第7 讲 动词时态语态-3 2026 年高考语法专项突破（全国通
用）
（语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练）
内容提要
思维导图
表格呈现
对点练习
单题突破
综合提升
一、复杂时态综合运用（主从句时态呼应）表
此表格聚焦本讲 “复杂时态逻辑” 核心考点，梳理主从句常见时态搭配规则，解决
“多动作混合语境下时态不一致” 问题，是高考综合型时态题的高频考点。
主句
时态
从句类型
从句常
用时态
核心逻辑
示例
一般
过去
时
宾语从句
/ 时间状
语从句
一般过
去时 /
过去进
行时 /
过去完
成时
主句表 “过去
动作”，从句
动作与主句动
作同时 / 先于
主句动作
1. He said he lived (同时) in
Beijing.
2. When I arrived, she was
cooking (同时).
3. He told me he had
finished (先于) the work.
一般
过去
时
宾语从句
（表客观
真理）
一般现
在时
客观真理不受
主句过去时态
影响，仍用一
He said the earth goes (客观
真理) around the sun.
主句
时态
从句类型
从句常
用时态
核心逻辑
示例
般现在时
一般
现在
时
宾语从句
/ 条件状
语从句
一般现
在时 /
一般将
来时
主句表 “当前
状态”，从句
动作表 “经常
性” 或 “未
来计划”
1. I know he plays (经常性)
basketball every day.
2. If it rains tomorrow,
we will stay (未来) at home.
注意事项：
1. 客观真理的时态特殊性：无论主句是过去时还是现在时，从句表客观真理（如科学规律、
事实）均用一般现在时，不可随主句变过去时（错误：He said light travelled faster than sound.
正确：He said light travels faster than sound.）；
2. 过去完成时的 “先后” 限制：仅当从句动作 “明确先于主句过去动作” 时才用过去完
成时，无先后关系则用一般过去时（错误：She told me she had watched TV last night. 正确：
She told me she watched TV last night.——“看 TV” 与 “告诉” 无先后）；
3. 条件状语从句的 “主将从现”：主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句需用一般现在时表将
来，不可用一般将来时（错误：If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home. 正确：If it rains
tomorrow, we will stay at home.）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.
The teacher told us that the earth ________ (go) around the sun, which is a basic scientific fact.
2.
When I ________ (arrive) at the party last night, my best friend was dancing with her partner.
3.
He said that he ________ (finish) his homework before his mother came back home.
4.
If it ________ (rain) this weekend, we will have to cancel our plan to go camping.
5.
I know that my brother ________ (practice) playing the piano every evening after school.
二、特殊语态场景用法表
此表格对应本讲 “特殊语态” 核心内容，梳理 “主动表被动”“情态动词 + 被动”
“need/want/require 特殊用法” 三类高频场景，解决 “非常规语态转换” 问题，。
特殊语态类型
结构规则
适用场景
示例
主动表被动
主语（物）+ 不
及物动词（如
sell/wash/last/ope
n）
表 “某物具
有某种被动
属性”（如
易销售、易
清洗），无
动作执行者
1. This kind of shirt sells well
(易销售).
2. The cloth washes easily (易
清洗).
特殊语态类型
结构规则
适用场景
示例
情态动词 + 被
动
情态动词（can/
may/must/
should）+ be +
过去分词
表 “对被动
动作的能力
/ 许可 / 义
务 / 建议”
1. The work must be
finished (义务) today.
2. This mistake should be
corrected (建议)
immediately.
need/want/require
+ 被动
need/want/require
+ doing（主动形
式表被动）=
need/want/require
+ to be done
表 “某物需
要
被……”，
主语多为物
1. The room needs
cleaning (需要打扫) = The
room needs to be cleaned.
2. The machine requires
repairing (需要修理) = The
machine requires to be
repaired.
注意事项：
1. 主动表被动的动词限制：仅少数不及物动词（sell/wash/last/open/close/break 等）可用于
“主动表被动”，且主语必须是物，不可用于人（错误：He sells well. 正确：His books sell
well.）；
2. 情态动词被动的 “be 动词不可漏”：结构必须是 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，不可
省略 “be”（错误：The problem must solved. 正确：The problem must be solved.）；
3. need/want/require 的主语限制：“doing 表被动” 仅当主语是物时适用，主语是人时需用
“to do”（错误：He needs helping. 正确：He needs to be helped. / He needs help.）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.
This kind of new material ________ (wash) easily, so it is very popular among consumers.
2.
The difficult problem ________ (must solve) before the important meeting begins tomorrow
morning.
3.
The old house in the countryside ________ (need repair) because it has not been lived in for
many years.
4.
These valuable ancient paintings ________ (should protect) carefully to avoid being damaged.
5.
The newly bought mobile phone ________ (sell) well in the market because of its high
performance and low price.
三、语法填空题型专项考查表
此表格梳理本讲复杂时态、特殊语态在该题型中的核心考点及解题逻辑，。
类型
考点要求
解题逻辑步骤
示例
无提示
填单词
填入助动词
（have/has/
had/will）或 be
动词，适配复
杂时态 / 特殊
语态
1. 分析主从句时
态关系，确定所
需时态
2. 根据主语单复
数 / 时态，确定
助动词 /be 动词
形式
1. He said he ______ (be) born in
2000.（主句过去时，从句一般过
去时，主语 he，填 was）
2. The door ______ (must) be locked
before leaving.（情态动词 + 被
动，填 must）
给动词
填形式
用所给动词的
复杂时态 / 特
殊语态形式填
空
1. 判断动作逻
辑：主动 / 被
动，是否需 “主
动表被动”
2. 结合主从句时
态 / 特殊结构，
确定动词形式
1. The work ______ (finish) by
tomorrow.（未来被动，填 will be
finished）
2. This shirt ______ (sell) well, so
it’s often out of stock.（主动表被
动，填 sells）
注意事项：
1. 无提示填单词的 “时态优先”：先通过主从句关系确定时态（如主句过去时→从句过去
相关时态），再确定助动词 /be 动词，不可盲目填写；
2. 给动词填形式的 “被动判断”：若主语是物，且表 “需要被……”“具有被动属性”，
优先考虑 “主动表被动” 或 “被动语态”（如 “shirt”+“well”→sells，“work”+“by
tomorrow”→will be finished）；
3. 避免 “特殊语态混淆”：需区分 “need doing”（主动表被动）与 “need to do”（主动），
如 “The room needs cleaning”（被动） vs “He needs to clean the room”（主动）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.
She told me that she ________ (be) going to visit her grandparents in the countryside the next
weekend.
2.
The old bridge ________（be）rebuilt before the flood season comes to ensure the safety of
local residents.
3.
The valuable cultural relics ________ (discover) in the ancient tomb have been sent to the
museum for protection.
4.
The machine ________ (require) checking regularly to keep it in good working condition.
5.
He said that he ________ (finish) reading the long novel by the end of last month.
四、高频易错点对比辨析表
此表格针对本讲复杂时态、特殊语态的高频易错点，通过 “错误 - 正确” 对比明确规
则。
类型
错误表达
正确表达
核心规则总结
主从句
时态呼
应错误
He said he will visit us
next week.（错误：主句
过去时，从句表未来需
用过去将来时 would）
He said he would
visit us next week.
主句过去时，从句表 “未
来” 需用过去将来时
would do，不可用 will do
主动表
被动滥
用
The accident was
happened yesterday.（错
误：happen 是不及物动
词，无被动，不可用
“主动表被动”）
The accident
happened
yesterday.
仅 sell/wash 等少数动词可
“主动表被动”，happen/o
ccur/rise 等不及物动词无
此用法，只能用主动
情态动
词被动
漏 be
This problem must solve
immediately.（错误：情
态动词 + 被动漏 be
动词）
This problem
must be solved
immediately.
情态动词 + 被动结构为
“情态动词 + be + 过去分
词”，be 不可漏
need
doing
主语错
误
He needs repairing his
bike.（错误：主语是
人，不可用 need
doing，需用 need to
do）
He needs to repair
his bike. / His
bike needs
repairing.
need doing 仅适用于主语
是物，主语是人需用 need
to do
注意事项：
1. 过去将来时的使用场景：仅当主句是过去时，且从句动作 “在主句动作发生时仍未发
生”（表未来），才用过去将来时 would do，不可与一般将来时 will do 混淆；
2. 不及物动词的语态限制：所有不及物动词（happen/occur/rise/fall 等）均无被动语态，也不
可 “主动表被动”，只能用主动形式；
3. need 用法的主语区分：严格按主语 “人 / 物” 判断 —— 人用 need to do，物用 need
doing（=need to be done），不可交叉使用。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.
My father said that he ________ (will) take me to the amusement park the next weekend.
2.
A sudden heavy rain ________ (happen) when we were on our way to school this morning.
3.
The serious mistake in the report ________ (must correct) as soon as possible to avoid bad
influence.
4.
My younger brother ________ (need help) with his math homework because he is not good at
it.
5.
The teacher told us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound, which is a well-known
physical fact.
一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The scientist explained that water ________ (boil) at 100℃ under standard atmospheric pressure.
2. When Tom ________ (call) me yesterday, I was preparing a surprise for his birthday.
3. She told her friends that she ________ (visit) the Great Wall with her parents the previous month.
4. We will go to the beach this Sunday if the weather ________ (be) fine.
5. My mother often says that reading ________ (open) up a new world for us.
6. The new type of battery ________ (last) much longer than the old one, so it sells well.
7. These important files ________ (can not lose) because they contain confidential information.
8. The dirty window in the classroom ________ (want clean) because it affects our view of the
blackboard.
9. The ancient temple ________ (should protect) as a cultural heritage to pass on to future
generations.
10. This kind of skirt ________ (sell) quickly in summer because of its light and cool material.
11. He said that he ________ (will) attend an international conference in Beijing the following
month.
12. The broken computer ________ (must fix) by a professional technician to avoid further damage.
13. The old books ________ (collect) from local residents have been donated to the rural primary
school.
14. The tour guide said that the history of this ancient city ________ (date) back to 2,000 years ago.
15. My sister ________ (need help) with her English exam because she has been ill for a week.
Passage 1
（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend
1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2
(treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool,
starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in
3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-
member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties
there.
What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out
loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be
well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They
all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their
journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state,
Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the
9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint
Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the
honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
Passage 2
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,
encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my
favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you
have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and
risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the
hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of
the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of
Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more
dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than
rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6
(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7 (they)
contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup
hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 9 (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time.
Passage 3
（2025·湖南湘西·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
The three-day World Humanoid Robot Games, the first large-scale global event of its kind,
officially kicked off in Beijing, China, on Friday, August 15, 2025. It has drawn widespread attention
as a historic opportunity 1 (display) humanoid robot technology.
Over 500 humanoid robots, 2 (represent) 280 teams from 16 countries
including the US, Germany and Japan, are competing in a range of sports such as soccer, running and
boxing. 3 (operate) remotely by their human teams, these robots not only
compete for gold medals but also undergo tests for 4 (flexible) and skill across
26 events — gymnastics, track and field, martial arts, and more.
Thursday evening’s opening ceremony 5 (feature) a series of
impressive performances: robots danced hip-hop, demonstrated martial arts moves,
6
played musical instruments like the keyboard, guitar and drums.
The event comes as China has stepped up efforts to develop advanced AI-powered humanoid
robots. During the ceremony, robots also showcased their athletic abilities in soccer and boxing, 7
a large audience cheering them on. In one soccer segment, a robot player scored a goal after a couple
of 8 (attempt), knocking the opposing robot goalkeeper to the ground; another
robot fell but quickly stood up unassisted. They even joined human models for a clothing show,
though one robot tripped over and had to 9 (carry) offstage by two humans.
Among the audience was a senior government official from Beijing,
10
, when asked about the significance of the ongoing World Humanoid Robot Games, emphasized that
every humanoid robot taking part in this groundbreaking international event “is creating history”
through its participation in various athletic and skill-based competitions.
Passage 4
（25-26 高三上·四川·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
Despite the extreme summer heat, 17 Chinese and international volunteers gathered beside the
gatehouse of 1 ancient city in the historic Pingyao county of Shanxi province,
2 (careful) restoring bricks under the guidance of master craftsmen.
The Shanghai Ruan Yisan Heritage Foundation, together with Pingyao county, hosted a
volunteer camp focused on architectural heritage 3 (conserve) in Dongquan
village, a traditional settlement in northern China in August. Over two weeks, the volunteers helped
restore the gatehouse and 4 (surround) walls of the centuries-old yard. They
visited the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Pingyao Ancient City, as well as historic 5
(landmark), like Shuanglin Temple and Zhenguo Temple.
Leading the French group of 26-year-old Aurore Franche, 6 is a fashion
model and has a deep passion for cultural heritage preservation. She saw cultural heritage as a
concrete link to the past, and joined the camp 7 (gain) firsthand experience
with traditional Chinese craftsmanship. “Cultural heritage preservation is a universal mission, 8
(require) a bridge between tradition and modernity. We hope that through our efforts, these precious
treasures can be passed on 9 the future,” said Aurore Franche.
Sara Zuniga, a university student from Mexico, said her studies
10
(fuel) by a desire to understand the brilliant ancient civilizations. “Unfortunately, many of Mexico’s
historical sites have been damaged over time, which motivates me even more to protect the
remaining sites,” she added.
Passage 5
（2025·云南楚雄·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Short-form dramas have rapidly become 1 major trend in digital
entertainment, especially among young people. These episodes, usually between one to ten minutes
long, 2 (design) for quick consumption on platforms like TikTok, Instagram
Reels, and YouTube Shorts.
Their growth is 3 (large) due to changing media habits. With shrinking
attention spans and busier lifestyles, short dramas offer instant storytelling — full of emotion,
conflict, and climax in just a few minutes. They are easy 4 (watch) during
breaks, commutes, or between study sessions.
Socially, these dramas have a significant impact. Positively, they provide a platform for new
writers and actors to showcase their talent. They often address real-life issues such as friendship,
family pressure, or dreams, 5 resonate with teenagers. Some series even raise
6 (aware) around social topics like bullying or environmental protection.
However, there are downsides. The fast-paced style may encourage impulsive watching, 7
(lead) to excessive screen time. Some content prioritizes excitement over accuracy, spreading
whether stereotypes 8 unrealistic expectations. Also, there are concerns that
watching too many short videos could affect concentration spans over time.
In conclusion, short dramas are a double-edged sword. They bring stories to life in a fresh and
accessible way but should 9 (enjoy) mindfully. As high school students, it’s
important to choose meaningful content and balance entertainment 10 other
activities.
Passage 6
（25-26 高三上·山东泰安·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内
单词的正确形式。
More than 7 million Internet users were attracted by a live stream
1
(theme) “When technology meets the beauty of traditional opera” this year. One of the highlights was
how nearly 50 classic operas 2 (present) to audiences in a new way by making
use of diverse digital technologies. In the comment section of the live stream, many people expressed
their praise 3 the beauty of traditional Chinese opera.
In theaters, demand for excellent operas 4 have been updated by VR
technology has been rising. You cannot buy a ticket if you hesitate for even
5
second.
Many attempts have been made to achieve “opera plus technology”, but only 6
(depend) on technology is not enough to promote traditional opera. How to
7
(creative) write stories suitable for today’s tastes is another important issue.
The growing interest in Yue Opera comes from the huge 8 (succeed) of
New Dragon Gate Inn. The show, adapted from the 1992 classic action movie of the same name
while also adding new elements to the story, wins young 9 (audiences) hearts
easily.
Technology and creativity have injected ( 注入) new life into traditional Chinese opera.
However, challenges still exist, including the unsuitable use of technology on stage that 10
(harm) the atmosphere of opera. But it’s important to remember that “Change brings prosperity while
stagnation (停滞) leads to decline.”
