考点02 过去分词（核心考点精讲精练）
目录
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点
题型
过去分词
年份
试卷类型
考点
考向
语法填空
2025
2025 全国二卷
left
作定语
2025 年全国高考一卷
/
/
2025·年浙江1 月
/
/
2024
2024·新课标I 卷
inspired
作定语
2024·新课标II 卷
/
/
2024·全国乙卷
/
/
2024·全国甲卷
/
/
2024·年浙江1 月
designed
作后置定语
2023
2023·新课标I 卷
recognized
作定语
2023·新课标II 卷
/
/
2023·全国乙卷
built
作定语
2023·全国甲卷
intended
作定语
2023·年北京卷
seen
作状语
2023·年浙江1 月
surrounded
作后置定语
2022
2022·新课标I 卷
/
/
2022·新课标II 卷
/
/
2022·全国乙卷
/
/
2022·全国甲卷
held
作后置定语
2022·年北京卷
supported
作后置定语
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3 年新高考卷对于过去分词的考查共计8 次，主要考查：
1．过去分词作状语；
2．过去分词作定语；
3. 过去分词作宾补；
4. 过去分词与现在分词的辨析。
【备考策略】
1.熟练掌握过去分词的各种形式的意义和用法；
2.系统归类过去分词的用法，尤其是过去分词作定语和状语。
3.【命题预测】
预测2026 年高考过去分词的句法功能仍将是考查的重点热点。过去分词在语法填空、短文改错中必考
点。另外V-ing 与V-ed 的辨析仍然是考查重点。
必备基础知识：
1.过去分词的基本意义
它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。
过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者；或者表动作在谓语动词
发生之前已经完成。
2.非谓语动词的句法功能：
①过去分词作状语；
②过去分词作定语；
③ 过去分词作宾补；
④过去分词与现在分词的辨析。
考点一 过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作
与句子主语之间的被动关系。
①Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
②Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
1.作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2.如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
2.部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。
①“be+过去分词+in”类短语：be lost in 陷入, be located in 坐落在, be occupied in 专心于, be absorbed in 专
心致志于, be stuck in 被困在, be trapped in 被困在, be involved in 参与, be buried in 埋头于, be dressed in
穿着…
②“be+过去分词+with”类短语：be satisfied with 对…… 满意, be equipped with 配备有, be loaded with 装
载着, be burdened with 负担着, be faced with 面临着…
③“be+过去分词+to”类短语：be accustomed to 习惯于, be addicted to 沉迷于, be devoted/committed to 致
力于, be exposed to 暴露于, be used to 习惯余…
④“be+过去分词+of”类短语：be tired of(对……厌烦)
例1 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
例2 Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
3．过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。
Film has a much shorter history, especially when __________（compare）to such art forms as music and painting.
4．带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be 的相应变化形式。
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。
5．选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主
句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语
的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从
句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
（2024·北京高考卷）And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
1.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟（东北三省三校）高三联考） (compare) with Chinese festivals, which
often center around family reunion ( 团聚) and respecting ancestors, western festivals tend to emphasize
celebration, reflecting a more individualistic culture.
2． (equip) with all kinds of facilities, our school is beautiful as well as modern.
3．My suggestion is to group students (base) on their language abilities or to let students choose their
own partners.
4． (inspire) by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over
the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
考点二 过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作，单个过去分词作前置定语。
He was just an (adopt) child, who could not afford tuition fee to finish college.
2. 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。
The issue (discuss) at yesterday’s meeting is about environmental protection.
3. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf:
倒下的树/落叶
the risen sun/moon:
升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose:
凋谢的玫瑰花
a retired worker:
退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯
a returned student: 归国留学生
1.（2025 全国二卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to
sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
2（2024 新课标II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
1．Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program (call) Project Debater beat its
human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
2．The soft robotic arm can bend and twist and can be made at any length (require).
3．Since there are many factors (involve) in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be
matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme.
4．A study recently (publish) by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than
boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart”.
考点三 过去分词作宾补
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep 等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order 等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去
分词前省略了to be。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano
这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动
宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。
（2020·新课标II 卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
1．If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me
with my keys. But it can certainly keep me (entertain) while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
2．The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after great effort.
3．This type of drum dance is commonly seen (perform) during the last and first month of the lunar year
in many local festive activities, thus expressing people’s hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come.
4．Tea is such an important part of British culture that we have an entire meal (create) that we have
entirely dedicated to our afternoon tea.
考点四 过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语
所处的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情。
She is interested in the story.
她对那个故事感兴趣。
Her voice sounded excited.
她的声音听起来很兴奋。
现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”，现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系，其过去分词
含有被动意味，即“人被引起某种感觉”。
现在分词
主动意义
过去分词
被动意义
exciting
令人兴奋的，激动人心
的
excited
兴奋的，激动的
frightening
吓人的
frightened
受惊吓的
disappointing
令人失望的
disappointed
感到失望的，失望的
pleasing
令人高兴的
pleased
高兴的，满意的
satisfying
令人满意的
satisfied
感到满意的
surprising
令人惊讶的
surprised
感到惊讶的
moving
令人感动的
moved
受感动的，感动的
interesting
有趣的
interested
感兴趣的
amusing
有趣的，给人娱乐的
amused
感到有意思的
puzzling
令人迷惑不解的
puzzled
感到困惑不解的
encouraging
令人鼓舞的
encouraged
受到鼓舞的
tiring
令人厌倦的/劳累的
tired
感到疲倦的
convincing
令人信服的
convinced
感到信服的
（2018 新课标III 卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he
doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
1．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and
was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
2．Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get ________ (change) before the party.
3．It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become (educate) about the
areas — both in terms of geographical conditions....
（最新模拟试题演练）
1．（2026·福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期开学）Doctors (commit) to fighting tropical diseases
often work in remote field clinics under challenging conditions for years at a time.
2.（2026·浙江省Z20 名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）高三上学期第一次联考）Since ancient times,
locals have recognized its potential as a high-quality natural weaving material, 59 (prize) for the vine’s
lightness, breathability and remarkable durability.
3.（2026·湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8 月联考）By the end of 2021, Wuhan developed a total of 638 hectares
of wetlands, and an 62 (estimate) 196.4 hectares of existing green areas were restored, increasing
biodiversity and carbon sinks. Furthermore, around 103,000 square meters of highly polluting buildings have been
removed.
4．（2025 届北京市东城区高三下学期一模）The coins mostly lay (bury) in sand and seagrass not
far from the coast.
5．（2026·福建省福州第一中学月考）He said that some cigarette ads were not aimed at mature audience but
instead (target) at children.
6．（2026·福建省福建师范大学附属中学摸底）Compared with male graduates, a relatively small number of
female graduates can get (employ) when they go job-hunting.
7．Preschool children are remarkably bad at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the
rest of their bodies (expose).
8． (delight) as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove
Farm is one of the suppliers of a newly opened restaurant.
9．To get (admit), I have made good preparations beforehand, making efforts to know as much as I could
about my city, Tianjin.
10．In order to save Tibetan antelopes from extinction, bridges and gates were added to keep them
(protect).
11．On the way to work this morning, our car suddenly stopped working, so we are having our car
(repair).
12． (arm) with remarkable abilities, Sun Wukong, comes from the 16th-century classic Journey to the
West.
13． (build) entirely out of wood without the use of nails in 1056 during the Liao Dynasty, the pagoda,
whose complicated structure features innumerable mortises and tenons (榫卯), has weathered earthquakes, wars
and other challenges.
14． (praise) by others, people tend to feel appreciated, recognized, and respected.
15． (inspire) by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently
employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·江苏省镇江第一中学等校
高三上学期8 月联考）
All human societies play games. Kicking a ball can be found everywhere whether just a ball of cloth, or a
skin
1
(stuff) with feathers or air.
But complex games and team sports have tended
2
(arise) in big civilizations —the higher the
cultural level of a society, the greater the
3
( complex) of interaction, and hence perhaps the more complex
the forms of sports.
This is not always
4
case. The ancient Greeks, for example, preferred individual not team sports. But
in China for well over 2,000 years, people played the game of “kickball” — cuju. Cuju was played as an
entertainment
5
important situations such as the reception of foreign ambassadors. Even emperors played
kickball.
In a Confucian society, kickball clubs valued mercy and politeness, as you’d expect. A great player was one
6
showed “the spirit of the game”. The “Ten Essentials of Kickball” included respect for other players, polite
behavior and team spirit. There was to be no ungentlemanly behavior, no
7
(danger) play, and no hogging
(独占) the ball. In other words, as we used to say, “Play up and play the game.”
8
a contrast with the ancient Greek athletics where only victory counted
9
if that needed
trickery or cruel professional fouls (犯规), that would be acceptable!
As a way of national culture protection, cuju
10
(list) into China’s first group of intangible
cultural heritage in 2006.
单句语法填空
在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025 北京卷）When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he
might have someone (scare).
2.（2025 八省联考卷）At the same time, a language and its individual (write) forms make up the
“soul” of a national tradition.
3.（2024 浙江1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
__________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
4.（2024 新课标I 卷）These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In
cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants.
5.（2023 新课标I 卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
6.（2023 全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66 (intend) for everyone.
7.（2023 全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than
3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build)
system of ring roads.
8. (2023 天津3 月卷)The hero’s touching story ________(post) online has drawn thousands of “likes” and
hundreds of comments from the public.
9.（2023 浙江1 月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in
concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
10.（2022 全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
11.（2021 浙江卷1 月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________
(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
12.（2021 北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20
years, ________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
13.（2021 全国II 卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
14.（2021 新课标I 卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.
15.（2020 浙江卷1 月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________
(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
16.（2020 北京卷）A piece of stone __________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human
relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
