出答案。
【典例示例】
I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and 4 1 placed his comb on his wallet. But this time, I
noticed something 42 .Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, 43 his smile was
still as 4 4 as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good 4 5 for his family.
41.A.firmly B. hurriedly C. casually D. carefully
【解析】:父亲对“我”笑了笑,小心地(carefully)把梳子放在他的钱包上。firmly“坚决地”,
hurriedly“匆忙地”,casually“随便地”,均不符合文意。
42.A.different B. exciting C. interesting D. urgent
【解析】:但是,这一次,“我”注意到一些不同的(different)事情后文中的“Dad had aged. He had
wrinkles...”也是暗示。
43 . A . for B. or C. so D. yet
【解析】:根据空处上下文的语境可知,此处表示意思上的转折,故要用yet“然而,但是”。44.A.convincing B. heartwarming C. cautious D. innocent
【解析】:父亲的微笑仍然像以前一样令人感到幸福快乐(heartwarming)。convincing"令人信服的,有说服
力的”;cautious"谨慎的,十分小心的”;innocent"无辜的,无罪的”,均不符合文意。
45.A.origin B. life C. reputation D. education
【解析】:从父亲的笑中,作者体会到父亲是想让自己的家人有好的生活(life)。
【答案】:41.D 42.A 43.D 44.B 45.B
3.理顺事件线索,找准发展方向
记叙文一般按事件发展的顺序来叙述(有时用倒叙),正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着
重要的意义。因此,在选择答案时要事先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。
【典例示例】
Obediently(顺从地),my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes and 42 . When the music
started , the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the
children were 43. When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their 44 slowly so that we could share our
musical journeys.
42.A.slept B. nodded C. waited D. continued
【解析】:学生们趴在课桌上,闭着眼睛,等待(waited)着播放音乐。
43.A.talking B. singing C. dancing D. listening
【解析】:根据前一句的“When the music started”可知,此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。
44.A.legs B. heads C. arms D. shoulders
【解析】:根据前一句的“When the music started”可知,此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。
【答案】:42.C 43.D 44.B
4.描摩作者意图,弄清蕴含哲理
记叙文一般通过一件平常事来说明一个人生哲理,或作者的感悟,因此把握好其中的道理,对理解细
节有更为准确的作用。注意不要把自己的观点放到文章中去,一切都以作者或主人公的态度和观点为线索
展开。
【典例示例】
It 37 me that playing against the other team was a great 38 moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is
a general principle. 39 is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be 4 0 what they would have gotten in
school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful , because they had to work them out on their own .
37.A.confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned
【解析】:这不由让作者想起和其他队比赛也是一个难得的学习机会。It strikes sb. that...“让某人突然想到……”,为固定句型。
38 . A . touching B. thinking C. encouraging D. learning
【解析】:本句与文章首句“Where do you go when you want to learn something"还有下文The lessons they
learned ma not...照应。
39 . A . Experience B. Independence C. Curiosity D. Interest
【解析】:结合上文的比赛情况可知,“经验”是最好的老师。
40.A.harmful to B. mixed with C. different from D. applied to
【解析】:这些经验与她们在学校学到的东西可能不会有太大的“不同”,但是肯定更加深入、更加有意
义,因为这她们自己摸索出来的。different from"与……不同”,符合语境。
【答案】:37.B38.D39.A40.C
5.把握时间线索,做出正确判断
有些记叙文叙述一件事,故事情节随着时间而不断推进。我们可以抓住里面的时间线索,利用情节的
变化来巧妙地做出判断。
【典例示例】
That second year, the rabbits 15 me, and one would even sit up for slices!...
By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back.
The groundhog 23 didn't have a problem with me scratching her back , and I got an idea .
15.A.feared B. ignored C. discovered D. remembered
【解析】:第二年,兔子记得“我”,甚至有一只会坐着享用胡萝卜片。remember"想起,记得”。
23 . A . also B. thus C. just D. still
【解析】:第三年,兔子和土拨鼠回来了。“我”用手指抓挠土拨鼠的背仍然(still)没有困难。
【答案】:15.D23.D
第二部分 说明文类完形填空
文体分析
说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学的解说,对客观事物做出
说明或对抽象的阐释,使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能,关系或对事理的概念、特
点、、演变、异同等科学地认识,从而获得有关的知识。下面是收集的说明文的基本特征,希望对您有所
帮助!
1、内容的确定性
说明文是以传输知识为目的的文体。而任何知识都必须有确定的内容。确定的内容有二:一是确定
的对象,一是确定的要点。凡是知识总是关于一定事物、一定对象的。所以说明首先要明确说明的对象。确定的要点指说明内容的基本范围,作者说明的着眼点。说明的对象表明作者所说明的特定的事物,但特
定的事物是一个整体,要介绍有关它的知识不能只作空泛的陈述,必须确定说明内容的具体范围即着眼点。
有几处着眼点,就有多大的说明范围。说明的要点常表现为某些方面。一般说来,事物的属性有7个方面:
形状、特性(性质)、构造、成因、关系、功能、方法。说明的要点也表现为不同的角度、类别、阶段、
部位等,这些就是人们认识事物的观察点、出发点。当说明的内容确定为该事物的某个方面以后,说明的
角度、部位等就成了更加具体的说明范围。
2、顺序的条理性
说明的内容最后确定在说明的要点上。当说明的要点不止一个或同一要点有不同的角度、类别等的
时候,就有一个先后顺序的问题。记叙也有顺序。但它包含在事件的因果相连的链条中。无论任何事件,
都有它的起因、发展和结果;无论顺叙倒叙,它们都是事件本身的顺序。议论也有顺序,但它主要包含在
证明的过程中。而且,议论的顺序与说明的顺序有着很多相通的地方。所以,研究说明的顺序对我们自觉
地认识议论的顺序也有着十分重要的参考价值。
说明的顺序尽管复杂,但也是有规律可寻的。总的来看,说明顺序有3种:方位顺序、时间顺序、逻
辑事理顺序。逻辑事理,这是概括说法。凡在方位和时间之外的顺序都是逻辑事理顺序。如简单与复杂,
主要与次要,一般与个别,概括与具体,原因与结果等。
3、语言的科学性
说明文以传播知识为目的。这就决定了说明文的语言要具有科学性。
(1)真实。对事物有关知识的说明不能夸大或缩小,更不能弄虑作假,必须持实事求是的态度。
(2)准确。准确也是真实,但它重在选用词语的恰如其分上。
(3)简明。就是简洁、明晰,不罗苏,不含糊,用精练的语言把意思表达的清清楚楚。
(4)周密。所谓周密,就是严密,没有疏漏,无懈可击。
(5)客观。所谓客观,指在语言表达中,不能携带作者的思想感情。它要求无褒无贬,冷静地观察
事物,用平实地语言进行表达。这一点,正好同记叙的语言形成对比。记叙的语言具有鲜明的情感性,而
说明的语言则无需表达作者的感情。如果说有感情的话,也只能说是零度感情。
题型分析
说明文的写作目的是授人以知,让人明白,说明文只是说明事物的特征,阐明原理,介绍知识。说明
文完形填空的结构模式一般是:提出问题——发现直接原因——分析深层原因——得出结论或提出解决
方案。
一、命题解读
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明,文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明
文所呈现的方式较为单一,作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象,然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此,这
类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面,所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意,尤其是文章每
一段的开头或结尾,作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。说明文类的完形填空的特征如下:
1.文章多用现在时态
说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明,与时间的变化关系不大,所以文章常用现在时态。
2.语言简练、平实、准确,常采用客观描述
说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物,明白事理,所以语言简练、平实、易于理解,内容客观真实,很
少含有带感情的词汇。
3.文章主题明确,层次分明
说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象,从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且,
作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章,使文章结构清晰,层次分明。
二、应试策略
1. 利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
2. 把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括"总—分""分—总""总—分—总"等具体形式。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构,一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括:空间顺序——从上到下、
从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分;时间顺序——按照时间先后
顺序来安排,事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程;逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的,在说明时
就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排,或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果,具有严密的条理性。
三、解题步骤
1.利用说明文首句,明确说明对象
【典例示例】
Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 28______ , your body clock is confused.
You're sleepy all day, but when it's time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you're 29 _________jet
lag(时差反应).
28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate
【解析】:下文的“jet lag(时差反应)”说明,在旅行时要适应时差。
29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to
【解析】:上文的“hardly fall asleep”说明人们常常不能顺利地倒时差;suffer from“受折磨”。
【答案】:28.B29.A2.关注内在联系,把握说明顺序
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺
序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。
【典例示例】
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 _______to
live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live-if he or she
is 2_______ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply
cannot continue to reproduce 3_______. They wear out, and as a result , we get old and 4 die .
1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
【解析】:此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120岁。design“设计”。
2.A.completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
【解析】:根据上下文可知,此处表示110岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的时间了——如果
一个人极其健康和幸运的话,extremely“极度,极其”。
3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
【解析】:这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖,所以人才会变老。endlessly“无止况地,无限地”。
4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
【解析】:get old的最终结果就是死亡,因此用eventually表示“最终”。
【答案】:1.A2.D3.C4.A
3.逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项
对特定的语境作深入的理解,克服“思维定式”,根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选
择。针对说明文独有的文体特点,解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识
等角度去考虑和判断,并注意其内在联系。
第三部分 议论文类完形填空
文体分析
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的
解释事物,还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文,它涉及的范围
要小得多。英语议论文主要是就某一主题,在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上,通过论证、推理辩论等手
段,试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点,但力
图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。
不管是在汉语中,还是在英语中,议论文都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象、论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法),这三个要素
构成的,这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此,典型的议论文一般就由序论(提
出问题,即what)、本论(分析问题,即why)和结论(解决问题,即how)三个部分构成,其具体的结
构模式又有以下三种:
模式一:引言段(提出观点)——正方论点心(支持作者的观点的较弱论点)、正方论点 2(支持作
者的观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建
议)
在这种模式中,文章主体段(中间部分)的每一个部分论述一个论点,这些论点以其重要性按序排
列,最有力、最重要的论点在最后面,以示强调。
模式二:引言段(提出观点)——反面意见(反方观点+作者的反驳)、正方论点1(支持作者观点的
较弱论点)、正方论点2(支持作者观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)——结论
段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)
在这种模式中,文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳,以后各部分
仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。
模式三:引言段(提出观点)——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论
点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)在这种模式中,作者在
文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点,然后再进行反驳。
英语议论文的语言特点
由于与其他文体相比,英语议论文类似英语说明文,因此,它具有英语说明文的一些语言特点,比
如:时态较为统一,多用现在时;强调语言表达的客观性;尽可能指明信息来源等等。但作为一种独立的
文体,英语议论文在语言上也有一些自己特有的表达形式:
1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子
与英语说明文相比,英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点,而且还要让读者接受自己的观点,因
此,在词语表达上除了客观之外,还必须注意委婉。在英语中,常用虚拟语气,让步状语从句和情态动词
can,could,may,might,would,should等。请看下面两组有关“面试在招生过程中的重要性”的文字:
(1)No one should be admitted into(招收进)college without a personal interview(面试).What
can admissions people(招生人员)tell from a piece of paper?They can tell nothing.Only when they see a
student face to face,can they decide what kind of a person he is.
(2)Though admissions people can learn some things from a piece of paper,such as how well a person
writes and what he is interested in there may be many other things that an application (申请表)can not tell butcan only be seen in a personal interview.The way a person talks,the way he thinks about and answers questions,
the way he reacts(反应),are all important facts of a person which can not be found on a piece of paper.
两段文字都强调“大学生入学必须面试”,但相比之下,例(2)用了情态动词,though引导的让
步状语从句等表达方式,语气较为委婉,更容易为读者所接受。
2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等词语结构
英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻辑性,因此,往往较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和连接
词,常用的包括:since (既然),now that(既然), therefore(因而),consequently(因此),
accordingly(因此),hence(因而),in that case(在那种情况下),because(因为),so(所以)。另
外,还有些句型也常出现在英语议论文中,比如: It follows that…(因而……),If…,we may conclude
that…(如果……,我们可以这样下结论……), Should it be the case(如果是这样的话……),Idon't
want to…,but…(我并不想……,但是……), If you admit…,then…(如果你承认……,那么……),
It is true that…,but…(诚然……,但是……), Even if…(即使……)等。
(1)如“很多人很快就会发现,他们在物质上是富裕了,精神上却很贫乏”,可以这样达: Many
people will soon find themselves rich in goods,but ragged in spirit.(注:句中rich in与ragged in,goods与
spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果。)
(2)如“利远远大于弊”,可以这样表达: The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.(注:
句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。)
(3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理,但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”,可以这样表
达:
They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements,but have ignored a more important fact.(注:句中have
noticed与have ignored,a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效
果。)
(4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”,可以这样表达:
It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.(注:句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系
和效果)
3.使用重复。
英文一般讲求简洁,因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。
(1)如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候
了”,可以这样表达:Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to
work hard for the future.(注:此句为句首重复,重复部分为句首的now it the time to)
(2)如“我们渴望成功,而且正在为成功而努力工作”,可以这样表达:
We long for success and we are working hard for success.(注:此句为句尾重复,重复的部分为句尾的for
success.)
(3)如“我相信我们能够成功,我相信我们也一定会成功”,可以这样表达:
I am convinced that we can succeed,and I am convinced that we must succeed.(注:and所连接的两个语句的
句首与句尾部分同时重复,重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed)
(4)如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代,而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”,可以这样表达: We are
now living in a new era,and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.(注:and之前的句尾与
and之后的句首重复,重复部分为a new era.)
4.使用倒装
倒装是进行强调的一种手段,它利用了语句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。例如,如“充满着风险与机
遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”,可以这样表达:
Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances.
5.使用转义
转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段,主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等,比喻又包括明
喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。
(1)如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”,英文可为:
What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.(注:此句采用明喻,明
喻的特点是使用了like一词)
(2)如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”,英文可为:
Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.(注:此句采用暗喻,暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似
之处进行比喻,与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词)
(3)如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”,英文可为:
I am reading Shakespeare.(注:此句采用换喻,换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物的名
称,使用通过联想理解其含义,但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来表达的)
(4)如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”,英文可为:
A hand is needed here.(注:此句采用提喻,提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个
事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人)题型分析
一、题型特点
议论文文体的完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个
话题供大家讨论。
议论文文体的完形填空一般都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象)、论据(用来证明论点
的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法)这三个要素构成,这也是
一个提出问题→分析问题→解决问题的过程。
另外,英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点,而且还要让读者接受自己的观点。因此,在词语表达
上除了客观之外,还比较注重委婉。作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳,在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交
流的语气,不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉,在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状
语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性,往往较多地
使用像since, now that, therefore, in that case, because, so, but, however等过渡词和连接词。
三、解答技巧
1. 把握首段和首句完整的信息,把握全文的主旨大意
【典例示例】
All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years . It's the age when we have to deal with
the most 36_____ in our life . This transition(过渡) from childhood to adulthood is 37_____ for some , but rough
for others . The most important thing about being a teenager is 38______ . When we are teenagers , we would get
blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do.
36.A.chances B. changes C. feelings D. expectations
【解析】:在这个阶段我们需要面对生活中的很多改变(changes)。
37.A.smooth B. practical C. demanding D. necessary
【解析】:从童年到成年的过渡,对有些人来说是很顺利的(smooth),但是对另外一些人来说却很艰难。此
处用smooth“顺利的”,和后面的rough相对应。
38.A.knowledge B. independence C. confidence D. responsibility
【解析】:根据此空的下一句“当我们成为青少年时,我们会因犯错受到责备甚至是惩罚”可知,此处表
示“成为青少年最重要的一件事就是责任(responsibility)”。
【答案】:36.B 37.A 38.D
2. 把握作者的观点和态度
议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点,而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点,把握作者对某一事物是襄还是贬,是赞成还是反对,而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。
【典例示例】
You do not have to train yourself 6_______ to feel the psychological benefits of exercise.
What really matters is 7______, not intensity(强度)of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five
times per week or simply gardening on weekends.
6.A.hard B. everywhere C. carefully D. late
【解析】:根据下文作者强调运动的关键是频度而不是强度可知:你训练的时候强度没必要很大,故选
A。
7.A.time B. length C. form D. frequency
【解析】:根据文章最后一段给出的建议每周五次散步可知,运动的关键是频度而不是强度,故选D。
time“次”;length“长度”;form“形式,表格”;frequency“频度,频率”。
【答案】:6.B 7.D
3. 论点、论据互相结合,找出选项正确答案
一般说来,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有
机地结合起来,使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系,因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛
盾,论据与论点相惊,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分,直到
清楚为止,这样才能选出正确答案。
【典例示例】
There are four of us now in the house, but over time I've had nine people come in and move on to other places.
We'd all be in 54 _______if we hadn't banded together .
The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. It's not so much about what I can get for myself ; it's about
55_______we can all get by together
54.A.yards B. shelters C. camps D. cottages
【解析】:如果不是大家齐心协力,那么我们都将会栖身于避难所,因此选shelters。
55.A.when B. what C. whether D. how
【解析】:D 本句点明中心:美国梦不是关于一个人能够获得什么,而是关于我们在一起如何去实现它,
因此选how。
【答案】:54.B 55.D
4.通篇阅读,围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题目,并最终确定答案
逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后,一篇完整的文章便呈现出来,此时,要注意一定要通读全文,
以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离,以求更高的准确度。第四部分 夹叙夹议类完形填空
文体分析
一般说来,“夹叙夹议”中的“叙”常见的有三种情况:记叙性叙述、描写性叙述和议论性叙述。记
叙性叙述带有很强的叙事性。描写性叙述有浓厚的描写色彩。议论性叙述往往由几个事例构成,常采用排
比的句式,酣畅淋漓,大气磅礴,表达出飞扬的激情和深邃的思想,极具感染力。这种“叙”难说是叙还
是议,实际上是理性化的叙述,叙议一体,渗透了作者的思想与情感。这三种叙述方法,记叙性叙述要把
事件的过程写清楚,适合举一个事例时使用;描写性叙述要有对人物和情节的想像再造,适合对一个场景
或情境的描述;议论性叙述要选择几个相关的事例,具有概括性,适合列举一组典型事例时使用。
“议”是“夹叙夹议”语段的核心、灵魂,是事例叙述的意义之所在。“议”,有四种常见的议论方
式。
(1)分析性议论。这是一种最常见的议论形式,是对叙述的事例加以分析,揭示事例的内涵,阐释
事例的意义,透析事例的实质,使读者能够悟道明理。
(2)感悟性议论。这种议论在叙述事例之后生发开去,着重表达作者的感想和领悟。
(3)联想性议论。由事例引发联想,由此及彼,联想到过去、现实、未来,联想到包含着类似道理
的事例,表达出作者对客观世界的一种认知。
(4)对比性议论。先是对所叙述的事例阐述、挖掘,然后再举出事例与之比较分析,找出二者的相
同点或不同点,通过对比,孰优孰劣,褒贬分明。
题型分析
一、题型解读
在夹叙夹议形式的完形填空中,作者首先叙述一件事,然后就此事提出自己的见解或由此事引出一个深
刻的社会主题。夹叙夹议类型的完形填空常见的有以下三种形式:
1.先叙述最后得出结论
首先作者讲述一个事件,并且利用了主要的篇幅讲述整个事件的发生、发展、高潮、结局,然后作者
就此展开议论,或者阐述一个深刻的社会热点,或者自己对生活的感悟等。
2.先议论再叙述
这也是我们平时见得比较多的完形填空类型。文章首先提出一个深刻的社会话题,或者提出一个人生哲
理,然后通过一个事件来印证这个深刻的道理,让人们在具体的事例中体会作者的观点。
3.叙述议论多方结合
这一类文章包括“议论+叙述+议论”型、“叙述+议论+叙述+议论”型。这两种模式都可以概括
为多层叙述与议论。也就是针对每一部分论点用事例说明,然后再提出论点再进行论证,或者采用叙述,
然后议论的形式。
二、解答技巧夹叙夹议型文章的思路跳跃性强,按照一般的命题要求,文章的首句或者是一个完整的富有哲理的句子,
这个句子不容忽视,往往是全文的关键句,甚至是文章的主题;或者是一小段叙述文,作者下文要对此展开议
论。夹叙夹议文的主题明确,那就是告诉读者一个道理。因此,正确理解首句和开头段落以及它们在文章中
的作用是非常重要的。
夹叙夹议型完形填空是记叙和议论在文中交错运用,这样,不但可以大大充实文章的内容,而且能增强文
章的说服力,从而既易于读者理解,又引发读者思考。只要抓住文章的线索,弄明白文章的逻辑关系,就能确定
比较明确的、直接的答案。
夹叙夹议型文章的基本结构模式是:①用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题);②叙述先前的经
历及其感悟或发现;③叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现;④作出总结或结论。文章通常使用对比、附加、
强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。因此考生应注意观察文章的结构特点,根据故事情节的发展
模式,确定恰当的衔接词。常见的语篇标志词有:表示逻辑关系的,如thus,therefore,so,though等;表示改变
话题的,如by the way等;表示递进关系的,如besides,further,furthermore,what is more等。
【典例示例】 (2019·全国卷I)
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41
with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are
disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural
experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons
of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are
48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual
places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems
(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54
lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are
covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland
57 : gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the
glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere
of peace?I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
【文章大意】文章讲述了乞力马扎罗山的特征以及与之相关的环境问题。
41.D
【解析】A. keep保持;B. mix混合;C. connect联系;D. bring带来。句意:他们带来了很多的垃圾。由
“lots of waste”可知,登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
42.C
【解析】A. stories故事;B. buildings建筑物;C. crowds人群;D. reporters记者。句意:人群可能会破坏这
个地方的美。由“40,000”可知,这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
43.C
【解析】A. position位置;B. age年龄;C. face外貌,表面;D. name名字。句意:冰川正在消失,改变着
乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一,所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
44.B
【解析】A. silent沉默的;B. skepetical怀疑的;C. serious严肃的;D. crazy疯狂的。句意:听到这些故事,
我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了
乞力马扎罗山,作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。
【考点】形容词辨析
45.A
【解析】A. discover发现;B. argue争论;C. decide决定;D. advocate提倡。句意:然而,我很快发现,自
从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。由“much haschanged”可知,作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
46.C
【解析】A. equipment装备;B. grass草;C. camps营地;D. stone石头。句意:我很快发现,自从那些令
人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps”可知,本
句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
47.D
【解析】A. remote遥远的;B. quiet安静的;C. tall高的;D. clean干净的。句意:我发现了一座干净的山,
营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知,营地里和路边都有厕所,所以这
是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。
【考点】形容词辨析
48.C
【解析】A. new新的;B. special特殊的;C. significant重大的;D. necessary必要的。句意:环境挑战是巨
大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知,很多的登山者来到乞力
马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失,这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。
【考点】形容词辨析
49.A
【解析】A. paying off还清,报偿;B. spreading out伸展;C. blowing up爆炸;D. fading away逐渐消退。
句意:环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知,前后
表示转折关系,说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。
【考点】动词短语辨析
50.B
【解析】A. atmosphere氛围;B. experience经历;C. experiment实验;D. sight视力。句意:在我看来,来
乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
51.D
【解析】A. studied学习;B. observed观察;C. explored探索;D. regarded认为。句意:山被许多文化视为
精神场所。由“spiritual space”可知,山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被视为……。故D选项切
题。
【考点】动词辨析
52.A
【解析】A. view景色;B. quality质量;C. reason原因;D. purpose目的。句意:在乞力马扎罗,当登山者
在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时,景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统,所以景色也是明显的不同。
故A选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析53.B
【解析】A. scientists科学家;B. climbers登山者;C. locals当地人;D. officials官员。句意:在乞力马扎罗,
当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时,景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为
了登山,也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
54.D
【解析】A. holding on to抓住;B. going back to回到(原来的话题);C. living up to达到,履行;D. giving
way to向……让步。句意:热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头,让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带
雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头,所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。故D选项切题。
【考点】动词短语辨析
55.A
【解析】A. changes改变;B. clears放晴;C. improves提高;D. permits允许。句意:再往上走,天气变了
——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知,海拔变了,天气也是不同的,是变化的。故
A选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
56.C
【解析】A. match匹配;B. imagine想象;C. count数;D. add增加。句意:我从站的地方数出了十二种绿
色。由“twelve shades of green”可知,作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
57.B
【解析】A. village村庄;B. desert沙漠,荒地;C. road马路;D. lake湖。句意:海拔4000米以上是高山
荒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave, stones and rocks”可知,海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠。故B选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
58.D
【解析】A. Obviously明显地;B. Easily容易地;C. Consequently结果;D. Finally最后地。句意:海拔
4000米以上是高地荒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故 D选
项切题。
【考点】副词辨析
59.A
【解析】A. permanent永久的;B. little小的;C. fresh新鲜的;D. artificial人造的。句意:很明显,你爬进
了一个类似北极的地带,那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic-like zone”可知,这是一
个类似北极的地带,所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。
【考点】形容词辨析
60.B
【解析】A. enjoy享受;B. deserve值得;C. save挽救;D. acquire获得。句意:乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤
的山,挤满了成群的游客,破坏了宁静的气氛,它值得这样的名声吗?这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰,以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故 B选项切
题。
【考点】动词辨析
名校资源学练
1
(2023·江苏扬州·扬州中学校考模拟预测)Twin sisters Hadley and Delaney Robertson were both found to
suffer from scoliosis(脊柱侧凸)at age 12.
Delaney’s scoliosis required no 1 , but Hadley’s spine curve(脊柱弯曲)was serious. To 2
the rapid progression, she was under the doctor’s 3 to wear a back brace(支架)for 18 hours a day. If
Hadley needed to 4 take off her brace, she should wear it for extra hours another day to 5 lost
time. “One thing I found really 6 was figuring out how to track the 7 of my wearing,” Hadley
said. “I tried 8 things. A notepad, a whiteboard and some other tools. And I even 9 to look for
an app with such function, but there really wasn’t anything so we decided to 10 an app ourselves.”
The twins had no 11 of developing an app although they were enthusiastic about computer science.
They then worked with an app developer to 12 they had everything they needed to place the app into app
stores, and it was officially 13 to the public in May. The app had around 500 active 14 within
a week. Hadley said, “Their positive comments on the app made us amazed. People said they’re glad that they can
record how long they wear the brace more 15 .”
1. A. test B. surgery C. examination D. treatment
2. A. keep B. assess C. slow D. predict
3. A. terms B. orders C. eye D. control
4. A. quickly B. frequently C. accidentally D. temporarily
5. A. make up for B. give way to C. take advantage of D. look back on
6. A. original B. meaningful C. difficult D. urgent
7. A. progress B. length C. condition D. expense
8. A. various B. vital C. similar D. secure
9. A. preferred B. failed C. prepared D. attempted
10. A. employ B. find C. select D. build
11. A. practice B. expectation C. habit D. possibility
12. A. indicate B. prove C. guarantee D. promise
13. A. adjusted B. introduced C. donated D. committed14. A. comments B. tips C. users D. developers
15. A. conveniently B. automatically C. firmly D. obviously
2
(2023·陕西宝鸡·统考二模)In battling leukemia(白血病),9-year-old Harper Harrell has devoted her
days- -in the hospital-to raising money for the V Foundation for cancer research. “I know it’s 16 , but it
deserves my effort,” said Harrell.
After Harrell was diagnosed(诊断) with leukemia in October 2021, she started learning about the foundation
which 17 cancer research. The foundation has already 18 nearly $ 290 million for cancer research
nationwide. The foundation’s administrative costs are paid 19 by itself, which means 100% of donations
go to cancer research.
Believing one small thing could 20 a lot, Harrell started to 21 some drawings in her
notebook shortly after beginning 22 . One of them was a ribbon(丝带) with a “Peace out, cancer” message
written below it. Harrell thought the 23 would be a great T-shirt for children facing a(n) 24 battle.
While Harrell was 25 , her mother, Heather Hindin, found a way to bring her 26 to life.
She 27 a T-shirt campaign online. The 28 was to donate half of the income to the foundation
while using the rest for her daughter’s medical expenses. They have 29 over $ 24,000 this year, which
will 30 go to the foundation, after launching two T-shirt campaigns.
“There are all of these messages of 31 that people post when they 32 ,” Hindin said.
“They help so much with her 33 and keeping her positive.” Harrell, who says she has always had a
34 for helping others, offered a simple piece of advice: “Try to help and assist where you can, and you will
achieve something 35 .”
16. A. risky B. lucky C. new D. hard
17. A. avoids B. attracts C. supports D. restricts
18. A. awarded B. wasted C. demanded D. missed
19. A. partly B. completely C. accidentally D. suddenly
20. A. resist B. promise C. change D. thrill
21. A. make B. cover C. tear D. enjoy
22. A. study B. appointment C. discussion D. treatment
23. A. word B. title C. design D. wish
24. A. original B. similar C. exact D. famous25. A. under control B. at school C. in hospital D. on duty
26. A. dream B. body C. illness D. doctor
27. A. turned down B. put off C. handed over D. set up
28. A. course B. plan C. right D. fund
29. A. collected B. refused C. invested D. borrowed
30. A. temporarily B. cautiously C. specifically D. confidently
31. A. prediction B. encouragement C. hesitation D. embarrassment
32. A. order B. sell C. guess D. hurt
33. A. notes B. roles C. scores D. spirits
34. A. sign B. passion C. view. D. finish
35. A. harmless B. gentle C. familiar D. great
3
(2023·广东惠州·高三统考期末)At a family picnic for employees of the company where my father
worked, they held a contest for children. I was 13, full of enthusiasm, so I 36 myself into it.
The host gave each child a cloth handkerchief and told us the winner would be the one who cast it the 37
. The first throwers, took mighty wind-ups, but when the cloth left their hands, it 38 and landed on the
ground a few inches in front of them. The crowd roared with 39 . Not until then did I realize it was not
meant to 40 any real skill, but simply for laughs. However, it stimulated my 41 for thinking
outside the box.
It 42 me to see the kids throwing harder when the handkerchief always caught the air and died. It
was obvious that using the same 43 would not work. Suppose I tied a(an) 44 inside the
handkerchief? When they inspected it, I’d be 45 . So I began tying the handkerchief around itself to
make it small and 46 packed together to keep it from unfolding. When I approached the line, people
were already laughing, 47 a big strong-looking boy like me casting it just a few inches.
I took a long wind-up, and the balled handkerchief 48 off maybe 60 feet away. The laughing
49 in collective shock. I had not broken the rules. What I learned from this contest was that, in order to live
creatively, you have to 50 the less-used parts of your brain, and not accept stereotypes(刻板印象),
slogans and unquestioned ideas.
36. A. admitted B. threw C. trapped D. talked
37. A. farthest B. strongest C. highest D. biggest38. A. escaped B. wrinkled C. opened D. appeared
39. A. pain B. applause C. laughter D. anger
40. A. demonstrate B. apply C. improve D. learn
41. A. responsibility B. imagination C. demand D. passion
42. A. delighted B. frightened C. amused D. annoyed
43. A. cloth B. technique C. rule D. line
44. A. ant B. rock C. leaf D. shoe
45. A. fined B. disqualified C. dismissed D. banned
46. A. loosely B. randomly C. firmly D. delicately
47. A. anticipating B. enjoying C. stopping D. confirming
48. A. dashed B. jumped C. shot D. rocketed
49. A. died B. roared C. continued D. weakened
50. A. glance through B. tap into C. give up D. go over
4
(2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考三模)Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been
done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 51 of
Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 52 in certain ways, like gathering together to protect
their land. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to 53
one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 54 to share
food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?
In the laboratory, chimps don’t 55 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in
one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next
cage, he will pull 56 -he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, 57 , are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others,
to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has
studied this 58 in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18
months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 59
in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very 60 age before most parents have started
to train their children to behave 61 . Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if thechildren are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence 62 in children before their general
cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children
did no better than the chimps on the 63 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the
social world.
The core (核心) of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.
Part of this ability is that they can 64 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very
young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to
work toward a(n) 65 goal.
51. A. structures B. responsibilities C. policies D. behaviors
52. A. conflict B. offend C. cooperate D. discuss
53. A. help B. contact C. divide D. trust
54. A. manage B. decline C. attempt D. force
55. A. curiously B. unwillingly C. naturally D. carelessly
56. A. in turn B. with care C. at random D. in advance
57. A. all in all B. as a result
C. in no case D. on the other hand
58. A. cooperativeness B. availability C. attack D. attractiveness
59. A. educated B. possessed C. motivated D. stimulated
60. A. old B. young C. middle D. late
61. A. creatively B. formally C. competitively D. socially
62. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears
63. A. invisible B. abstract C. physical D. imaginary
64. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance
65. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitious
5
(2023·辽宁·东北育才学校校考三模)Young boys often dream of superpowers to solve their problems. It
was 1933, while the country was still 66 the Great Depression, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster put their
67 down on paper. In the process, they created the world’s most popular superhero, Superman.
Joe was the artist and sketched all the time, 68 out at newsstands absorbed in magazines, especially
“Amazing Stories,” and then 69 to recreate them at home. Jerry was the storyteller. The idea of
Superman 70 upon him in the middle of a sleepless summer night. When the Superman’s origin storystarted 71 , he dashed over to Joe’s place and showed it to him. Then they just sat down, and worked
straight out.
As is often the case, when we experience something 72 in life, we deal with the feeling through
73 expression. Jerry’s father had died during a robbery. A young child might 74 that experience by
wishing something could have 75 it. For Jerry, out came the Man of Steel, who was 76 to
bullets and protecting innocent people was his 77 .
The story of Superman has inspired kids for generations. It has 78 their fears and driven their
dreams. Most 79 , the Man of Steel has inspired us all to find our superpower and use them to help
others. Therefore, the next time you are inspired to 80 a friend from being bullied, or help the widow
next door with your superpower smile, thank Joe and Jerry, two awkward high school kids who dreamt up
Superman—making the world a little more safe and fair.
66. A. evaluating B. undergoing C. controlling D. overcoming
67. A. concepts B. principles C. ideas D. disputes
68. A. hanging B. working C. running D. figuring
69. A. get out B. stand out C. set out D. put out
70. A. struck B. dawned C. fell D. occurred
71. A. taking action B. taking effect C. taking shape D. taking aim
72. A. tiresome B. tragic C. memorable D. grateful
73. A. creative B. personal C. academic D. skillful
74. A. remember B. commend C. judge D. process
75. A. defeated B. predicted C. prevented D. supported
76. A. subject B. resistant C. sensitive D. accustomed
77. A. responsibility B. belief C. command D. contribution
78. A. shared B. confirmed C. boosted D. calmed
79. A. unexpectedly B. importantly C. fortunately D. obviously
80. A. ban B. help C. save D. facilitate
6
(2023·湖北武汉·湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测)More than anything, this is a book about
unconditional love—a bond between a caring woman and a loyal dog.
Harley’s Harlequin Heart written by Christy Jaeger and 81 through the narration (叙述) of Harley,
shows why the power of love can overcome the 82 that is part of every life journey.Harley takes us along on all his 83 with his owner Jaeger — from growing up, being trained, to going
to dog shows. Then one day, Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer. Fortunately, there’s enough time to explore 84
. “Jaeger told me everyone has a sixth sense, which 85 them when something’s not right. Looking back,
I’m glad she paid attention to her 86 warning.”
Through surgery, this smart dog 87 . It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and fears. But
chances of 88 look promising. After this experience, Harley 89 realizes that when someone has
cancer, the entire family will 90 . However, all the people playing a part in the process form an
unbreakable connection.
Harley’s 91 with cancer might concern adults considering reading this book with their children.
But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective that there is so much more reason to 92 this book.
Besides, it helps greatly that the book has a 93 ending.
As Jaeger notes, “The book spreads love to us. This small element can be 94 in the human and
animal worlds.” Love can defeat all. That 95 couldn’t be any clearer than in this wonderful book.
81. A. explained B. presented C. designed D. included
82. A. misfortune B. unease C. inconvenience D. discomfort
83. A. packages B. dreams C. burdens D. adventures
84. A. mysteries B. problems C. cures D. challenges
85. A. forbids B. hits C. informs D. warns
86. A. active B. inner C. useful D. sudden
87. A. pushes through B. bends down C. cheers up D. gets off
88. A. success B. recovery C. victory D. survival
89. A. innocently B. automatically C. gradually D. accidentally
90. A. suffer B. behave C. perform D. delay
91. A. competing B. battling C. continuing D. mixing
92. A. possess B. close C. share D. print
93. A. sad B. happy C. ridiculous D. unusual
94. A. decisive B. logical C. attractive D. influential
95. A. meaning B. principle C. message D. expression
7
(2023·上海·上海市民办文绮中学校考三模)The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating
one’s values, experiencing a shift in outlooks, and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someonebecomes extremely 96 to negative influences, and is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,
for parents, the period of their children’s adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as
a citizen. Thus, a method of 97 teenagers’ security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a
measure, since they have proved their 98 . At the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing
curfews for children.
The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather 99
, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used. The first and foremost reason for
establishing curfews is children’s security. 100 curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of
streets starting from 11 p. m. or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall, as
well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence 101 this belief. For example, when New
Orleans enabled a dusk-till-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20
percent. Even more impressive 102 were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent
juvenile crime, and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people(The New York
Times).
On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights, 103
their freedom. This opinion is particularly supported by the fact that curfew violations and the respective charges
are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. 104 , there were reports claiming
that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.
All this can cause a teenager to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as 105 ;
thus, such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can 106 committing more serious crimes
than a curfew offense.
What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager’s
misjudged view of certain 107 may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research
conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as 108
. Considering this, parents should 109 the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should
have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would
110 both sides.
96. A. opposed B. subjected C. related D. restricted
97. A. improving B. restoring C. ensuring D. expanding
98. A. principle B. reference C. approach D. efficiency99. A. popular B. absent C. practical D. accessible
100. A. Typical B. Evident C. Critical D. Specific
101. A. in place of B. in honor of C. in case of D. in favor of
102. A. results B. events C. patterns D. links
103. A. protecting B. acknowledging C. limiting D. liberating
104. A. By contrast B. In addition C. In conclusion D. In general
105. A. winners B. criminals C. victims D. protectors
106. A. take charge of B. contribute to C. result from D. deal with
107. A. rules B. charges C. crimes D. relations
108. A. impolite B. unrealistic C. inadequate D. unfair
109. A. adopt B. allow C. avoid D. address
110. A. satisfy B. spare C. surround D. settle
8
(2023·上海·高三校考阶段练习)Why some brilliant ideas get overlooked?
In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static
interference that might obscure voice transmissions. Five years later, after building a large rotating antenna (天线)
and investigating every possibility he could think of, he published his remarkable 111 : some of the static
was coming from the Milky Way.
Jansky’s theory was eye-catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were 112
. Radio signals from outer space? Surely they were too weak to detect. Jansky’s ideas were largely 113
for about a decade. He died at the age of 44. Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of
radio astronomy.
Jansky’s story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their 114
that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up. Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous
example — published in 1866, it was only verified and taken seriously in 1900.
The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite 115
their brilliance. There is even a name for such cases, coined by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University: “Sleeping
Beauties”, scientific papers that receive almost no citations for years, before finding wide 116 . (Some
scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)
So what is it about an idea that delays recognition? One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked whendelivered by obscure messengers. Jansky and Mendel were somewhat detached from (离开) the scientific 117
. In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Cole published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie in the 118
of the idea itself, rather than the prestige of the scientist behind it. Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they
were radical, or confusing, or both.
It is difficult to be sure. Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that
such 119 of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyse. Studying papers published in 1980
from the vantage (优势) point of 2004, they looked for articles that were barely cited for five years, then
subsequently 120 . They found just 60 examples in 450,000 cases. There are plenty of examples of
research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent popularity.
Why, then, is this myth such a compelling one? One explanation, of course, is that we all love a story of the
underdog (黑马) who triumphs against 121 . Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate
and sustained failure.
Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are 122 . In an essay on
delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own
papers was suffering delayed recognition. It is easy to chuckle, but it is also easy to empathise.
Delayed recognition is rare. Much more 123 is for people simply to reach their prime late in life.
David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others.
Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to 124 as a radical young conceptual artist, there are
many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.
We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come. But it is too tempting to hope that
what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance. Good things do not come to those
who wait, if 125 is all they do. It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.
111. A. conclusion B. device C. invention D. paper
112. A. unreliable B. uncomfortable C. unimpressed D. unsatisfactory
113. A. criticized B. kept C. ignored D. inspected
114. A. mission B. goal C. schedule D. time
115. A. caught up withB. had a good command of
C. made good use of D. taken advantage of
116. A. attention B. platform C. space D. vision
117. A. data B. kingdom C. mainstream D. proof118. A. content B. origin C. popularity D. presence
119. A. examples B. letters C. reports D. supporters
120. A. broke off B. paid off C. switched off D. took off
121. A. the authorities B. the odds C. the opposite D. the wrong
122. A. underappreciated B. underdeveloped
C. underequipped D. underperformed
123. A. challenging B. common C. complicated D. difficult
124. A. break through B. get through C. make ends meet D. make sense
125. A. complaining B. socializing C. thinking D. waiting
9
(2023·上海·卢湾高级中学校考三模)For a start, we’re not sure what artificial intelligence (AI) is, which
complicates our every conversation about what effect it will have on our lives. We can’t even really 126
what intelligence is in humans, where the conversation inevitably goes away from science and into philosophy.
As neither a scientist nor a philosopher, but with decades of personal experience on the front lines of both
human and machine cognition (认知), I prefer to focus on the 127 . AI will be the greatest technological
advance since the Internet turned the world into a living stream of data. It will eventually be more 128 than
the Internet, changing every part of our lives in seen and unseen ways. And it’s already 129 .
From medical diagnosis to investment banking, from hiring staff to educating our children, these increasingly
130 systems are changing the world. Whether you find this terrifying or wonderful is important, because public
131 drives education, investment, and regulation, making the outcome a type of self-fulfilling promise. 132
, if people find the rapid advance of intelligent machines terrifying instead of wonderful, it won’t stop it, but it
could make the outcome much worse. Powerful new technology nearly always causes distress before producing
broad benefits. By slowing down our progress out of unreasoning 133 , we lengthen the distress stage by
delaying the next waves of breakthroughs needed to produce the broader benefits.
There are real and immediate 134 about the increase in intelligent machines, especially autonomous
ones. Rising inequality if automation hits lower-income people harder, personal data being used improperly by
companies… None of these issues come anywhere close to an existential threat – the killer robots of Hollywood or
the super-intelligent AI that sees no reason to 135 . It’s as if everyone were curious about how we might all
one day be killed by robots.
As a member of the executive board of the Foundation for Responsible Robotics and as a security ambassadorfor Avast Software, I’ve become all too 136 the real threats we may be faced with due to these AI-enhanced
machines. And I’m glad that great minds like Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk are voicing their concerns, and that
top AI authorities like Nick Bostrom are mapping out the 137 possibilities. After all, we live with nuclear
power that could literally destroy the planet, and we certainly want it to be monitored and used 138 .
But like all our inventions, AI is capable of being used for good or evil. 139 matters, and so making
better humans will always be more important than making smarter machines. Above all, we must keep 140 ,
because the only solution for the problems caused by today’s technology is tomorrow’s.
126. A. tell apart B. disapprove of C. glance at D. agree on
127. A. theoretical B. practical C. physical D. mental
128. A. specialized B. transformative C. predictable D. irrelevant
129. A. happening B. misleading C. worsening D. changing
130. A. intense B. annoying C. capable D. simple
131. A. health B. image C. service D. opinion
132. A. In short B. What’s more C. That is D. As a result
133. A. fear B. deed C. manner D. passion
134. A. rumors B. remarks C. mysteries D. concerns
135. A. take humans inB. keep humans around
C. give humans up D. put humans away
136. A. familiar with B. ignorant of C. superior to D. unhappy about
137. A. newest B. best C. oldest D. worst
138. A. occasionally B. responsibly C. immediately D. genuinely
139. A. Technology B. Morality C. Intelligence D. Automation
140. A. moving forward B. looking upon C. calming down D. running away
10
(2023秋·重庆渝北·高三重庆市渝北中学校校考阶段练习)We love letters. Just as John Donne, a poet,
141 it, “Letters, to me and my friends mean 142 greetings; they get souls together. Thanks to
letters, friends who are 143 speak.” He wrote these words nearly 400 years ago. Today, in the age of
instant text message, social media, and email, they still ring truer than ever, because writing or receiving a letter has
become such a 144 event.
A UK-wide survey undertaken by Sunday Times suggests that one in four of us has not 145 a letter
for at least 10 years. That’s ten years without the sweet pleasure of pacing the floor waiting for the 146 ;ten years without recognizing the handwriting on the envelope and eagerly 147 the letter to read its
content.
We may not get them any more, but we still love handwritten letters. In the same survey, one third of 148
people interviewed say that they remember the content of sentimental (充满情感的) letters. Shouldn’t we make
149 to give our friends and families what they will treasure forever? Ann Bickley went online in 2017 and
offered to handwrite a letter to anyone who 150 her. Her website received 50,000 151 in
its first three months. Five years later, she is still the main force behind one-million-lovely-letter.com and has
personally written 4,000 letters offering hope and 152 to strangers.
The thought behind a letter 153 as much as its contents. “I never tell anyone that 154
is going to be OK,” Ann Bickley says, “I am letting someone know that there is someone in the world who 155
them.” Who wouldn’t love to receive a letter like that? Let’s get writing!
141. A. made B. put C. helped D. managed
142. A. rather than B. less than C. more than D. other than
143. A. absent B. active C. amused D. admirable
144. A. popular B. common C. rare D. simple
145. A. received B. sent C. written D. rejected
146. A. engineer B. doctor C. police D. postman
147. A. seizing B. tearing C. hiding D. carrying
148. A. American B. Chinese C. Australian D. British
149. A. money B. room C. history D. time
150. A. contacted B. interviewed C. consulted D. admired
151. A. guests B. visitors C. friends D. partners
152. A. effort B. comfort C. surprise D. experience
153. A. educates B. guides C. matters D. rewards
154. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
155. A. looks after B. cares about C. struggles for D. agrees with
11
An old farmer had lived on the same farm all his life. It was really a good farm with fertile soil, but with the
passing of the years, the farmer began to think that maybe there was something 156 for him. Every day
he found a new 157 for criticizing some feature of his old farm. Finally, he decided to 158 it.He listed the farm with a broker (经纪人) who quickly 159 an advertisement emphasizing all the 160
of the farm.
When the broker read the ad. to the farmer for his 161 to place it in the local paper, the farmer
listened 162 . When the broker had finished, the farmer cried out, “Hold everything. I’ve changed my
163 . I’ve been looking for such a place all my life!”
I think you’ll 164 that each of us, from time to time, 165 about things such as our
home, our car, or our job. As human beings, it is 166 to want the best things in life.
The next time you find yourself 167 the relationship you have with your family, a neighbor or a
friend, don’t worry. Human relationships have their ups and downs, so it is natural to 168 at times if
you might get on well with someone else. If you ever find yourself in this mood, sit down in a 169
place and write an “obituary (讣告)” for that 170 . Experience the powerful emotions that will surely
overcome you when you 171 having to sum up a loved one’s life in a few paragraphs that could
172 a newspaper obituary. Notice how easy it is to come up with nice things to say about the person. Notice
how much 173 there “was” in this person. Some day you may actually have to 174 this
exercise “for real”, wipe the tears and then go and spend quality time with that person. 175 the
moment and realize how lucky you are to have such a person.
156. A. cheaper B. better C. briefer D. easier
157. A. example B. method C. reason D. place
158. A. move B. give C. sell D. keep
159. A. found B. placed C. answered D. prepared
160. A. information B. advantages C. sides D. history
161. A. interest B. decision C. attempt D. approval
162. A. happily B. carefully C. proudly D. consciously
163. A. suggestion B. style C. question D. mind
164. A. agree B. state C. prove D. predict
165. A. worries B. thinks C. talks D. complains
166. A. popular B. suitable C. vital D. natural
167. A. analyzing B. questioning C. exploiting D. developing
168. A. forgive B. apologize C. wonder D. learn
169. A. safe B. quiet C. familiar D. convenient170. A. friend B. broker C. farmer D. person
171. A. avoid B. adopt C. imagine D. oppose
172. A. add up B. hand in C. put up with D. fit in with
173. A. goodness B. power C. energy D. effect
174. A. go through B. subscribe to C. set down D. decide on
175. A. Grasp B. Save C. Enjoy D. Expect
12
I looked at the result of the pregnancy test and found I was pregnant. My heart almost stopped. I was married,
but my 176 had just lost his job. I was working in a 177 position, struggling to find
permanent, full-time employment. Having a 178 was a “future plan”—and it was supposed to be carried
out many years later.
Weeks later, I had a 179 day at work. My bus ran late, my report didn’t save, and I 180
my lunch at home. I started to cry at my desk and 181 into the women’s restroom. I hid in the stall (小隔
间), but it was 182 to cover the sound.
Several people entered the room, heard me crying, and left without 183 anything. Then, one older
woman to whom I’d 184 spoken several times knocked on the door of the stall and handed me a 185
. I told her everything that had 186 to me. I expected her to imply that I was careless and irresponsible
for getting myself into such a dilemma. 187 she gave me a hug and told me everything would 188
. She told me I’d be a wonderful mother, and that my baby would be the 189 of my life.
Later that day, I saw a(n) 190 on my desk. She’d written a note wishing me well and enclosed(随
涵附上) what I 191 was all the cash from her purse. I cried again when I 192 it. This
time it was because I was in relief that someone 193 that I’d find a way to make things okay. One of
the things I bought with that money was a small Teddy Bear. My son’s a teenager now, but that Teddy Bear is one
of my most prized 194 . Whenever I look at it, I’m 195 that hope is the most precious gift
of all.
176. A. son B. brother C. father D. husband
177. A. rare B. temporary C. necessary D. typical
178. A. test B. family C. child D. promotion
179. A. terrible B. dangerous C. boring D. busy
180. A. prepared B. finished C. ordered D. left181. A. wandered B. looked C. dashed D. jumped
182. A. unusual B. impossible C. unimportant D. improper
183. A. doubting B. noticing C. repeating D. saying
184. A. merely B. frequently C. specially D. curiously
185. A. card B. certificate C. tissue D. scarf
186. A. appealed B. happened C. applied D. belonged
187. A. As B. And C. So D. But
188. A. work out B. turn up C. carry on D. calm down
189. A. duty B. trial C. light D. dream
190. A. brochure B. envelope C. container D. invitation
191. A. admitted B. declared C. predicted D. supposed
192. A. found B. refused C. remembered D. chose
193. A. explained B. discovered C. believed D. promised
194. A. possessions B. inventions C. awards D. achievements
195. A. taught B. reminded C. guaranteed D. warned
参考答案
1
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. A 12.
C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一对患有脊柱侧凸的双胞胎姐妹开发了一款应用程序,可以更方便
地记录佩戴时长。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:德莱尼的脊柱侧弯不需要治疗,但哈德利的脊柱弯曲很严重。A. test测试;
B. surgery外科手术;C. examination检查;D. treatment治疗。根据下文“but Hadley’s spine curve(脊柱弯
曲)was serious. ”可知,此处指德莱尼的脊柱侧弯不需要治疗,故选D。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了减缓病情的迅速恶化,医生要求她每天18个小时都要戴背托。A. keep
保持;B. assess评价;C. slow减速;D. predict预测。根据后文“the rapid progression”可知,佩戴背托是为
了减缓病情的迅速恶化。故选C。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:为了减缓病情的迅速恶化,医生要求她每天18个小时都要戴背托。A. terms
学期;B. orders命令,要求;C. eye眼睛;D. control控制。根据上文“under the doctor’s”指在医生的要求
下佩戴矫正设备。故选B。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:如果哈德利需要暂时取下护具,她应该每天多戴几个小时,以弥补失去的时间。A. quickly快速地;B. frequently频繁地;C. accidentally意外地;D. temporarily暂时地。后文“she
should wear it for extra hours”提到多佩戴几个小时,由此推知是因为暂时取下了护具。故选D。
5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:如果哈德利需要暂时取下护具,她应该每天多戴几个小时,以弥补失去的时
间。A. make up for弥补;B. give way to让路;C. take advantage of利用;D. look back on回顾。上文提到医
生要求她每天18个小时都要戴背托,所以如果暂时取下来,由此可知,需要多戴几个小时,以弥补失去的
时间。故选A。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:哈德利说:“我发现真正困难的一件事是如何追踪我戴着的时间长
度。”A. original最初的;B. meaningful有意义的;C. difficult困难的;D. urgent紧急的。后文提到了她尝
试了各种各样的东西来追踪穿着的时长,说明这是真正困难的事情。故选C。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:哈德利说:“我发现真正困难的一件事是如何追踪我戴着的时间长度。”A.
progress进步;B. length长度;C. condition条件;D. expense花费。根据后文“People said they’re glad that
they can record how long they wear the brace”可知,此处指追踪她穿护具的时间长度,应用length。故选B。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我尝试了各种各样的东西。A. various多样的;B. vital重要的;C. similar
相似的;D. secure安全的。根据后文“A notepad, a whiteboard and some other tools.(一个记事本,一块白板
和其他一些工具)”可知,她尝试了各种东西。故选A。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我甚至试图寻找一个具有这种功能的应用程序,但确实没有任何东西,所以
我们决定自己开发一个应用程序。A. preferred偏爱;B. failed失败;C. prepared准备;D. attempted尝试。
呼应上文“I tried”指她试图寻找一个具有这种功能的应用程序,故选D。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我甚至试图寻找一个具有这种功能的应用程序,但确实没有任何东西,所
以我们决定自己开发一个应用程序。A. employ雇用;B. find找到;C. select选择;D. build建造,开发。
根据后文“developing an app”可知,她们决定自己开发一个应用程序来记录,故选D。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管这对双胞胎对计算机科学充满热情,但她们从未开发过应用程序。A.
practice练习,实践;B. expectation期待;C. habit习惯;D. possibility可能性。根据后文“They then
worked with an app developer”可知,她们没有开发应用程序的实践经验。故选A。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后他们与应用开发者合作,确保他们拥有将应用投放到应用商店所需的
一切,并于5月正式向公众推出。A. indicate表明;B. prove证明;C. guarantee保证;D. promise承诺。根
据后文“they had everything they needed to place the app into app stores”指确保应用有她们所需的一切东西,
故选C。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后他们与应用开发者合作,确保他们拥有将应用投放到应用商店所需的
一切,并于5月正式向公众推出。A. adjusted调整;B. introduced介绍;C. donated捐赠;D. committed承诺,犯。根据后文“to the public in May”指把应用向公众推出应用动词introduce。故选B。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:这款应用在一周内就拥有了大约500名活跃用户。A. comments评论;B.
tips建议;C. users使用者;D. developers开发者。根据上文“The app had around 500 active”指应用的活跃
用户,应用user。故选C。
15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:人们说他们很高兴他们可以更方便地记录他们佩戴支架的时间。A.
conveniently方便地;B. automatically自动地;C. firmly坚固地;D. obviously显然。根据上文“they’re glad
that they can record how long they wear the brace”以及此前没有此类的应用程序可以记录时长,所以如今是更
方便了。故选A。
2
16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C 26.
A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了九岁的小女孩 Harper Harrell身患白血病,却和妈妈一起为那些有类
似境遇的孩子们筹措善款,支持癌症研究工作的故事。
16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Harrell说:“我知道这很难,但这值得我努力。”。A. risky有风险的;
B. lucky幸运的;C. new新的;D. hard困难的。根据上文“In battling leukemia (白血病),9-year-old Harper
Harrell has devoted her days—in the hospital—to raising money for the V Foundation for cancer research. (在与白
血病的斗争中,9岁的Harper Harrell在医院里花了一天时间为V基金会癌症研究筹集资金。)”可知,自身
患病,还想要为V基金会癌症研究筹集资金,这是一件很艰难的事情。故选D项。
17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:2021年10月,Harrell被诊断为白血病后,她开始了解支持癌症研究的基金
会。A. avoids避免;B. attracts吸引;C. supports支持;D. restricts限制。根据上文“to raising money for the
V Foundation for cancer research (为V基金会癌症研究筹集资金)”可知,这个基金会筹集资金是为了癌症研
究,因此可知这个基金会支持癌症研究工作。故选C项。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:该基金会已经为全国癌症研究拨款近2.9亿美元。A. awarded奖励,给予;
B. wasted浪费;C. demanded要求;D. missed思念。根据下文“The foundation’s administrative costs are paid
___4___by itself, which means 100% of donations go to cancer research. (该基金会的管理费用完全由其自身支
付,这意味着100%的捐款将用于癌症研究。)”可知,这个基金会把筹集到的钱,给予全国各地的癌症研究
机构,全部用于癌症研究。故选A项。
19. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:该基金会的管理费用完全由其自身支付,这意味着100%的捐款将用于癌症
研究。A. partly部分地;B. completely完全地;C. accidentally偶然地;D. suddenly突然。根据下文“which
means 100% of donations go to cancer research (这意味着100%的捐款将用于癌症研究)”可知,该基金会全额用于癌症研究,故基金会本身的管理费完全由其自己承担,而非由捐款支付。故选B项。
20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:Harrell相信一件小事会有很大的改变,在开始治疗后不久,她就开始在笔
记本上画画。A. resist抵制;B. promise承诺;C. change改变;D. thrill非常激动。根据上文“but it
deserves my effort”可知,Harrell相信小事会有很大改变,因此开始从小事做起,在笔记本上画画。故选C
项。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:Harrell相信一件小事会有很大的改变,在开始治疗后不久,她就开始在笔
记本上画画。A. make制作,绘制;B. cover覆盖;C. tear撕;D. enjoy享受。根据下文“One of them was a
ribbon (丝带) with a “Peace out, cancer” message written below it. (其中之一是一条丝带,下面写着“和平,癌
症”的字样。)”可知,Harrell画了一些画。故选A项。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:Harrell相信一件小事会有很大的改变,在开始治疗后不久,她就开始在笔
记本上画画。A. study研究;学习;B. appointment约会;C. discussion讨论;D. treatment治疗。根据上文
“In battling leukemia(白血病),9-year-old Harper Harrell has devoted her days”可知,Harrell得了白血病,应
是住院治疗。故选D项。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:Harrell认为,对于面临类似战争的孩子来说,这种设计将是一件很棒的T
恤。A. word单词;B. title标题;C. design设计;D. wish希望。根据上文“One of them was a ribbon (丝带)
with a “Peace out, cancer” message written below it. (其中之一是一条丝带,下面写着“和平,癌症”的字
样。)”可知,她自己画的画将用于T恤,因此图案和文字可以称之为她的设计。故选C项。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Harrell认为,对于面临类似战争的孩子来说,这种设计将是一件很棒的
T恤。A. original最初的;B. similar相似的;C. exact精确的;D. famous著名的。根据上文“a great T-shirt
for children (给孩子的很棒的T恤)”可知,这件T恤,包含抗癌内容,因此应该是给那些和Harrell一样需要
和癌症作斗争的孩子,即和她面临一样的战争的孩子。故选B项。
25. 考查介词短语辨析。句意:Harrell住院期间,她的母亲Heather Hindin找到了实现梦想的方法。A.
under control处于控制之下;B. at school在上学;C. in hospital住院;D. on duty值班。根据上文“In
battling leukemia (白血病),9-year-old Harper Harrell has devoted her days—in the hospital—to raising money
for the V Foundation for cancer research. (在与白血病的斗争中,9岁的Harper Harrell在医院里花了一天时间
为V基金会癌症研究筹集资金。)”可知,Harrell在住院治病。故选C项。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:Harrell住院期间,她的母亲Heather Hindin找到了实现梦想的方法。A.
dream梦想;B. body身体;C. illness疾病;D. doctor医生。根据上文“Harrell thought the____8____would
be a great T-shirt for children facing a(n)____9____battle. (Harrell认为,对于面临类似战争的孩子来说,这种
设计将是一件很棒的T恤。)”可知,Harrell有一个梦想,即把自己的画变成一件能帮助抗癌孩子的T恤,她的妈妈想要帮她实现梦想。故选A项。
27. 考查动词词组辨析。句意:她在网上发起了一场T恤运动。A. turned down关小;B. put off推迟;C.
handed over交付;D. set up建立,安排。根据下文“after launching two T-shirt campaigns (发起两场T恤运
动之后)”可知,Hindin在网上发起两次T恤运动,换言之,她安排筹划了这件事情。故选D项。
28. 考场名词词义辨析。句意:她的计划是把收入的一半捐给基金会,剩下的一半用来支付女儿的医疗费
用。A. course课程;B. plan计划;C. right权利;D. fund资金。根据下文“to donate half of the income to the
foundation while using the rest for her daughter’s medical expenses”可知,这是她的计划安排。故选B项。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:发起了两次T恤运动后,他们今年已经筹集了超过24000美元,这笔钱将
专门捐给基金会。A. collected收集;B. refused拒绝;C. invested投资;D. borrowed借。根据下文“over
$24,000 (超过24000美元)”可知,这些钱是Hindin在网上发起两次T恤运动筹到的,即从捐款者那里收集
到的。故选A项。
30. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:发起了两次T恤运动后,他们今年已经筹集了超过24000美元,这笔钱将
专门捐给基金会。A. temporarily暂时地;B. cautiously慎重地;C. specifically特意;专门地;D. confidently
自信地。根据上文“to donate half of the income to the foundation”可知,这笔钱是专门捐给基金会的。故选
C项。
31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:“有一些人们在下订单时发布的鼓励信息,”Hindin说:“情绪方面,他
们帮了她很多,让她保持积极。”A. prediction预测;B. encouragement鼓励;C. hesitation犹豫;D.
embarrassment尴尬。根据下文“keeping her positive (让她保持积极)”可知,人们之所以能帮助Harrell保持
积极,可能是因为他们在下单购买T恤时,也留下了许多鼓励的信息和话语。故选B项。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:“人们在下订单时会发布所有这些鼓励信息,”Hindin说:“情绪方面,
他们帮了她很多,让她保持积极。”A. order订单;B. sell出售;C. guess猜测;D. hurt伤害。根据上文
“She____12____a T-shirt campaign online.”可知,她在网上发起T恤运动筹集资金,人们应是在网上下订单。
故选A项。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:“人们在下订单时会发布所有这些鼓励信息,”Hindin说:“情绪方面,
他们帮了她很多,让她保持积极。”A. notes笔记;B. roles角色;C. scores分数;D. spirits情绪。根据下
文“keeping her positive (让她保持积极)”可知,人们让Harrell保持积极,这是对她心情,情绪上的帮助。
故选D项。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:Harrell说,她一直热衷于帮助他人,她提出了一个简单的建议:“在你力
所能及的地方,尽可能地帮助他人,你也会获得极好的东西。”A. sign符号;B. passion激情;C. view观
点;D. finish最后阶段。根据下文“Try to help and assist where you can, and you will achievesomething____20____”和词语搭配“have a passion for (对……充满激情)”可知,使用passion修饰Harrell,
表示她很乐于助人,符合语境。故选B项。
35. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Harrell说,她一直热衷于帮助他人,她提出了一个简单的建议:“在你
力所能及的地方,尽可能地帮助他人,你也会获得极好的东西。”A. harmless无害的;B. gentle温柔的;
C. familiar相似的;D. great极好的。根据上文““There are all of these messages of____16____that people
post when they____17____,” Hindin said. “They help so much with her____18____ and keeping her positive.”
(“人们在下订时会发布所有这些鼓励信息,”Hindin说:“情绪方面,他们帮了她很多,让她保持积
极。”)”可知,帮助了别人的同时,Harrell也收获了很多鼓励,使她能保持积极,这是极好的。故选D项。
3
36. B 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. A 41. D 42. D 43. B 44. B 45. B 46.
C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者通过小时候的投手帕游戏,感悟到如何进行创造性思维。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:那时我13岁,充满热情,所以我全身心地投入其中。A. admitted承认;B.
threw使处于,使陷入(某种状态);C. trapped困住;D. talked 谈论。 根据上文“I was 13, full of
enthusiasm”可推知,此处为那时我13岁,充满热情,所以我全身心地投入其中。故选B项。
37. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:主持人给了每个孩子一块布手帕,并告诉我们谁投得最远,谁就是赢家。
A. farthest最远的;B. strongest最强壮的;C. highest最高的;D. biggest最大的。 根据句意以及该句中的
“the winner would be the one who cast”可推知,此处为告诉我们谁投得最远,谁就是赢家。故选A项。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:第一批投掷者,用了很大的力气,但当布离开他们的手时,它打开了,落
在离他们几英寸的地上。A. escaped逃脱;B. wrinkled起皱纹,皱起;C. opened打开;D. appeared出现。
根据该句中的“when the cloth left their hands”以及“and landed on the ground”可推知,此处为当布离开他们
的手时,它打开了,落在离他们几英寸的地上。故选C项。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:人群哄堂大笑。A. pain痛苦;B. applause掌声;C. laughter大笑;D. anger
生气。根据下文“but simply for laughs.”可知,此处为人群哄堂大笑。故选C项。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:直到那时,我才意识到这并不是为了展示任何真正的技能,而只是为了搞
笑。A. demonstrate展示;B. apply申请;C. improve提高,改善;D. learn学习。根据该句中的“any real
skill”以及“but simply for laughs.”可推知,此处为我才意识到这并不是为了展示任何真正的技能,而只是为
了搞笑。故选A项。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,它激发了我跳出思维定势的热情。A. responsibility责任;B.
imagination想象力;C. demand要求;D. passion热情,激情。根据该句中的“for thinking outside the box.”以及stimulated可知,此处为它激发了我跳出思维定势的热情。故选D项。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:看到孩子们扔得更用力,而手帕却总是在空中掉下来,这让我很恼火。A.
delighted高兴的;B. frightened害怕的;C. amused被逗乐的;D. annoyed生气的。根据下文“It was
obvious that using the same ____8____ would not work.”可推知,此处为看到孩子们扔得更用力,而手帕却总
是在空中掉下来,这让我很恼火。故选D项。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:很明显,用同样的方法是行不通的。A. cloth布料;B. technique技巧;C.
rule规则;D. line线,线条。根据句意以及上文“to demonstrate any real skill”可推知,此处为很明显,用
同样的方法是行不通的。故选B项。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:假如我在手帕里绑一块石头呢?A. ant蚂蚁;B. rock石头;C. leaf叶子;D.
shoe鞋子。根据句意以及下文“packed together to keep it from unfolding.”结合各个选项意思可知,此处为在
手帕里绑一块石头,这样有助于扔得更远。故选B项。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:当他们检查的时候,我会被取消资格。A. fined罚款;B. disqualified取消比
赛资格;C. dismissed解雇;D. banned禁止。根据上文“When they inspected it”可推知,此处为当他们检查
的时候,我会被取消资格。故选B项。
46. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:于是我开始把手帕自己绑起来,使它小而牢固地包在一起,防止它展开。
A. loosely松动地;B. randomly随意地;C. firmly牢固地;D. delicately精致地。根据句意以及该句中的
“to keep it from unfolding.”可知,此处为我开始把手帕自己绑起来,使它小而牢固地包在一起,防止它展
开。故选C项。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我走近线的时候,人们已经在笑了,期待着一个像我这样高大强壮的男
孩把它扔出几英寸。A. anticipating预料到;B. enjoying享受;C. stopping停止;D. confirming证实。根据
上文“people were already laughing”以及下文“a big strong-looking boy like me casting it just a few inches.”可
推知,此处为当我走近线的时候,人们已经在笑了,期待着一个像我这样高大强壮的男孩把它扔出几英寸。
故选A项。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我用力摆动手臂,那块手帕像火箭一样飞了大约60英尺远。A. dashed冲;
B. jumped跳;C. shot射击;D. rocketed飞速行进。根据句意以及该句中的“maybe 60 feet away.”可推知,
此处为那块手帕像火箭一样飞了大约60英尺远。故选D项。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:笑声在集体的震惊中消失了。A. died消失;B. roared咆哮;C. continued继
续;D. weakened削弱。根据句意以及该句中的“in collective shock”可推知,此处为笑声在集体的震惊中消
失了。故选A项。
50. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我从这次比赛中学到的是,为了创造性地生活,你必须挖掘你大脑中较少使用的部分,不要接受刻板印象,口号和毫无疑问的想法。A. glance through浏览;B. tap into挖掘;C.
give up放弃;D. go over复习。根据该句中的“in order to live creatively”以及“the less-used parts of your
brain”可知,此处为为了创造性地生活,你必须挖掘你大脑中较少使用的部分,不要接受刻板印象,口号
和毫无疑问的想法。故选B项。
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51. D 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. B 61.
D 62. A 63. C 64. A 65. B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛通过测试发现人类在社交方面比黑猩猩
出色得多是因为人类的思维中有“共同意向性”,而黑猩猩的思维中却没有。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:令人惊讶的是,科学家发现黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似。A.
structures结构;B. responsibilities责任;C. policies政策;D. behaviors行为、举止。根据下文“Chimps will
2 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.”可知,黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相
似,故选D。
52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:黑猩猩会以某种方式合作,比如聚在一起在战争中保护自己的领地。A.
conflict冲突;B. offend冒犯;C. cooperate合作;D. discuss讨论。根据下文“like gathering in war parties to
protect their territory.”可知,黑猩猩会聚在一起在战争中保护自己的领地,这说明它们会互相合作,故选
C。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:但除了作为社会人的最低要求之外,它们几乎没有互相帮助的本能。A.
help帮助;B. contact联系;C. divide分开;D. trust信任。攻击上文“But”可知,这里的转折连词表明此处
与前面说的互相合作相反,除了作为社会人的最低要求之外,它们几乎不会互相帮助。故选A。
54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:甚至黑猩猩妈妈也经常拒绝与孩子分享食物。A. manage设法做成;B.
decline拒绝;C. attempt尝试;D. force迫使。攻击上文“But beyond the minimum requirements as social
beings, they have little instinct to 3 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.”可知,野生黑猩
猩自己寻找食物,它们几乎不会互相帮助,所以黑猩猩妈妈也会拒绝与孩子分享食物,把食物只留给自己。
故选B。
55. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:在实验室里,黑猩猩也不会自然地分享食物。A. curiously好奇地;B.
unwillingly不情愿地;C. naturally自然地;D. carelessly粗心地。上文“But beyond the minimum
requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 3 one another.”可知,说除了作为社会人的最低要求之
外,黑猩猩几乎没有互相帮助的本能,在实验室里,它们也不会自然而然地分享食物。故选C。
56. 考查介词短语辨析。句意:如果一只黑猩猩被关在笼子里,在那里它可以为自己拉进一盘食物,或者不费多大的力气就可以拉一盘食物给隔壁笼子的邻居,它只会随意拉——只是不在乎邻居是否被喂饱。A.
in turn轮流;B. with care小心地;C. at random随意地、胡乱;D. in advance事先。根据下文“he just
doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.”可知,即使是毫不费力地拉一盘食物给隔壁的邻居,它也不
会在乎邻居是否被喂饱,这说明它只是随意地拉。故选C。
57. 考查介词短语辨析。另一方面,人类儿童从很小的时候就非常合作,他们决定帮助他人,分享信息,
参与实现共同目标。A. all in all总而言之;B. as a result结果;C. in no case决不;D. on the other hand另一
方面。根据上文“In the laboratory, chimps don’t 5 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can
pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the
next cage, he will pull 6 —he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.”和
下文“are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to
participate in achieving common goals.”可知,上文介绍的是黑猩猩的行为,下文介绍的是人类的行为,与黑
猩猩的行为形成对比,用on the other hand构成对比。故选D。
58. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛在一系列针对幼儿的实验中研究了这种合作性。
A. cooperativeness合作(性);B. availability可用性;C. attack攻击;D. attractiveness吸引力。根据上文
“From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common
goals.”可知,说人类儿童在很小的时候就知道合作,所以心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛在实验中研究了这种合
作性。故选A。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:有几个理由让我们相信,帮助、告知和分享的冲动不是教出来的,而是小
孩子天生就有的。A. educated教育;B. possessed拥有;C. motivated激发;D. stimulated促进。根据上文
“the urges to help, inform and share are not taught”可知,人类儿童很小的时候就知道合作的这些行为不是教
出来的,而是生来就有的本能。故选B。
60. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一个理由是这些本能在很小的时候就出现了,在大多数父母开始训练他
们的孩子学会社交之前。A. old旧的;B. young年轻的;C. middle中间的;D. late迟的。根据上文“the
urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知,这些本能行为不是教出
来的,而是生来就有的,所以是在人类很小的时候就出现了。故选B。
61. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:见第10题详解。A. creatively创造性地;B. formally正式地;C.
competitively竞争地;D. socially社交方面。根据上文“There are several reasons to believe that the urges to
help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知,帮助、告知和分享都属于社交
行为,此处指父母教他们的孩子学习社交之前,他们已经知道怎么做了。故选D。
62. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:第三个原因是,社会智力的发展早于一般认知能力的发展,至少与黑猩猩相比是这样。A. develops发展、养成;B. decreases减少;C. changes改变;D. disappears消失。根据上文
“There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in
young children.”可知,人类儿童从很小的时候就知道合作和帮助,人们认为这是因为社会智力的发展早于
一般认知能力的发展。故选A。
63. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在托马塞洛进行的测试中,人类儿童在物理世界测试中并不比黑猩猩表
现得更好,但在理解社交世界方面表现得要好得多。A. invisible看不见的;B. abstract抽象的;C. physical
物质的、物理的;D. imaginary虚构的。根据下文“the social world”可知,与社会世界相对的应该是物理世
界。故选C。
64. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:这种能力的一部分是他们可以推断别人知道什么或正在想什么。A. infer推
断;B. adapt适应;C. absorb吸收;D. balance平衡。根据上文“The core of what children’s minds have and
chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.”可知,儿童思维中有托马塞洛所说的共同意向性,
而黑猩猩的思维中却没有,这种能力会让人类儿童可以推断别人知道什么或正在想什么,所以他们从小就
知道合作和分享。故选A。
65. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们积极寻求成为“我们”的一部分,一个致力于实现共同目标的团体。
A. realistic实际的;B. shared共享的;C. specific特定的;D. ambitious野心勃勃的。根据上文“But beyond
that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.”可知,即使是很小的孩子也希望成为共同目
标的一部分,所以他们会为实现加入有共同目标的团体而努力。故选B。
5
66. B 67. C 68. A 69. C 70. B 71. C 72. B 73. A 74. D 75. C 76.
B 77. A 78. D 79. B 80. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Jerry Siegel和Joe Shuster创造出了超人的原因以及意义。
66. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:那是1933年,当时国家还在经历大萧条,杰里·西格尔和乔·舒斯特把他们
的想法写在了纸上。A. evaluating评估;B. undergoing经历;C. controlling控制;D. overcoming克服。由下
文“the Great Depression,”可知,1933年,当时国家还在经历大萧条,故选B。
67. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:那是1933年,当时国家还在经历大萧条,杰里·西格尔和乔·舒斯特把他们
的想法写在了纸上。A. concepts概念;B. principles原则;C. ideas主意;D. disputes争论。由下文“In the
process, they created the world’s most popular superhero, Superman.(在这个过程中,他们创造了世界上最受欢
迎的超级英雄——超人。)”可知,杰里·西格尔和乔·舒斯特创造了超人,所以说他们很有想法,由此可知,
此处指将想法写在纸上,故选C。
68. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:乔是个艺术家,他总是在画素描,经常在报摊上看杂志,尤其是《神奇的故事》 ,然后开始在家里重新创作。A. hanging悬挂;B. working工作;C. running经营;D. figuring认为。
由下文“out at newsstands absorbed in magazines, especially “Amazing Stories,”可知,hang out固定搭配,意
为“消磨时光;闲逛”,此处指乔在报摊上看杂志来消磨时光,故选A。
69. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:乔是个艺术家,他总是在画素描,经常在报摊上看杂志,尤其是《神
奇的故事》 ,然后开始在家里重新创作。A. get out出去;B. stand out突出;C. set out出发;D. put out熄
灭。由下文“to recreate them at home.”可知,乔在报摊上看完杂志后,开始重新在家里创作,故选C。
70. 考查动词词义辨析。句意: 在一个无眠的夏夜,他突然想到了超人。A. struck击打;B. dawned变得
明朗;开始清楚;C. fell落下;D. occurred发生。由下文“upon him in the middle of a sleepless summer
night.”可知,他突然想到了超人,dawn upon sb.固定搭配,意为“突然想到了”故选B。
71. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:当超人的起源故事开始形成,他冲到乔的地方,并显示给他。A.
taking action采取行动;B. taking effect生效;C. taking shape形成;D. taking aim瞄准。由下文“he dashed
over to Joe’s place and showed it to him.”可知,在超人的起源故事开始形成后,他展示给乔,故选C。
72. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:通常情况下,当我们经历生活中的悲剧时,我们通过创造性的表达来处
理这种感觉。A. tiresome令人厌烦的;B. tragic悲惨的;C. memorable难忘的;D. grateful感恩的。由第一
段提到的当时国家经历大萧条可知,此处指生活是悲惨的,故选B。
73. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:通常情况下,当我们经历生活中的悲剧时,我们通过创造性的表达来处
理这种感情。A. creative有创造力的;B. personal个人的;C. academic学术的;D. skillful熟练的。根据第
一段中“In the process, they created the world’s most popular superhero, Superman.”可知,Jerry Siegel and Joe
Shuster 创造了超人,由此可知,此处指通过创造性的表达来处理悲痛的感情,故选A。
74. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:一个年幼的孩子可能希望某些事情可以阻止这种经历,以此来消化自己这
种(悲痛)经历。A. remember记住;B. commend赞扬;C. judge评判;D. process加工;处理。由上文
“Jerry’s father had died during a robbery.”和“we deal with the feeling”指出Jerry的父亲在一次抢劫中丧生,
所以作为孩子,Jerry通过设计超级英雄的人物来阻止这类事情发生,这是他处理自己这种悲痛经历的方法,
此处process和deal with同义,故选D。
75. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:一个年幼的孩子可能希望某些事情可以阻止这种经历,以此来消化自己这
种(悲痛)经历。A. defeated打败;B. predicted预测;C. prevented预防;D supported支持。由上文“by
wishing something could have”可知,Jerry设计超级英雄是希望可以阻止一些悲惨事情的发生,故选C。
76. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对于杰瑞来说,钢铁侠出现了,他能抵御子弹,保护无辜的人是他的责
任。A. subject隶属的;B. resistant抵制的;C. sensitive敏感的;D. accustomed习惯的。由下文“bullets and
protecting innocent people”和常识可知,钢铁侠能抵御子弹,故选B。77. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:对于杰瑞来说,钢铁侠出现了,他能抵御子弹,保护无辜的人是他的责任。
A. responsibility责任;B. belief不信任;C. command命令;D. contribution贡献。由上文“protecting
innocent people was his”可知,保护无辜的人是钢铁侠的责任。故选A。
78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:它平息了他们的恐惧,激励了他们的梦想。A. shared分享;B. confirmed确
认;C. boosted增加;D. calmed使平静下来;平息。由上文“The story of Superman has inspired kids for
generations.”和下文“their fears”可知,超人能平息孩子的恐惧,故选D。
79. 考查副词词义辨析。句意: 最重要的是,钢铁侠激励了我们所有人去发现我们的超能力并用它们来帮
助他人。A. unexpectedly无法预料地;B. importantly重要地;C. fortunately幸运的是;D. obviously显然地。
由下文“the Man of Steel has inspired us all to find our superpower and use them to help others.”可知,上文提到
了超人能平息孩子的恐惧,此处是更进一步说钢铁侠的作用,所以应用更重要的是,为more importantly,
故选B。
80. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:因此,下一次当你受到鼓舞,想要拯救朋友免受欺凌,或者想要用你超能
力的微笑帮助隔壁的寡妇时,要感谢乔和杰瑞,他们是两个笨拙的高中生,他们想出了超人——让世界变
得更安全和公平一点。A. ban禁止;B. help帮助;C. save节省;D. facilitate促进。由下文“a friend from
being bullied”可知,此处指拯救朋友免受欺凌,故选C。
6
81. B 82. A 83. D 84. C 85. D 86. B 87. A 88. B 89. C 90. A 91.
B 92. C 93. B 94. D 95. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写的《哈利的丑角之心》这本书
的书评。
81. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:《哈利的丑角之心》由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写,通过哈利的叙
述呈现,展示了为什么爱的力量可以克服每一次生命旅程中的不幸。A. explained解释;B. presented呈现;
C. designed设计;D. included包括。根据“shows why the power of love can overcome the 2 that is
part of every life journey.”可知,空处表示通过哈利的叙述呈现出一个道理。故选B。
82. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. misfortune不幸;B. unease不安;C. inconvenience不便;D.
discomfort不适。根据“Then one day, Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer.”可知,Harley的生命旅程中遭遇
了不幸。故选A。
83. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险——从成长,接受训
练,到参加狗展。A. packages包裹;B. dreams梦想;C. burdens负担;D. adventures冒险。根据“from
growing up, being trained, to going to dog shows.”可知,此处表示哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险。故选D。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:幸运的是,我们有足够的时间来探索治疗方法。A. mysteries神秘的事物;
B. problems问题;C. cures治疗;D. challenges挑战。根据“Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer.”和
“Fortunately”可知,有足够的时间探索治疗方法。故选C。
85. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:耶格告诉我,每个人都有第六感,当事情不对劲时,它会发出警告。A.
forbids禁止;B. hits打击;C. informs通知;D. warns警告。根据“I’m glad she paid attention to her 6
warning.”可知,第六感会发出警告。故选D。
86. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:回想起来,我很高兴她注意到了内心的警告。A. active积极的;B. inner
内心的;C. useful有用的;D. sudden突然的。根据“everyone has a sixth sense, which 5 them when
something’s not right.”可知,此处表示内心的警告。故选B。
87. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:通过手术,这只聪明的狗狗成功了。A. pushes through排除困难办好某事;
B. bends down弯腰;C. cheers up使高兴起来;D. gets off下车。根据“Fortunately, there’s enough time to
explore 4 .”可知,通过手术,狗狗成功度过了难关。故选A。
88. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:但恢复的机会看起来很有希望。A. success成功;B. recovery恢复;C.
victory胜利;D. survival生存。根据上文“It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and fears.”和“but”可知,
上下文形成转折关系,上文提到“这并不容易,他告诉我们他的痛苦和恐惧。”下文则表示“恢复的机会
看起来很有希望”。故选B。
89. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:经过这次经历,哈利逐渐意识到,当一个人得了癌症,整个家庭都会受到
影响。A. innocently天真地;B. automatically自动地;C. gradually逐渐地;D. accidentally偶然地。根据
“After this experience”可知,经过这次经历,哈利逐渐意识到当一个人得了癌症,整个家庭都会受到影响。
故选C。
90. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. suffer遭受;B. behave表现;C. perform表演;D. delay推迟。根据
“when someone has cancer”可知,当一个人得了癌症,整个家庭都会遭受影响。故选A。
91. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:哈利与癌症的斗争可能会引起成年人的关注,他们会考虑和孩子一起读这
本书。A. competing竞争;B. battling斗争;C. continuing继续;D. mixing融合。根据“Harley is diagnosed
with bone cancer.”可知,此处指哈利与癌症斗争。故选B。
92. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:但耶格提供了如此积极的视角,这本书更值得分享。A. possess拥有;B.
close关闭;C. share分享;D. print打印。根据“But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective”可知,此处评
价这本书值得分享。故选C。
93. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:此外,这本书有一个快乐的结局也很有帮助。A. sad难过的;B. happy高兴的;C. ridiculous荒唐的;D. unusual不同寻常的。根据“Through surgery, this smart dog 7 ”可
知,狗狗被治愈了,因此这本书有一个快乐的结局。故选B。
94. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:正如耶格所指出的,“这本书向我们传播了爱。这个小小的元素可以影
响人类和动物世界。”A. decisive决定性的;B. logical符合逻辑的;C. attractive吸引人的;D. influential有
影响的。根据“Love can defeat all.”可知,爱这个元素可以影响人类和动物世界。故选D。
95. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:在这本精彩的书中,这个信息再清楚不过了。A. meaning意义;B. principle
原则;C. message信息;D. expression表达。根据“Love can defeat all.”可知,这本书传达爱能够战胜一切
这个信息。故选C。
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96. B 97. C 98. D 99. A 100. A 101. D 102. A 103. C 104. B 105. B
106. B 107. A 108. D 109. C 110. A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。为了确保青少年的安全,美国对青少年实行了宵禁。宵禁降低了强少年的犯罪
率,非常有效,但是在一定程度上限制了青少年的自由和权利。本文对宵禁这以举措的优点和缺点进行了
论述。
96. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:这也可能是一个人变得非常受到负面影响的时候,并被危险的情况所吸引。
A. opposed反对;B. subjected使经受;C. related联系;D. restricted限制。由下文“and is drawn towards
dangerous situations”可知,被危险的情况所吸引,自然容易受到负面影响,be subjected to固定搭配,意为
“遭受;受……影响”。故选B。
97. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:因此,需要一种确保青少年安全的方法,宵禁往往被视为这样一种措施,
因为它们已经证明了自己的有效性。A. improving提高;B. restoring恢复;C. ensuring确保;D. expanding
扩大。由下文“teenagers’ security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure”可知,为了确
保青少年安全的方法而采取了宵禁这种措施,故选C。
98. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:需要一种确保青少年安全的方法,宵禁往往被视为这样一种措施,因为它
们已经证明了自己的有效性。A. principle原则;B. reference参考;C. approach方法;D. efficiency效率;
成效。由上文“curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure, since they have proved their”可知,采取宵禁这
种措施,是因为这种措施很有效,故选D。
99. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:青少年宵禁的问题在美国引起了广泛的争论,在美国,这种方法仍然相
当流行,而在欧洲民主国家,这种措施还没有得到广泛使用。A. popular有名的;流行的;B. absent缺席的;
C. practical实用的;D. accessible可接近的。由上文“The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the
United States,”可知,青少年宵禁的问题在美国引起了广泛的争论,这说明在美国,这种方法很流行,故选A。
100. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:典型的宵禁要求17岁以下的青少年从晚上11点或午夜开始不得上街。
A. Typical典型的;B. Evident显然的;C. Critical批评的;D. Specific具体的。由下文“curfews require
teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11 p. m. or midnight.”可知,此处列举典型例子具体
介绍了宵禁的要求,故选A。
101. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:这被认为可以保护他们免受夜幕降临后的罪行,以及免受违法行为的
伤害,并且有确凿的证据支持这一观点。A. in place of代替;B. in honor of为了纪念;C. in case of 以防;
D. in favor of支持。由下文“ For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-till-dawn curfew in 1994, the
rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.(例如,当新奥尔良在1994年实行从黄昏到黎
明的宵禁时,据报道青少年犯罪率下降了20% 以上。)”可知,此处举例子来支持宵禁是有效的这一观点,
故选D。
102. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:达拉斯的结果更令人印象深刻,报告显示青少年暴力犯罪率下降了30%
,青少年犯罪率整体下降了21%(纽约时报)。A. results结果;B. events事件;C. patterns类型;D. links
联结。由下文“which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime, and a 21-percent decrease in the
overall rates of crimes committed by young people(The New York Times).”可知,报告显示青少年暴力犯罪率下
降了30%,青少年犯罪率整体下降了21%,这是达拉斯的调查结果,故选A。
103. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:另一方面,宵禁可被视为一种预防性措施,剥夺了年轻人的权利,限制了
他们的自由。A. protecting保护;B. acknowledging承认;C. limiting限制;D. liberating解放。由上文“On
the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights”可知,有些人认
为宵禁限制了他们的自由,故选C。
104. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:此外,有报道称,警方以违反宵禁为由逮捕了更多的非白人青少年。
A. By contrast相比之下;B. In addition此外;C. In conclusion总之;D. In general一般地。上文描述了宵禁
限制了年轻人的自由这一缺点,此处描写了宵禁的另一缺点——警方以违反宵禁为由逮捕了更多的非白人
青少年,由此可知,空前句子和空后句子是并列关系,此处应用in addition,表示“此外”,故选B。
105. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有这些都可能导致青少年认为他们已经越过了将他们划分为罪犯的心理
防线;因此,这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒,这可能导致犯下比宵禁更严重的罪行。A. winners
获胜者;B. criminals罪犯;C. victims受害者;D. protectors保护者。由下文“thus, such teenagers may start
to see themselves as outlaws,”可知,所有这些都可能导致青少年认为他们已经越过了将他们划分为罪犯的心
理防线,因此,这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒,故选B。
106. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:所有这些都可能导致青少年认为他们已经越过了将他们划分为罪犯的心理防线;因此,这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒,这可能导致犯下比宵禁更严重的罪行。A.
take charge of 控制;B. contribute to有助于;促使;C. result from由……导致;D. deal with解决。由上文
“thus, such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws”可知,这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒,
这促使他们犯下比宵禁更严重的罪行。故选B。
107. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:在为孩子设立宵禁时,父母需要记住的重要一点是,青少年对某些规定的
错误看法可能会导致他们在其他方面行为不端,明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明了这一点,根据这项研究,
青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的行为。A. rules规则;B. charges收费;C. crimes犯罪;D. relations关
系。由上文“when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager’s misjudged view of certain”可知,
此处指宵禁的一些规定,故选A。
108. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在为孩子设立宵禁时,父母需要记住的重要一点是,青少年对某些规定
的错误看法可能会导致他们在其他方面行为不端,明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明了这一点,根据这项研究,
青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的行为。A. impolite不礼貌的;B. unrealistic不现实的;C. inadequate不
足的;D. unfair不公平的。由上文“teens tend to protest against what they see as”可知,青少年会对他们认为
不公平的行为而抗议,故选D。
109. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:考虑到这一点,父母应该避免建立宵禁的独裁风格;相反,他们应该与孩
子进行对话,旨在为宵禁寻找双方都满意的理想条件。A. adopt采取;B. allow允许;C. avoid避免;D.
address解决。由下文“the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead”可知,父母应该避免建立宵禁的
独裁风格,故选C。
110. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:考虑到这一点,父母应该避免建立宵禁的独裁风格;相反,他们应该与孩
子进行对话,旨在为宵禁寻找双方都满意的理想条件。A. satisfy使满意;B. spare抽出,留出;
C. surround围绕;D. settle定居;解决。由上文“they should have a conversation with their teenager that
would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would ”和下文“both sides”可知,父母应该与孩子
进行对话,旨在为宵禁寻找双方都满意的理想条件。故选A。
8
111. A 112. C 113. C 114. D 115. B 116. A 117. C 118. A 119. A 120.
A 121. B 122. A 123. B 124. A 125. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了为什么一些绝妙的想法被忽视,并用相关的例子进行说明。
111. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:五年后,在建造了一个大型旋转天线并研究了他能想到的所有可能性之后,
他发表了他的非凡结论:一些静电来自银河系。A. conclusion结论;B. device设备;C. invention发明;D.
paper论文。后文“some of the static was coming from the Milky Way(一些静电来自银河系)”是他得出的结论。故选A。
112. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Jansky的理论引人注目,足以发表在《纽约时报》上,但科学家们却不
为所动。A. unreliable不可靠的;B. uncomfortable不舒服的;C. unimpressed不感兴趣的;D. unsatisfactory
不令人满意的。根据后文“Radio signals from outer space? Surely they were too weak to detect.(来自外太空的
无线电信号?他们肯定太弱了,无法察觉)”可知,科学家们不为所动。故选C。
113. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:扬斯基的想法在大约十年的时间里基本上被忽视了。A. criticized批评;B.
kept保持;C. ignored忽视;D. inspected检查。根据后文“He died at the age of 44. Thankfully, he lived long
enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.(他在44岁时去世。谢天谢地,他活得足够长,
看到他的想法在射电天文学领域开花结果)”可知,扬斯基的想法在大约十年的时间里基本上被忽视了,死
后想法在射电天文学领域开花结果。故选C。
114. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:扬斯基的故事引起了我们的共鸣:我们都喜欢这位研究人员的想法,他远
远领先于他们的时代,以至于世界上的其他人需要几年的时间才能赶上。A. mission任务;B. goal目标;
C. schedule计划表;D. time时代。根据上文“we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their”
可知,为短语ahead of time表示“领先时代,提前”。故选D。
115. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:扬斯基和孟德尔的故事给那些认为世界还没有完全了解他们的才华的人带
来了一些希望。A. caught up with赶上;B. had a good command of掌握;C. made good use of充分利用;D.
taken advantage of占便宜,利用。根据上文“The stories of Jansky and Mendel”可知,扬斯基和孟德尔的才
华在当时被世界所忽视,所以这里指给那些认为世界还没有完全了解他们的才华的人带来了一些希望。故
选B。
116. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:莱顿大学的Anthony van Raan甚至为这类案例创造了一个名字:“睡美
人”。这些科学论文在得到广泛关注之前,多年来几乎没有人引用。A. attention关注;B. platform平台;
C. space空间;D. vision幻想。根据后文“Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed
recognition”.(一些学者认为这个词是性别歧视,更喜欢“延迟识别”)”可知,这些科学论文一开始没有人得
到广泛关注,故选A。
117. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:扬斯基和孟德尔在某种程度上脱离了科学主流。A. data数据;B. kingdom
王国;C. mainstream主流;D. proof证据。根据上文“One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when
delivered by obscure messengers.(一种观点认为,杰出的想法被默默无闻的信使所忽视)”可知,此处指扬斯
基和孟德尔在某种程度上脱离了科学主流。故选C。
118. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:1970年,社会学家斯蒂芬·科尔发表了一篇分析文章,认为障碍往往在于
这个想法本身的内容,而不是背后科学家的声望。A. content内容;B. origin起源;C. popularity受欢迎;D. presence存在。根据后文“of the idea itself, rather than the prestige of the scientist behind it”可知,斯蒂芬·
科尔发表了一篇分析文章,认为障碍往往在于这个想法本身的内容,而不是背后科学家的声望。故选A。
119. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:该领域的两位学者尤金·加菲尔德和沃尔夫冈·格兰泽尔认为,这种延迟识
别的例子非常罕见,以至于很难分析。A. examples例子;B. letters信;C. reports报告;D. supporters支持
者。根据后文“There are plenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent
popularity.(有很多研究的例子很少被引用;罕见的是它们后来的流行)”可知,此处指的是延迟识别的例子非
常罕见,以至于很难分析。故选A。
120. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们从2004年开始研究1980年发表的论文,寻找那些在五年内几乎没有
被引用的文章,然后就中断了。A. broke off中断;B. paid off支付;C. switched off关闭;D. took off起飞。
根据后文“There are plenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent popularity.
(有很多研究的例子很少被引用;罕见的是它们后来的流行)”可知,他们寻找那些在五年内几乎没有被引用
的文章,然后就中断了。故选A。
121. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然,有一种解释是,我们都喜欢弱者战胜逆境的故事A. the authorities
当局;B. the odds逆境;C. the opposite相反;D. the wrong错误。根据上文“Immediate and sustained
success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.(即时持续的成功和即时持续的失败一样无聊)”可知,我
们都喜欢弱者战胜逆境的故事。故选B。
122. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:另一个原因是科学家们自己喜欢认为他们的想法不被重视。A.
underappreciated不受重视;B. underdeveloped发展不完全;C. underequipped装备不足;D. underperformed
表现不佳。根据后文“In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science,
Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition.(在一篇关于延迟认可的文章中,
加菲尔德温和地指出,科学历史学家德里克·普莱斯认为他自己的一篇论文受到了延迟认可)”可知,另一个
原因是科学家们自己喜欢认为他们的想法不被重视。故选A。
123. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:更常见的是,人们只是在晚年才达到巅峰。A. challenging调整性的;B.
common普通的;C. complicated复杂的;D. difficult困难的。根据后文“there are many examples of “old
masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones(但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年
轻时的作品更受赞赏)”可知,更常见的是,人们只是在晚年才达到巅峰。故选B。
124. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:盖伦森发现,作为一个激进的年轻观念艺术家,虽然很有可能取得突破,
但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏。A. break through突破;B. get through度过;
C. make ends meet收支平衡;D. make sense有意义。根据后文“as a radical young conceptual artist”以及
while引导让步状语从句,可知,作为一个激进的年轻观念艺术家,虽然很有可能取得突破,但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏。故选A。
125. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:好事不会降临那些等待的人身上,如果他们只会等待的话。A.
complaining投诉;B. socializing社交;C. thinking思考;D. waiting等待。根据上文“Good things do not
come to those who wait”可知,好事不会降临那些等待的人身上,如果他们只会等待的话。故选D。
9
126. D 127. B 128. B 129. A 130. C 131. D 132. C 133. A 134. D 135.
B 136. A 137. D 138. B 139. B 140. A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文,主要讲的是AI的发展在改变我们生活的同时也让我们很担忧,但是我们还
是要继续前进,因为解决今天技术造成的问题的唯一办法就是明天的技术。
126. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们甚至不能就人类的智力是什么达成一致,这个话题不可避免地从科学
转向哲学。A. tell apart分辨;B. disapprove of不赞成;C. glance at看一眼;D. agree on达成一致。根据上
文“we’re not sure what artificial intelligence (AI) is”可知,句子表示“我们甚至不能就人类的智力是什么达
成一致”。故选D。
127. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我既不是科学家也不是哲学家,但我在人类和机器认知的前沿都有几十
年的个人经验,所以我更喜欢关注实际。A. theoretical理论的;B. practical实际的;C. physical物理的;D.
mental精神的。根据下文“AI will be the greatest technological advance since the Internet turned the world into
a living stream of data”可知,作者更关注实际情况。故选B。
128. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:它最终将比互联网更具变革性,以可见或不可见的方式改变我们生活的
方方面面。A. specialized专业的;B. transformative有改革能力的;C. predictable可预测的;D. irrelevant不
相关的。根据下文“changing every part of our lives”可知,AI比互联网更具变革性。故选B。
129. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:这已经发生了。A. happening发生;B. misleading误导;C. worsening恶化;
D. changing改变。根据上文“changing every part of our lives”和现实情况可知,AI已经正在改变我们的生
活,因此空格处用“发生”。故选A。
130. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:从医疗诊断到投资银行业务,从招聘员工到教育我们的孩子,这些日益
强大的系统正在改变世界。A. intense严肃紧张的;B. annoying令人恼火的;C. capable能干的;D. simple
简单的。根据上文“From medical diagnosis to investment banking, from hiring staff to educating our children”
可知,医疗诊断,投资银行业务,招聘员工和教育孩子,这些系统都是很能干的。故选C。
131. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:无论你觉得这是可怕的还是美妙的,这都很重要,因为公众舆论推动着教
育、投资和监管,使结果成为一种自我实现的承诺。A. health健康;B. image图像;C. service服务;D.
opinion看法。根据上文“you find this terrifying or wonderful”可知,此处说的是大众对AI的看法。故选D。
132. 考查固定短语辨析。句意:也就是说,如果人们发现智能机器的快速发展是可怕的,而不是美妙的,
它不会阻止它,但它可能会使结果变得更糟。A. In short简而言之;B. What’s more此外;C. That is也就是
说;D. As a result结果。根据上文“public ___6___ drives education, investment, and regulation, making the
outcome a type of self-fulfilling promise”和下文“if people find the rapid advance of intelligent machines
terrifying instead of wonderful, it won’t stop it”可知,空后是在解释前面这句话,因此空格处是“也就是说”。
故选C。
133. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:由于毫无理由的恐惧而放慢我们的进展,我们就会拖延下一波产生更广泛
利益所需的突破,从而延长痛苦阶段。A. fear害怕;B. deed行为;C. manner态度,举止;D. passion热情。
根据上文“if people find the rapid advance of intelligent machines terrifying instead of wonderful”可知,句子表
示“由于毫无理由的恐惧而放慢我们的进展,我们就会拖延下一波产生更广泛利益所需的突破,从而延长
痛苦阶段”,空格处意为“害怕”。故选A。
134. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:对于智能机器,尤其是自主机器的增长,存在着切实而紧迫的担忧。A.
rumors谣言;B. remarks言论;C. mysteries奥秘;D. concerns担心,忧虑。根据下文“Rising inequality if
automation hits lower-income people harder, personal data being used improperly by companies”可知,此处指的
是人们有担忧。故选D。
135. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:如果自动化对低收入人群的冲击更大,不平等加剧,个人数据被公司不当
使用……这些问题都不会对生存构成威胁——好莱坞的杀手机器人,或者认为没有理由让人类留在身边的
超级智能人工智能。A. take humans in接纳人类;B. keep humans around让人类留在身边;C. give humans
up放弃人类;D. put humans away把人类关起来。根据上文“the killer robots of Hollywood”和下文“It’s as
if everyone were curious about how we might all one day be killed by robots”可知,此处表示“认为没有理由让
人类留在身边的超级智能人工智能”。故选B。
136. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意:作为Foundation for Responsible Robotics的执行委员会成员和Avast
Software的安全大使,我对这些人工智能增强的机器可能给我们带来的真正威胁太熟悉了。A. familiar with
熟悉;B. ignorant of对……无知;C. superior to优于;D. unhappy about不高兴。根据下文“After all, we
live with nuclear power that could literally destroy the planet, and we certainly want it to be monitored”可知,作
者对这些人工智能增强的机器可能给我们带来的真正威胁太熟悉了。故选A。
137. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我很高兴像斯蒂芬·霍金和埃隆·马斯克这样的伟大思想家表达了他们的
担忧,像尼克·博斯特罗姆这样的顶级人工智能专家正在规划最坏的可能性。A. newest最新的;B. best最
好的;C. oldest最旧的;D. worst最坏的。根据上文“the real threats we may be faced with due to these AI-enhanced machines”可知,此处指的是“人工智能专家正在规划最坏的可能性”。故选D。
138. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:毕竟,我们生活在可以摧毁地球的核能中,我们当然希望它得到负责任的
监控和使用。A. occasionally偶尔;B. responsibly认真负责地;C. immediately立刻;D. genuinely真诚地。
根据上文“the real threats we may be faced with due to these AI-enhanced machines”可知,人工智能增强的机
器对我们有威胁,所以希望它得到负责任的监控和使用。故选B。
139. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:道德很重要,所以创造更好的人类永远比创造更智能的机器更重要。A.
Technology技术;B. Morality道德;C. Intelligence智力;D. Automation自动化。根据上文“AI is capable of
being used for good or evil.”和下文“making better humans will always be more important than making smarter
machines”可知,因为AI可能对人类不好,所以在创造智能机器时道德很重要,所以创造更好的人类永远
比创造更智能的机器更重要。故选B。
140. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:最重要的是,我们必须不断前进,因为解决今天技术造成的问题的唯一办
法就是明天的技术。A. moving forward朝前方前进;B. looking upon看待;C. calming down平静下来;D.
running away跑开。根据下文“because the only solution for the problems caused by today’s technology is
tomorrow’s”可知,我们必须不断前进,因为解决今天技术造成的问题的唯一办法就是明天的技术。故选
A。
10
141. B 142. C 143. A 144. C 145. A 146. D 147. B 148. D 149. D 150.
A 151. B 152. B 153. C 154. D 155. B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。通过安·比克利的故事倡议大家抽时间给家人和朋友写充满感情的信
件。
141. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们喜欢信件。正如诗人约翰·多恩所说“对我和我的朋友来说,信件不
仅仅意味着问候;它们把灵魂凝聚在一起。”A. made制作;B. put说;C. helped帮助;D. managed 管理。
根据下文“Letters, to me and my friends mean 2 greetings; they get souls together. Thanks to letters,
friends who are 3 speak.(对我和我的朋友来说,信件不仅仅意味着问候;它们把灵魂凝聚在一起。
多亏了信件,缺席的朋友才能说话。)”可知这里说的是约翰·多恩说,故选择B项。
142. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:我们喜欢信件。正如诗人约翰·多恩所说,“对我和我的朋友来说,
信件不仅仅意味着问候;它们把灵魂凝聚在一起。A. rather than而不是;B. less than少于;C. more than不
仅;D. other than除……以外。根据下文“they get souls together(它们把灵魂凝聚在一起)”可知,这里
要说的是不仅仅意味着问候,故选择C项。
143. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:多亏了信件,缺席的人可以说话。A. absent缺席的;B. active积极的;C. amused好笑的;D. admirable令人羡慕的。根据上文“Thanks to letters(多亏了信件)”可知,这里说
的是信件可以让缺席的人说话,故选择A项。
144. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:今天,在即时短信、社交媒体和电子邮件的时代,它们听起来比以往任
何时候都更真实,因为写信或收到信已经成为一件罕见的事情。A. popular受欢迎的;B. common普通的;
C. rare稀少的;D. simple简单的。根据上文“Today, in the age of instant text message, social media, and email,
they still ring truer than ever(今天,在即时短信、社交媒体和电子邮件的时代,它们听起来比以往任何时候
都更真实)”可知,随着信息时代的来临,收到信件已成为一件罕见的事情,故选择C项。
145. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:《星期日泰晤士报》在英国范围内进行的一项调查显示,四分之一的人至
少有10年没有收到过一封信。A. received收到;B. sent 发送;C. written写;D. rejected 拒绝。根据下文
“ten years without recognizing the handwriting on the envelope(十年没有认出信封上的笔迹)”可知,这里
说的是十年没有收到过一封信,故选择A项。
146. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:十年来,没有在地板上踱步等待邮递员的甜蜜快乐;十年没有认出信封上
的笔迹,也没有急切地撕开信来阅读信中的内容。A. engineer工程师;B. doctor医生;C. police警察;D.
postman 邮递员。根据下文“ten years without recognizing the handwriting on the envelope and eagerly 7
the letter to read its content.(十年没有认出信封上的笔迹,也没有急切地撕开信来阅读信中的内容。)”可
知,这里说的是焦急地等待邮递员的心情,故选择D项。
147. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:十年来,没有在地板上踱步等待邮递员的甜蜜快乐;十年没有认出信封上
的笔迹,也没有急切地撕开信来阅读信中的内容。A. seizing抓住;B. tearing撕开;C. hiding隐藏;D.
carrying搬。根据下文“to read its content(阅读信中的内容)”可知,这里说的是撕开信封,故选择B项。
148. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在同一项调查中,三分之一的受访英国人表示,他们记得充满感情的信
件的内容。A. American美国的;B. Chinese中国的;C. Australian澳大利亚的;D. British英国的。根据上
文“A UK-wide survey undertaken by Sunday Times suggests that one in four of us has not 5 a letter
for at least 10 years.(《星期日泰晤士报》在英国范围内进行的一项调查显示,四分之一的人至少有10年
没有收到过一封信。)”可知,这里说的是接受采访的英国人,故选择D项。
149. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:难道我们不应该腾出时间给我们的朋友和家人他们将永远珍藏的东西吗?
A. money钱;B. room房间;C. history历史;D. time时间。根据上文“In the same survey, one third of
8 people interviewed say that they remember the content of sentimental (充满情感的) letters.(在同一项调
查中,三分之一的受访英国人表示,他们记得充满感情的信件的内容。)”可知,这里说的是我们应该抽
空给家人写信,短语make time“抽空”符合题意,故选择D项。
150. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:Ann Bickley于2017年上网,主动提出给任何联系她的人手写一封信。A.contacted联系;B. interviewed采访;C. consulted咨询;D. admired钦佩。根据上文“Ann Bickley went
online in 2017 and offered to handwrite a letter to anyone(安·比克利于2017年上网,主动提出给任何人手写
一封信。)”可知,这里说的是与她联系的人,故选择A项。
151. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:她的网站在最初的三个月里接待了50000名访问者。A. guests宾客;B.
visitors访客;C. friends朋友;D. partners搭档。根据上文“Her website(她的网站)”可知,这里说的是
网站接待了50000名访客,故选择B项。
152. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:五年后,她仍然是“百万速信”网站的主力军,并亲自写了4000封信,
向陌生人提供希望和安慰。A. effort 努力;B. comfort安慰;C. surprise惊喜;D. experience经验。根据下
文“I am letting someone know that there is someone in the world who 1 5 them.(我让他们知道这世
界上有人关心他们)”可知,这里说的是向他们提供宽慰,故选择B项。
153. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:一封信背后的思想与其内容一样重要。A. educates教育;B. guides指导;
C. matters要紧;D. rewards奖励。根据下文““I never tell anyone that 1 4 is going to be OK,” Ann
Bickley says, “I am letting someone know that there is someone in the world who 1 5 them.”(安·比克
利说:“我从不和任何人说一切都会好起来,我只是让他们知道这世界上有人关心他们。”)”可知,这
里说的是,思想与内容一样重要,故选择C项。
154. 考查代词词义辨析。句意:安·比克利说:“我从不告诉任何人一切都会好起来,我让别人知道世界
上有人关心他们。”A. nothing没有什么;B. anything任何事情;C. something某事;D. everything每件事。
根据下文“I am letting someone know that there is someone in the world who 1 5 them.(我让他们知
道这世界上有人关心他们)”可知,我从不简单的说,一切都会好起来,而是让他们知道这世界上有人关
心他们,故选择D项。
155. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:安·比克利说:“我从不告诉任何人一切都会好起来,我让别人知道
世界上有人关心他们。”A. looks after照顾;B. cares about关心;C. struggles for为……而斗争;D. agrees
with同意。根据上文“Five years later, she is still the main force behind one-million-lovely-letter.com and has
personally written 4,000 letters offering hope and 1 2 to strangers.(五年后,她仍然是“百万速信”
网站的主力军,并亲自写了4000封信,向陌生人提供希望和安慰。)”可知,这里要说的是有人在关心他
们,故选择B项。
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156. B 157. C 158. C 159. D 160. B 161. D 162. B 163. D 164. A 165.
D 166. D 167. B 168. C 169. B 170. D 171. C 172. D 173. A 174. A
175. C【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述的是很多人对拥有的东西不知道珍惜,直到失去了才知道它的
珍贵。
156. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这确实是一个土壤肥沃的好农场,但随着时间的流逝,农夫开始想也许
有更好的地方适合他。A. cheaper便宜的;B. better较好的;C. briefer更短的;D. easier更简单的。根据语
境以及上文中的“It was really a good farm with fertile soil, but”和下文中的“As human beings, it is
____11____ to want the best things in life.”可知,此处应表示“更好的”地方适合他。故选B项。
157. 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:每天他都找到新的理由来批评他的老农场的一些特点。A. example例子,
榜样;B. method方法;C. reason原因;D. place地方。根据上文中的“An old farmer had lived on the same
farm all his life. It was really a good farm with fertile soil, but with the passing of the years, the farmer began to
think that maybe there was something ____1____ for him.”可知,这位老农民想要更好的农场,所以此处指的
是每天找一些批评旧农场的“理由”。故选C项。
158. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:最后,他决定卖掉它。A. move移动;B. give给予;C. sell售卖;D. keep
保持。根据下文中的“He listed the farm with a broker (经纪人)”可知,他把农场交给了经纪人,由此可知,
此处指的是最终要“卖”了农场。故选C项。
159. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:他向一位经纪人(经纪人)介绍了这个农场,这位经纪人迅速准备了一则广
告,强调这个农场的所有优点。A. found发现;B. placed放置;C. answered回答;D. prepared准备。根据
语境以及下文中的“When the broker read the ad. to the farmer”可知,经纪人把广告读给农民听,由此可推
断,此处指的是“准备”售卖农场的广告。故选D项。
160. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向一位经纪人介绍了这个农场,这位经纪人迅速准备了一则广告,强调
这个农场的所有优点。A. information信息;B. advantages优势;C. sides边,面;D. history历史。根据常
识,要售卖农场,应该是强调农场的“优点”。故选B项。
161. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当经纪人把广告念给农场主听,征求他的同意,让他把广告登在当地报纸
上时,农场主仔细地听着。A. interest兴趣;B. decision决定;C. attempt尝试;D. approval同意,赞成。根
据下文中的“to place it in the local paper”可知,经纪人要把广告发布到当地报纸,要征得农民的“同意”。
故选D项。
162. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:当经纪人把广告念给农场主听,征求他的同意,让他把广告登在当地报纸
上时,农场主仔细地听着。A. happily快乐地;B. carefully仔细地;C. proudly骄傲的D. consciously有意识
地。根据上文中的“When the broker read the ad. to the farmer for his ____6____ to place it in the local paper”并
结合语境可知,经纪人给农民念出售农场广告,并要放到当地报纸上时,农民应该是“仔细地”听着,符
合语境。故选B项。163. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当经纪人念完后,农夫喊道:“把所有的都收起来。我改变主意了。我一
生都在寻找这样的地方!”A. suggestion建议;B. style风格;C. question问题;D. mind思想,主意。根据下
文中的“I’ve been looking for such a place all my life!””可知,农场主听完广告后,说这是他一生在寻找的地
方,由此可推断,他应该是不想卖农场了,所以此处指的是改变了“注主意”符合语境。故选D项。
164. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我想你会同意,我们每个人都会时不时地抱怨一些事情,比如我们的家、
我们的车或我们的工作。A. agree同意;B. state陈述;C. prove证明;D. predict预测。根据下文中的
“each of us, from time to time, ____10____ about things such as our home, our car, or our job.”可知,根据上文
介绍的农民卖农场的故事可知,作者认为大家应该都“同意”我们每一个人时常抱怨我们的家、我们的车
或者我们的工作。故选A项。
165. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我想你会同意,我们每个人都会时不时地抱怨一些事情,比如我们的家、
我们的车或我们的工作。A. worries担忧;B. thinks认为;C. talks谈论;D. complains抱怨。根据上文中关
于农民卖农场的故事可知,时间久了,农民对本来不错的农场心生不满,决定要卖掉它,由此可知,此处
指的是“抱怨”符合语境。故选D项。
166. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:作为人类,想要生活中最好的东西是很自然的。A. popular受欢迎的;
B. suitable合适的;C. vital至关重要的;D. natural自然的。根据下文中的“to want the best things in life.”以
及上文的故事可知,作为人类,在生活中想要最好的东西是“自然的”事情。故选D项。
167. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:下次当你发现自己在质疑你与家人、邻居或朋友的关系时,别担心。A.
analyzing分析;B. questioning质疑;C. exploiting利用;D. developing开发。根据下文中的“Human
relationships have their ups and downs, so it is natural to ____13____ at times if you might get on well with
someone else.”可知,人际关系有起有落,所以此处指的是“质疑”与家人、;邻居或者朋友的关系。故选
B项。
168. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:人际关系有起有落,所以有时很自然地想知道你是否能和别人相处得很好。
A. forgive宽恕;B. apologize道歉;C. wonder想知道D. learn学习。根据上文中的“Human relationships
have their ups and downs”和下文中的“if you might get on well with someone else.”可知,此处指的是“想知
道”是否与别人相处的很好。故选C项。
169. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如果你发现自己处于这种情绪,找个安静的地方坐下,为那个人写一篇
“讣告”。A. safe安全的;B. quiet安静的;C. familiar熟悉D. convenient方便的。根据上文中的“If you
ever find yourself in this mood”以及下文中的“write an “obituary (讣告)””可知,在心情不好的时候,写讣告
应该是找个“安静的”地方符合语境。故选B项。
170. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果你发现自己处于这种情绪,找个安静的地方坐下,为那个人写一篇“讣告”。A. friend朋友;B. broker经纪人;C. farmer农民;D. person人。根据下文中的“Notice how
easy it is to come up with nice things to say about the person.”可知,此处指的是给“人”写讣告。故选D项。
171. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:当你想象自己必须用几段文字来总结所爱之人的一生时,这种强烈的情感
肯定会压倒你。A. avoid避免;B. adopt釆纳;C. imagine想象;D. oppose反对。根据上文中的“If you
ever find yourself in this mood, sit down in a ____14____ place and write an “obituary (讣告)” for that
____15____ .”可知,此处指的是假象为“人”写讣告,所以此处应是“想象”符合语境。故选C项。
172. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:当你想象自己必须用几段文字来总结所爱之人的一生时,这种强烈的
情感肯定会压倒你。A. add up加起来;B. hand in上交;C. put up with忍受;D. fit in with与……协调,融
入其中。根据语境,此处指想象用与报纸中的讣告“相协调”的几段文字来总结所爱人的一生,以此来创
造一种逼真的场景去体会。故选D项。
173. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:注意,说一些关于这个人的好话是多么容易。A. goodness美德;B. power
权力,力量;C. energy精力;D. effect影响。根据上文中的“Notice how easy it is to come up with nice
things to say about the person.”可知,此处指的是“美德”与上文中的nice相吻合。故选A项。
174. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:有一天,你可能真的要“真的”经历这个练习,擦干眼泪,然后和那
个人共度美好时光。A. go through经历;B. subscribe to同意;C. set down记下,写下;D. decide on决定。
根据上文中的“Experience the powerful emotions that will surely overcome you”可知,此处指的是去“经历”
真实的失去某人时的场景。故选A项。
175. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:享受当下,意识到拥有这样一个人是多么的幸运。A. Grasp掌握;B. Save
拯救;C. Enjoy喜欢,欣赏;D. Expect期望。根据上文中的“wipe the tears and then go and spend quality
time with that person.”可知,作者建议去和那个人去度过美好的时光,所以此处应为“享受”当下的时光,
珍惜现在的时光。故选C项。
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176. D 177. B 178. C 179. A 180. D 181. C 182. B 183. D 184. A 185.
C 186. B 187. D 188. A 189. C 190. B 191. D 192. A 193. C 194. A
195. B
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者在发现自己怀孕时,正处于她和丈夫的工作不如意的时候,
正在她考虑不要这个孩子时,受到了一位女士的安慰和鼓励,最终她留下了孩子,并且很感谢那位女士。
176. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我结婚了,但是我的丈夫失业了。A. son儿子;B. brother兄弟;C. father
父亲;D. husband丈夫。根据下文“had just lost his job.”可知,这里指作者的丈夫。故选D。
177. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我当时在一个临时职位上工作,努力寻找永久的全职工作。A. rare稀有的;B. temporary暂时的;C. necessary必要的;D. typical典型的。根据下文“struggling to find permanent,
full-time employment.”可知,作者想找到一份永久的全职工作,所以她现在应该是在做临时工。故选B。
178. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:生孩子是一个“未来计划”,应该在多年后实施。A. test测试;B. family
家庭;C. child孩子;D. promotion提升。根据下文“a “future plan”—and it was supposed to be carried out
many years later”可知,这里应该是指要孩子是将来的事情。故选C。
179. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:几周后,我在工作中度过了糟糕的一天。A. terrible糟糕的;B.
dangerous危险的;C. boring烦人的;D. busy忙的。根据下文“My bus ran late, my report didn’t save, and I
5 my lunch at home.”可知,作者那天诸事不顺,所以应该是很糟糕的事情。故选A。
180. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的公交车晚点了,我的报告没有保存下来,我把午饭忘在家里了。A.
prepared准备;B. finished完成;C. ordered命令;D. left落下。根据上文“My bus ran late, my report didn’t
save”可知,这里是列举作者不顺利的事情,所以应该是把午饭忘在家里了。故选D。
181. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我在书桌前哭了起来,冲进了女洗手间。A. wandered漫步;B. looked看;
C. dashed冲;D. jumped跳。根据上文“I started to cry at my desk”可知,这时候应该是作者在伤心难过时冲
进了女洗手间。故选C。
182. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我躲在小隔间里面,但是无法掩盖声音。A. unusual不同寻常的;B.
impossible不可能的;C. unimportant不重要的;D. improper不恰当的。根据下文“Several people entered
the room, heard me crying”可知,小隔间没有掩盖住作者的哭声。故选B。
183. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:几个人走进房间,听到我哭了,什么也没说就走了。A. doubting怀疑;B.
noticing注意;C. repeating重复;D. saying说。根据上文“left”可知,那几个人什么也没说就走了。故选
D。
184. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:然后,一位年长的女士敲了敲小隔间的门,递给我一张纸巾。A. merely
仅仅;B. frequently频繁地;C. specially特别地;D. curiously好奇地。根据下文“spoken several times”可知,
她们仅仅说过几次话。故选A。
185. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:见第9题详解。A. card卡片;B. certificate证件;C. tissue纸巾;D. scarf
围巾。根据上文“heard me crying”可知,作者在哭,所以那位女士应该是递给她纸巾。故选C。
186. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我把发生在我身上的一切都告诉了她。A. appealed吸引;B. happened发生;
C. applied申请;D. belonged属于。根据上文“I told her everything”可知,作者向那位女士倾诉发生在自己
身上的事情。故选B。
187. 考查连词词义辨析。句意:但她给了我一个拥抱,告诉我一切都会好起来的。A. As因为;B. And并
且;C. So因此;D. But但是。根据上下文意思可知,上下文是转折关系。故选D。188. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:见第12题详解。A. work out解决;B. turn up出现;C. carry on继续;D.
calm down冷静下来。根据上文“she gave me a hug”可知,那位女士是在安慰作者,所以应该是说一切都
将会解决。故选A。
189. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:她告诉我,我会成为一个优秀的母亲,我的孩子将是我生命中的光。A.
duty责任;B. trial试验;C. light光;D. dream梦想。根据上文“She told me I’d be a wonderful mother”下文
“of my life”可知,这里指孩子会是作者生命中的光。故选C。
190. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:那天晚些时候,我在桌子上看到一个信封。A. brochure小册子;B.
envelope信封;C. container容器;D. invitation邀请。根据下文“She’d written a note”可知,那位女士给作
者留了一封信。故选B。
191. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:她写了一张纸条祝我一切顺利,并附上了我认为是她钱包里的所有现金。
A. admitted承认;B. declared宣布;C. predicted预测;D. supposed推断。根据下文“all the cash from her
purse”可知,这是作者推测的。故选D。
192. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我发现它的时候,我又哭了。A. found发现;B. refused拒绝;C.
remembered记得;D. chose选择。根据下文“it”可知,这应该是当作者发现那位女士的给她的钱时又哭了。
故选A。
193. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:这一次是因为我松了一口气,有人相信我会找到一种让事情好转的方法。
A. explained解释;B. discovered发现;C. believed相信;D. promised承诺。根据下文“that I’d find a way to
make things okay”可知,这是那位女士相信作者的情况会好转的看法。故选C。
194. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我儿子现在十几岁了,但那只泰迪熊是我最珍贵的财产之一。A.
possessions财产,所有物;B. inventions发明;C. awards奖励;D. achievements成就。根据上文“One of
the things I bought with that money was a small Teddy Bear.”可知,那只泰迪熊是作者最珍贵的财产之一。故
选A。
195. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:每当我看到它,我就会想起希望是最珍贵的礼物。A. taught教;B.
reminded提醒;C. guaranteed保障;D. warned警告。根据下文“that hope is the most precious gift of all”可
知,这是每当作者看到那只泰迪熊时,就会想起希望是最珍贵的礼物。故选B。