19 语法填空应对策略(有提示词)
【策略精析】
策略1：动词类填空题的解答策略
1.谓语动词的时态的确定
最近几年高考语法填空最常考的时态是一般过去时、一般现在时和现在完成时。可以通过以下方式
确定时态。
思维定向 解题原则
(1)一般过去时的标志词：yesterday，last year，in 2018，two days
ago等
慧眼识别
(2)一般现在时的标志词：often，usually，always等
标志词
(3)现在完成时的标志词：since，recently，in the past/last few years，
so far，in recent years；for＋时间段等
瞻前顾后 表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致，如：and，but，not
找并列 only...but also连接的句子时态相呼应，应该一致。
通过动作 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，我们可以根据动作发生的先后
先后关系 关系来判定时态。
通过“语境 在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过上下文的语境暗
暗示”法 示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
【典例分析1】 (2020·浙江7月卷)
By about 6，000 BC，people 61.____________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
答案 had discovered [分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余谓语动词，且主语和提示词之间为主动
关系，故此处需用动词的时态。本句中时间标志词By about 6，000 BC为“by＋过去时间”结构，意为
“到……为止”，句子应该用过去完成时。故填had discovered。]
【典例分析2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
65. When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，
they smiled and 66.____________ (point) down the river.
答案 pointed [分析句子结构可知，and连接并列谓语，根据上文they smiled ，可知此处应用一般过去
时，故填pointed。]
【典例分析3】 (2020·山东高考模拟卷)
The way she held their hands，44.____________ (touch) their faces and just looked at them，you could tell they
had such a special bond.
答案 touched [分析句子结构可知，held，looked和空处为并列谓语。]
【典例分析4】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.____________ (report) increases in bear sightings around humansettlements，leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.
答案 have reported [分析句子成分可知，In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.____________
(report) increases...缺少谓语，故空处应填谓语动词。再由时间状语In recent years可知，该句应用现在完
成时。]
2.谓语动词语态的确定
分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给
动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动
词就用被动语态。
【典例分析5】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it 67.means (mean) we have the chance to
obtain information about how the moon 68.____________ (construct). ”
答案 is constructed [分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，谓语 construct与主语the moon之间
是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语 the moon是单数，故填is
constructed。]
【典例分析6】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)
The parts of a museum open to the public 40.____________ (call) galleries or rooms.
答案 are called [分析句子结构可知，该句主语为The parts of a museum，设空处为谓语动词，与主语之
间为被动关系，结合语境可知这里为客观事实，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。]
【典例分析7】 (2020·浙江1月卷)
People tend to focus on the first factor.However，greater attention should 64.____________ (place) on longevity
(长寿).
答案 be placed [由短语place greater attention on可知，attention 与place之间是被动关系，故用被动语
态。]
3.谓语动词单复数的确定
考生答题时不仅要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态，还要时刻提醒“主谓一致”也是高考考查的重要一环。
可数名词单数、不可数名词及第三人称代词(he，she，it)作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数及第一、
二、三人称复数(we，you，they)作主语时谓语动词用复数。牢记以下几种主谓一致的情况。
思维定向 解题原则
在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，
定语从句中主谓一致
其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。
非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。
非谓语和主语从句作
但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复
主语
数。
就近原则 由either...or...，neither...nor...，not...but...，not only...butalso...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称
和数上保持一致。
主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，but，except，
就远原则 along with，rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要
与前面的主语保持一致。
【典例分析8】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)
Often，only a small part of a museum’s collection 41.____________ (be) on display.Most of it is stored away or
used for research.
答案 is [根据时间状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为only a small part of
a museum’s collection，是单数形式，故此处用is。]
【典例分析9】 (2019·天津卷改编)
Amy，as well as her brothers，____________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
答案 was given [句意：埃米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。A as well as B作主语时，
谓语动词的单复数由A，也就是本题中的Amy决定；由last week可知give表示的动作发生在过去，且
Amy与give是被动关系。]
【典例分析10】 (2020·浙江1月卷)
Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging.The median (中位数的) age of an
American in 1950 56.____________ (be) 30—today it is 41 and is expected 57.to__increase to 42 by 2050.
答案 was [主语The median age，为单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，且此处 in 1950为过去的时
间。]
【典例分析11】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Of 69.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six 70.____________ (be)
stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.
答案 are [主语six后省略了subpopulations，主语为复数，谓语动词要用复数，且由前文 three are
declining可知，应用一般现在时，故应填are。]
策略2：非谓语动词类填空的解答策略
1. 判断非谓语动词形式的基本原则
主被动 逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系时，用v.－ing形式；是动宾关
原则 系时用 v. －ed形式。
时间先后 非谓语动词表示正在进行，用 v. －ing形式；表示已经完成，用
原则 v. －ed形式；表示将来发生的动作，用不定式to do形式。
【典例分析1】 (2020·浙江7月卷)
Later，they learned to work with the 62.seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，63.____________
(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.答案 making [分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词learned，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of
和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式作状语。故填making。]
【典例分析2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e－4 66.____________ (find) and study areas of
the South Pole－Aitken basin.
答案 to find [该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e－4; 空格find
and study areas of the South Pole－Aitken basin作非谓语，动词不定式在句中作目的状语。]
【典例分析3】 (2019·天津卷改编)
Most colleges now offer first－year students a course specially ____________(design) to help them succeed
academically and personally.
答案 designed [句意：如今，大多数大学都为一年级学生开设一门课程，这门课程专门为他们设计，以
帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功。a course与design是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语，故填
designed。]
2. 判断非谓语动词的方法
(1)非谓语动词作状语
现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别
思维定向 解题原则 典例赏析
现在分词 句子的主语是分词动作的发出 Seeing from the top of the hill，we
作状语 者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 find the park even more beautiful.
Seen from the top of the
过去分词 句子的主语是分词动作的承受
mountain，the city is very
作状语
者，则要用过去分词(done)。
beautiful.
【典例分析4】 (2020·山东高考模拟卷)
39. ____________ (follow) by a wedding photographer，the couple made a surprise visit to the hospital before
heading to the reception.
答案 Followed [分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词made，the couple与follow之间是被动关系，
故用过去分词Followed作状语。]
【典例分析5】 (2020·河南省实验中学全真模拟一)
The 5，464－km－long Yellow River breaks the last barrier and flows into the broad plain，____________
(form) the cradle(摇篮) of Chinese civilization.
答案 forming [句意：全长5 464公里的黄河冲破最后一道屏障，流入广阔的平原，形成了中华文明的
摇篮。主语Yellow River与动词form之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填forming。]
(2)不定式作状语
动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓 To raise students’ awareness of traditionalChinese culture，our school will hold
语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 Chinese Chess Contest this Saturday at the
Student Center.
only to do sth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎
We hurried to the station，only to be told
意料的结果，v.－ing作状语表示自然而然的结
that the train had left.
果。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接不定式作状
语。常见词有：happy，lucky，anxious， You will never know how happy I was to see
proud，disappointed，surprised，delighted， her yesterday.
foolish，pleased，fortunate等。
牢记“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”句 As far as I’m concerned，the problem is
式，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 easy to deal with.
【典例分析6】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67.____________ (find) the well－known painter.
答案 to find [句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去
做某事”短语为set out to do sth，后跟不定式作目的状语。故填to find。]
【典例分析7】 He got up early and hurried to the bus station，____________ (catch) the first bus.
答案 catching [catch 是意料之内的结果，故应用 v. －ing作状语，表示自然而然的结果。]
【典例分析8】 He got up early and hurried to the bus station，only ____________ (find) the early train had
gone.
答案 to find [find 是意料之外的结果，应用动词不定式。]
【典例分析9】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Modern methods 63.of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s，and are
expensive 64.____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
答案 to perform [本句含有“sth＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式
用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的
种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。]
(3)非谓语动词作定语
现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作定语的区别
思维定向 解题规则 典例赏析
(1)现在分词作定语表示主
Today there are more airplanes carrying
动、正在进行；
现在分词 more people than ever before in the sky.
(2)若表示被动且正在发生
作定语 The meeting being held now is of great
的动作用being done 结
importance to us all.
构。
过去分词 过去分词作定语表示被 The meeting held yesterday is of great
作定语 动、完成 importance to us all.
动词不定 不定式作后置定语表示动 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of
式作定语 作尚未发生。 great importance to us all.注意：表示心理状态的动词－ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式的形容词，意为
“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
On hearing the exciting news，she shouted in an excited voice.
一听到这个令人激动的消息，她激动地喊了起来。
（4）不定式作后置定语的两种情况
a.由序数词、the only，the last，the next或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
I don’t think Henry is the best man to do the job.
我认为亨利不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
b.当被修饰的名词是ability，attempt，chance，desire，plan，need，intention，way，wish等词时，常用不
定式作定语。
He was lucky to get the good chance to go abroad for further study.
他很幸运得到了那个去国外进修的好机会。
【典例分析10】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
They represent the earth 63.____________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
答案 coming [句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为 represent，所以
这里为非谓语动词。名词 earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填
coming。]
【典例分析11】 (2019·北京卷)
Earth Day，4.____________ (mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about
environmental protection.
答案 marked [本句是主系表结构，由连系动词is可知空格处填非谓语动词形式。mark在这里是“庆祝，
纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日
被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。]
(4)非谓语动词作宾语
a.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
三个希望两答应(hope，wish，expect，agree，promise)
两个要求莫拒绝(demand，ask，refuse)
设法学会做决定(manage，learn，decide/determine)
不要假装在选择(pretend，choose/select)
打算提出俩计划(intend，offer，plan，mean)
申请失败负担起(apply，fail，afford)
准备愿望又碰巧(prepare，desire，happen)This is the reason why he refused to accept the fact.
这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。
此外，afford，happen，threaten，can’t wait to do sth等也要用不定式作宾语。
b.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy，consider，escape，avoid)
不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help，give up，risk)
感激承认很值得(appreciate，admit，be worth)
介意想象莫推延(mind，imagine，delay，put off)
允许完成是期望(allow，permit，finish，look forward to)
建议继续勤操练(suggest，go on，practise)
致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to，excuse，insist on)
继续成功不错过(keep on，succeed in，miss)
Given another ten days，we are sure to finish repairing the machine.
如果再给我们十天，我们肯定会完成机器的修理工作。
Most students object to being charged for parking on the campus.
大多数学生反对在校园里停车收费。
【典例分析12】 (2019·浙江6月卷)
One study in America found that students’ grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms.But some
students didn’t want ____________ (wear) the uniform.
答案 to wear [want to do sth意为“想要做某事”。]
【典例分析13】 (2018·浙江6月卷)
I still remember ____________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt
she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
答案 visiting [分析句子结构可知，remember作谓语，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处
考查remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”，故填visiting。]
【典例分析14】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself，ducking my
head to avoid 64.____________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65.challenged(challenge).
答案 looking [考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故本空填looking。]
(5)非谓语动词作宾语补足语
a.下列动词常用带to的不定式作宾语补足语
advise，allow，appoint，believe，cause，challenge，command，compel，consider，declare，drive，
enable，encourage，forbid，force，hire，instruct，invite，judge，know，like，order，permit等。He commanded us to finish the work in an hour.
他命令我们一个小时内完成这项工作。
Father will not allow us to play in the street.
父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。
b.下列动词常用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语(主动语态中)
使役动词(make，let，have)；感官动词(see，watch，observe，hear，notice)
His mother made him sweep the floor every day.
他母亲让他每天扫地板。
c.过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成
常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，
like等。
The teacher won’t like the problem discussed at the moment.
老师不希望此刻讨论这个问题。
d.现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行
常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语有feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，get，have，keep，
leave，send，set，listen to，look at等。
He stood at the window，from where he could see his classmates playing basketball on the playground.
他站在窗口，从那里他可以看到他的同学在操场上打篮球。
【典例分析15】 (2020·浙江1月卷)
Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging.The median (中位数的) age of an
American in 1950 56.was 30—today it is 41 and is expected 57.____________ (increase) to 42 by 2050.
答案 to increase [分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is expected，且不是并列谓语，故此处考查的是非
谓语动词。固定表达be expected to do sth表示“被期望做某事”，不定式作补足语。故填to increase。]
【典例分析16】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
They make great gifs and you see them many times 65.____________ (decorate) with red envelopes and
messages of good fortune.
答案 decorated [句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作
宾语补足语。]
【典例分析17】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
Once his message was delivered，he allowed me 70.____________ (stay) and watch.
答案 to stay [考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。]
策略3：词性转换策略
如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常变为名词。【典例分析1】 (2020·山东高考模拟卷)
On the morning of her grandson’s wedding，Peg McCormack received some bad news.The 91－year－old was in
the hospital after a fall when she found out she would be unable to attend the 36.____________ (celebrate) in
Madison，New Jersey.
答案 celebration [分析句子结构可知，36空处既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，由空前的the可知，空处需
要填名词形式。故答案为celebration。]
【典例分析2】 (2020·北京卷)
Because of the confidence she inspired in me，I’ve carved out a 3.____________ (success) profession as a
journalist.
答案 successful [profession 为名词，意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词，故填successful。]
策略4：名词的词形变化策略
1.提示词为名词时，主要考查名词复数、名词所有格和名词变形容词。
(1)思维定向与解题规则
思维定向 解题规则
①有数词或these，those，several，many，all，both，
①填名词的复数 various，numerous等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句
②名词前有“one of”时，用名词复数形式。
子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此
时应考虑填名词的复数。 ③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形
式。
②填名词的所有格 ①单数名词和不以－s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加
－’s。
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，
应考虑名词的所有格。 ②以－s或－es结尾的复数名词，形式为－s’或－es’。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.＋－able→ adj.
value→valuable，reason→reasonable
②n.＋－al→ adj.
③填名词的形容词形式 tradition→traditional
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后 ③n.＋－ful→ adj.
面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容
词。
colour→colourful，help→helpful
④n.＋－en→ adj.
wood→wooden，gold→golden
⑤n.＋－y→ adj.
luck→lucky，dust→dusty
(2)名词变复数必记的三条规则
①词尾是－s，－x，－ch，－sh
bus公共汽车→buses
时，一般加－es。
coach 教练→coaches
②词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为 enemy→enemies敌人i，再加－es，元音字母＋y时直接
hobby→hobbies业余爱好
加s。
toy→toys玩具
child→children
foot→feet
man→men
mouse→mice
③复数形式有特殊变化的名词
woman→women
tooth→teeth
criterion(标准)→criteria
medium(传播媒介)→media
【典例分析1】 (2020·浙江7月卷)
Later，they learned to work with the 62.____________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，
63.making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
答案 seasons [根据常识和语境可知，人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼，故填seasons。]
【典例分析2】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10
minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67.____________ (cause).
答案 causes [cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有 all修饰，故填cause的复数形式
causes。]
【典例分析3】 (2018·浙江6月卷)
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese 56.____________ (dish) is seen as
especially troublesome.
答案 dishes [句意：我认识的人似乎很少渴望做饭或有时间做饭。做中国菜被认为是尤其麻烦。名词
dish作“菜肴”解时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故应填dish的复数形式。]
2.熟记名词变动词和形容词的前缀/后缀
前缀/后缀 示例
en－ courage n. 勇气→encourage vt.鼓励
－en strength n. 力气→strengthen vt.加强
－ize apology n. 道歉→apologize v. 道歉
－al nature n. 自然→natural adj.自然的
－y health n. 健康→healthy adj.健康的
－ful help n. 帮助→helpful adj.有帮助的
－ous danger n. 危险→dangerous adj.危险的
－tive impression n. 印象→impressive adj.印象深刻的－ible access n. 进入，使用权，通路→accessible adj.容易取得的
【典例分析4】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)
In the 18th and 19th centuries，36.____________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants，historical
objects and works of art.
答案 wealthy [根据设空处后面的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。]
【典例分析5】 (2019·浙江6月卷)
School uniforms are 65.____________ (tradition) in Britain，but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
答案 traditional [此处形容词作表语，用来说明主语school uniforms的特点。]
【典例分析6】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 68.____________ (strength) your leg muscles
(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.
答案 strengthen [此处to为不定式符号，在句中作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。]
策略5：形容词的词性变化策略
1. 思维定向与解题规则
思维定向 解题规则
形容词转换为副词 若空白处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应填副词形式。
形容词添加词缀变反义 根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un
词 －，im－，dis－等)或否定后缀(－less)变为反义词。
(1)等级判定看标志
①题目中有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，
a great deal，than等标志性词汇用比较级。
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等用最高级。
③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词，用最高级。
形容词转换为比较级、 (2)利用固定句型
最高级
①“the＋比较级. ..，the＋比较级. ..”表示“越……越……”。
②“比较级＋and＋比较级”，表“越来越……”。
③“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有than等标志词，但暗含比较级，也需要用比较级。
【典例分析1】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their
62.____________ (fine) work，so that he could choose the best.
答案 finest [根据句意可知，皇帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。]
【典例分析2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
The far side of the moon is of particular 64.interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so 65.____________ the familiar near side.
答案 than [本句中含有more，空格后为比较对象，因此本空应填than。]
【典例分析3】 (2020·浙江1月卷)
The first is declining birth rates，which means old generations are large 60.compared to younger generations，
and so，on average，the population becomes 61.____________ (old) than before.
答案 older [分析句子结构可知，此处作系动词become的表语，再结合后面的than before可判断出，此
处要用比较级。 故填older。]
【典例分析4】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
He screams the 63.____________ (loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges
toward me.
答案 loudest [根据语境和空后的of all可知，空处应填副词的最高级。]
2.形容词变副词的特别规则
immediate→immediately
以e结尾的一般不去e，直接加－ly
brave→bravely
true→truly
simple→simply
一些以e结尾的形容词去e加－(l)y
gentle→gently
possible→possibly
happy→happily
“辅音字母＋y”结尾，改－y为－i，再加－ly
easy→easily
economic→economically
以－ic结尾，加－ally
basic→basically
【典例分析5】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
As the small boat moved 68.____________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being
silently reflected in the water.
答案 gently [修饰动词moved应使用副词。]
【典例分析6】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been
62.____________(poor) studied.
答案 poorly [此处修饰动词studied，故应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。]
策略6：代词的变化策略
单数
人称
类别
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称 主格 I you he/she/it代词
宾格 me you him/her/it
物主 形容词性 my your his/her/its
代词
名词性 mine yours his/hers/its
反身 himself/herself/
myself yourself
代词 itself
人称 复数
类别
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称 主格 we you they
代词
宾格 us you them
物主 形容词性 our your their
代词
名词性 ours yours theirs
反身代词 ourselves yourselves themselves
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法：
(1)作主语：人称代词主格(I，we，you，he等)
(2)作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me，us，him；them；it等)、名词性物主代词(ours，mine，yours，its等)
(3)作定语：形容词性物主代词(our，my，your，their等)
(4)如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself，yourself，itself等)
(5)填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
(6)that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。
【典例分析1】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)
As well as looking at exhibits ， visitors can play with computer simulations ( 模 拟 ) and imagine
42._____________ (they) living at a different time in history or 43.walking through a rainforest.
答案 themselves [根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词形式，
故答案为themselves。]
【典例分析2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
Data about the moon’s composition，such as how 69.much ice and other treasures it contains，could help China
decide whether 70.____________ (it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
答案 its [此处表示“它的计划”，故用形容词性物主代词its。]
【典例分析3】 (2020·北京卷)
She recognized 2.____________ (I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and showed me
that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm.答案 my [分析句子结构可知，此处的potential是名词，意为“潜力”，故此处应用形容词性物主代词
修饰名词，故填my。]
【典例分析4】 (2019·北京卷)
Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world.Nervously 2.facing challenges，I know I will whisper to
3.____________ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
答案 myself [根据语境以及句子结构可知，空处用反身代词作介词to的宾语。whisper to myself “轻声
告诉自己”。]
【典例分析5】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find 68.____________(they) alive.True to a
gorilla’s unaggressive nature，the huge animal 69.meant(mean) me no real harm.
答案 them [分析句子结构可知，此处作find的宾语，alive为宾语补足语，故此处要用人称代词的宾格。
故填them。]
【策略精练】
1
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is reported that at present a city in Japan has a problem with graffiti(涂鸦). However, it is not the usual
type of graffiti with paint from spray cans 1 (use) to write on walls. It is graffiti in sand.
Officials in the city of Tottori are asking tourists to give up 2 (write) messages and drawing
pictures in the sand of its giant sand dunes (沙丘). The officials say the graffiti causes damage to the dunes, 3
destroys the pleasure others get in looking at the sand.
More than 3,300 cases of "sand graffiti" 4 (occur) at the tourist spot in the past decade. In January,
two overseas tourists were ordered 5 (erase) a 25-meter-long message that read "Happy Birthday
Natalie".
The Tottori Sand Dunes are famous throughout Japan 6 their natural beauty. They are the largest
and longest sand dunes in the country and form part of 7 scenic coastal park on the sea of Japan coast.
The biggest dune is 50 meters high.
The local government wants to improve tourists' understanding of the 8 (important) of the dunes. It
will set up much 9 (many) signs in English, Chinese and Korean asking people to respect the dunes. A
spokesman said, "We are concerned about whether the rules are 10 (complete) understood, and we want
to continue to protect views of the beautiful sand dunes."
【答案】
1. used 2. writing 3. which 4. have occurred 5. to erase 6. for 7. a 8.importance 9. more 10. completely
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了日本出现了严重的涂鸦问题，当地政府希望提高游客对沙丘
重要性的认识，保护沙丘的美丽景观。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这并不是一种常见的用喷漆罐在墙上的涂鸦。分析句子结构可知，空
处在句中作cans的后置定语，与cans之间为被动关系，故填used。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：官员们要求游客们不要再在巨大的沙丘上写写画画了。give up doing为固定
用法，意为“放弃做某事”，故填writing。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：官员们表示，涂鸦对沙丘造成了破坏，破坏了其他人欣赏沙子的乐趣。分析句
子可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。
4. 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的十年里，该旅游景点发生了3300多起“沙子涂鸦”事件。根据时间状
语“in the past decade”可知，此句应该用现在完成时， 故填have occurred。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年1月，两名海外游客被要求删除一条长达25米的“娜塔莉生日快乐”信
息。be ordered to do为固定用法，意为“被要求做某事”，故填to erase。
6. 考查介词。句意：鸟取沙丘以其自然美景闻名于日本。be famous for为固定用法，意为“因......而著
名”，符合句意，故填for。
7. 考查冠词。句意：它们是日本最大最长的沙丘，是日本海海岸一个风景优美的海岸公园的一部分。
scenic coastal park前缺少冠词，此处为泛指，且scenic 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
8. 考查名词。句意：当地政府希望提高游客对沙丘重要性的认识。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此
空应该填名词，故填importance。
9. 考查比较级。句意：政府将设立更多英文、中文和韩文的标志，呼吁人们尊重沙丘。根据句意以及修
饰比较级的much可知，此处应该用形容词比较级，故填more。
10. 考查副词。句意：一位发言人表示：“我们担心这些规定是否被完全理解，我们希望继续保护美丽的
沙丘景观。”此处应该用副词修饰动词understood，故填completely。
2
IT WAS 1:00 a.m. in Tokyo. We’d got lost trying to find our Airbnb, and were now at an address that looked
90% right. There were keys in the letterbox, 11 our host said they’d be. So when the security code
didn’t work, I just grabbed them out through the narrow hole with my hands.
But when I was turning the keys in the lock, the door opened. A lady and her daughter looked out at us,
12 (puzzle). Definitely not our Airbnb then. Amazingly though, they didn’t scream at us, call the police, or
both. For the next 20 minutes, they tried to help us find the right ad dress. And when we turned up nothing, they
formally apologized to us — the foreigners who 13 (try) to break into their home.
In Japan, there are many ways to apologize. The lady used “gomen-nasai,” 14 most peopleuse the more casual “sumimasen.” Often translated as an apologetic “excuse me,” it 15 be heard in
doorways, taxis, shops and restaurants in Japan.
“Only 10% of ‘sumimasen’ is an apology,” 16 Laurie Inokuma, who holds a degree in
Japanese from Cornell University. “Ninety percent is used to show respect, politeness and honesty,” she said. “It’s
an everyday word. When someone does something for you, getting out of your way in the grocery store, or
holding a door, ‘sumimasen’ is the common response.”
Just as easily as a “thank you” or a “sorry”, “sumimasen” is regularly used to acknowledge the trouble
someone has gone to for you. “There’s a modesty in it; 17 (depend) on the situation, it’s either
apologetic or grateful,” Inokuma said.
Erin Niimi Longhurst, a British-Japanese author, agrees. “There’s a culture of apology but also a culture of
thankfulness in Japan,” she said. This year’s World Cup is an example of this level of courtesy: When Japan lost
its final match, the team made headlines when they stayed behind 18 (clean) the entire changing
room. They even left a thank-you note.
If apologies are just one cog (齿轮) in the larger moving wheel of Japanese politeness, where does this
cultural concept come from? “There is a need for politeness in Japan to get along with your neighbors living
above you — it’s a respect for others,” Inokuma said. Japan has some of 19 (densely) packed cities
in the world. 20 there’s a limit on space, it suddenly seems natural to become as considerate as
possible.
【答案】
11. where 12. puzzled 13. had tried 14. while/but 15. can 16. said 17. depending
18. to clean 19. the most densely 20. If/When/Once
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，记叙了作者的一次道歉经历，从而介绍了日本的“道歉文化”。
11. 考查定语从句。句意：我们房东说，信箱里有几把钥匙。 本句是非限定性定语从句，对letterbox进
行补充说明，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
12. 考查过去分词作定语。句意：一位女士和她的女儿很迷惑的看着我们。分析知不缺少成分，由上下文
知母女对这位陌生的来客很是困惑，故使用过去分词作定语修饰A lady and her daughter，表示一种状态。
puzzle的过去分词为puzzled，故填puzzled。
13. 考查过去完成时。句意：我们什么也没表示时，他们先正式向我们道歉——那些试图闯入他们家的外
国人。由前文知作者已经试图闯入，用完成时，又因文章所述事件发生在过去，故用过去完成时。故填
had tried。
14. 考查连词。大意：在日本，有很多方法可以道歉。这位女士使用“gomen-nasai”，但大多数人使用更
随意的“sumimasen”。由前后语境可知，具有转折对比的意味，but意为“但是”，while表示前后对比，二者皆可。故填but/while。
15. 考查情态动词的一般用法。句意：它经常被翻译成道歉的口头语的“抱歉”，在日本的门口，出租车，
商店和餐馆中可以经常听到。分析句子结构，此处缺少谓语动词，情态动词can意为“可能，可以”。故
填can。
16. 考查动词。句意：“只有10％的'sumimasen'是道歉，”拥有康奈尔大学的日语学位的Laurie Inokuma
说道。引号之中为Laurie Inokuma的观点，根据一般写作习惯，应为Laurie Inokuma说的话。故填said。
17. 考查独立主格及动词词组固定搭配。句意：“它有谦虚的含义，取决于具体的情况，无论是抱歉还是
感激，”Inokuma说。此句主句成分完整，无连词连接，判断使用非谓语。depending为独立主格结构，
depend on为固定搭配，意为“取决于”。故填depending。
18. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当日本队输掉了最后一场比赛时，球队留下来为了清洁整个更衣室，成为头
条新闻。分析句子可知，谓语动词为stay，故此处应为非谓语，由句意知他们留下来的“目的”是打扫更
衣室，to表目的意为“为了”。故填to clean。
19. 考查副词最高级。句意：日本拥有世界上最密集的城市。结合文意及前后无明显具体的比较对象，知
其为最高级，又因densely为多音节词语，最高级形式为the most densely。故填the most densely。
20. 考查状语从句。句意：如果/当/一旦有空间限制，这种现象就很自然会被考虑到。前句“有空间限
制”，后句“这种现象就很自然会被考虑到”，结合句意可知此处为开放性试题，可引导条件状语从句
或时间状语从句。If意为“如果”，引导的条件状语从句；When意为“当……时”，引导的时间状语从
句；Once意为“一旦……就……”，引导时间状语从句，用If/When/Once均能表达出具体含义。故可填
If/When/Once。
3
You may have heard of the Red Cross. It is an 21 (organize) that helps people who are in need no
matter 22 bad the situation is ! But if not for the passion of a young woman named Clara Barton, the
American Red Cross may have never been formed!
One day when she was 11 years old, her elder brother was 23 (terrible) injured. He was ill for two
years. Clara cared for him 24 whole time. Through this experience she found out that she came alive when
she cared for others.
Soon, Clara began taking care of injured animals. Neighbors began bringing their pets to her. And, almost
always, she made them better.
When she was older, she became a nurse in the American Civil War and she helped save hundreds of 25
(soldier).
After the Civil War, Clara traveled to Europe to rest. 26 that did not last long. Soon she was caring
for 27 (wound) people in battle once again! But this time, she learned about the Red Cross who workedalongside her on the battlefield. Their mission was to help those who needed it most.
She decided that the Red Cross 28 (need) in America. Over several years, she asked 4 different
presidents 29 (bring) the Red Cross to America. They all said no. But then, thanks
30 her persistence(坚持), one of the presidents changed his mind! And the American Red Cross was
born.
【答案】
21. organization 22. how 23. terribly 24. the 25. soldiers 26. But 27. wounded
28. was needed 29. to bring 30. to
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国红十字会成立的历史。Clara Barton在11岁时照顾她生病的哥
哥，之后还照顾着一些受伤的小动物。当她长大后，她在美国内战时照顾了受伤的士兵，最后在她的坚
持和努力下，美国红十字会终于诞生了。
21. 考查名词。句意：这是一个会帮助那些无论情况多糟糕的人的组织。冠词an后应接名词。故填
organization。
22. 考查固定搭配。句意：这是一个会帮助那些无论情况多糟糕的人的组织。no matter how为固定搭配，
意为无论怎样。故填how。
23. 考查副词。句意：当她11岁的时候，她的哥哥受了非常严重的伤。was injured为动词，需副词对其
修饰。故填terribly。
24. 考查固定搭配。句意：一直以来Clara都在照顾她的哥哥。the whole time意为整个时间，一直。故填
the。
25. 考查名词。句意：当她长大后，她成为了一名美国内战时的护士。她帮助拯救了成百上千的士兵。
Hundreds of意为成百上千的，of后的名词需用复数形式。故填soldiers。
26. 考查连词。句意：内战结束后，Clara去欧洲旅游休假，但这并没有持续很长时间。第五段提到
“Soon she was caring for… in battle once again!” Clara去了欧洲休假，但她又开始帮助那些在战争中受伤
的人。说明她的休假并没有维持很久。因此需填一个转折意味的连词，说明前后内容的转折。故填But。
27. 考查形容词。句意：很快她又开始帮助那些在战争中受伤的人。people意味人们，是名词，该词前需
要形容词对其进行修饰。故填wounded。
28. 考查被动语态。句意：她决定在美国也需要红十字会。在从句中America应是动作的执行者，因此
Red cross做主语时应使用被动语态，故填was needed。
29. 考查固定结构。句意：这段时间以来，她请求4名总统将红十字会带去美国。ask sb. to do sth.意为请
求做某事。故填to bring。
30. 考查固定搭配。句意：但由于她的坚持，其中一个总统改变了他的想法。thanks to意为由于、幸亏。
故填to。4
Swimming way to success
What does it take to graduate from a university? Many 31 say all you have to do is take classes and
pass the exams. Well, it requires more than it if you’re a student at Tsinghua University.
Starting this September, freshmen at the university will have to take swimming courses. If they fail a
swimming test at the beginning of their university course, they won’t receive their degree 32 they can pass
the test successfully, according to an announcement by Tsinghua University president Qiu Yong.
Exceptions 33 (allow) for students with certain physical or mental conditions, if proved by medical
staff.
Liu Bo, head of the Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, explained 34 the university is
linking swimming ability with degrees.
“As a requisite(必要的) survival skill, swimming is beneficial for students in the long run, since swimming is
helpful in improving students’ endurance and is 35 (harmful) to joints(关节) and muscles as a water sport,”
he told China Daily.
Viewing the ability 36 (swim) as a must for students is not something new to this university - it was
also a requirement in the early 20th century.
It was later dropped 37 a rising number of students and a lack of facilities. Besides Tsinghua
University, Peking University and Xiamen University have also listed swimming as a compulsory course for
students.
However, the announcement has caused a heated debate.
Some welcomed the new rule, saying it’s a necessary skill that can save lives. “Swimming is a
fundamental(基本的) skill. It’s a way to stay healthy and is lifesaving in emergency situations. I believe making
38 mandatory(强制的) is necessary,” Yuan Jiaxiang, a junior in Tsinghua’s Department of Civil Engineering,
told China Daily.
However, some said it has nothing to do with getting a degree. “It’s not reasonable to require people to be
able to swim for them to graduate,” Zheng Xiaoyu, a high school student from the Middle School Affiliated to
Northern Jiaotong University, told China Daily. “For a lot of people who grew up in inland cities, learning how to
swim as an adult will be difficult.”
In fact, Chinese universities are not the only education organizations 39 encourage their students to
swim. A few colleges in the United States - including Cornell, Columbia and MIT - offer swim classes to students.
“Anything 40 (prevent) people from dying needlessly is a valuable skill,” Fred DeBruyn, director of
aquatics(水上运动) at Cornell, told The New York Times.【答案】
31. may/might 32. until 33. will be allowed 34. why 35. less harmful 36. to swim 37.
due to/because of/owing to 38. it 39. that 40. preventing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍游泳成功之道。
31. 考查情态动词。句意：许多人可能会说，你所要做的就是上课并通过考试。此处指不是很确定，故填
may/might。
32. 考查not---until引导的时间状语从句。句意：据清华大学校长邱勇宣布，如果他们在大学课程开始时
的游泳考试中不及格，那么他们只有通过考试才能获得学位。按照句义，他们将得不到他们的学位除非
能成功通过考试，所以这里是not...until...“直到------才”引导的时间状语从句。故填until。
33. 考查一般将来时态的被动语态。句意：有一定身体或精神状况的学生，经医务人员证明，可以例外。
首先确定本句没有谓语，应该是谓语动词，然后是例外会被允许，最后确定if条件状语从句中的主将从
现，所以用一般将来时态的被动语态。故填will be allowed。
34. 考查宾语从句。句意：体育科学与教育部部长刘波解释了为什么学校将游泳能力与学位联系起来。解
释之后应该是解释为什么，所以是why引导的宾语从句。故填why。
35. 考查形容词比较级。句意：游泳作为一项必不可少的生存技能，从长远来看对学生是有益的，因为作
为一项水上运动，游泳有助于提高学生的耐力，对关节和肌肉的伤害较小。这里在讲游泳的好处，所以
应是harmful 的降级比较级less harmful to joints and musles，故填less harmful。
36. 考查动词不定式做后置定语。句意：将游泳能力视为学生必须具备的能力，这对这所大学来说并不新
鲜——在20世纪初，这也是一种要求。固定搭配：the ability to do sth, 做某事的能力。故填to swim。
37. 考查固定短语。句意：后来，由于学生人数的增加和设施的缺乏，这个项目被取消了。这件事情后来
被放下了，由于......原因，所以填due to/because of/owing to。
38. 考查代词it。句意：我认为强制执行是必要的。这里是it作making的宾语，把这件事变为强制的是很
必要的，it代指游泳。故填it。
39. 考查定语从句。句意：事实上，中国的大学并不是唯一鼓励学生游泳的教育机构。此处organizations
是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺主语和引导词，理论上应该用that/which引导定语从句,但是前面有
the only修饰先行词,所以只能填that。
40. 考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：任何防止人们无谓死亡的方法都是一种宝贵的技能。句子中已经有
谓语动词is，所以这里应是非谓语动词，“任何阻止人们死亡的事情”是主动，所以用现在分词作后置定
语。故填doing。
5
This is the River Thames. It is almost 346 kilometres long, and is the second 41 （long）river in
Great Britain. It flows through London, and it’s this part of the river that most 42 （tourist）see.But there’s more to the Thames than a trip down the river. The Romans 43 （build）a settlement on
the River Thames, and over the 44 （century）it grew into the City of London, with 45 huge port.
Ships from around the world brought food, goods and people 46 the capital.
But by the 1980s, most of the docks had closed and the area became run-down. A lot of money has been
invested in this huge riverside area. And today it is 47 （know）as “ Docklands” . The old water houses
are now 48 （attract）apartments. There are new office buildings, shopping centres and leisure facilities,
too. People live and work by the river 49 （happy）.
People also enjoy 50 （live）on the water！This is a houseboat on the Thames.
【答案】
41. longest 42. tourists 43. built 44. centuries 45. a 46. to 47. known 48.
attractive 49. happily 50. living
【解析】本文为说明文。泰晤士河长近346公里，是大不列颠第二长河。起初罗马人在泰晤士河畔建造
了一个定居点，几个世纪后它发展成为伦敦市。
41. 考查形容词最高级。句意：它的长度将近346公里，是大不列颠第二长河。根据句意可知此处应用最
高级。故填longest。
42. 考查名词的数。tourist意为“游客”，为可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。故填tourists。
43. 考查动词的时态。根据语境可知此处叙述过去发生的动作，因此用一般过去时。故填built。
44. 考查名词的数。此处指在几个世纪期间，它发展成了伦敦市。century为可数名词，根据句意可知应
用其复数形式。故填centuries。
45. 考查冠词。此处表示数量“一”的概念，且huge的第一个音素是辅音，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。
46. 考查介词。句意：来自世界各地的轮船把食物、商品和人员带到首都。bring...to...把……带到……故
填to。
47. 考查固定短语。be known as作为……而出名；被称为。故填known。
48. 考查词性转换。此处作定语修饰名词apartments, 故用形容词形式。故填attractive。
49. 考查词性转换。句意：人们快乐地在河边生活和工作。此处作状语，应用副词形式。故填happily。
50. 考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事。故填living。
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过三个单词)。
Good morning, everyone. This is Chris at the school radio station.
As we all know, psychological health is as important as physical health. However, it’s quite 51 (worry)
that many of us are suffering from poor psychological health. We’ve interviewed some psychology teachers at our
school, and they’ve given us some advice on how 52 (improve) psychological health.Firstly, you can share your concerns with people you trust, 53 support and care may help you get 54
the difficulties. Besides, learn to view trouble 55 (wise) as everyone meets with difficulties now and then.
Remind 56 (you) that only those who are confident and determined can go far and be more 57
(prepare). Lastly, when 58 (feel) sad for a long time, you’d better go to the mental guide room without
59 (hesitate), where practical advice will 60 (offer) to help ease your pressure.
The world is just what you think it is. Learn to control your own world!
Thank you for listening.
【答案】
51. worrying 52. to improve 53. whose 54. over/through 55. wisely 56. yourself 57.
prepared 58. feeling 59. hesitation 60. be offered
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些改善心理健康的建议。
51. 考查形容词。句意：然而，令人担忧的是，我们中的许多人正遭受着糟糕的心理健康。修饰下文
many of us are suffering from poor psychological health这件事应用-ing结尾形容词，故填worrying。
52. 考查固定结构。句意：我们采访了我们学校的一些心理老师，他们给了我们一些关于如何改善心理健
康的建议。本句为宾语从句，且为“疑问代词+不定式”结构，表示“如何改善”，故填to improve。
53. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：首先，你可以和你信任的人分享你的担忧，他们的支持和关心可以帮助
你克服/度过困难。本句为定语从句修饰先行词people，且先行词在从句中做定语，故填whose。
54. 考查固定短语。句意同上。固定短语get over/through“克服；熬过”，故填over/through。
55. 考查副词。句意：此外，学会明智地看待问题，因为每个人都会遇到困难。view为动词需要副词修饰，
故填wisely。
56. 考查反身代词。句意：提醒自己，只有那些有信心和决心的人才能走得更远，准备更充分。根据句意
可知表示“提醒你自己”应用反身代词，故填yourself。
57. 考查形容词。句意同上。根据上文be more可知应填形容词作表语，故填prepared。
58. 考查省略句。句意：最后，当你长时间感到悲伤时，你最好毫不犹豫地去心理辅导室，那里会提供实
用的建议来帮助你缓解压力。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless,
where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。从句完整为when （you are）
feeling sad for a long time，故填feeling。
59. 考查名词。句意同上。without为介词后跟名词做宾语，故填hesitation。
60. 考查动词时态语态。句意：最后，当你长时间感到悲伤时，你最好毫不犹豫地去心理辅导室，那里会
提供实用的建议来帮助你缓解压力。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文will后跟动词原形，
故填be offered。
7阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于三个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once a man was walking along a beach. The sun was shining and it was a beautiful day. In the distance he
could see a person 61 (go) back and forth between the surf’s edge 62 the beach. As the man
approached, he could see there were hundreds of starfish stranded on the sand as a result of the natural 63
(act) of the tide.
The man 64 (stick) by the apparent uselessness of the task.There were far too many starfish. Many
of them were sure to die. As he approached, the person continued the task of 65 (pick) up the starfish
one by one and throwing them into the ocean.
As he came up to the person, he said, “You must be crazy. There are 66 (thousand) of miles of
beach 67 (cover) with starfish. You can’t 68 (possible) make any difference.” The person
looked at the man. He then bent down and picked up one 69 (many) starfish and threw it back into the
ocean. He turned back to the man and said, “It surely made 70 difference to that one！”
【答案】
61. going 62. and 63. action 64. was stuck 65. picking 66. thousands 67. covered
68. possibly 69. more 70. a
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。成百上千的海星由于自然的潮汐而搁浅在沙滩上，有一个人来来回回穿梭在
海滩和海浪之间，将垂死的海星一个个扔回海里，有人不解，说这是不起作用的，但他说对于他救起来
的海星来说，肯定是有作用的。
61. 考查非谓语动词。句意：远处，他看见一个人在海浪和海滩之间来回走动。该句使用“see + 宾语
+宾补”结构，所设空处作宾补，所给词“go(走动)”与宾语之间为主动关系，且表示正在进行的动作，所
以应用现在分词形式，故填going。
62. 考查固定短语。句意：远处，他看见一个人在海浪和海滩之间来回走动。根据句意，“between…
and…(在......之间)”为固定搭配，故填and。
63. 考查名词。句意：当这个人走近时，他看到成百上千只海星由于潮汐的自然作用搁浅在沙滩上。分析
句子成分可知，所设空处作介词“as a result of”的宾语，所以应用名词，故填action。
64. 考查固定短语。句意：这个人被这项显然毫无用处的任务难住了。根据句意可知，“被……困住”可
用固定短语be stuck by …，根据上下文语境，应用一般过去时，故填was stuck。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当他走近时，那个人继续把海星一个个捡起来扔进海里。根据其前的介词of
可知，此处应用动名词形式作介词宾语，故填picking。
66. 考查名词。句意：数千英里的海滩上布满了海星。“thousand(千)”前面不加具体数字,与of连用时，
通常用复数形式，构成短语“thousands of(数千的)”，故填thousands。
67. 考查非谓语动词。句意：数千英里的海滩上布满了海星。分析句子成分可知，“___7____ (cover)with starfish”作后置定语，所给词“cover(覆盖)”与“beach(海滩)”之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词，
故填covered。
68. 考查副词。句意：你这样做起不了什么作用。分析句子结构可知，所设空处作状语，修饰谓语动词，
应用副词形式，故填possibly。
69. 考查比较级。句意：然后，他弯下腰又捡起一只海星扔回了海里。在数词之后，more（adj.）表示
“ 附加的，额外的”，符合语境，“one more starfish”意为“又一只海星”，故填more。
70. 考查固定短语。句意：他转身对那个人说:“这对它肯定起了作用!”根据句意，“make a difference”为固
定短语，意为“有影响，起作用”，故填a。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
8
During the 71 (twenty) century , the temperature of the earth 72 (rise) about one
degree Fahrenheit. It is a rapid increase when compared 73 other natural changes .
There is no doubt 74 the earth is becoming warmer. Scientists believe 75 is human
activity that has caused this global warming. The increase in the earth's temperature is due to the 76
(burn) of fossil fuels. Some byproducts of this process 77 (call) “greenhouse” gases, the most
important one of 78 is carbon dioxide. Without the “greenhouse effect”, the earth would be thirty-three
degree Celsius 79 (cool) than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge
quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, causing the global temperature 80 (go) up.
【答案】
71. twentieth 72. rose 73. to/with 74. that 75. it 76. burning 77. are called 78.
which 79. cooler 80. to go
【解析】这是一篇说明文。20世纪，地球的温度上升了1华氏度。科学家们认为是人类活动导致了地球
变暖，因为矿物的燃烧导致过多的二氧化碳排放到了大气层中。
71. 考查序数词。句意：在20世纪，地球的温度上升了1华氏度。“在20世纪”是按时间顺序记时的，
应用序数词。故填twentieth。
72. 考查时态。句意同上。“在20世纪”提示了我们这句话时态使用一般过去时。故填rose。
73. 考查介词。句意：与其它自然变化相比，这是一个很快的升高。“be compared to/with”是固定表达,意
为“”与……相比，这里是when (it is）compared to/with的省略形式。故填to/with。
74. 考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问地球正在变得更暖和。There is no doubt that… “毫无疑问”是固定
句型。故填that。
75. 考查强调句。句意：科学家们认为是人类活动导致了全球变暖。强调句句式结构为“it is
…that/who…”，本句去掉is和that后句子不缺成份，所以说是宾语从句中嵌套了强调句。故填it。76. 考查动名词。句意：地球温度的升高是由于化石燃料的燃烧。空格前有定冠词，空格后是介词，所以
空格处填名词形式。所给出的单词为动词，所以填动名词形式。故填burning。
77. 考查被动语态。句意：一些副产品被叫做温室气体，其中最重的一种是二氧化碳。分析句子成分可知，
句子缺少谓语动词，且根据句意，应使用被动语态。全文使用的时态为一般现在时，且主语Some
byproducts为复数形式，故填are called。
78. 考查定语从句。句意同上。根据句意可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为gases，从句缺少主语用于
of后，故填which。
79. 考查形容词比较级。句意：没有温室效应，地球将比现在凉快33摄氏度。由空格后的than可知此处
用比较级。故填cooler。
80. 考查不定式。句意：当我们把大量的二氧化碳排入空气的时候，问题就出现了，导致地球温度上升。
cause… to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“导致……做某事”，故填to go。
9
Thailand’s leader traveled to the northern city of Chiang Mai earlier this week to personally inspect areas
with 81 (extreme) poor air quality.
Prime Minister Prayuth ordered govemmeat agencies to fight the air pollution 82 has reached
dangerous levels Recently, pollution levels in and around Chiang Mai 83 (rise) above those of major
world cities known 84 having poor air quality. Much of Chiang Mai’s current t pollution is a result of
farmers 85 (bum)crops. Many farmers set fires at this time of year as a way 86 (clear)land
for planting. Agriculture experts say the air pollution is 87 (bad)this year than last year because of
terribly dry weather.
“We need to work on a long-term 88 (solve)with understanding from the public,” Prayuth said. “
We need time to change the way we farm 89 grow crops. ” He said officials had given out nearly two
million face 90 (mask)to people in affected areas.
【答案】
81. extremely 82. which 83. have risen 84. for 85. burning 86. to clear 87. worse
88. solution 89. and 90. masks
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。泰国领导人本星期早些时候前往北部城市清迈，亲自视察空气质量极差
的地区。泰国总理Prayuth下令政府机构与空气污染作斗争。文章描述了污染源以及应采取的措施。
81. 考查副词。此处poor是形容词，由副词修饰，extreme是形容词，它的副词是extremely。故答案为
extremely。
82. 考查定语从句。句意：泰国总理Prayuth下令政府机构与空气污染作斗争。此处pollution是先行词，
指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为which。83. 考查现在完成时态。句意：最近，清迈及其周边地区的空气污染已经达到危险水平，已经超过了以空
气质量差而闻名的世界主要城市。根据Recently可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是levels，复数形式，
故答案为have risen。
84. 考查固定词组。句意：最近，清迈及其周边地区的空气污染已经达到危险水平，已经超过了以空气质
量差而闻名的世界主要城市。固定词组：be known for“因------而闻名”。故答案为for。
85. 考查动名词作介词宾语。句意：清迈目前的大部分污染是农民焚烧农作物造成的。此处是动名词复合
结构砸在介词of后面作宾语。故答案为burning。
86. 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意：许多农民在每年的这个时候放火作为一种为种植清理土地的方法。
此处是动词不定式作后置定语，故答案为to clear。
87. 考查比较级。句意：农业专家表示，由于极端干燥的天气，今年的空气污染比去年更严重。根据than
可知句子用比较级，故答案为worse。
88. 考查名词。句意：我们需要在公众理解的情况下制定一个长期的解决方案。此处long-term是形容词，
再根据前面的a，可知此处用单数可数名词，故答案为solution。
89. 考查并列连词。句意：我们需要时间来改变我们耕种和种植农作物的方式。此处是并列谓语，用and
连接，故答案为and。
90. 考查名词复数。句意：他说，官员已经向受灾地区的人们发放了近200万个口罩。根据two million可
知名词用复数形式，故答案为masks。
10
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years, doctors 91 (recognize) that childbirth can have a big effect on a woman’s
mind and body. Many women experience a time of sadness 92 they give birth to a baby. This is called
the baby blues, or postnatal depression.
Doctors do not know the exact cause of postnatal depression. But they believe that an imbalance of brain
chemicals 93 (be) probably the cause. Hormones are 94 (nature) body chemicals. They
affect a person’s emotions. Immediately after pregnancy, a woman’s hormone 95 (level) change a lot.
So, a woman’s emotions and ways of thinking also change a lot.
Other brain chemicals also influence the way a person feels. They 96 (physical) affect the brain.
They make a person feel depressed. There are ways to fix and balance these brain chemicals.
Some medicines, 97 (call) anti-depressants, can help to treat postnatal depression. But these
medicines may cost a lot of money. And not all people can get them. However, there are ways that women may be
able to treat and recover from these sicknesses without medicine.
If you are a new mother 98 (suffer) from the baby blues or postnatal depression you should knowthat you are not alone. Other women have had 99 same experiences. They have lived to have happy and
healthy lives. If you are a husband, friend, or family member of a new mother, you should know that you can
help! You can support the new mother. You can share the information 100 her. You can help her find
hope.
【答案】
91. have recognized 92. after 93. is 94. natural 95. levels 96. physically 97. called
98. suffering 99. the 100. with
【解析】本文为说明文。几千年来，医生们已经认识到分娩对妇女的身心有很大的影响。许多女性在生
完孩子后都会经历一段悲伤的时光。这被称为产后抑郁。文章对这此进行了介绍。
91. 考查时态。句意：几千年来，医生们已经认识到分娩对妇女的身心有很大的影响。根据句意及时间状
语For thousands of years可知，此处应使用现在完成时。故填have recognized。
92. 考查连词。句意：许多女性在生完孩子后都会经历一段悲伤的时光。根据句意可知，此处应使用连词
after“在……之后”。故填after。
93. 考查主谓一致。句意：但是他们相信大脑化学物质的不平衡可能是原因。主语是an imbalance，且描
述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填is。
94. 考查形容词。句意：荷尔蒙是天然的身体化学物质。此处应使用形容词做定语，意为“天然的”。故
填natural。
95. 考查名词。句意：怀孕后，女性的荷尔蒙水平会发生很大的变化。根据句意可知，此处应使可数名词
level“水平”的复数形式。故填levels。
96. 考查副词。句意：它们会影响大脑。此处修饰动词affect，应使用副词形式。故填physically。
97. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一些被称为抗抑郁药的药物可以帮助治疗产后抑郁症。此处与anti-
depressants是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词做定语，表被动。故填called。
98. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你是一个患有产后抑郁症的新妈妈，你应该知道你并不孤单。此处与
mother是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词做定语，表主动。故填suffering。
99. 考查冠词。句意：其她女性也有同样的经历。same前要加定冠词。故填the。
100. 考查介词。句意：你可以和她分享这些信息。share sth. with sb.“和某人分享某事”。故填with。
11
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, people are understanding the need to solve the climate and biodiversity problem. Poor
ecosystems, forest fires, Covid-19 and more extreme weather events are showing us that the destruction of the
natural world is greatly impacting on the planet. 101 , it is time to take action.
Rainforest Concern 102 (establish) in 1993 aims to protect endangered natural habitats, thebiodiversity they contain, and the people who depend on them for their 103 (survive). For over 20
years, Rainforest Concern 104 (protect) threatened cloud forests in north-west Ecuador, within the
global biodiversity hot spot, 105 contains one-sixth of all plant life on the planet.
One of the most immediate threats to the bio-region is heavy industry, resulting in polluted rivers and the
106 (disappear) of hectares of forest, massively impacting on regional climatic conditions and 107
(potential) putting even more species on Red List.
To protect the cloud forests from threats, Rainforest Concern supports community reserves and has created a
private reserve, 108 (focus) on forming ecological passages to connect existing protected areas. These
measures are all helping to protect the weak cloud forest ecosystem from 109 (damage) and stop the
reduction of its wildlife. But it takes money 110 (keep) going, and with more human pressures on the
region, threats are increasing, and the forests and our planet are running out of time.
【答案】
101. Therefore/Thus 102. established 103. survival 104. has been protecting/has protected
105. which 106. disappearance 107. potentially 108. focusing 109. being damaged 110.
to keep
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个叫做“Rainforest Concern”的组织在保护环境方面所采取
的措施和取得的成效。
101. 考查副词。句意：所以，是时候采取行动了。根据上文可知，设空前讲述了目前恶劣的生态系统、
森林火灾、Covid-19以及更多的极端天气事件向我们表明，自然世界的破坏正在对地球产生巨大影响；
下文提到是时候采取行动了；所以结合设空前后语意可知，设空前后为因果关系，设空前是因，设空后
是果；设空后有逗号，所以此处应用表示结果的副词；表示结果的副词用therefore/thus；设空处位于句首，
所以首字母要大写。故填Therefore/Thus。
102. 考查非谓语动词。句意：建立于1993年的雨林关注旨在保护濒危的自然栖息地、它们所包含的生物
多样性以及赖以生存的人们。分析句子成分可知，Rainforest Concern作主语，aims作谓语；提示词
establish是动词，意为“建立”，所以提示词在此处作非谓语动词；根据句意可知，establish与其逻辑主
语Rainforest Concern之间为被动关系；所以要用过去分词形式，establish的过去分词形式是established。
故填established。
103. 考查名词。句意：建立于1993年的雨林关注旨在保护濒危的自然栖息地、它们所包含的生物多样性
以及赖以生存的人们。分析句子结构可知，提示词前有形容词性物主代词their，应与名词连用；提示词
survive是动词，意为“生存”，其名词形式是survival。故填survival。
104. 考查时态。句意：20多年来，雨林关注组织一直在保护厄瓜多尔西北部受威胁的云层森林，该地区是全球生物多样性热点地区，它拥有地球上六分之一的植物生命。提示词protect意为“保护”，是动词；
分析句子结构可知，Rainforest Concern 作主语，提示词protect作谓语；根据时间状语For over 20 years
可知，此处应用完成时态；根据句意可知，此处意为“保护”这个动作从过去发生一直持续到现在，而
且还会继续保持下去；所以此处可以用现在完成时或现在完成进行时表示；现在完成时的结构是has/have
done；现在完成进行时的结构是has/have been doing；主语Rainforest Concern是第三人称单数形式，所以
助动词用has，protect的过去分词是protected，现在分词是protecting。故填has been protecting/has
protected。
105. 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：20多年来，雨林关注组织一直在保护厄瓜多尔西北部受威胁的云层
森林，该地区是全球生物多样性热点地区，它拥有地球上六分之一的植物生命。分析句意可知，设空处
指代前文的名词north-west Ecuador，且在设空后的句子中作主语，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，
north-west Ecuador做先行词；在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系
代词which引导。故填which。
106. 考查名词。句意：生物区面临的最直接威胁之一是重工业，造成河流污染和数公顷森林消失，对区
域气候条件造成巨大影响，并有可能将更多物种列入红色名单。分析句子结构可知，设空前有定冠词the,
设空后有介词of，所以此处应用名词形式，提示词 disappear意为“消失”，是动词，其名词形式是
“disappearance”。故填disappearance。
107. 考查副词。句意：生物区面临的最直接威胁之一是重工业，造成河流污染和数公顷森林消失，对区
域气候条件造成巨大影响，并有可能将更多物种列入红色名单。提示词potential意为“有可能的”，是形
容词；分析句意可知，提示词用于修饰其后的动词putting,修饰动词要用副词形式；potential的副词形式
是potentially。故填potentially。
108. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护云森林免受威胁，雨林关注组织支持社区保护区，并创建了一个
私人保护区，重点关注形成生态通道，连接现有的保护区。提示词focus，意为“重点关注”，是动词；
分析句子结构可知，Rainforest Concern 作主语，supports和has created作并列谓语，除and做并列连词，
连接两个谓语动词之外，句中没有其他连词，所以提示词作非谓语动词；分析句意可知，focus的逻辑主
语是Rainforest Concern，且两者之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词形式；focus的现在分词形式是
focusing。故填focusing。
109. 考查固定搭配、现在分词的被动结构；句意：这些措施都有助于保护弱云森林生态系统不受破坏，
阻止其野生动物的减少。提示词damage意为“破坏”，是动词；分析句子可知，此处考查固定结构
protect…from doing，意为“保护……免受……”；所以设空处应用动名词形式；分析句意可知，设空处
意为“受破坏”，是被动概念，所以要用被动结构；动名词的被动结构是being +过去分词；damage的过
去分词形式是damaged。故填being damaged。110. 考查固定句型。句意：但这需要资金才能继续下去，而且随着该地区面临更多的人类压力，威胁正
在增加，森林和我们的地球正在耗尽时间。提示词keep意为“继续”，是动词；分析句子可知，此处考
查固定句型it takes +时间/金钱+to do sth.意为“花费时间/金钱做某事”，所以设空处要用to do形式，即
to keep。故填to keep。
12
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 111
Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and
112 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 113 （they）
ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t
know it 114 （break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 115
（secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 116 （base） on their language, which
only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could
understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers
promised 117 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 118 （die）.
The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 119 the Navajo language. And the code,
120 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific.
【答案】
111. the 112. learned/learnt 113. their 114. had been broken 115. secrets 116. based
117. to keep 118. deaths 119. about 120. which
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。
111. 考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战，序数词前面要用定冠词 the。故填the。
112. 考查时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情，所以此处用一般过去时
learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。
113. 考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流，修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词
their。故填their。
114. 考查时态及语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it可
知，美国人破解了密码，但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn’t know之前，故本空
应用过去完成时，且根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故填 had been broken。
115. 考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密，秘密不可能是一个，应用复数 secrets。故填
secrets。
116. 考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍印第安人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on意为“以……为基础”，本空应用过去分词based。故填based。
117. 考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”，本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。
118. 考查名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语，并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以用名词复数。
故填deaths。
119. 考查介词。根据语境可知，他们对纳瓦霍印第安人的语言一无所知。know nothing about...意为
“对……一无所知”，本空应介词 about。故填about。
120. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the code, 关系词在从句中作主语，
应用which。故填which。
13
Reading classic literature 121 （write）by native speakers can improve your English language skills in
several ways. 122 ，this will not happen by magic：only if you read the book 123 （careful）and think
about what you are reading. First，if you concentrate hard，you will not only 124 （large）your
vocabulary，but also begin to appreciate slight differences in meaning between words. Second， 125 you
examine the language attentively，you can learn to appreciate different English writing 126 （style）. The
light and ironic style of Jane Austen is quite different from 127 serious and intense style of Charlotte Bronte
though both of them are great writers of English.
Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb 128 （it）full benefit. Read
it once 129 （understand）the story，once again to appreciate the way the characters are described and the
story develops and finally to become really familiar 130 the new vocabulary and expressions. Above all，
enjoy the stories. Happy reading!
【答案】
121. written 122. However 123. carefully 124. enlarge 125. if/when 126. styles 127.
the 128. its 129. to understand 130. with
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述阅读经典文学可以从几个方面提高你的英语语言能力。并且讲述了
阅读的方法。
121. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用非谓语动词，由空格后的by判断是被动，所以用
过去分词形式。故填written。
122. 考查副词。句意：然而，这并不会像魔法一样发生。单个词位于句首且有逗号，一般是副词，根据
句意可知，前后句意是转折关系。故填however。
123. 考查副词。句中“read the book”是动词短语,应该用副词修饰。故填carefully。
124. 考查谓语动词。根据空格前面的will可知此处应该用动词原形，large的动词形式是enlarge。故填
enlarge。125. 考查连词。句意：如果你仔细检查语言/当你仔细检查语言，你就能学会欣赏不同的语言风格。联系
上下文可知，本句句式和它的前一句保持一致，前面的句子用if引导条件状语从句，此句也可以这样用。
另外，此处用连词when也符合语法和语境。故填if/when。
126. 考查名词的数。style为可数名词，此处没有冠词或其他修饰词，根据“可数名词不能以单数形式单
独存在”可判断出此处用它的复数形式泛指一类事物。故填styles。
127. 考查冠词。此处把两个人的写作风格进行对比，那么每个人的风格都是特指，且根据前文的The
light and ironic style of Jane Austen，也可判断出此处用定冠词。故填the。
128. 考查形容词性物主代词。空格后的“full benefit”是名词词组，所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
129. 考查非谓语动词。句意：读一次了解这个故事，再读一次欣赏描写手法和故事发展，最后读一次熟
悉词汇和表达。根据句型结构可知，此处要表达“读一遍的目的是了解这个故事”，表目的用不定式，
且下文有类似结构“once again to appreciate the way”。故填to understand。
130. 考查固定搭配。句意：读一次了解这个故事，再读一次欣赏描写手法和故事发展，最后读一次熟悉
词汇和表达。根据固定短语become familiar with对…熟悉，可知此处填介词with。故填with。
14
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story 131 describe something in
a way that will give the reader a strong 132 (impress). Others try
133 ( convey) certain emotions, Poets use many different 134 (form) of poems to express 135
(they). In this text, however, we will look 136 a few of the simpler forms. Some of the first poetry 137
(write) in English is nursery rhymes. Children learned these when they were very young. Nursery rhymes like
138 one on the right are still a common type of children’s poetry. They delight small children 139 they
have strong rhythm, rhyme and a lot of repetition. This 140 (make) them easy to learn and recite. By playing
with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
【答案】
131. or 132. impression 133. to convey 134. forms 135. themselves 136. at 137.
written 138. the 139. because 140. makes
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了写诗的理由，还有诗歌的几种类型。
131. 考查连词。句意：一些诗歌讲故事，或者以给读者留下深刻印象的方式描述事情。讲故事和描述事
情是二选一，或者的关系，所以填or。
132. 考查名词。句意：一些诗歌讲故事，或者以给读者留下深刻印象的方式描述事情。strong是形容词，
用来修饰名词，impress的形容词为impression，由不定冠词修饰，用单数，故填impression。
133. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了传递感情，诗人用不同形式的诗歌表达自己。分析句子可知，用不定式作目的状语，故填to convey。
134. 考查名词。句意：为了传递感情，诗人用不同形式的诗歌表达自己。form是名词，由different修饰，
用复数形式，故用forms。
135. 考查名词。句意：为了传递感情，诗人用不同形式的诗歌表达他们自己。express是动词，后接人称
代词的宾格形式作宾语，根据句意要填他们自己，故填themselves。
136. 考查介词。句意：我们来看一些简单的例子。look是不及物动词，接宾语加介词 at ，故填at。
137. 考查非谓语动词。句意：最开始的诗歌是用英语写的童谣。句子的谓语是is，write只能用非谓语动
词形式作定语，逻辑主语poetry与write是被动关系，故填written。
138. 考查冠词。句意：像右边这样的童谣仍然是儿童诗歌的类型。特指右边的童谣，特指用the。
139. 考查连词。句意：他们让孩子开心，因为他们节奏韵律强且有重复。让孩子开心的原因是诗歌的节
奏和韵律，because连词表原因，故填because。
140. 考查动词时态。句意：这让它们易学易记。this是主语，是单数，整篇文章是一般现在时态，故谓语
动词用单数故填makes。
